1908

Memorable Milestones The American Phytopathological Society Centennial Collection

Includes: The 100-Year History of APS by R. James Cook APS Centennial Oral History Project by Darin M. Eastburn APS Member Tributes: Past to Present

2008

Memorable Milestones

The American Phytopathological Society Centennial Collection

Includes: The 100-Year History of APS, by R. James Cook APS Centennial Oral History Project, by Darin M. Eastburn APS Member Tributes: Past to Present Reference in this publication to a trademark, proprietary product, or company name is intended for explicit description only and does not imply approval or recommendation to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.

© 2008 by The American Phytopathological Society

All rights reserved.

No portion of this book, including the accompanying videos, may be reproduced in any form, including photocopy, microfilm, information storage and retrieval system, computer database, or software, or by any means, including electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America.

The American Phytopathological Society 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul, Minnesota 55121 U.S.A. Preface  APS Centennial People move forward into the future Planning Committee out of the way they comprehend the past. — Norman Mailer Chair Cleora J. D’Arcy Committee Members It was the future that was on the minds of the 54 people who met in December of 1908 Richard Bélanger to create “The American Phytopathological Society.” These scientists envisioned a Society Molly Cline that would be “of invaluable aid in promoting the future development of this important Rose Gergerich and rapidly growing subject.” Paul Peterson Erin Rosskopf However, it was the past that captured the imagination of the members of the APS Kurtis L. Schroeder Centennial Planning Committee as we reflected upon and planned the commemoration Luis Sequeira of this 100-year-milestone event. As scientists, we build upon the work of those who Erik Stromberg have come before us, so an understanding of the history of one’s own field is imperative. Allison Tally

Our past can be seen as a series of discoveries or events, but the people behind each Project Leaders of these steps of progress are also important. Life experiences and character can play Richard Bélanger surprisingly critical roles in discovery. Narrative accounts of the past can help us Grosse Île Tour understand this human side of scientific progress. Carolee Bull, Julius Fajardo, and Anne Vidaver The founding members of our Society have left us an invaluable legacy. As APS members, Centennial Special Session: we are contributing to the continuation of that legacy. R. James Cook, an APS member “Optimizing Opportunities for for 50 years, spent months researching APS’s impressive past. His treatise, “The 100-Year Everyone in Plant Pathology” History of APS,” published here, is an important contribution to our centennial record. It also will serve as a valuable reference for future members of APS. Stella Coakley Historical T-shirt Display The Oral History DVDs included here capture this moment in our history through R. James Cook the voices of our membership. Created over a three-year period under the leadership “The 100-Year History of APS” and of Darin Eastburn, a member for more than 25 years, the enclosed DVDs feature Centennial Special Session: interviews with six prominent plant pathologists and numerous members’ perspectives “100 Years of The American on their experiences as scientists and as APS members. Phytopathological Society” Darin M. Eastburn To mark our centennial year, we also have included a current list of the entire APS Oral History DVDs membership, along with a salute to APS awardees and leaders who have served our Society over the past 100 years. Rose Gergerich Historical Displays The vision of our founding members has become a reality. Today, APS is a vibrant, Tim Paulitz flourishing Society whose members have made significant and far-reaching advances in Centennial Calendar plant pathology. Our Society truly does have a “history of excellence” and a “future of promise.” Deb Samac Science Museum of Minnesota Cleora J. D’Arcy Display APS Centennial Planning Committee Chair David Schmale July 2008 Centennial Special Session: “The Future of Plant Pathology” Kurtis L. Schroeder Centennial Timeline and Pioneering Plant Pathologists Display Erik Stromberg Centennial Special Session:

“Plant Pathology in 1908/2008”  APS Centennial Sponsors

Thank you to the following sponsors, whose generous contributions have made the APS Centennial Celebration a truly spectacular event. Special thanks to the initial Centennial sponsors, signified below with an asterisk, who ensured that special Centennial projects, such as this book, were made possible through their early contributions.

Gold BASF Corporation* Bayer CropScience* Cornell University* Dow AgroSciences* Dupont Ag & Nutrition* Monsanto* North Carolina State University* The Ohio State University The Pennsylvania State University Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.* University of California-Davis University of Minnesota Silver Purdue University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University* Bronze APS North Central Division APS Northeastern Division* APS Potomac Division BAAR Scientific LLC Kansas State University Pioneer HiBred Intl. Inc.* University of Nebraska Washington State University Supporting APS Pacific Division APS Southern Division BioWorks Inc. Florida Phytopathological Society University of Delaware Contents

The 100-Year History of APS R. James Cook Introduction ...... 8 Leadership in the Promotion of Excellence in Plant Pathology ...... 10 Public Perception of APS—and of Plant Pathologists ...... 20 National Service and Outreach ...... 22 International Service and Outreach ...... 30 Industry Relations and Private Practice...... 35 Infrastructure, Professional Management, and Governance...... 39 Acknowledgments ...... 51 Literature Cited ...... 51

APS Centennial Oral History Project Darin M. Eastburn Introduction ...... 54 DVD Table of Contents ...... 56 DVD Disc 1 & Disc 2

APS Member Tributes: Past to Present APS Charter Members ...... 59 APS Leadership ...... 61 APS Awardees ...... 64 APS Annual Meetings ...... 69 APS Centennial Members ...... 70 APS Sustaining Associates ...... 124 The 100-Year History of APS

R. James Cook Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University, Pullman The 100-Year History of APS

R. James Cook Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University, Pullman Introduction

he American Phytopathological Society (APS) is arguably among the most robust, service-oriented, and successful scientific societies in the world, whether measured by the quality and number of its journal and nonjournal publications, public service and outreach, leadership among its scientific-society peer group, success of its annual meetings, international leadership and service, member services, member volunteerism, or financial health. With now more than 5,000 members, it may well be the most successful of all professional scientific societies of similar size in the United States if not the world. It is my honor and privilege to be invited to tell the 100-year success story of APS, from its humble yet visionary beginnings through our centenary celebration.

Like any historical narrative, the story of APS is a story of the accomplishments of ordinary people—members who took their turns as leaders, many as extraordinary leaders. This story could well fill the pages of a large book, and even what I intended as a “brief” review when taking on this project has turned out longer than I had envisioned. Nevertheless, and with apologies to the many whose contributions and leadership have not been chronicled, I have attempted here to 1) follow the development of a select few themes that seem to characterize and even distinguish APS among its peer group of professional scientific societies; 2) describe some of the struggles and interesting sojourns, such as the publication of abstracts of papers and posters presented at annual meetings, or the perceived lack of public image; and 3) personalize where appropriate my own reflections as a member of APS for the past 50 years.

This is a review of the history of The American Phytopathological Society and not of the science of plant pathology in America. Nevertheless, it seems useful to consider the status of plant pathology in the United States in those formative years in the context of the biological sciences generally and the science, practice, and organization of plant pathology more specifically in Europe leading up to the 20th century. Darwin’s theory that the origin and diversity of species could be explained by natural selection had been published in 1859; Pasteur’s proof of the microbiological basis for fermentation and disproof of spontaneous generation had been published starting in 1858; and Gregor Mendel’s work, considered the foundation for modern genetics and first published in 1866, had become generally known among biologists by the turn of the 20th century. Consider further that Provost’s 1803 report on the infectious nature of covered smut of wheat was already more than 100 years in the past by the time APS was formed, and that Julius Kuehn’s 1858 volume Die Krankheiten dur Kulturgewaehse, ihre Ursachen und ihre Verhuetung, considered the beginning of plant pathology as both a practice and a science (40), appeared 50 years before the formation of APS. The first professional society of plant pathology, the Royal Netherlands Society of Plant Pathology, was formed in 1891, predating APS by 17 years.

Stevenson (37), in his paper presented at the 1958 (Golden Jubilee) meeting of APS, states that plant pathology as either a science or a practice was essentially nonexistent in America until the last quarter of the 19th century and that there were only 11 workers with the title of plant pathologist at the State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES) as of 1904, although others with titles such as botanist, entomologist, and agronomist were doing plant pathology work. Stevenson’s numbers notwithstanding, a more realistic indication of the strength of plant pathology in America around that time can be gained from the 130 charter members of APS in 1909, representing institutions literally from east to west and north to south. Moreover, the typical focus of those early-day American plant pathologists on applied research was not without major contributions to the science. One example is Bolley’s (6) classic 1901 report from the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station on “flax-sick soil” that provided some of the first evidence that the crop rotation effect required a biological and not a chemical explanation (22).

8 It was also during this early period that Erwin F. Smith, a member of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Division of Vegetable Pathology, after taking up the study of diseases caused by bacteria in the early 1890s, was ridiculed by the German plant pathologist Albert Fischer, who did not believe that bacteria caused plant diseases (25). This led to the famous controversy of 1897-1901, when Smith won out over Fischer, thereby establishing phytobacteriology as a field of investigation and arguably making America the home of this independent field of plant pathology research. More than 60 years later, following the annual meeting held in Miami in 1965, in one of many successful efforts by APS to inform and guide national policy, letters were sent to all deans of colleges of agriculture and directors of state agricultural experiment stations and a number of other administrative and political officials, expressing concern over the lack of research and teaching in phytobacteriology in the United States. President George Zentmyer stated in his 1966 report to the members of APS that “a large number of informative replies were received.” The actions that followed in response to these letters no doubt contributed greatly to the role that phytobacteriology would later play in the establishment of molecular plant pathology, starting in the mid-1980s with the report by Staskawicz, Dahlbeck, and Keen (36) of the first cloning and characterization of an avirulence gene from the phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea.

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), formed in 1848, is to be credited with fostering the development of plant pathology as a science in America and for providing the leadership that led to the formation of APS (11). A committee of AAAS members consisting of J. C. Arthur, C. E. Bessey, W. G. Farlow, T. J. Burrill, and C. H. Peck was appointed in 1884 for the “encouragement of research on the health and disease of plants.” This AAAS committee wrote in 1885 to the Commissioner (now Secretary) of Agriculture urging that plant diseases be included as part of the studies of the Department’s botanist. In response, a Section of Mycology was established within the USDA Division of Botany, with F. Lamson-Scribner as the head, starting in 1885. In 1890, the Commissioner C. L. Shear, a USDA plant of Agriculture established the Division of Vegetable Pathology with Beverly Galloway pathologist (35), organized the meeting on December as chief. The Journal of Mycology, devoted at first entirely to taxonomy of fungi by the 30, 1908, that led to the Section of Mycology, was taken over by the Division of Vegetable Pathology as an outlet formation of The American for information on plant diseases, and as such became the first American journal for Phytopathological Society plant pathology. It was also under the auspices of AAAS that USDA plant pathologist one year later. He was the C. L. Shear organized a meeting, held on December 30, 1908, during the annual first secretary-treasurer meeting of AAAS held that year in Baltimore, to discuss the formation of an independent of APS, served on the American scientific society for plant pathologists. first editorial board of Phytopathology, and was Fifty-four people attended the organizational meeting led by Shear (31). The statement elected president in 1919. released from that meeting read: The photo was taken while he was president. It is our opinion that an American Phytopathological Society placed upon a broad and generous foundation, may be of invaluable aid in promoting the future development of this important and rapidly growing subject in America, and that its influence may be made of international importance.

It is interesting to note the similarities between this humble yet visionary statement and the Society’s 2007 Vision Statement:

The APS will be a diverse global community of scientists that: provides credible and beneficial information related to plant health; advocates and participates in the exchange of knowledge with the public, policy makers, and the larger scientific community; and promotes and provides opportunities for scientific communication, career preparation and professional development for its members.

9 The first officers of APS were elected at that 1908 organizational meeting: President L. R. Jones, University of Wisconsin; Vice President A. D. Selby, Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station; Secretary-Treasurer C. L. Shear, USDA; and Councilors J. B. S. Norton, University of Maryland, and B. M. Duggar, Cornell University. The officers wrote a constitution and bylaws for the new organization, and 130 people responded to the invitation to join APS as charter members (see pg. 59-60). Dues were set at 50 cents.

 The first meeting of APS was held jointly with AAAS the following year, on December 30-31, 1909, in Boston; 50 members attended and 45 papers were presented. Dues were raised to $1. The new officers elected at that first official meeting were President F. L. Stevens, North Carolina State; Vice President A. F. Woods, University of Minnesota; Secretary- Treasurer C. L. Shear; and Councilors L. R. Jones, A. D. Selby, and H. H. Whetzel, Cornell University. APS was incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia on October 25, 1915.

Horsfall (23) referred affectionately to this founding group as “another splinter group from the botanical main stem.” Indeed, most of those conducting research on plant diseases at the time of the formation of APS had the title of botanist, going back to the Hatch Act of 1887 and formation of the SAES system, which provided for a botanist and an entomologist at each land-grant university. Moreover, those who voted against the motion to form The American Phytopathological Society during the 1908 organizational meeting were concerned that such a

move would fragment the botanical community. Interestingly, while the  botanical (or plant) sciences gave rise to plant pathology at the beginning of the 20th century, arguably, molecular plant pathology gave rise to Cover of the program for the molecular plant biology at the end of the century. first annual meeting of The American Phytopathological The formative years of APS need little additional review beyond those of Campbell et al. Society, held in Boston December 30-31, 1909. (11), Horsfall (23), McCallan (31), and Peterson and Griffith (35). On the other hand, the themes that tell the story (or stories) of APS are already apparent among the decisions and the myriad of details available in annual reports and archived correspondence during this early period. Here I pick up the threads of six areas that in my opinion characterize and distinguish the Society today: • Leadership in the promotion of excellence in plant pathology; • Public image of plant pathologists; • National service and outreach; • International service and outreach; • Industry relations; and • Infrastructure, professional management, and governance.

Leadership in the Promotion of Excellence in Plant Pathology

APS has promoted excellence in plant pathology largely through its high-quality publications, and therefore this first section is primarily a historical account of the steps forward (and sometimes backward) in the development and maintenance of journals first, then books, and now online publications. It is through these instruments and those of other professional plant pathology societies that plant pathologists from all over the world, not just in America, have built the science and practice of plant pathology that we know today.

The Society’s Flagship Publication: Phytopathology It was also decided at that first meeting of APS to start a new journal, to be named Phytopathology. Launched as a bimonthly journal with Volume 1, Number 1, issued in February 1911, Phytopathology became a monthly publication with the January issue of

10 Volume 8 in 1918. The first editorial board was chaired by L. R. Jones and supported by editors C. L. Shear and H. H. Whetzel, with 12 associate editors and Donald Reddick as business manager. The title of editor-in-chief was first used in 1921, and the subtitle, An International Journal, was added in 1925. A European editor was added in 1924, starting with H. M. Quanjer of Wageningen, but this arrangement was discontinued in 1943. The decision to charge for reprints was made at the 1950 annual meeting in Memphis.

Growth of Phytopathology in scientific stature and popularity during its early years soon led to the day when the onerous and even burdensome duties of editor-in-chief were making it difficult to attract a member to serve voluntarily in this role. After 11 members reportedly turned down the request to serve as editor-in-chief in the late 1950s, immediate past president Helen Hart captured the dilemma in a letter dated July 2, 1957, to President George Fischer: “I feel quite certain that practically everyone… at the present time is loathe to give up his opportunities for research and teaching in order to assume the editorial work.” A. F. Ross, then editor-in-chief, had suggested that a grant-in-aid or honorarium might help, but Hart foresaw the day when “we are going to have to employ more paid workers on some of our routine society business.” Saul Rich, treasurer and business manager, objected to Ross’s suggestion, stating that “to offer money as a lure may attract the wrong kind of person to the job.”  Rich proposed that the Society “pattern the editorial management of Phytopathology after that of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,” whereby authors would obtain “original letters from three members who would state that the manuscript has met certain standards set by the editor-in-chief, and who would then accept the manuscript on behalf of the Society. The author would then send the approved manuscript to the printer together with the accepting letters.” Rich claimed to know of two members willing to serve on these terms. In a blunt response, Ross wrote on July 8, 1957, that “the proposal as outlined [by Rich] would ruin the journal” and that “it would result in a marked lowering of the quality of our publication.” Ross pointed out that “the author would be free to choose reviewers whom he knew in advance would approve the paper as written,” and if “one or more of these reviewers did not approve the paper, he would be free to choose other reviewers…until he obtained three signatures.” Ross added that “a dedicated man would… tolerate drudgery and carping criticism in order to do a job as he thinks it

should be done; he might or might not need money.” 

Hart, in her letter of July 2, 1957, had encouraged President Fischer to check out the solution reached by the cereal chemists a few years earlier, and to “talk with Cover of the first issue of Dr. William Geddes and to Mr. Raymond Tarleton regarding the measures that the cereal Phytopathology, issued chemists have taken…for in-house technical editing.” As discussed in the next section, in February 1911 as the Society not only adopted the approach of the cereal chemists some 10 years later, it a bimonthly journal. Phytopathology became a also formed a partnership with the American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC), monthly publication with the with Tarleton as executive vice president, that has persisted to the present day and proved January issue of Volume 8 to be of fundamental importance to both professional organizations. in 1918. Tensions over Quality and Publication of Abstracts in Phytopathology Publication of abstracts of papers presented at the APS annual meetings, a practice that began with Volume 1 of Phytopathology, became one of the more contentious issues relatively early. The two main concerns were their variable quality and whether they belonged in Phytopathology. Efforts were made to improve the quality. For example, in a letter dated January 2, 1946, J. C. Walker was informed by APS Secretary E. M. Johnson that, according to Helen Hart, then editor-in-chief of Phytopathology, he (Walker) had consented to act as chair of a three-person committee to edit abstracts for the upcoming St. Louis meeting. Likewise in 1957, A. F. Ross recommended to Council that abstracts should be reviewed and edited, owing to the number that were poorly written and the fact that “some abstracts contained so little factual material that it was not possible to evaluate them.”

11 One of the first recommendations of a newly formed Publications [super] Committee, at the 1962 annual meeting in Corvallis, was “that the publication in Phytopathology of abstracts of papers presented at national and divisional meetings be discontinued; that abstracts in a noncitable form be made available to the membership; and that the membership be informed of the pros and cons of publication of abstracts well in advance of the time that they will be requested to make the decision.” While this recommendation was not immediately acted upon, a decision was made to charge for publication of abstracts in Phytopathology, at the recommendation of the Publications Committee in 1970. After discovering that some members of the Society were submitting abstracts for publication in Phytopathology but not attending the annual meeting and hence not paying the registration fee, Council in 1976 passed a motion that “Abstracts for papers that are not presented at an annual meeting will not be published in the Proceedings.”

The (short-lived) Annual Proceedings of The American Phytopathological Society The proceedings referred to in the foregoing motion were officially The Annual Proceedings of The American Phytopathological Society, launched in  1974, with their own cover design, primarily to get the abstracts out of Phytopathology. Designed to include the annual reports and symposia in addition to abstracts of the annual and divisional meetings, and provided to members free of charge, the Proceedings were also one of the bigger mistakes made by APS Councils. The series proved not to be cost-effective, in large part because the hoped-for acceptance by libraries did not materialize, and was discontinued with the 1977 issue.

Council then directed that, while symposia would be published in Phytopathology, abstracts and annual reports thenceforth would be published in Phytopathology News. The decision was to be put to a vote at the 1978 annual meeting in Tucson, with articles in favor and in opposition to be published in Phytopathology News before the meeting. As a member of Council (Pacific Division Councilor), I was assigned responsibility for the article against publishing abstracts in Phytopathology and instead publishing them in Phytopathology News, while Rennie Stavely wrote the article opposed to this decision. In a rare reversal of a Council decision, and after

considerable debate, the membership voted overwhelmingly at the  1978 general business meeting in Tucson to move abstracts back to Phytopathology. In response, Council directed the Phytopathology Cover of the first issue of editorial board to finalize the details for its (Council’s) consideration “and [to be] Phytopathology News, communicated to the membership as rapidly and effectively as possible.” published as a separate bimonthly publication beginning in February 1967. The recommendation, approved and implemented, led to publication of the abstracts Phytopathology News began of the annual and division meetings in camera-ready (unedited) form, starting in 1979 as a short newsletter issued to with the 1978 abstracts. Annual reports continued to be published in Phytopathology each member starting in News through 1980 (the 72nd Annual Report), after which these also returned to 1948 and then became part of Phytopathology. Camera-ready abstracts continued to be published in Phytopathology the advertising page of each for the next 18 years (through the 1995 meetings). By that time, with word processing, issue of Phytopathology the pages of “camera-ready” abstracts looked just like the rest of the journal. (Abstracts starting in 1951. for the 1988 annual meeting and Pacific Division meeting were published as a separate “Part 1” of the December issue of Phytopathology.) In 1996, under the leadership of Dennis Gross as editor-in-chief, abstracts began to be published in Supplements to one or more of the monthly issues of the journal. The first Supplement was to the November 1996 issue and contained abstracts from five division meetings held in 1996 as well as the annual meeting in Indianapolis in July 1996. This practice continues as part of the current policy of publishing abstracts in Phytopathology as Supplements with separate pagination, annual reports in Phytopathology News, and symposium papers as articles in Phytopathology subject to approval by the editor-in-chief.

12 Early Nonjournal Publications The Society stepped early but also modestly into the business of publishing nonjournal materials with Phytopathological Classics, starting in 1926. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (F & N) debuted in 1944 as a supplement to Plant Disease Reporter. The USDA had to discontinue this service due to budget cuts and APS picked it up as a Society publication starting in 1957. Phytopathology News began as a short newsletter issued to each member starting in 1948 and then became part of the advertising page of each issue of Phytopathology starting in 1951. Phytopathology News as a separate, monthly publication began in February 1967, with Malcolm Shurtleff as the first editor.

Can the Classics Be “Self-Supporting”? Production of Phytopathological Classics was almost singularly and enthusiastically a project of Professor H. H. Whetzel. Whetzel maintained a policy that the Classics should pay their own way through sales and not be subsidized by the Society. Upon his death in 1944, Council divided responsibility for the Classics between an editor and the business manager. In a letter dated December 9, 1955, L. C. Knorr, then editor, pointed out to Council that this arrangement was not working. Knorr wrote that “the Business Manager [then C. W. Boothroyd], on the contrary [to Whetzel’s policy, supported by Knorr] has viewed PC as a project to be supported by the Society as a whole and has requested financial assistance from Council; two grants-in-aid totaling $1850 were made during the last three years.” Knorr proposed that Whetzel’s policy be reaffirmed, pointing out that “a policy of self-sufficiency makes it possible to gauge the extent to which PC is fulfilling an actual need. When, however, PC operates on periodic grants, reality drops out from underneath it, and PC assumes the status of a dispensable luxury. Supported by a grudging charity, PC might well become unpopular.” Council accepted Knorr’s recommendation and thereby established a policy that continues to this day: the Society’s nonjournal publications should be priced in such a way that they are self-supporting and therefore can be shown, based on sales, to have served a real need.

I witnessed and participated in similar discussions myself, during my approximately 10 years on Council in the 1970s and 1980s, with one side arguing that if the publication is so important, the Society should subsidize it, and the other side arguing that if the publication is that important, it will support itself through sales. Today, APS PRESS, the publishing arm of the Society, is run as a business, with prices decided by staff and not Council, not just to break even but to make a profit for support of member services.

Struggles to Launch Monographs and Reviews Council in 1948 appointed a Special Committee on Publications with the charge of enlisting authors of monographs and reviews. Apparently to double the effort or spread out the workload, Council in the 1950s appointed two committees—a Monographs Committee and a Reviews Committee—then later merged them into the Committee on Monographs and Reviews. To further encourage members to think more broadly about the science, Council in 1951 changed the policy to allow Phytopathology to publish reviews rather than exclusively papers “concerned with original experimental data.”

When these measures failed to produce the expected reviews—Barley Yellow Dwarf (8) was the only monograph published as of 1961—Council appointed a nine-member “blue-ribbon” Special Committee to Study Publications and Public Relations, chaired by James G. Horsfall. The eight-page report of this committee to Council in 1961, entitled “Proposed Policy for a New Publication to Be Called Perspectives in Plant Pathology,” is classic and undoubtedly the work of Horsfall. The report states for the benefit of Council: “The Monographs Committee reported hopefully to you in 1957 that 9 topics had been accepted by authors and one ‘is nearly complete.’ Reviews [Committee] the same year noted 66 topics under consideration. In 1958, the Monograph Committee reported that 13 promises had been obtained, that 4 should be printed in 1959. This is 1961. One monograph manuscript has been approved and submitted. Also in 1958, the Reviews Committee reported 10 invitations sent out and refers to the ‘necessary follow-up letters.’ The word, necessary, is an understatement. Six are committed they say. None has been

13 delivered.” The report sums up the situation with the statement: “The general consensus among members seems to be, ‘We want monographs and reviews, but count us out as authors.’”

Horsfall was also appointed chair of the Committee on Monographs and Reviews, where he continued to press for commitment, quality, and financial independence of the series. In his report at the 1965 annual meeting in Miami, he wrote that “the essence of the problem is that most members of the Society approve of monographs as an abstract idea but in the real world monographs cost money.” He reported that, with a margin of 9 to 2, the committee had voted to “recommend to Council that monographs be set up on a self- sustaining basis and handled like Phytopathological Classics, that members support it with their checkbooks.”

A survey of the APS membership conducted by the Committee on Monographs and Reviews in 1978 revealed that the majority of respondents favored continuation of the …most members of series, but only 1% of the membership responded. Facing continuing financial problems, the Society approve of the committee considered whether it should “drop the word ‘Reviews’ from its name monographs as an and perhaps be combined into one committee with those of APS Compendia and APS Classics.” Two new monographs (numbers 11 and 12 on chestnut blight and soybean abstract idea but in the rust, respectively) were approved by Council in 1983. With the formation of APS PRESS real world monographs in 1984 (see below), the committee at its last meeting that year worked hard to “bring as many of the projects as possible forward in good form for the new APS PRESS Editorial cost money....monographs Board.” This included the approval of new monographs on potato late blight and apple [should] be set up scab and revisions of several published earlier.

on a self-sustaining From “Perspectives in Plant Pathology” to Annual Review of Phytopathology basis and handled like The report of the Horsfall-chaired Special Committee to Study Publications and Public Phytopathological Relations with its recommended new publication describes a “perspective” in plant pathology as “a scientific paper of the most sophisticated type…a bigger term than Classics, that members monograph or review.” The new publication was proposed as “a new venture by our support it with their Society. It will not perform any function now performed. It will have no captive audience checkbooks. of subscribers. It will not be supported by dues. It must earn its own keep. It must, therefore, have a tight business structure of its own…published by a new corporation, a – J. G. Horsfall, 1965 wholly owned subsidiary non-profit corporation of the A.P.S. corporation…[to] assure (1) that possible bankruptcy is not chargeable to the parent corporation; (2) that the corporation structure will be as tight as need be to organize and operate it.”

Obviously, this proposed publication was not approved. It would be interesting to know the discussions that followed, because this special committee left Biloxi renamed the Special Committee for Annual Reviews, chaired by Horsfall. The vision that was outlined in their report would carry over to the new Annual Review of Phytopathology; Volume 1 was published just two years later, with James G. Horsfall as the founding editor.

The Golden Jubilee Volume Unquestionably, the Golden Jubilee meeting was the most scientifically significant and Society-defining accomplishment of APS in its first 50 years. Fittingly, the concurrent publication of Plant Pathology Problems and Progress 1908–1958 (21) added enormously to the confidence and vision of APS as a leader within the scientific community and to its commitment to scientific excellence.

Glen Pound, as chair of the program committee, wrote to C. S. Holton, chair of the editorial committee, on December 4, 1957: “When writing to each author, I hope you will remind them that the committee wants their paper to be more than a treatise of their own research…Their papers…should constitute a review of past work as well as an appraisal of problems ahead….we solicit their best efforts to make their paper absolutely tops.” On January 10, 1958, in a memo to the 50th Anniversary Committee, Pound suggested the title “Plant Pathology—Problems and Progress, 1958.” D. E. Ellis at North Carolina State, a member of the committee, wrote back four days later saying that “if a date is used in the title, both ‘1908 and 1958’ should be included.” Thus the

14 title became Plant Pathology—Problems and Progress, 1908–1958. While not completed until December, and published in 1959, the volume went on sale before the meeting, advertised as a “1000 Page Volume” and “The Most Significant Publication in the History of Plant Pathology” at a prepublication price for members of $8.50, $7.50 if ordered before July 1, 1958.

W. C. Snyder, one of seven members of the Golden Jubilee organizing committee and a member of the first editorial committee of Annual Review of Phytopathology, was also APS representative to the Agricultural  Research Institute, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council (NRC). In this latter position, he obtained NRC sponsorship, and then funding from NRC, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and the National Science Foundation, for an international symposium on “Factors Determining the Behavior of Plant Pathogens in Soil.” This seminal symposium, which Snyder cochaired with K. F. Baker, was convened at the University of California, Berkeley, in April 1963. From this meeting came still another landmark comprehensive scientific review, patterned after the Golden Jubilee volume and published as Ecology of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens: Prelude to Biological Control (4). This book remains perhaps the all-time best base reference book on the

ecology and control of soilborne plant pathogens. APS Branches Out with the Compendium Series  Having joined in partnership with the AACC, with Ray Tarleton as executive vice president, APS was set to enter the larger Announcement and world of publishing. It started with publication of the Compendium of Corn Diseases in promotion of the 1973. Tarleton recalled in personal correspondence that “Mal Shurtleff had written the forthcoming volume manuscript as part of a grant he received. He had a choice of having his university publish published with the title, it or that APS might benefit from its publication. He asked me quite frankly if staff was Plant Pathology Problems up to the job. I assured him that staff had been publishing AACC hard copy monographs and Progress 1908–1958 for a number of years. So that was the start. He gave us the manuscript, did the editing (21), representing the and funding from his grant. Success with the compendium series established our ability as proceedings of the Golden publishers in our field and the rest followed.” Jubilee scientific program.

The compendium series is the most successful nonjournal business undertaking in the history of the Society. As of this writing, APS PRESS offers 50 diagnostic compendia of diseases and pests by plant or crop, including 11 in Spanish. While there are no data on sales of the first edition of the corn compendium, 36,493 copies of the second and third editions had been sold as of June 30, 2007, and the total for all three editions has been estimated at more than 40,000 copies. The total number of all compendia sold as of that date is 405,590, not including the pioneering first edition of the corn compendium.

Plant Disease—The Long-Desired Second Journal Discussions of the need for a second journal go back at least 50 years, motivated in large part by complaints from members doing applied research that Phytopathology was not meeting their needs. My own files from my service on a Special Projects Committee appointed by President Arthur Kelman in 1967 with the charge “to take a broad view of existing projects and sharpen focus on areas in need of further project strength” show that a second journal for applied research was one of the committee’s key recommendations. President James Tammen in 1975 appointed a committee to study the feasibility of publishing a second journal. While there seems to be no record of a report from this committee in the APS Proceedings, their service coincidentally would be preempted that same year by the announcement from USDA-ARS that Plant Disease Reporter (PDR), started in 1917, would be discontinued as part of a budget cut. The initial response of Council under President Durward Bateman to the USDA announcement was to save PDR as an ARS publication. This response quickly gave

15 way to the idea that APS might take on PDR as the long-desired second journal of the Society for publication of applied research. As Tarleton recalls it, “When Ed [Kendrick, then high in USDA administration] alerted the APS officers that the department was really serious about dropping Plant Disease Reporter, discussions were held by APS  officers to determine if we could or should take it over. Most opinions expressed the need for this type of information and APS should try and assume the publishing role. The key element was money and Ed Kendrick was in a position to do something about this. Ed organized a grant [from USDA-ARS] to provide APS with starting money. Also, staff was asked if physically we could edit and publish another monthly journal—the answer was yes if we could beef up our editorial staff. This was accomplished along with a major design change orchestrated by an APS committee and staff.” That grant turned out to be $236,000 provided in two installments.

President Jack Schafer appointed a committee in November 1978 at the annual meeting in Tucson, with me as the chair, and charged us to design or redesign and launch this new, yet ongoing journal. Three new sections—an editorial page, Features, and a Focus page on the latest in

plant pathology published in other journals—were added in addition  to the research articles. The name was changed to Plant Disease as the appropriate applied counterpart to Phytopathology, but the PDR volume Cover of the first issue ofPlant numbers were continued, starting with Volume 64 in January 1980. Disease, formerly Plant Disease In fact, and a testimony to the outstanding professional staff led by Tarleton, the first Reporter (PDR) published by the issue dated January 1980 was actually published in July 1979, only seven months after U.S. Department of Agriculture the decision by Council to assume publication of this journal. This allowed the Society starting starting with Volume 1 six months to market a journal that would no longer be free. Twenty thousand copies in 1917 through Volume 63 in of the premier issue were mailed in July 1979 to members, libraries, and other potential 1979, and then as an official subscribers to promote the revamped publication. At the 1979 annual meeting, Plant monthly journal of the American Disease was approved by the APS members as an official journal of the Society, with Phytopathological Society starting Malcolm Shurtleff as the first editor-in-chief. with Volume 64 in 1980. This January 1980 issue of Plant Disease was actually published Two years later, in 1982, having taken note of and inquired into APS’s experience in in July 1979 and mailed to some assuming responsibility for Plant Disease, the British Society for Plant Pathology (BSPP) 20,000 potential subscribers as similarly took over and redesigned the journal Plant Pathology, published for the previous part of a promotion of this journal 30 years (1952–1981) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). that would no longer be free. As in the transition from PDR to Plant Disease, volume numbers of Plant Pathology were continued uninterrupted when publication shifted from MAFF to BSPP.

More Notable Books Another step in the evolution of APS as a publishing house came when the Society hosted the Second International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP) in Minneapolis in September 1973. The third international symposium on soilborne plant pathogens was held as part of this second meeting of the ICPP. Proceedings from the first two symposia on soilborne pathogens had been published by the University of California Press. As chair of the program on soilborne pathogens for the second ICPP, I approached Ray Tarleton about the possibility of APS publishing these proceedings. The result was apparently the first hardcover book published by APS, Biology and Control of Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens (9), published in 1975.

When Freeman and Company of San Francisco informed Ken Baker and me that our 1974 book, Biological Control of Plant Pathogens (3), was out of print and would not be reprinted, Tarleton, with our concurrence, obtained permission for APS to produce a second printing in 1982. Meanwhile, Baker and I were well along with our second book (14), and since APS had reprinted our first book, it was a natural decision to have them publish this second one as well. That same year (1983), APS also published the volume planned by the Diamond Jubilee Committee, chaired by S. H. Smith, entitled Challenging Problems in Plant Health (26). APS further agreed to publish the proceedings

16 of the fifth international symposium on soilborne plant pathogens held in 1983 as part of the fourth ICPP in Melbourne, Australia (34).

At the 1983 Diamond Jubilee meeting of APS held in Ames, Publications Coordinator Thor Kommedahl reported that of 14 new book titles that had been budgeted for income, six had been published, four were in progress, and four had been canceled. Concurrently at that meeting, Council approved replacement of the publications coordinator position, itself an outgrowth of the 1960 Publications [super] Committee, with a Publications Board for nonjournal publications, independent of Phytopathology, Plant Disease, and Phytopathology News, with George Agrios as editor-in-chief. Thus, the stage was set for the creation of APS PRESS.

Formation of APS PRESS One of my first formal actions as APS president following the 1983 meeting in Ames— in fact, even before the end of the meeting—was to appoint an ad hoc committee chaired by A. R. Weinhold to review the APS committee structure for nonjournal publications and recommend a more simplified structure that would also provide quality control. The need to take a fresh look at the APS infrastructure for nonjournal publications came up in a conversation I had with Ray Tarleton and Steve Nelson during our car ride from St. Paul to Ames to the 75th anniversary meeting of the Society. APS had evolved a complex structure of committees to guide it in selecting and publishing its growing number and variety of publications, including the Phytopathological Classics Committee, Phytopathological Monographs and Reviews Committee, Disease Compendium Committee, Books Committee, and Publications Coordinating Committee. Yet the manuscript Baker and I had submitted for our second book was never actually reviewed by any member of the Books Committee (although we had obtained our own external reviews before submitting the manuscript).

At the 1984 annual meeting on the campus of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Council approved the establishment of APS PRESS, with George Agrios as the first editor-in-chief. APS PRESS, with an editor-in-chief and associate editors, thus assumed a role equivalent to that of the editorial boards of Phytopathology and Plant Disease, including a position on Council for the editor-in-chief. All other committees were either discontinued, and their duties assumed by APS PRESS, or reorganized to be under the auspices of APS PRESS. Two years later, the Committee on Illustrations of Plant Pathogens and Diseases was similarly moved to become a committee under APS PRESS, with continuing responsibility for the production of marketable sets of slides and other illustrations.

The expansion of the Society’s in-house publication capability as APS PRESS was justified primarily as a service to members, both in publishing books authored by members and in providing books to members at a time when commercial scientific publishing houses had all but abandoned the individual book buyer by targeting library sales through extremely high pricing strategies. APS PRESS provided books at reasonable prices, often because the member-authors declined to accept royalties. Including compendia and four titles in the Plant Health Management series launched in 1991 with the publication of Wheat Health Management (16), more than 200 titles are available from APS PRESS as of this writing, generating income for fiscal year 2007 of $854,064, representing 18% of the annual income of the Society. Other productions include a large collection of slide sets and other teaching materials, and a CD-ROM collection that includes the proceedings of APS meetings starting with 2003. Because of the growth in the number of titles and the need to improve service to customers worldwide, APS PRESS opened an office in Europe in 1996.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions The next (third) major journal taken on by the Society was Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (MPMI). MPMI was launched in 1987 as a new journal shared with the International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (IS-MPMI) and was

17 sponsored initially by APS PRESS. George Bruening was appointed as the first editor- in-chief. Two years later, at the annual meeting in Richmond, Council approved offering MPMI as a journal option for members, appointed Luis Sequeira to succeed Bruening as editor-in-chief, and added the MPMI editor-in-chief as a member of Council. Sequeira as president of APS in 1986 had appointed an ad hoc committee to review the need and opportunity for a new journal. He was also a member of IS-MPMI and took the lead in obtaining the agreement that MPMI would serve as an official journal of both IS-MPMI and APS.

As a relatively new scientific society, IS-MPMI had few resources to start a journal. APS, with its publication infrastructure and healthy financial status, thus underwrote essentially all of the start-up costs for MPMI, including the design, production, promotion, marketing, and distribution. This was a strategic investment on the forefront of molecular plant pathology as an emerging field of science, and it addressed the  need for APS to provide young scientists with another reason to join the Society. Sharing this journal also headed off the possibility that IS- MPMI might find another way to start a competing journal. However, while editorial and financial responsibilities for MPMI were transferred to and assumed by a joint committee of APS and IS-MPMI in 1990, it was not until 1992 that an agreement on sharing of revenue was reached, when the IS-MPMI Executive Committee accepted an offer of royalty payments from APS based on the number of personal and library subscriptions to the journal.

Electronic and Online Publications By the early 1990s, it was clear that to remain competitive as a publishing house, APS would need to make a successful transition from providing exclusively hard-copy journals and books sent through

the mail and stored on shelves to embrace entirely electronic methods  of journal and book production, dissemination, and storage. With nearly 80% of Society income dependent on the sale of books and journal subscriptions, the financial implications of this transition had Cover of the first issue of Molecular Plant-Microbe to be faced and managed realistically. APS staff under the leadership of Ray Tarleton Interactions (MPMI), had, during the 1980s, made sure that APS publication practices took advantage of launched in 1987 as a new the savings and efficiencies offered by the latest technologies in word processing and journal of the American desktop publishing by continually updating the in-house computers and software Phytopathological Society shared (27). This strategy of APS as an “early adopter” of electronic publishing, the skills of a with the International Society dedicated APS staff, and the leadership and hard work of a few visionary members of the for Molecular Plant-Microbe Society have been key to the success of APS in its transition to online publications and Interactions. MPMI was sponsored communications. initially by APS PRESS and then became a journal option for In 1992, Council appointed an ad hoc committee, called the Electronic Technology members of APS in 1989. Committee, chaired by Larry Moore at Oregon State University “to aid staff in identifying the best technology for use at headquarters.” This led, in 1994, to the launch of the highly successful APSnet which was introduced to the membership at the 86th annual meeting in Albuquerque. One outgrowth of this effort was a decision to convert to all-electronic handling of Plant Disease Notes. In 1993, J.D. MacDonald was appointed the first assigning editor of the Notes and charged with developing the procedures for e-mail-based submission, review, editing and final acceptance…a mission that was a challenge when e-mail was still in its infancy. As the number of electronic initiatives grew, President Sue Tolin, in 1995, repositioned the ad hoc committee, forming instead a standing committee of the society, called the Electronic Technology Advisory Committee (ETAC) and chaired by MacDonald. The ETAC was charged to “advise Council, journal editors and APS staff of opportunities to better serve members through electronic communications/publications.” Again, in 1997, as the number of initiatives and policy complexities continued to expand, Council approved a further reorganization that created the Office of Electronic Communications (OEC) with MacDonald as the first director, and ETAC became a committee under OEC.

18 The first online electronic symposium held on APSnet was in 1996 on Karnal bunt; it began on June 24 and continued for several weeks after the 1996 annual meeting in Indianapolis. The following year, APS PRESS made its online debut with “Lessons in Plant Pathology” and the first online slide set, “Diseases, Pests, and Non-nutrient Disorders of Sugar Cane.” Also in 1998, Gail Schumann and Jim MacDonald were awarded the Media Award of Excellence from the National Association of Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture for their 1996 effort to convert the Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases into a CD-Rom product under the auspices of APS PRESS. By the end of the 1990s, other professional agricultural scientific societies were looking to APS for leadership in online publishing.

Introduction of Online Journals APS launched two online peer-reviewed publications in 2000: Plant Health Progress (PHP), with Tim Murray as its first editor-in-chief, and The Plant Health Instructor (PHI), focusing on instructional materials and scholarship in teaching, with Editor-in- Chief Gail Schumann. PHP also then became the founding publication for the online Plant Management Network (PMN), developed in partnership with the American Society of Agronomy and the Crop Science Society of America, and in cooperation with the Entomological Society of America, the Society of Nematologists, the Weed Science Society of America, and other related societies. This is another example of APS working with its peer group of professional scientific societies.

As noted above, F & N (Fungicide and Nematicide Tests) was assumed as an annual publication of the Society starting in 1957. In 1985, APS launched B & C (Biological and Cultural Tests) for reports relating to nonchemical methods of plant disease management, including biological control products, resistant varieties, and cultural practices; the first volume appeared in early 1986, and John Hartman was the first editor. Starting in 2002, both F & N and B & C were added as online publications of the newly formed PMN, and archives of the 2000–2006 volumes of F & N and 2001–2006 volumes of B & C are now accessible online through PMN. In 2007, F & N and B & C were merged into the single Plant Disease Management Reports (PDMR), with D. S. Egel as editor-in-chief. PDMR is now online through PMN.

Publications infrastructure and services have continued to be a priority with APS. For example, a new web page, APSnet III, went online during the summer of 2000; the APSnet Education Center, aimed at elementary and high school teachers, also launched in 2000; APS News Capsules started in 1997; and Web-based journal submissions and manuscript tracking became possible in 2004. After declining an invitation from Science in 2002 to participate in a PubMed Central program that provides free access to publications starting 6 months after publication, APS joined the program as of April 2005, making all of its journals available free online through PubMed Central but with a two-year delay. Starting in 2005, APS contracted with the University of Wisconsin to scan all back issues of Phytopathology, Plant Disease, and MPMI and to make them freely available on the worldwide web.

As of this 100-year celebration, the APS Publications Board consists of a chair; the editors-in-chief of Phytopathology, Plant Disease, MPMI, APS PRESS, Phytopathology News, Plant Health Progress, Plant Health Instructor and APSnet Education Center, and Plant Disease Management Reports; and the director of the Office of Electronic Communications.

19 Public Perception of APS—and of Plant Pathologists

Probably no single “nonissue” has occupied more of the time of the APS leadership over the decades than the Society’s public image, or rather its lack thereof. I recall well the exchange of correspondence among my fellow members of the New [Special] Projects Committee, concluding that APS had no public image and needed to do something about it. One of the earliest and most sensible and successful attempts to get more visibility with the public focused on news releases to the popular media based on papers presented at the annual meetings. In 1976, for example, the APS Public Relations Although I find Committee, cochaired by Sam Smith and Bob Toler, reported to Council that “fifty two a lot of sentiment stories had been written concerning the annual meeting at the time of their presentation” and that “eighty newspapers were carrying stories concerning the annual APS meeting.” expressed in these letters However, no effort to improve—or create—an image for the Society was more for a change in name for controversial, or historically more interesting, than the attempts to change its name. the Society and for the First Attempt to Change the Society’s Name name American Society The first formal attempt to change the name of APS was in 1951 when Council, of Plant Pathologists following a motion by George W. Fischer at the business meeting in Cincinnati, appointed Fischer, C. W. Tucker, and James G. Horsfall to a temporary committee, with which I myself prefer, I Horsfall as chair, “to ascertain the opinion of the members of the Society to changing the do not believe that there name of the Society to one more easily understood by the public.” is sufficient majority of A “Dear Friends” form letter dated March 7, 1952, was sent to all plant pathology opinion to warrant our departments “to obtain a sample of opinion.” The letter clarified that “any name finally going any further with proposed by the committee will be presented to the Society, of course, for ballot vote.” The letter included a long list of reasons to change the name and three reasons against this problem at the a new name. Among the familiar arguments in favor of changing the name were these present time. variations on a theme: the name is not understood by the general public; the window in the world can see through plant pathology easier than through phytopathology; and – G. W. Fisher, 1952 a member seldom if ever says, when asked his profession, “I am a phytopathologist.” Reasons not to change included the fact that “phytopathology” describes the profession in one word and the argument that “any learned society wants a dignified name—the name plant pathology has dignity, but perhaps phytopathology is higher on the scientific snob scale”; it “sounds scientific.”

The alternative names proposed by this committee were the American Society of Plant Pathologists, Society of American Plant Pathologists, American Society for the Study of Plant Diseases, and American Society of Plant Doctors. The committee emphasized that the name of the journal was not under discussion. While the committee was only asking for a straw poll, the responses reflected a misunderstanding on the part of some who believed that the name was going to be changed and that they had no voice in that decision. Fischer summarized the responses in a letter to Horsfall dated May 1, 1952: “Although I find a lot of sentiment expressed in these letters for a change in name for the Society and for the name American Society of Plant Pathologists which I myself prefer, I do not believe that there is sufficient majority of opinion to warrant our going any further with this problem at the present time.” Horsfall replied a week later: “I will write to Council today, recommending that the subject be brought up for discussion at the Ithaca [venue of the 1952 annual] meeting. I quite agree…that the timing is still not right to do anything about it with the membership until they have had more chance to think it over.”

Second and Third Attempts to Change the Name About 15 years later, Council decided to revisit this issue at the 1968 annual meeting held on the campus of Ohio State University. A. W. Dimmock, APS president following that meeting, wrote to Secretary George Zentmyer on November 21, 1968, with the opening: “Bravo! I think you will find that you are far from alone in your opposition to changing the name of our Society.” Dimmock went on to say, “I, too, find it a little hard to believe that changing the name, no matter how far down the ladder we go, will have

20 much effect on the public image of plant pathologists.” Dimmock, who had missed the 1968 annual meeting and only learned of the renewed discussion of a name change in the Council minutes, wrote further in his letter to Zentmyer that “I assumed, perhaps incorrectly, that the general sentiment was for a change, in which event I [as President] should not actively oppose it,” but he allowed that “if there is a name change, I will never voluntarily accede to anything farther down than ‘The American Society of Plant Pathology.’” Coincidentally, a Constitution Revision Committee was also at work at the time, chaired by Zentmyer, presenting the obvious opportunity or responsibility to include the new name as part of any revision should the change be approved by the members. In a letter to Zentmyer dated December 5, 1968, Dimmock agreed to consider the question of a name change for the Society but recommended that it be kept separate from the issue of a revised constitution, because “the matter of a name change is too controversial to be mixed with the constitution revision.”

These early exchanges between Dimmock and Zentmyer were followed by nearly five years of discussions and letter exchanges before the issue was put to a vote of the members at the business meeting in 1972 in Mexico City. Two examples of the exchanges will suffice to illustrate the humor and honesty expressed in the opposing opinions. George Hepting, then councilor-at-large, wrote to Secretary Zentmyer on November 19, 1968, supporting a name change; after referring to the American Medical Association, the American Bankers Association, and the American Architects Institute, he remarked, People with whom “Apparently they resisted the urge to translate their names into Latin. I wish we had.” S. E. A. McCallan wrote to Dimmock on December 9, 1969: “Our Society might try to I have dealt in reduce our lingo to four letter words, but we would still have problems. Any man in the government, local street knows what rust and smut is. The first is bad for machinery. A lot of the second is citizenry, the press, and bad, but a little adds spice to a joke.” the farmer don’t care In 1971, President Joe Fulton asked immediate past president Thor Kommedahl to chair one iota what we call an ad hoc Committee on the Name Change. Others on the committee were D. E. Ellis, R. J. Green, Ray Tarleton, and Zentmyer. A poll of the membership revealed that if the ourselves. What we do name were changed, the preference was decidedly in favor of the American Society of to make our science Plant Pathologists. Curiously, the committee’s report referred in one place to “American meaningful and useful Society of Plant Pathologists” and in another place to “The American Society of Plant Pathologists.” This inconsistency was resolved in the final wording of a resolution to is what matters to them change Article I of the Articles of Incorporation to read “The name of the body corporate and what should matter is American Society of Plant Pathologists.” The resolution was defeated. to us.

Those who were members of the Society during this period will likely remember – G. Zentmyer, 1971 Zentmyer’s article “Why Change the Society’s Name???” in which he so passionately argued against the change. Calling the notion that changing the name would increase our public image “unadulterated nonsense!” he wrote that “People with whom I have dealt in government, local citizenry, the press, and the farmer don’t care one iota what we call ourselves. What we do to make our science meaningful and useful is what matters to them and what should matter to us.”

Nevertheless, five years later, the proposal was back, this time for consideration at the 1977 meeting held at Michigan State University. The proposal presented to the members at the 1977 general business meeting was to amend Article 1 of the constitution to read “the American Society for Plant Pathology” in place of “The American Phytopathological Society.” About half of the members voted for the change, but since a constitutional change requires 75% affirmative, the motion failed again.

21 National Service and Outreach

APS has a particularly rich history of responding to national needs, the most recent example being its leadership within the scientific community since September 11, 2001, in providing science-based advice to both the executive and legislative branches of the federal government regarding the identification and management of the risks to U.S. agriculture of plant pathogens used as agents of bioterrorism. However, probably no responses were undertaken with a greater sense of purpose and urgency than the formation and work of the War Emergency Board during World War I, starting about  10 years after the Society was formed (10), and of the War Emergency Committee of APS during World War II. The goal in both cases was to help assure the nation’s food security.

War Emergency Board The goals and scope of work of the War Emergency Board are especially apparent in the minutes of a special three- day meeting held in Washington, DC, February 9-11, 1918, which were published in Science (29). The board’s goals were to mobilize the nation’s plant pathologists “in order that we might have as complete a consensus as possible of all persons able to carry on pathological work during the coming season” and “to stimulate a more concentrated and correlated attack upon certain important

diseases through the established state and federal  channels.” Commissioners present at the 1918 meeting included H. H. Whetzel (chair), Cornell University; The APS War Emergency F. D. Kern, Pennsylvania State College; E. C. Stakman, Board was formed in 1918 University of Minnesota; H. P. Barass, Oregon State College of Agriculture; H. W. Barre, with the goal of ensuring the Clemson College; and G. R. Lyman (secretary), USDA Bureau of Plant Industry. Others food supply in the nation attending the meeting were M. T. Cook, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; would remain secure. H. S. Fawcett of the Citrus Experiment Station in Riverside, CA; and virtually every Standing left to right: federal pathologist working in the Bureau of Plant Industry from time to time during E.C. Stakman, G.R. Lyman, the three-day meeting. In this day when one can travel across the North American H.W. Barre, F.D. Kern, continent in about five hours, it is hard to imagine what it must have been like for Barass and G.H. Coones. and Fawcett, for example, in the winter of 1918, to travel from Corvallis and Riverside, Sitting left to right: respectively, to Washington and back by trains pulled by coal-burning locomotives. W.A. McCubbin, H.H. Whetzel, and H.P. Barrus. Capitalizing on “the spirit of cooperation which has been stimulated and developed by the national emergency caused by the war,” the plan of action developed by the board was to encompass “extension campaigns…decided by…pathologists of the various sections [of the country] since these are in most cases regional problems and can not be wisely decided by the Board for the country as a whole.” It also planned to increase “the supply of young pathological workers,” including through “special war emergency short courses…with a view to prepare the students for more effective work on the farms this coming season,” and to intensify research on “problems of a distinctly emergency nature.” Two diseases are mentioned specifically in the report as the targets of “cooperative research on a broad scale:” smut of cereals, “since this loss can be prevented easily at a cost not exceeding 3 cents per acre for materials and labor”; and the eradication of common barberry, because of its “link in the life history of stem rust of wheat in the upper Mississippi valley.” No doubt, these two priorities reflected the influence of Stakman as the commissioner leading the work on emergency research.

To better communicate its plan of action (note the goal of attracting some public recognition), the board adopted resolutions prefaced with this statement: “never before has there been such urgent need for control work in order that the food supply may be increased, while at the same time the general application of control measures will be rendered very difficult on account of the serious shortage of farm labor, making

22 it almost impossible for the farmer to undertake any work not absolutely essential.” By publishing the minutes in Science rather than the Society’s own Phytopathology, the members of the board clearly showed their desire for their work to be known to the entire scientific community and not just among their own colleagues and fellow members of APS. It is also noteworthy that they referred to themselves for purposes of this report as “The War Emergency Board of American Plant Pathologists,” not of The American Phytopathological Society. The board’s final action at this meeting was to lay out plans for a publicity campaign “to get this information to the public,” emphasizing that “pathologists should publish articles in newspapers and popular magazines and … embrace every opportunity to deliver popular lectures on pathological subjects.” Thus began the APS commitment to public education and outreach.

War Emergency Committee—and the First APS Position Statement The War Emergency Committee of APS (WECAPS), formed in the fall of 1941, had a much larger membership than the War Emergency Board some 25 years earlier, and was organized around both regions and priority areas. E. C. Stakman, a key member of the War Emergency Board, was chair of the WECAPS. The regional organization was divided into the Northeastern, Middle Atlantic, Southern, Upper Mississippi Valley, and Pacific Coast areas. The Canadian Phytopathological Society took up similar functions and responsibilities and expanded the membership of the WECAPS with representation from each province of Canada. Each region was represented by a chair and at least one person from each state or province within that region. Some regions set up subcommittees around the major crops grown in that region. Extension became a major focus of the WECAPS, including on the Canadian side, to ensure that results were not just being published in scientific journals and advancing the science but were also being put into practice by farmers. A membership list provided by R. J. Haskell, senior extension plant pathologist at USDA in Washington, DC, included 81 names, making this one of the largest, perhaps the largest, APS committee ever formed.

In addition to the subcommittees formed around crops within some regions, the parent group WECAPS was further organized into subcommittees focusing on Seed Certification, Fungicides, Quarantine, Plant Disease Survey, Extension, and Members at Large. Two actions initiated in 1942, the first by the Quarantine Subcommittee and the second by the Fungicide Subcommittee, will serve to illustrate the roles played by the WECAPS in addressing the nation’s wartime interests.

On February 21, 1942, the USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, in a letter from Senior Pathologist W. A. McCubbins to E. C. Stakman, expressed concern that “the stress of war conditions will develop a tendency to disregard and impatiently over- ride plant quarantine restrictions as safeguards as matters of trivial present importance.” In response to this letter, WECAPS produced the first policy statement provided to the federal government by APS:

The War Emergency Board of The American Phytopathological Society emphasizes the permanent national value of the plant quarantine system designed to exclude or to limit the spread of injurious foreign insects and diseases, and urges that this protection be maintained intact in its essentials in war, as well as peace.

The Board believes that when war emergency needs and quarantine protection are considered realistically together in true perspective, it will be apparent to all State and Federal officials or agencies having directive, judicial, or advisory relations to foreign plant importations, that injurious foreign pests may be potentially as dangerous as human enemies, particularly since their work of destruction is likely to go on forever after they become established here; that it does not seem wise to jeopardize the welfare of this country for countless generations to come by temporary abandonment or weakening of vital quarantine safeguards; that modifications in those plant quarantine procedures

23 which involve no actual pest risk features can and should be made when necessary to meet national emergency needs; but that essential features of plant quarantine procedure intimately concerned with specific diseases or insect risks should continue to be faithfully observed.

That same month, in a memorandum dated March 16, 1942, R. J. Haskell alerted the nation’s “Extension Specialists in Plant Pathology and Horticulture” to the concern over meeting the needs of agriculture for spray materials and seed disinfectants and informed them of his success in “obtaining a recognition of the importance of fungicides in food production and in insuring a reasonable supply of materials for producing this year’s crops.” His memo went on to state that his office had “requested Dr. J. G. Horsfall, plant pathologist at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station…to furnish a statement on ‘stretching’ spray materials and disinfectants.” Horsfall, as chair of the WECAPS Fungicide Subcommittee, with members S. E. A. McCallan, J. G. Leach, and M. B. Moore, made a list of 23 materials with possibilities as substitutes for currently used fungicides, identified “equipment priorities” regarding dusting and spraying machinery, and recommended careful attention to correct diagnosis in order to eliminate unnecessary treatments. In a memorandum to the wider WECAPS, addressed to “Pathologists in Charge” and dated March 20, 1942, Horsfall with his classic flair wrote:

Gentlemen: It is interesting that war on our enemies and war on fungi demand almost identical munitions. Since present facilities cannot supply the total required, some compromises need to be derived. No one would want the primary war effort to suffer. Clearly then, we who must deal with food supplies and the fungicides to protect them face an inescapable situation of scarcity of material that we formerly accepted as plentiful.

The memo goes on to project likely shortages and outline the subcommittee’s recommendations.

This subcommittee was also asked by the U.S. War Food Administration in early 1942 to study proposed revisions of the Federal Insecticide Act. The subcommittee completed its study and proposed revisions of the Act. This may have been the first of many times that APS has been requested to provide input or has voluntarily responded to proposed legislation and policy initiatives of the federal government.

National Service During the Cold War and Vietnam War Eras In a spirit of national service and cooperation similar to that characterizing the establishment of the War Emergency Board and the War Emergency Committee, and later the response to September 11, 2001, the Society organized an effort during the 1960s to aid the U.S. Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization in its responsibility for the protection of crops against biological and chemical warfare and the protection of agricultural resources from radioactive fallout. The Temporary Committee for Aiding the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, chaired by Axel Andersen, was appointed for this purpose. The committee’s 1961 “Report to the President of The American Phytopathological Society on the Role that the Society Might Play in Aiding Civil Defense” opens with this statement: “The committee has endeavored to compile ideas and reactions regarding the role that The American Phytopathological Society might play in aiding civil defense by contacting several members of the society in the various parts of the United States including individuals that are already actively engaged in projects involving both the offensive and defensive aspects of biological warfare on plants.”

In the course of its investigations, the committee learned and reported that the USDA Agricultural Research Service had been given broad responsibility for programs for the “control or eradication of diseases, pests, or chemicals introduced as agents of biological or chemical warfare against animals, crops or products.” The report goes on: “Thus it appears…that the United States Department of Agriculture already has a well- established program in operation. This, however, is unknown to many members of The

24 American Phytopathological Society….Dr. Rodenheiser has made the suggestion that our committee ‘review the whole field of responsibility’…in a session at one of our national meetings. The committee and others believe that…this report should be brought to the attention of A.P.S. members as soon as possible, preferably at the Biloxi meetings in December [1961].”

In 1962, the temporary committee became the Special Committee for Coordination with Office of Defense Mobilization, chaired by John Mitchell. Apparently looking to serve the nation in other ways, this committee reported that “7 important organizations were notified of the appointment of this special committee on defense,” including “9 military agencies” on “utilization of plant pathologists in military service.” The name of the committee was changed in 1963 to the Committee on Coordination with Office of Civil Defense, still chaired by Mitchell. Referring to a resolution that had been passed at the Biloxi meetings on the need for a “Plant Disease Detection and Reporting System in the U.S,” the committee’s 1963 report stated that “Resolutions as such have little value in matters such as these and that vigorous action on the part of all pathologists in general will be required if the objectives of the Resolution are to be effected.” The committee recommended a joint meeting with the Committee on Regulatory Work and Foreign Plant Diseases “to consider what action is to be taken and the responsibilities for initiating such action.”

The appointment of this committee was allowed to expire with the 1963 report, but was reactivated in 1968, during the Vietnam War, as the Committee on Utilization of Personnel in the Armed Forces. J. E. Mitchell was reappointed as chair. The committee reported in 1969 that “the possibility that plant pathology students being drafted will be assigned to some activity utilizing their training is, at present, remote. The Army Biological Laboratories at Fort Detrick…are not able to request personnel by name and…openings are filled by the first biologists whose card passes through the computer.” The report continued, “there is no evidence that [men who are inducted] are given assignments commensurate with their training” and noted that “the number of men affected has increased substantially in recent months as those reclassified during the year were ordered to report for induction.” Having met with almost no success, this committee, with Axel Andersen as chair, filed its final report in 1970.

The same year that the Committee on Utilization of Personnel in the Armed Forces was discontinued, President D. E. Ellis appointed the ad hoc Committee for the Study of Herbicide Effects in Vietnam, chaired by E. A. Curl and charged to work with the Soil Microbiology Committee to “make recommendations with regard to the role of APS in such a study.” The committee appointments were extended the following year by President Thor Kommedahl as the Special Herbicide Study Committee with the charge to “cooperate in an advisory capacity with the Herbicide Assessment Commission of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).” The purpose of the AAAS effort was to formulate research objectives and procedures for a proposed long-range study of herbicide effects on agriculture in the affected areas. In addition to the five-member Special Herbicide Study Committee chaired by Curl, the APS effort in cooperation with AAAS included an advisory panel of eight plant pathologists plus six members of the APS executive committee as representatives. APS interest in the joint effort focused on possible plant disease problems that might be related to the use of herbicides. AAAS had opposed the use of herbicides in Vietnam. The ad hoc committee’s work was considered complete as of June 1972, with the submission of an “extensive outline of suggested objectives and procedures for use by the AAAS as reference in planning a plant pathological phase of research as part of an overall program of integrated disciplines.”

Outreach to Biology Teachers and High School Students An ongoing and outstanding example of national service and outreach, and another positive contribution to the APS public image, was started during the 1960s with the appointment of a Special Committee on American Biology Teacher, chaired by G. L. McNew of Boyce Thompson Institute. This committee drew up a syllabus that outlined a

25 series of brief articles for a special issue of the American Biology Teacher, including articles on the profession of plant pathology, causes of plant diseases, fluctuations in prevalence of plant diseases, control of plant diseases, the plant pathologist’s role in agricultural operations, and the place of plant pathology information in the curriculum of a high school course in general biology. The 40+ manuscripts for this issue were completed in 1965 and published in 1967.

Five years later, Harlan Smith suggested in a letter to Potomac Division Councilor M. E. Gallegly, dated March 24, 1972, that APS consider the need to work with youth. At the Mexico City meeting, Council decided to ask plant pathology department heads whether APS should establish a special committee on youth. In 1982, a group led by Walker Miller wrote to Council requesting the appointment of an ad hoc committee on youth programs in plant pathology. Council followed this recommendation and appointed the Special Committee on Youth Programs in 1983, with Walker Miller as chair. The committee, which became a standing committee in 1987, laid plans that would follow the lead that the Special Committee on American Biology Teacher had started 20 years earlier: to focus on integration of information on the science and practice of plant pathology into curricula and on reading and teaching materials for high school biology teaching and learning. In its 1985 report, the committee stated that it planned to “write or coordinate the writing of articles for science teachers to be published in the American Biology Teacher and Science of Food and Agriculture.”

Starting in 1991, the Public Relations and Youth Programs committees hosted the first annual high school science student-teacher luncheon and tour of posters “for the purpose of publicizing plant pathology.” The Youth Programs Committee has also sponsored workshops for middle and high school biology teachers. One such workshop at the 1996 annual meeting in Indianapolis entitled “Plant Pathology for Middle and High School Biology Teachers” included lectures on plant pathogens as useful tools in teaching biological science and experiments that gave the participants hands-on experience. Among the handouts, participants were given a copy of Learning Biology with Plant Pathology, authored by committee member Juliet Carrol (13), as a joint effort of the Youth Programs Committee and the National Association of Biology Teachers.

The Intersociety Consortium for Plant Protection (ISCPP) APS had long considered the need for a “legislative committee” that would monitor federal legislation and policy relevant to the science and practice of plant pathology. In 1976, for example, and based on concepts developed and provided by immediate past president James Tammen, Council authorized the Public Responsibilities Committee with responsibility for advising “the President of the Society upon legislation related to our science and profession, and programs and policies of various government agencies.” The first attempt of APS to have a structured “Washington presence” with direct and personal involvement of APS officers also happened under the leadership of James Tammen, during his term as president of APS in 1975. Tammen proposed in concept an Intersociety Consortium for Plant Protection (ISCPP) with membership from APS, the Entomological Society of America, the Weed Science Society of America, and the Society of Nematologists. Council approved APS membership in the ISCPP in 1976. The other three societies then followed suit. The representation from these societies consisted of the officers, typically the president, president-elect, and immediate past president or vice president. The position of chair of the ISCPP rotated among the four societies. Meetings were held at a venue somewhere in Washington, DC, four times each year, with invitations extended mainly to leaders within the executive branch (e.g., USDA, National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]) to meet with ISCPP at a specified time and place and with a specified agenda. The ISCPP representatives also visited legislative and executive branch offices, identifying their organization as representing more than 20,000 members nationally in the plant protection sciences.

In 1986, ISCPP sent a letter to EPA objecting to the restrictive interim policies on small- scale field tests of microbial biocontrol agents, arguing that genetically unaltered and most genetically altered microbial biocontrol agents need not be regulated when tested in

26 small field trails. In 1987, ISCPP undertook sponsorship and funding of a Congressional Science Fellow to function under the auspices of the AAAS Congressional Science Fellow program and to serve for one year free of charge on the staff of a member of Congress or legislative committee. Charles Delp was selected as the first and as it turned out the only ISCPP Congressional Science Fellow. The Entomological Society of America decided to withdraw from ISCPP in 1987, and at the 1989 annual meeting of APS, Council decided that after two years of inactivity of the consortium, APS would also withdraw its participation. And so ended the ISCPP.

The National Plant Pathology Board (now Public Policy Board) The current APS presence in Washington through the Public Policy Board (PPB) traces to the appointment of the National Plant Pathology Board (NPPB) by President George Agrios in 1991. The idea to form this board originated with APS member Clifford Gabriel, who was then working as a staff person in the Office of Science and Technology (the White House science office). APS Council approved formation of the NPPB in March 1991, with founding members R. James Cook, Clifford Gabriel, Arthur Kelman, Luis Sequeira, Sue Tolin, and Anne Vidaver as chair. The purpose set forth was to “serve as the liaison between The American Phytopathological Society and the various federal, private, and public advocacy groups in Washington and elsewhere; to keep our Society officers and membership informed of new proposals, regulations, legislation, or other developments at the national level that might be of importance or of concern to our Society and to our membership; to advise our Society officers on actions that need to be taken on such matters; and, when a reply or action to any such matter is needed urgently, to work with the President of our Society and to formulate and present such a reply or take the necessary action on behalf of our Society.” In other words, the NPPB was given almost free rein to serve and represent APS in public policy discussions and responses.

The accomplishments of the NPPB and subsequently the PPB at the federal level have been profound. Among the early examples: The NPPB organized a briefing on “Microbial Diversity” at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History, which led to the inclusion of the role of microorganisms in the prospective National Biological Survey sponsored by the Department of the Interior. APS President William Fry represented the Society in a congressional briefing in 1996 on “Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases,” convened and moderated by NPPB chair Anne Vidaver. Also in 1996, the NPPB prepared a fact sheet on Karnal bunt for distribution via APSnet and produced a position statement on the “Use of Quarantines for Wheat Karnal Bunt” (Table 1) that led to a policy change in how the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) responds to this pathogen. The board also provided comments on proposed APHIS “procedures for dealing with transgenic plants” and developed a position paper in 1999 on “Biological Weapons” (Table 1) that was subsequently adopted by APS Council.

Table 1. Position Statements of The American Phytopathological Society • Statement Issued by the War Emergency Committee of APS to USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine on the Importance of Not Compromising U.S Quarantine Standards During The War Effort, 1942 • APS Statement on World Population and the Food Supply, 1985 • Long Range Research Goals for Plant Pathology, 1986 (30) • Medicines for Plant Health: Fungicides, 1990 • Research on Plant Disease and Pest Management is Essential to Sustainable Agriculture, 1995 (17) • Use of Quarantines for Wheat Karnal Bunt, 1996 • Certification and The American Phytopathological Society, 1998 • APS Position on Biological Weapons, 1999 • APS Resolution on Wood Importation, 1999 • APS Statement on Biotechnology, 2000 • APS Statement on Biotechnology and its Application to Plant Pathology, 2001 • Policy Guidelines of the APS Publications Board in the Handling of Manuscripts Dealing With Crop Biosecurity and Agricultural Bioterrorism Issues, 2003 • On The Teaching of Evolution and Intelligent Design (ID), 2005

27 Response to the EPA “Proposed Rule on Plant Pesticides” One of the most significant early undertakings of the NPPB was in response to an EPA Proposed Rule to subject the commercial use of disease- and pest-resistance genes and their products to approval under authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) on the grounds that these are “substances or mixtures of substances intended for pest control” and therefore meet the FIFRA definition of a pesticide. The NPPB members, joined by APS members Roger Beachy and David Gilchrist, led a multisociety effort, ultimately joined by 10 other professional scientific societies and representing 80,000 members, to provide alternatives to what became known as the EPA “Proposed Rule on Plant Pesticides.” In addition to comments provided by APS as a Society, the 11-member multisociety consortium, led by the Tri-Societies and the Institute of Food Technologists, produced its own proposal under the title “Appropriate Oversight for Plants with Inherited Traits for Resistance to Pests” (15). The NPPB then took the lead in producing a “Decision Guide for EPA Review of Plants with Inherited Traits for Resistance to Pests.” The Council on Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) produced a similar position statement opposing the rule and especially use of the term “plant pesticide” for genes and their products intended for disease and pest control. Arthur Kelman, representing CAST, and I, representing the 11-member multisociety consortium, were each invited to testify on the proposed EPA rule before the Risk Management, Research, and Specialty Crops Subcommittee and the Department Operations, Oversight, Nutrition, and Forestry Subcommittees of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture. Although EPA’s authority for oversight of traits introduced for disease and pest control has prevailed specifically for transgenic traits, the term “plant pesticide” was replaced in the final rule with “plant-expressed protectant,” a term supported by the NPPB.

The Office of Public Affairs and Education (now Office of Public Relations and Outreach) In 1995 APS Council approved formation of the Office of Public Affairs and Education (OPAE) to “focus and coordinate the many activities of our Society in public outreach.” The OPAE mission statement reads: “The mission of the APS Office of Public Affairs and Education would be to educate the public and work with other professional societies to influence public policy.” Anne Vidaver, still serving as chair of the NPPB, was appointed interim director of OPAE. Gary Bergstrom was appointed as the first director in 1996, and the first advisory board to OPAE was appointed in 1997. To assure full coordination and cooperation, OPAE Advisory Board members were assigned liaison responsibilities with, respectively, the Office of Electronic Communications and the Extension, Youth Programs, Industry, Sustaining Associates, Private Practice, and Teaching committees. In addition, the chairs of the PPB and the Communications Committee, the APSnet Feature Editor, and the APS President or her or his designee served on the OPAE Advisory Board as ex officio voting members. In 2007, this office was renamed the Office of Public Relations and Outreach.

The First (and Current) Paid Professional Consultant in Washington In 1999, under the auspices of the OPAE, the NPPB raised a question that had been raised many times in the history of APS: whether it was time that APS had a paid professional “Washington presence.” Council turned down the request during its 2000 midyear meeting, but kept the question open for further study and then approved and funded the proposal later that year. Eversole and Associates was hired on a part-time basis to fulfill this role. The services of Eversole and Associates have taken the work of the PPB and OPAE to a new level in advising the executive and legislative branches of government on matters of federal funding for research, regulatory issues, and other public policies and in alerting the Society to key bills in Congress and federal proposed rules with implications for the science and practice of plant pathology.

APS Response Following 9-11-01 With the credibility and trust developed over the previous 10-year period as a result of its interactions with the federal government, and with Eversole and Associates as

28 its “Washington presence,” APS was ideally positioned following the September 11, 2001, attacks to advise on strategies for protecting U.S. plant-based agriculture against a possible bioterrorist attack. President Noel Keen appointed an ad hoc Bioterrorism Committee in early 2002, which he asked me to chair. We produced a white paper in February 2002 that the PPB used as a basis for both recommendations to the USDA and a congressional briefing. This first white paper was followed by two more in October 2002 and May 2003, respectively, and all three were placed on APSnet.

Two key recommendations were that the United States needs 1) a distributed system of diagnostic labs as first responders to any bioterrorist threat, and 2) a national laboratory for plants that can provide many of the same services and national leadership currently provided for human diseases by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The first recommendation led within a year to construction of the National Plant Diagnostic Network, administered under the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), with a target of spring 2004 to connect with diagnostic labs in all 50 states (12). As a follow-up on the second recommendation, the PPB and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security cosponsored a workshop in Washington, DC, in July 2003 that brought together representatives of several government agencies to discuss the need for and possible infrastructure for what has become known as a National Center for Plant Biosecurity. The PPB on behalf of APS, and now with support from the Entomological Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Society of Nematologists, and Council on Agricultural Science and Technology, continues to advocate for this Center.

Legislation following the September 11 attacks included a requirement for the development of a list of microbial agents, known as the “Select Agent List,” with potential for use in a bioterrorist attack. Separate lists were required for agents affecting humans, animals, and plants. The Select Agent List for Plants—initially a list of 13 plant pathogens—presented by the USDA-APHIS for discussion at the 2002 annual meeting in Milwaukee included Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, P. striiformis, Phytophthora infestans, and Magnaporthae griseus. Through continued review and discussions with the PPB following this meeting, these four pathogens were removed from the list, thereby avoiding for these common pathogens (as unnecessary) the stringent restrictions that were specified by legislation for working with the pathogens on the Select Agent List.

Focus on Genome Sequencing A major focus of the PPB during the past five years, one justified in part as a component of biosecurity, has been obtaining support for genome sequencing of plant-associated microorganisms and development of a process for generating a sequencing priority list. This effort has been led by PPB members Jan Leach and Scott Gold. With funding provided by USDA, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy, Leach and Gold organized and cochaired a workshop in April 2002 in Washington, DC, on “Genomic Analysis of Plant-Associated Microbes.” This was followed with a white paper on the topic issued in 2003. This effort, which spread an awareness among federal funding agencies of the scientific and practical significance of the genomes of plant pathogens and other plant-associated microorganisms, has been so successful that the PPB has had to regularly replace species that have been sequenced with additional species recommended through periodic surveys of the APS membership (20).

Affiliations The most enduring effort of APS in looking outward beyond itself has been its tradition of maintaining relationships through representatives to other scientific societies and consortia. APS has maintained relations through representation to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for its entire 100 years and met jointly with AAAS for each of its first 33 years as a professional scientific society (32). APS representation in the 1960s with the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council (NRC) through the Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) provided the Society with some of its earliest opportunities for public service and outreach. The

29 ARI has since been replaced by the NRC Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources (BANR), whose members are now appointed by the NRC for three-year terms. O. W. Barnett pointed out in his 1992 President’s Report that three of the 15 members of this board were APS members that year. Other long-term relations through representatives Over the past year we include the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS), American Type Culture Collection, Biological Stain Commission, International Society for Arboriculture, and have dramatically International Society for Plant Pathology. improved our relations APS joined and appointed its first representative to the Council of Agricultural Science with sister societies in and Technology (CAST) in 1975. CAST is a not-for-profit organization headquartered agricultural sciences. in Ames, IA, that strives to bring science-based information to “legislators, regulators, Through our efforts to policy makers, the media, the private sector and the public” (http://www.cast-science.org). Starting in 1991, APS joined the Coalition on Funding Agricultural Research Missions hold joint annual (CoFARM), a Washington-based coalition formed in 1990 with some 20 member- meetings and our efforts societies representing the plant, animal, food, microbiological, and plant protection sciences (http://www.cofarm.org/). While CAST focuses on communicating the best and to publish an online latest information in the agricultural sciences, CoFARM targets funding for agricultural journal/magazine in research. APS appoints a representative to CAST, usually for a three-year term, whereas IPM, we have developed representation on CoFARM has usually fallen on one of the Society’s officers. APS has also joined and appoints a representative to the Coalition for Education in the Life much stronger linkages to Sciences, whose mission is to work with professional societies to strengthen undergraduate professional organizations education in the life sciences.

in entomology, weed During the past 25 years APS has moved away from joint meetings with large umbrella science, nematology, scientific societies, such as AAAS and AIBS, and meets instead with sister scientific and mycology. societies such as the Canadian Phytopathological Society, the Entomological Society of America, the Mycological Society of America, and the Society of Nematologists. In his – L. Madden, 1997 1997 President’s Report, Larry Madden wrote: “Over the past year we have dramatically improved our relations with sister societies in agricultural sciences. Through our efforts to hold joint annual meetings and our efforts to publish an online journal/magazine in IPM, we have developed much stronger linkages to professional organizations in entomology, weed science, nematology, and mycology.”

International Service and Outreach

Beginning with the statement of purpose at that December 1908 organizational meeting for an American plant pathology society held in Baltimore—“and that its influence may be made of international importance”—and with the addition of “An International Journal” to the name of Phytopathology in 1924, APS has aspired to extend its leadership, service, and promotion of plant pathology globally. Outreach by the Society to the international community of plant pathologists at the end of World War II through the newly formed International Cooperation Committee chaired by E. C. Stakman was truly laudatory (see below). Similarly, the program designed to celebrate the first 50 years of APS was international in scope, with roughly a third of the 60 symposium talks presented by speakers from outside the United States.

APS also played a mentoring if not leadership role in the formation of other professional societies of plant pathology, including the Canadian Phytopathological Society in 1930, following the formation of the Canadian Division of APS in 1918, the Caribbean Division of APS in 1961, the Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología (James G. Harrar was the first president) in 1967, and the International Society for Plant Pathology (ISPP) in 1968. APS held its first annual meeting outside the borders of the United States in Mexico City in 1972. Interestingly, APS met jointly with the ISPP and hosted the Second International Congress of Plant Pathology in Minneapolis in 1973; met jointly with the Canadian Phytopathological Society in Vancouver in 1974; and met jointly with and played major leadership roles in the Ninth International Congress of Plant Protection in Washington, DC, in 1979—four annual meetings in the 1970s highlighting international cooperation.

30 Leadership through the International Cooperation Committee Organized efforts on the part of APS to foster international cooperation go back at least as far as 1943, with the establishment of the Committee on Reorganization of International Cooperation. It was only natural that E. C. Stakman, as chair of the War Emergency Committee of APS, would also be asked to serve as chair of this new committee. The fact that the committee name referenced “reorganization” implies that work toward international cooperation had been ongoing before 1943. The first report of this committee in 1944 proposed three categories for sharing information internationally: disease-resistant varieties; outbreaks of new or unusual diseases; and new and improved methods and materials for plant disease control. The committee suggested that this information where useful be published in Phytopathology to make it “generally and promptly available.”

Starting in 1945 with the end of the war, the committee through Howard Barss, at that time with the USDA Office of Experiment Stations, contacted the Agricultural Attaché at the U.S. Embassy in Paris in an attempt to get information on plant pathologists functioning in the “liberated countries.” In a letter to the committee dated May 29, 1945, Barss relayed the response, “that the situation in the liberated countries at the present time was so confused with so many changes in the personnel set-up in official circles and that those connected with our embassies were so frantically busy with the relief situation that he would suggest waiting…about six months before approaching our representatives with any request for information of this sort.” In fact, a list of contacts was provided with the help of Barss by early 1946; referred to as “a preliminary list only,” it included one name each in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, England, Holland, Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, and Peru. Presumably with this list of names and more added, the 1946 report of the Committee on International Cooperation states that “to help our foreign colleagues…the 1946  Summary of Nationwide Tests with Newer Fungicides [was sent] to leading plant pathologists in European countries,” and to the same addresses, in August, through these countries’ embassies in Washington, “a copy of the 1947 Summary (Plant Disease Reporter Supplement 176) with the compliments of the Committee.”

While there is no record of any response from the international community to these documents provided by the committee, nor was a response expected, the sharing of the documents and especially their timing make these gestures as significant and meaningful as anything done for the international community of plant pathologists in the 100-year history of APS.

E. C. Stakman remained chair of the International Cooperation Committee for 15 years—through 1958, when Frederick Wellman  took over. Stakman used this committee as one of his outreach platforms while he traveled the world. In 1957, for example, he made trips to Pakistan, Lebanon, J. G. Harrar (left) Germany, and Mexico, where he “made particular effort to help facilitate rapid exchange and E. C. Stakman, of literature and communications between organizations and individuals with common two of the most interests.” He added in this committee report that “Steps have been taken also to bring influential members of APS in national and about closer collaboration with a number of phytopathologists in Germany, as relations international have not yet returned [to normal since the war].” programs and service.

Possibly the single biggest accomplishment of the International Cooperation Committee during its early years was the establishment of international nurseries for tests of varietal resistance of crops to diseases, with a particular focus on tests in Latin America for resistance of wheat varieties to rusts. This effort, started in 1957, was led by H. A. Rodenheiser and facilitated by J. G. Harrar, by then Director of Agriculture for the Rockefeller Foundation in Mexico. Norman Borlaug (7), in his response to his 2007 APS Award of Distinction, commented that following the 15B stem rust epidemic in North America in the early 1950s, “Rodenheiser, USDA’s chief plant pathologist, set up

31 an international wheat rust nursery, first in 17 countries in the Americas, from Canada to Argentina and Chile; later, it became a world testing organization.” Rodenheiser and Harrar were both members of the International Cooperation Committee during these years, Harrar since its founding in 1943.

Formation of the Caribbean Division Starting in the 1960s, the International Cooperation Committee began to focus more on cooperation with plant pathologists in the tropics of Central and South America. Meanwhile, plant pathologists in Central America had been interested for some time in forming an organization to serve as a working group for plant pathology in the tropics and to link them to their U.S. counterparts. According to records maintained by José Amador, B. H. Waite wrote a letter to D. H. Raddler of the United Fruit Company on July 14, 1959, reporting the interest expressed at a recent meeting to establish a “Section” of APS similar to the APS Divisions. Frederick L. Wellman, then chair of the International Cooperation Committee, received a copy of this letter and discussed the proposal with members of APS. The following year, Council approved the formation of what was tentatively called a “tropical division” of APS at the annual meeting held in Green Lake, WI. The name Caribbean Division was formally adopted at the first meeting of this division, held jointly with the American Horticultural Society in Miami in 1961. Wellman was elected as the first president.

International Distribution of APS Publications Continuing efforts going back to the 1940s, the International Cooperation Committee worked to facilitate improved communications among plant pathologists, arranging a list of pathology societies worldwide (to be included in the 1963 APS directory being planned), assembling resources such as slide sets and published material on tropical plant diseases, preparing a list of Spanish-English common names of plant diseases and a Spanish-English glossary of terms in plant pathology, and identifying “underfunded, small international experiment stations which are not receiving Phytopathology.”

One recommendation was that Phytopathology be printed in languages in addition to English. The Committee on Publications recommended against this proposal, stating in their report at the Amherst meeting that “while we want to see APS and its program become increasingly international in scope, it was our judgment that there are too many inherent difficulties in this approach to make it very effective.…we would have few takers and a potpourri from those responding.”

Efforts to bring APS journals and books to departments and research stations in countries lacking foreign exchange or otherwise unable to afford these resources have been continued under the auspices of the Office of International Programs (OIP). OIP was formalized in 1986 to promote worldwide interaction among plant pathologists and other scientists. In 2004, APS joined the TEEAL Initiative (The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library) created to help agricultural scientists in developing countries have access to journals in the agricultural sciences on CD-ROMs. Beginning with the September 2004 release, Phytopathology, Plant Disease, and MPMI became three of the more than 140 journals available on CD-ROMs through the TEEAL catalog of text and images.

International Special Projects Committee The International Special Projects Committee appointed by Kelman in 1967 reported the following year that they had invited “other professional societies in the pest control field…to cooperate with APS to ascertain the possibility of making a joint presentation …to responsible government officials” regarding the danger of crop losses due to plant pests or climatic conditions “if people in underdeveloped nations are to be fed.” Curiously, there is little or no information on the outcome of this proposal or how or whether this committee worked with the International Cooperation Committee. Moreover, neither committee played a role on behalf of APS in either the First International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP), held in 1968 in London (5), or the

32 formation during that congress of the International Society of Plant Pathology (ISPP). Roy Young submitted proposals on behalf of APS to major funding agencies for funds to “assist members in travel to the First International Congress of Plant Pathology,” and Harold Flor in his 1968 Report of the President announced that the organizers of the congress had asked APS to name five nominees to the Council of the newly formed ISPP. Kelman was named one of two vice presidents of the new ISPP at the congress and went on to become president of ISPP during the second ICCP, hosted by APS and held in 1973 on the campus of the University of Minnesota.

Participation in the Debate on World Population and the Food Supply Probably the most significant role of the International Cooperation Committee in formulation of APS policy was its sponsorship of the discussions initiated by William Paddock in the all-society symposium, “The World Food-Population Confrontation— Implications for Phytopathologists,” at the 1975 APS joint meeting with the Society of Nematologists in Houston. What became known as the Paddock proposal (33), challenged by John Niederhauser (41), was that plant pathologists not share or otherwise provide information, expertise, or technology on plant disease control with countries lacking a policy for control of their population growth. Ten years later, in what apparently was its last contribution before being replaced by the Office of International Programs, the International Cooperation Committee helped Council develop the Society’s food and population resolution approved by the membership at the 1985 annual meeting in Reno (28). This resolution reads:

Recognizing that the continuing increase in the world’s population and the concomitant need to increase food production and availability are major problems confronting mankind, the APS reaffirms its commitment to encourage plant health research and education, particularly in developing countries. The APS urges its members to make available their knowledge and expertise in plant disease control to countries affected by food shortages. Further, the APS pledges to provide technical guidance and rapid transfer of information to the international community and supports all efforts to increase food supplies in developing countries. However, the APS further recognizes that the earth has a finite carrying capacity for the human species, and that improvements in agricultural technology cannot be expected to cope indefinitely with the needs of constantly increasing populations.

The theme of the APS annual meeting in Orlando the following year was “International Cooperation,” and the title of the plenary session introduced by President Luis Sequeira was “Food and Population: A World Challenge to Plant Pathology.” Following this plenary session, Charles Delp, Intersociety Consortium for Plant Protection (ISCPP) Congressional Science Fellow, introduced a panel and led an open forum for further discussions on international issues. Also at this meeting, the APS Council created the Office of International Programs (OIP), with its own advisory board, to replace the International Cooperation Committee. Delp was the first director. OIP would go on to create its own infrastructure of subcommittees and help bring international programs and opportunities for plant pathology and plant pathologists to an entirely new level that continues to this day. Among its many activities and actions: OIP hosts a booth each year at the annual meeting as a meeting site for APS members interested in international activities; sponsors a Library Assistance Program developed by the International Cooperation Committee in the 1970s that provides books, journals, CDs, slides, and other resources to libraries in developing countries; and regularly sponsors symposia and discussion sessions on international interests. OIP also developed a modified Population and World Hunger statement approved by Council in 1993.

Growth in the “Internationalization” of APS More than any specific international committee, office, program, or policy statement, as important as these are, there is no better evidence of the maturation of APS in international leadership and cooperation than the growth in Society membership and

33 in the percentage of papers submitted to APS journals from outside the United States. For example, in the year of the Orlando meeting with its theme of “International Cooperation,” Phytopathology Editor-in-Chief Greg Shaner reported that 15% of papers published in the journal were from international contributors representing 15 countries. For the year ending June 1991, Phytopathology Editor-in-Chief Laurence Madden reported that 22% of the research articles were from international contributors, representing 17 countries. And during the 12-month period ending June 1999, 51% of the papers published in Phytopathology were from international authors, outnumbering those submitted by U.S. authors. The trend has been similar for Plant Disease. The percentage of members living outside the United States also grew rapidly during the 1990s, reaching a relatively stable 31% starting in 1997, and recently climbing to 34% in 2006 and 2007. Four percent of members are Canadian.

Equally indicative of the international nature of APS is the number of members from outside the United States honored each year with an APS award. Commonly, one- fourth to one-third of the Fellow awards go to international members, and the Ruth Allen award has been given to an international member at about this same frequency. At the 2007 meeting in San Diego, both the Ruth Allen and the Noel Keen awards went to international members. The Society added the International Service Award in 1998 as part of the annual Awards and Honors, to recognize “outstanding contributions to plant pathology by an APS member for a country other than his or her own.” The APS Foundation also developed an international dimension with the establishment by John and Anne Niederhauser of the JANE fund in 1990 as a source of grants to support research internationally on diseases caused by Phytophthora species, and gifts to the Foundation have established two funds for international students and early career scientists to attend an annual meeting of APS (discussed further below).

Support of Colleagues in Italy on Research Involving Biotechnology Applications In a decision clearly consistent with “international cooperation” and apparently without precedent, APS in 2001 supported a petition signed by scientists in Italy protesting a unilateral threat by the Italian Minister of Agriculture to withdraw funding for research involving biotechnology. The statement developed by APS, signed by APS President Steve Slack, and sent to the agricultural ministry in Italy reads: The American Phytopathological Society supports responsible application of biotechnology for the improvement of plant health and productivity, because it has given us new insights into plant/pathogen interactions and new approaches to sustainable management of plant diseases. The American Phytopathological Society endorses the petition signed by Italian scientists to protest the unilateral threat by the Italian Minister of Agriculture of withdrawal of funding for research involving biotechnology. This unilateral imposition of ideology without proper public debate is unacceptable. Its effect upon the potential benefits of biotechnology research conducted by Italian scientists will not only lessen the quality of Italian science but could deny food security to people of the whole world. This action of the Italian Minister is not reflective of sound judgment or reasoning and strikes at the very core of the application of democratic principles in a free society. Your efforts to obtain withdrawal of this decree are supported by our Society.

Scientific Exchanges with the Chinese Society for Plant Pathology The Society’s most recent outreach effort in international cooperation was the decision approved by Council in 2006 to send an official delegation of APS leaders to China in May 2007. The delegation met with leaders of the Chinese Society for Plant Pathology (CSPP) in Beijing, where CSPP President You-Liang Peng and APS President Jan Leach cosigned an agreement on short-term collaborations between the two societies. Such an exchange was actually first suggested by the New [Special] Projects Committee in the mid-1970s following the Shanghai Accord signed in 1972 that opened up scientific and cultural exchanges with the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Already in 1974, for example, Arthur Kelman and Norman Borlaug served as members of the U.S.

34 Plant Studies Delegation to the PRC, sponsored as a scientific exchange between the U.S National Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academica Sinica. In 1976, Alan Roelfs and I served on the U.S. Wheat Studies Delegation to the PRC, another scientific exchange between the two academies. The 1974 report of the New Projects Committee summed up its discussion with the questions: “China visits by scientists? Who should go?”

In August 1979, Peter H. Tsao, a member of the International Cooperation Committee, developed “A  Tentative Proposal on Agreement and Scientific Exchange and Cooperation between Chinese Society of Plant Protection (CSPP) and The American Phytopathological Society (APS).” The agreement was written “for consideration” of Shen Chi-yi and Chiu Wei-fan, vice presidents of CSPP, but was either never sent or was never ratified. However, in April 1983, immediate past president J. A. Browning extended an official invitation from APS to members of a delegation representing the Chinese Society of Plant Protection and the Chinese Society of Plant Pathology (in the United States at that time) and offering to provide registration and accommodation for two of their representatives to attend the 75th annual meeting

scheduled for June 1983 in Ames. Shen Chi-yi, president of the Chinese Society of Plant Protection, responded in  a letter dated April 22, 1983, commenting, “I am very impressed that you are interested in developing a closer On May 31, 2007, CSPP relationship with both the Chinese Society of Plant Protection and the Chinese Society President You-Liang Peng of Plant Pathology.” He then offered the names of three plant pathologists from China and APS President Jan already in the United States who could represent their two societies at the meeting, Leach signed an agreement noting that he and his colleagues in the delegation would be back in China by then on short-term objectives for “heavily engaged in our work at home.” Thus, the 2007 visit of APS leaders to China has CSPP–APS collaboration. now finally solidified, after more than 30 years in the making, the means to engage in Behind them (standing left formal exchanges and international cooperation between the two largest societies of plant to right): CSPP Secretary- pathology. General Chenggui Han, CSPP Vice President Zejian Guo, APS Executive Vice President Steve Nelson, Industry Relations and Private Practice APS President-Elect Ray Martyn, and CSPP Vice Industry Committee President Huaifang Li. Spurred by growth in the discovery, manufacture, and marketing of fungicides during the 1930s and early 1940s, starting with seed treatment products, industry began for the first time to employ plant pathologists and to take serious interest in the science and especially the practice of plant pathology. Paralleling, and on a similar timeline to the Society’s outreach effort to formalize International Cooperation as part of the APS committee structure, Industrial Relations was one of nine special committees of the Society in the early 1950s. Interestingly, whereas membership on the International Cooperation Committee was (and remains) balanced between U.S. and international members of the Society, the Industrial Relations Committee (later known as the Industry Committee) was and remains made up primarily of members from industry and has largely set its own agenda.

On the other hand, the committee adopted the view that it existed for service to the Society and not to industry, a view that it held for nearly 20 years. In 1962, for example, the committee’s report stated simply, “No meetings were held and no business was transacted during the year. The Society made no requests of the Committee; it was inactive.” Likewise in 1963: “The Committee held no meetings and conducted no business during the year. An open meeting of industry representatives [is planned for] the meeting in Amherst in August 1964. It is hoped that suggestions will be forth-coming at that time as to what role, if any, Industry should have in the affairs of APS.”

35 If there was a request of industry, it was usually for financial support for Phytopathology through paid advertising or to help finance social functions at the annual meetings. In an early example, a resolution following the very successful 1954 (46th) annual meeting held at the YMCA Conference Camp in Estes Park, CO, includes “that we express our sincere appreciation to…Shell Chemical Corporation, Rhom and Haas Chemical Company, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, United Fruit Company, and Naugatuck Chemical Corporation for their financial contributions toward the success of the annual banquet and entertainment.” Three years later, E. F. Feichtmeir, chair of what was still named the Industrial Relations Committee, reported that the committee was attempting to get members from industry to present scientific papers, either at the Palo Alto or Bloomington meetings. He then commented on a request for industry support of the Golden Jubilee meeting, noting that “industry is called upon so often by various organizations for contributions that, unless our story can be made very convincing, we are doubtful of success.”

After nearly two decades of relative inactivity, the Industry Committee decided in 1965 to take over sponsorship of the former Fungicide Colloquium, last sponsored by the Chemical Control Committee in 1960, and redesign it to permit reports from manufacturers of pesticides and application equipment. These discussion sessions have continued at annual meetings ever since, with such titles as “New Products and Services” and “The Cutting Edge of Seed Treatments.” In 1969, the Industry Committee sponsored a general session at the annual meeting in Spokane on “Plant Pathologists …industry is now Serve Society,” moderated by Gordon Brandes, and in 1981, it sponsored a discussion session on “The Plant Pathologist in Industry: Roles and Opportunities,” to help inform participating fully APS members of opportunities in the private sector. The well-attended Extension- in making the Industry socials at the annual meeting began in the 1970s and have continued to the present. In 1983, a page entitled “Industry News” was added on an as-requested basis annual meeting to Plant Disease. In 1985, Vince Morton, chair of the committee, reported that “several a success. industry members also contributed papers. Thus, industry is now participating fully in making the annual meeting a success.” – H. Vincent Morton, 1985 While not without missed opportunities, relations with industry and involvement of private-sector plant pathologists and their companies or businesses in the affairs of APS have made major advances during the past 25 years, as have, in turn, service to and support of these members by the Society. Virtually every annual meeting of the past 25 years has had at least one discussion session, colloquium, or workshop organized by and for members employed in industry or in private practice.

The representatives of industry, recognizing that state and federal institutions could not legally use public funds to support activities such as socials at the annual meetings, have readily stepped in with support to the extent allowed by their respective budgets. Likewise, APS through the years has recognized and respected the limitations on plant pathologists working in industry with regard to taking on major leadership roles within the Society, in contrast to the public sector, where service to professional scientific societies has been considered part of professional growth and development and even a contributing factor to promotion decisions. This mutual understanding notwithstanding, many strong and dedicated leaders within the Society have come from industry. Four representatives of industry were invited participants in the 1958 Golden Jubilee meeting, all taking part in a symposium entitled Fungicides. Three of the four—R. H. Wellman of Union Carbide, Gordon Brandes of Rohm & Haas, and L. Gordon Utter of Diamond Alkali—represented American companies and had been active and supportive members of APS since the early 1950s. Other active and dedicated servants of the Society from industry include Charles Delp from DuPont; Bill Tweedy, N. Beth Carroll, Allison Tally, and Vince Morton from Syngenta; and Molly Cline from Monsanto, to name but a few of the many over the past 60 years.

Perhaps the biggest change for private-sector pathologists during this period was the growth in products and research in biotechnology. On August 8, 1990, APS released

36 one of its most important position statements, “Medicines for Plant Health: Fungicides” (Table 1), on the importance of agricultural fungicides to the U.S. food supply. With public concern for the safety and appropriate use of biotechnology as high or even higher than for pesticides, the Society, through several position statements (Table 1), responses to proposed federal regulation, and the service of members on key federal committees, has provided exemplary scientific leadership for moving forward with both the research and the commercial use of this technology for food and agriculture. As is characteristic of the Society’s efforts in public education and outreach more generally, its messages relating to biotechnology have been consistently apolitical and science-based.

The inclusion of commercial exhibits at the annual meeting of APS has offered further exposure of and support for a wide range of private companies and is now one of the main attractions at the meetings. In turn, industry has continued to sponsor and help underwrite costs of the highly popular Extension-Industry socials at each annual meeting, although not without occasional review of the rationale and exploration of alternative ways to support the meetings. With a growing number of plant pathology graduates finding employment in the private sector, the Industry Committee in 1996 started hosting an industry–graduate student breakfast. The Ciba Geigy Award was first given to an APS member in 1975 “in recognition of significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge of plant diseases and their control.” Renamed the Novartis Award and now the Syngenta Award as the name of the company changed, this award is now in its 33rd year (although it has not been made every year). In 1998, APS established the Excellence in Industry Award (the same year as the International Service Award), with Vince Morton deservedly the first recipient.

Much of the progress in industry participation in the affairs of APS can be attributed to a greater commitment of the Society’s leadership to recognizing and meeting the needs of industry—beyond asking for financial support for social gatherings at the annual meetings. An ad hoc Industry Committee appointed in 1998 worked, through conference calls and e-mails, to examine (reexamine) all aspects of industry-APS interactions, recognizing that the culture of both APS and industry “needs to be reinvented.” One recommendation was to have two or three industry representatives on the committee charged with developing the 1999 APS strategic plan. Presumably because of the recommendations of this committee, Council in 1998 appointed an Industry Advisory Board “to help encourage, develop and coordinate activities for APS members from industry.” In 2002, Council established the Office of Industry Relations (OIR) with Chris Becker as the first director. The OIR is the first formal structure of the Society dedicated to fostering and coordinating a working relationship between APS Sustaining Associates and the Industry Committee. The efforts continue: in 2006, President John Andrews, in his column in Phytopathology News, “From the President’s Notebook,” rephrased that famous 1961 line from President John F. Kennedy to pose the questions, “What can industry do for APS?” (1) and, in the next issue, “What can APS do for industry?” (2).

Sustaining Associates The Sustaining Associates membership category dates back to 1945, with dues set at $100 per year. Rohm and Haas (Philadelphia) joined in July 1945, followed by E.I. DuPont de Nemours (Wilmington) in September 1945, Freeport Sulphur Co. (New Orleans) in January 1946, and Tennessee Corporation (Atlanta) in February 1946. Including these first four companies that became Sustaining Associates at $100 each per year, Sustaining Associates have contributed a total of about $550,000 in support of APS as of this writing in early 2008, not including advertising, support for socials, and gifts to the APS Foundation.

Amid all the start-ups, acquisitions, and consolidations in the private sector, support for APS through the Sustaining Associates program has remained fairly constant at between 50 and 60 members over the past 25 years; with more recent industry consolidations, however, this number has fallen in the past five years to an average of 35 companies. The Sustaining Associates Committee has focused its efforts on improving communications,

37 developing a closer relationship between members of the Society and Sustaining Associates, and facilitating greater involvement of Sustaining Associates in the activities of APS. In 1986, during the presidency of Luis Sequeira, the Society began the tradition of sponsoring the Sustaining Associates Breakfast; that same year, a “Salute to Sustaining Associates” was published in Plant Disease.

Private Practice In 1981, recognizing the growing number of members working in private practice as consultants, Council approved the Private Practice Committee as a new Society General Policies Standing Committee chaired by R. S. Cox. One of the first recommendations of this committee was that “a column entitled ‘Consultant’s Corner’ be initiated in Plant Disease for the purpose of portraying their growing role in crop production.” The committee also began to assemble a list of plant pathologists in private practice. Like the Industry Committee many years earlier, the Private Practice Committee also began to organize sessions for their interest group at the annual meetings. The committee’s 1996 annual report stated that “more than 125 people attended the Private Practice Colloquium…The room was full to overflow the entire time of the meeting, which extended past 5:00 with questions and answers still being discussed when the colloquium was closed.” As for overlap or competition with extension, the report goes on to declare that “it was clear that the private practitioner does not compete with the extension service, since both of these groups are carrying forward similar, but non-conflicting assignments. It appeared to be the opinion of those in attendance that more of this type of information needs to be presented to meet an increasing need on the part of many plant pathologists.” Unfortunately, interest in this committee gradually declined despite Council’s efforts to encourage greater participation, and in 2007 the Private Practice Committee was disbanded due to lack of interest.

Certification of Plant Pathologists Ten years before the formation of the Private Practice Committee, Council in 1972 had appointed a Special Committee on Certification of Plant Pathologists, chaired by Harlan Smith, with the charge to “make a study of the desirability and feasibility of certification of plant pathologists and report to the APS Council on the findings.” A draft report, “A Proposed American Registry of Certified Plant Pathologists,” dated June 18, 1973, was produced largely or entirely by Smith. In addition, a questionnaire entitled “Certification of Plant Pathologists” was developed for publication in the June 1973 issue of Phytopathology News “to both educate and obtain feedback from members interested in certification.” In a rare rebuke of a committee or member of a committee, the Executive Committee pulled the questionnaire and asked President H. L. Barnett to “instruct Harlan Smith to come up with some concrete recommendations.” In fact, Barnett had done exactly this in a letter to Smith dated May 23, 1973, asking him to speed up the process and to “put together a proposal (even though it may be incomplete)…for consideration by Council at the September [1973] meeting.”

A draft proposal dated March 14, 1974, referred to the “American Registry of Professional Plant Pathologists,” was envisioned as a self-supporting, nonprofit activity of APS. Applications for certification were to be voluntary. A brochure on the proposed registry was to have been produced for membership review in advance of the Vancouver meeting in 1974, but this never happened. Consequently James Tammen, as president- elect, informed Smith on May 17, 1974, that the discussion session and committee meeting he had scheduled for the Vancouver meeting would not be necessary, and thanked him for moving this issue along, as complicated as it was and remained. The committee’s report submitted to Council was then presented to the members at the 1974 general business meeting, where a motion to approve the report was defeated after “an extended discussion from the floor.”

Not until September 26, 1978, could APS Secretary Derald Slack report to President Durward Bateman the results of a vote on the question, “Should APS proceed with the establishment of an American Registry of Professional Plant Pathologists?” The vote was

38 195 in favor, 69 against, for a total of just 264 votes received. With this result in hand, an ad hoc committee chaired by Houston Couch recommended the establishment of a voluntary American Registry of Professional Plant Pathologists to be managed by APS. Couch then presented to Council a proposed charter, bylaws, and code of ethics, dated July 28, 1980—a 23-page document—for the proposed registry. In the meantime, the debate shifted at the 1979 annual meeting to the question of APS’s liability if the registry were managed by the Society. This issue notwithstanding, Council appointed an ad hoc Registry Committee, with Ed Lloyd as chair, charged to “take the [Couch] report and develop a registry handbook, with appropriate forms to implement establishment of the registry.” This committee, under Barry Jacobsen as the new chair, reported to Council in 1982 that only nine persons had attended an organizational meeting of the “American Registry of Professional Plant Pathologists,” none of whom were in private practice. Council then directed the committee to determine through publicity in either Plant Disease or Phytopathology whether a registry was still desired by the membership and noted that “liability concerns will warrant attention.” This apparently was the final action of this committee.

Nearly another 10 years passed before the subject came up again, this time in a meeting of the Private Practice Committee during the 1989 annual meeting when the committee decided that one of its three functions would be to “develop a certification program.” In 1991, with the support of a committee of three (J. Amador, C. Windells, and K. Conway) appointed by President George Agrios, Council approved a proposal from the Private Practice Committee chaired by Larry Stowell to form a Registry of Certified Professional Plant Pathologists, to be operated as a subboard of the American Registry of Certified Professionals in Agronomy, Crops and Soils (ARCPACS) (38). As a follow-up, the Private Practice Committee sponsored a discussion session at the 1992 annual meeting entitled “Certification Opportunities for Plant Pathologists.” In spite of the leadership provided by this committee, Stowell as chair of the Board for Certified Professional Plant Pathologists reported in 1997 that only 34 plant pathologists had been certified since the program began. Interest in the program remained low, until the Registry of Certified Professional Plant Pathologists met the same fate as the Private Practice Committee and was discontinued at the request of ARCPACS due to lack of participation.

Infrastructure, Professional Management, and Governance

APS governance began in 1909 with a president, vice president, secretary-treasurer, and two councilors. By 1958, the governance had grown to include the president, president-elect, immediate past president, vice president, secretary, treasurer–business manager, editor-in-chief of Phytopathology, two councilors-at-large, and five division councilors—for a total of 14 members serving on Council. In addition, there were 23 committees. At the 2007 annual meeting, APS governance still stood at six officers but had added one more division councilor in 1968 and one councilor-at-large in 1975; and there are now eight editors-in-chief, five of whom serve on Council, and the APS Foundation chair and the executive vice president are ex officio members of Council— for a total of 22. In addition, the Society now has a director or chair for each of the APS Foundation, Office of Electronic Communications, Office of Industry Relations, Office of International Programs, Office of Public Relations and Outreach, Public Policy Board, Publications Board, and Scientific Programs Board, plus eight ad hoc committees, four Special Committees, three Society Internal Relations Committees, nine Society General Policy Committees, and 26 Subject Matter Committees—a total of 50 committees, not counting the three or four subcommittees that operate under the respective Boards.

As APS grew, so did interest in the formation of divisions that could sponsor regional meetings. The Western American Phytopathological Society was formed in 1914 and became the Pacific Division the following year. The Southern Division formed in 1918. A Canadian Division also formed in 1918 but dissolved in 1930 with formation of the Canadian Phytopathological Society (CPS). The New England Division formed in

39 1941 and became the Northeastern Division in 1946. The Potomac and North Central divisions were formed in 1944 and 1947, respectively, and the Caribbean Division was formally added in 1961.

At the 1954 meeting in Estes Park, Council approved a decision that the president- elect would thereafter serve as chair of the Program Committee, with the president, vice president, secretary, and editor-in-chief of Phytopathology as other members. Following the 1960 annual meeting at Green Lake, WI, an ad hoc committee chaired by Glen Pound recommended the formation of two “super committees”: a Program [super] Committee, forerunner to today’s Scientific Programs Board, still chaired by the president-elect but now made up of the chairs of the subject matter committees and charged with planning the programs for annual meetings several years in advance; and a Publications Committee, made up of the editor-in-chief of Phytopathology and the chairs of the committees responsible for Phytopathological Classics, Phytopathological Monographs and Reviews, Phytopathology News, and New Fungicide and Nematicide Data. Article V, Section 1, of the APS Constitution was changed in 1962 to reflect the election of a vice president who would then progress to president-elect and president, eliminating the practice of annually electing both a vice president and a president-elect. A provision to establish local organizations referred to as “Chapters” was introduced with a constitutional change in 1976, with the requirement that “a formal application justifying such establishment is made to Council through the appropriate Division Councilor and approved.”

From All-Volunteer to Professional Management of the Business Affairs of APS Helen Hart’s suggestion to President George Fischer in 1957 that APS look into the arrangements for technical editing developed by the cereal chemists would eventually pan out—and become one of the most significant decisions made by APS. The Society first enlisted the professional services of Ray Tarleton in 1964 to provide technical editing of Phytopathology (39). Tarleton was employed at that time by the American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC), with responsibilities for both technical editing and management of the association’s business affairs.  The business affairs of APS were managed by a member of the Society, starting with Donald Reddick as the first business manager, working out of their office or more commonly out of their home. In 1963, APS Treasurer–Business Manager A. W. Dimmock wrote in his annual report, “The amount of work necessarily handled by the business office has been exceptionally great during the past year and would have been entirely impossible but for the understanding and experienced help of my wife, Edith, and my son, Douglas, and the confidence and support of the Council.” When President Arthur Kelman contacted Tarleton as to his interest in also managing the business affairs of APS, Tarleton referred Kelman to his full-time employer, the AACC. Thus began the discussions between AACC and APS that would lead first to the transfer of the technical editing of Phytopathology and the day-to-day management of the Society’s business affairs to staff of AACC, with APS as a client of

AACC, and then to a partnership often referred to informally as “the  scientific societies,” with shared facilities and professional staff in Eagan, MN. This is truly one of the most fortuitous developments in the history Raymond J. Tarleton, of APS. The establishment of the AACC-APS partnership led to the appointment of Ray first executive vice president Tarleton as executive vice president of APS and AACC 1967. of APS. He served from 1964 through 1991. It was a fire on October 22, 1968, that destroyed much of the building where AACC rented space that prompted AACC to approach the APS Council as to the Society’s interest in the construction or purchase of a shared facility that neither group could likely afford alone. With both societies conducting fundraising, three acres were purchased in Eagan in 1969, a building committee chaired by AACC member Daniel G. McPherson was formed in 1970, and construction of a 12,000-ft2 building was started in April 1971.

40 The new building was dedicated on May 11, 1972, during Joseph Fulton’s term as APS president.

In 1989, and largely because of the continued growth in titles produced through APS PRESS, APS Council and the AACC Board approved construction of a 10,000-ft2 addition to the headquarters building in Eagan; construction began in June and occupancy followed in November. On March 7, 1991, on the occasion of the retirement of Ray Tarleton, the new addition was dedicated and named the Tarleton Wing.

After the fire in 1968, Steve Nelson, a student at the time, was hired to help recover and sort whatever documents and manuscripts were salvageable. Upon graduation, he was hired by Tarleton  as a keyliner. After nearly 20 years working with Tarleton as his supervisor and mentor, Nelson was appointed APS-AACC executive vice president in April 1991, a position he holds today.

At present, the APS-AACC partnership staff manage the business affairs and production of publications not only for APS and AACC, but also for the Controlled Release Society, the American Society of Brewing Chemists, the Master Brewers of the Americas, and the International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions.

Strategic and Long-Range Planning for the Society

and the Discipline Arthur Kelman, one of the true visionaries of the Society,  appointed the two special committees discussed above that could be considered forerunners of formal strategic Dedication on May 11, planning by the Society. The New [Special] Projects Committee was to be chaired 1972, of the new permanent by the vice president, starting with A. W. Dimmock, and the International [Special] facility of the American Projects Committee was chaired by J. L. Apple. In addition to the mandate to “take a Phytopathological Society, broad view of existing projects and sharpen focus on areas in need of further project owned jointly with the strength,” the New Projects Committee was to be “composed of young pathologists who American Association of are broadly representative of the many facets of our discipline.” Some of the needs and Cereal Chemists (AACC) and opportunities identified by this committee during its relatively short tenure that would built with space to expand on eventually be acted on (albeit quite independently of the committee’s long-since-forgotten 3 acres purchased jointly with recommendations) include, in addition to a second journal for publication of results of AACC in Eagan, Minnesota in 1969. applied research, a presence in the federal capital to act as a source of information to the government on plant diseases; a graduate degree for practicing plant pathologists, similar to the doctoral degree program proposed by Horsfall at the Golden Jubilee meeting for practitioners of plant pathology and forerunner to the Doctor of Plant Health (28); and the development of exchanges between APS and the Chinese Society of Plant Pathology (discussed above). The purpose of the International [Special] Projects Committee was to develop “long-range plans of international projects which would indicate the responsibility and opportunity for service of our Society.” Both committees were disbanded in 1975.

It would be another five years before a more organized and sustained strategic and long- range planning process would begin with the appointment in 1980 by President L. H. Purdy of a Long Range Planning Committee. (James Tammen had appointed a Special Committee on Long Range Planning in 1975, apparently with a focus on long-range financial planning.) The charge to the 1980 committee, chaired first by Paul Williams and later Charles Delp, was “to consider all aspects of APS operations and governance with a long-range view and to report periodically to the Council and to the Society.” An interim report was published in 1981 (18), and the final report, identifying eight key issues with recommended scenarios, strategies, and actions, followed in 1982 (19). An opportunity to discuss this report was provided in a “rap” session at the 1982 annual meeting in Salt Lake City. The committee was disbanded in 1982.

41 The strategic planning process, again focused on APS (as opposed to plant pathology), was revived in 1991 with the appointment by Council of a nine-member committee chaired by Steven Pueppke. Similar to the committee charge 10 years earlier, the charge was “to examine the direction(s) our Society is going, and to provide us with…a blueprint for action for the next 5 years or so.” Randy Rowe announced at the 1992 annual meeting in Portland that his presidency in 1993 would focus on the Society’s new strategic plan and that the theme of the 1993 annual meeting would be “Plant Pathology—Beyond 2000.” The plan was completed in 1992 and adopted  by Council in 1993 as a five-year plan that included an updated mission statement and three major goals: 1) to promote the science of plant pathology by providing improved services and offering expanded opportunities for involvement in APS; 2) to strengthen the image and understanding of the science and practice of plant pathology; and 3) to ensure the financial stability of the Society into the next century. With the approval of this strategic plan, Council also established that the immediate past president would be

responsible each year for reporting on the progress toward each goal.  The 1993 APS Strategic Plan has been followed by a succession of five-year plans approved in 1999, 2003, and now anticipated in 2008. Larry Madden Official Seal of APS, summed it up nicely in his 1997 President’s Report: “Like many organizations, we have first introduced in 1966. a Strategic Plan. Unlike most groups, however, we actually use the plan to evaluate our current way of doing things, and to make changes for the future. This does not mean that other changes are not needed. In fact, several small-to-large changes likely will be required in the next few years. But what I really like about our organization is that we are prepared to tackle some tough issues as we move into the next century.”

The five-year plan approved by Council in 1999 had five goals: 1) strengthen the science and practice of plant pathology; 2) maintain a strong professional organization; 3) become the premier resource for plant health information and knowledge dissemination; 4) foster professional growth and development; and 5) promote understanding and increase awareness of plant pathology and plant health science among the public and among policy-making, regulatory, and funding bodies. Each of these five goals, in turn, had up to five specific objectives.

Following Council approval of a revised five-year plan in 2003, strategic planning was taken to a new level through a series of Strategic Planning and Leadership Forums. At the first such forum, held in August 2003 in Charlotte, more than 35 attendees brainstormed ideas on governance, strategic financial planning, and APS’s international role. Follow-up leadership forums have continued yearly with different key focus areas for review and dialogue. With this heightened focus, the role of the APS Council has transitioned from periodic reviews to a continuous review of the strategic plan to ensure there is consensus on the vision and goals and that the measures of success are clearly defined. The strategic plan is the template for all decisions and the current priorities focus efforts. This process resulted in the latest revision of the APS Strategic Plan, developed during 2006-2007 by an ad hoc group consisting of John Andrews, Margery Daughtrey, Joyce Loper and Ray Martyn with five major goals: 1) promote the highest- quality scientific standards; 2) maintain a strong, proactive, and united professional organization; 3) be recognized as the leading global resource for plant health information and knowledge dissemination; 4) foster professional growth and development; and 5) promote understanding and increase awareness of plant diseases and the practice of plant pathology. While the goals have grown or changed modestly over the past 25 years, such as the statement on scientific standards added in this latest plan, the wording of the goals reflects a consistent determination of the Society to lead nationally and globally while maintaining its core value of helping members succeed in their careers.

As emphasized above, the succession of strategic plans during the past nearly 30 years has focused on the Society. In 1983, Arthur Kelman reported to Council on the activities

42 of the Special Committee on Long-Range Research Goals for plant pathology, pointing out the need for APS to develop a document on long-range goals for the science with the widest possible input from the subject matter committees. The purpose of a document that identified needs, deficiencies, promising areas, and problems facing plant pathology was to position the Society with a list of its priorities to be used by federal funding agencies. The report of this committee, chaired by Doug Maxwell, was published in 1986 (30). Meanwhile, Kelman devoted both his keynote address at the 1984 joint APS- CPS annual meeting in Guelph, Ontario, and his prefatory chapter in Annual Review of Phytopathology the following year (24) to setting forth his own list for long-range research goals in plant pathology.

Unlike the strategic planning process for APS, there has been no succession of plans for long-range research goals. Armed with flexibility in timing and earned respect within both the executive and legislative branches of the federal government, the Public Policy Board, with Eversole and Associates and in consultation with specific APS committees as appropriate, has made the need for a lengthy long-range planning process for research goals redundant if not obsolete. In 1999, for example, Council approved a set of research priorities for the Society developed by the then-named National Plant Pathology Board. Nonetheless, the 1986 report produced by the Special Committee on Long-Range Research Goals under Maxwell’s leadership is a remarkably visionary document well worth reading for its perspectives and the accuracy of its predictions made more than 20 years ago.

Establishment of Awards and Honors Following the formation of a Special Committee on Awards and Honors in 1962, the first 34 APS Fellows were named in 1965, the first Ruth Allen  Award was made to Harold Flor in 1966, and the first Award of Distinction was presented to E. C. Stakman in 1967. The list of awards and honors bestowed by the Society has since expanded to include the Ciba Geigy (now Syngenta) Award starting in 1975, the Lee M. Hutchins Award established in 1980 and first awarded in 1981, the APS Distinguished Service Award first made to Thor Kommedahl in 1984, the Excellence in Teaching and Excellence in Extension awards in 1989, the International Service and Excellence in Industry awards

in 1998, the William Boright Hewitt and Maybelle Ellen Ball Hewitt Award in 2002, the Noel Keen Award for Research in Molecular Plant  Pathology in 2003, the Friends of APS Award in 2004, and the APS Official logo of APS, first Outstanding Volunteer Award in 2005. APS also made the selection for the Campbell introduced in 2001. Award in 1974, 1976, and 1978 on behalf of the Campbell Soup Company, with the American Society for Horticultural Science making the selections in alternate years.

An Official Seal, APS Logo, and Branding Slogan A special committee to design an official seal for the Society was appointed in 1965, consisting of T. C. Allen, A. J. Ullstrup, and S. E. A. McCallan (chair). The committee offered three final selections the following year, and the Official Seal was approved in August 1966 by a vote of the membership at the Denver annual meeting. At the New Orleans annual meeting in 2000, Council established a new ad hoc Branding Committee to enhance the current image of APS. The goal of developing a comprehensive branding program was to maximize current and potential membership and product sales by integrating the chosen brand strategy into all aspects of the organization. The committee, chaired by Erik Stromberg, went through a series of steps to gather member feedback and set the framework for initiating a branding campaign. Council unanimously approved the new brand, including logo and tagline “Healthy Plants  Healthy World,” in July 2001. The official unveiling of the logo took place at the 2001 APS Breakfast Program in Salt Lake City.

43 APS Co d e o f Pr o f e ss i o n a l Co n d u c t I. Preamble The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is a professional organization with a code of professional conduct which encompasses the values important to the profession and expresses the profession’s responsibilities to the public, clients, and colleagues. Membership in APS assumes an obligation of self-discipline with compliance to these professional standards. The APS Code of Professional Conduct is intended to guide members in the performance of their professional responsibilities and conduct. II. Principles 1. Members accept the obligation to serve the public interest, honor the public trust, enhance the welfare of humanity, encourage environmental stewardship, and demonstrate a commitment to professionalism. 2. Members perform all professional responsibilities with the highest sense of integrity, and maintain objectivity and freedom from conflicts of interest in discharging their professional responsibilities. 3. Members strive continually to improve their competence and the quality of services, and discharge all professional responsibilities to the best of their ability. III. Canon 1. Members have the duty to observe all laws and regulations of the land pertaining to the profession, uphold the dignity and honor of the profession, and expose illegal or unethical conduct in the profession. 2. Members will act in such a manner as to protect the resources of the natural and agricultural environments in which they work and will strive to avoid direct or indirect adverse effects on people or the environment that might result from their presence, activities, or equipment. 3. Members will not allow the use of their names, reports, or other technical materials by any enterprise known to be illegal, fraudulent, of questionable character, or contrary to the welfare of the public or the environment. 4. Members will neither seek employment, grants, or personal gain, nor attempt to injure the reputation or opportunities for employment of other scientists by false or undocumented claims or accusations, or by offers of gifts or favors. 5. Members will strive for accuracy in reporting observations made by themselves and others, and will recognize contributions of others whenever appropriate. 6. Members will work and act in a strict spirit of truth and fairness with employers, clients, contractors, and employees, and in a spirit of personal helpfulness and collegiality toward other members of the profession. 7. Members will endeavor to recognize conflicts of interest and to avoid the abuse of privileged positions or circumstances. Such include, but are not limited to: (i) review and evaluation of manuscripts and grant applications, (ii) establishment of program directions and responsibilities, (iii) evaluation of candidates for employment or promotion, (iv) service in APS or other leadership positions, (v) service in consulting activities, (vi) student guidance, (vii) simultaneous service in profit-making and not-for-profit organizations, and (viii) use of any position or resources to compete unethically or unfairly with colleagues. 8. Members recognize responsibilities to students, technicians, and other associates working under their supervision and will treat them with dignity, respect, and consideration, provide them with training where required, and by direction and example teach them to adhere to the professional standards herein.

44 The APS Code of Professional Conduct Anne Vidaver raised the question in 1983 of whether APS needed a written code of ethics. This question was referred to the Public Responsibilities Committee, and a proposed “American Phytopathological Society Code of Professional Conduct” was submitted to Council in February 1992 and approved in 1993.

Formation of the APS Foundation In 1985, Council approved appointment of the Endowment Fund Special Committee chaired by Roy Young. The purpose of this committee was “to build an Endowment Fund, to oversee the investment of this fund, and to recommend appropriate uses of the income from the fund for the benefit of our members and profession.” The following year, Council unanimously adopted and the membership approved the recommendation “that an APS Foundation be established as an independent entity that would receive and manage funds for endowment purposes.” After a mail ballot used to obtain approval of the necessary constitutional amendment, the APS Foundation was official. With this historic action, finalized in 1986, the Endowment Fund Special Committee was disbanded, and its members—David French, Ralph Green, Frank Howard, James Tammen, Bill Tweedy, George Zentmyer, and Roy Young (chair)— became the founding board of directors of the APS Foundation.  This new board of directors—probably as blue-ribbon as any group of APS leaders ever assembled for any purpose—went immediately about the business of forming the new organization. Terms of one to five years were assigned to the board members, committees were established, and plans were developed to begin raising funds. The first officers were James Tammen, chair; Bill Tweedy, vice chair; Dave French, treasurer; and Ray Tarleton, secretary. In this first year, 165 members donated $23,362. With the transfer by Council of $8,500 from the E. C. Stakman fund to the Foundation, the fund approached $32,000 by the end of 1987. Twenty years later, the 2007 audited report puts the cumulative contributions at $1,246,839. Effective as of 1999, the Foundation merged into APS as a cost-saving measure, while continuing to maintain separate budgets and funding.

The first awards program outlined by the board for use of the funds included support for students and student programs, both  undergraduate and graduate, a “Genesis” program for young scientists to “encourage creative thought and early development of innovations Announcement in in the science of plant pathology and its application,” enhancement of the Society’s Phytopathology News international activities, and programs of special interest to the contributor. These goals of the successful beginning remain very much the goals of the APS Foundation today. Remarkably, it was possible of the APS Foundation with already in 1987 to make the first awards of $500 to each of three libraries at Makerere the first Genesis awards, made University, Kampala, Uganda; Shanghai Agricultural College, Shanghai, People’s in 1988 to Forrest Nutter and Republic of China; and the University of Mayor San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia. The Gail Schumann to enhance citations read: “In order to enhance international activities of the Society and specifically teaching in plant pathology to undergraduates. to strengthen library holdings in plant pathology for growing agricultural universities.” Charles Delp developed the winning proposal on behalf of the Office of International Programs and accepted the awards on behalf of the three recipient institutions. The first Genesis awards of $1,500 each were made in 1988 to Gail Schumann and Forrest Nutter to enhance teaching of plant pathology to undergraduate students.

The next major action of the Foundation was its 1989 recommendation approved by Council that APS and the Foundation join in an Endowment/Building Fund Campaign. The dual goals of this campaign were to establish an endowment fund for the Foundation of $500,000 and to raise the APS share for an addition to the headquarters building of $400,000. R. E. Ford and E. L. Kendrick were appointed as cochairs of this campaign. During the first year of the drive (1990), more than $20,000 was raised for the building fund and $100,000 for the endowment, the latter thanks to a $20,000 gift from Ciba Geigy (now Syngenta). These gifts were followed by two more major

45 contributions: $100,000 by John and Ann Niederhauser in 1990 and $10,000 from Monsanto Company in 1991. The Niederhauser contribution established the John and Ann Niederhauser Endowment (JANE) fund, which now supports a student travel award of $500 annually and makes awards annually or biannually in support of research on diseases caused by Phytophthora, typically to an investigator in a developing country. The Foundation’s first Genesis-2 (International) Award was made in 1993.

Perhaps the Foundation’s greatest success story is the program of named student travel awards, initiated in 1995. Twenty named travel funds of $2,500 or more were established almost immediately, and by 1997, seven such funds had reached the $8,000 payout threshold and provided the first awards of $400 each to seven graduate students to attend the 1997 annual meeting. As of January 2008, there were 44 named student travel awards, with the recipients recognized at what has become an annual APS Foundation luncheon at the annual meeting. As further support for graduate students, and consistent with the original goals, the first I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium debuted in 1999, funded by an endowment in memory of I. E. Melhus. Students invited as speakers at these symposia are also provided $500 each toward their travel expenses to the annual meeting. The eighth Melhus Symposium is planned for the 2008 Centennial meeting in Minneapolis.

In 1999, a portion of the JANE fund was designated to provide a cash prize to the recipient of the APS International Service Award. This was followed by gifts of more than $20,000 from Lucy Hastings de Gutierrez to provide a cash prize for the recipient of the APS Excellence in Teaching Award. The first cash prizes to accompany these two awards were given in 2000 at the New Orleans meeting. Through the continued generosity of members and industry, the Frank Howard Undergraduate Research Award was started in May 2000 with the first award given in 2002, an International Travel Award was made starting in 2001, the French-Monar Latin American Travel Award was also established in 2001 with the first award made in 2003, the Mathre Education Endowment and the Noel T. Keen Fund were both established in 2002, the first Pioneer Fellowship was awarded in 2005, and most recently the Milt and Nancy Schroth Endowment and the Raymond J. Tarleton Endowment were funded in 2007.

The APS Foundation has a familiar presence at annual meetings, where it hosts a booth staffed by members of the board and volunteers, including student volunteers. This tradition began at the 1993 annual meeting in Nashville. Its latest campaign, launched in 2005, is the “100 for the 100th” campaign, with the goal of raising $100,000 by the time of the Centennial meeting.

The Annual Meeting: Venues, Arrangements, Programs, and Planning No doubt to assuage the botanists who voted against formation of APS at the 1908 organizational meeting, it was agreed at the first (1909) meeting that the annual meetings of the fledgling Society would be held jointly with either the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) or the Botanical Society of America. In fact, APS met in December with AAAS for its first 33 years (32). This began to change during World War II, when APS started to meet jointly with the Potato Association of America or the Entomological Society of America. APS began in 1952 to meet jointly with the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS), which formed in 1949. APS continues to appoint one member each to represent the Society at AAAS and AIBS, but has no continuing formal affiliation with the Botanical Society of America.

The Golden Jubilee Meeting APS was one of 27 professional scientific societies that met as part of the 1958 annual meeting of the American Institute of Biological Sciences on the campus of Indiana University. Other societies whose members no doubt took in the sessions and exhibits organized by APS included the American Society for Horticultural Science, the American Society of Plant Physiologists, the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the Botanical Society of America, the Ecological Society of America, the Mycological Society of America, and the Potato Association of America.

46 The APS program was clearly the mega-program of that mega-event. In addition to the usual paper-reading sessions, tours, and social functions, this meeting included some 20 exhibits with posters, most of them on accomplishments in plant pathology research and disease control over the preceding 50 years, and nine symposia with some 60 speakers covering the breadth of the science and practice of plant pathology to that time. Among the contributors and legendary subjects were H. H. Flor on his gene-for-gene hypothesis to explain the genetics of host-parasite interactions, Armin Braun on the role of toxins and metabolites in disease with a focus on the mysteries of crown gall, and W. M. Stanley and F. C. Bawden on the structure and multiplication of viruses. In contrast to this extensive coverage of the state of the science, only five talks were devoted to historical and developmental aspects of plant pathology and of APS, but these were given commanding positions in the program and were delivered by none others than J. A. Stevenson with the USDA in Beltsville, MD, J. C. Walker from the University of Wisconsin, George McNew with Boyce Thompson Institute, J. G. Harrar with the Rockefeller Foundation, and J. G. Horsfall of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station.

The 20 poster exhibits take on added significance when we consider  where plant pathology started in the United States 50 years earlier and how far it had come in just 50 years. While new and emerging plant diseases remain of prime concern in the United States and worldwide, consider the near-simultaneous emergence, recognition, or sudden increase in importance of white pine blister rust, wheat stem rust, chestnut blight, and late blight of potato among the dozens of plant diseases first recognized around the time of the formation of APS. The exhibits at the Golden Jubilee meeting reflected a sense of pride in all that had been accomplished in addition to their educational focus, but also made equal reference to the continuing problems as well as the progress that had been made. The plant diseases represented in these exhibits were stem rust, apple scab, common bunt, wilt fusaria, Dutch elm disease, tomato leaf mold, black shank of tobacco, tree

fruit virus diseases, virus and viruslike diseases of citrus, and plant- pathogenic nematodes. California Spray-Chemical Corp., representing  Ortho, had an exhibit on screening for soil fungicides; both the U.S. and Canadian departments of agriculture had exhibits of the plant pathology work Entrance to the exhibit in their respective agencies; and the United Fruit Company put on an exhibit of the hall at the Golden “big three” diseases of banana—Moko, Panama Disease, and sigatoka. Three exhibits Jubilee meeting of APS, presumably sponsored by APS were “Teaching of Plant Pathology,” “Behind the Scenes with the first of some 20 exhibits, “Man vs. in Phytopathology—Time required to edit and publish manuscripts in a typical issue Stem Rust of Cereals.” of Phytopathology” and photos of the first 50 presidents along with charter members, displayed under the banner “A Few of the Many Who Have Helped Plant Pathology Grow.”

The Diamond Jubilee Meeting Anticipation of the 75th anniversary Diamond Jubilee meeting of APS began building in 1979 with invitations to both the Society of Nematologists and the Mycological Society of America to meet with APS on the campus of Iowa State University in Ames in June 1983. Planning for the meeting began in earnest in 1980 with the appointment of the Diamond Jubilee Program Organizing Committee by President L. H. Purdy, with S. H. Smith as chair. Over the next nearly three years, this committee, with representation from all three societies, planned and produced a 48-chapter treatise with 66 authors that was published in advance of the 1983 meeting with the title Challenging Problems in Plant Health (26). Two of the authors of this volume, J. G. Horsfall and K. F. Baker, were also authors of chapters in the 1959 Golden Jubilee volume.

The intent of the Diamond Jubilee Program Organizing Committee was that, in conjunction with the published volume, a series of symposia patterned after and coupled with the topics covered in the volume would be organized for presentation at the meeting. Meanwhile, the usual APS Program Committee, chaired by me as president- elect and made up of the chairs of the usual 10-15 Society committees, met during the

47 1982 meeting in Salt Lake City to begin planning the program for the 1983 annual meeting. Our committee decided that all contributed papers would be moved to poster sessions. We then followed the normal protocols of reviewing past proposals for formal and informal sessions and accepted proposals for sessions from the standing, general policies and subject matter committees. As usual, many proposals were supported by more than one committee.

By a strange omission, there was no mechanism or apparent plan for communication and coordination between the two “program organizing committees” at the time of the Salt Lake City meeting. It was never clear how or whether the Diamond Jubilee Program Organizing Committee was to replace or somehow work with the 1983 Program Committee. Smith and I met later and compared outlines, but any similarities between the topics covered in the Diamond Jubilee volume and at the Diamond Jubilee meeting—and they were considerable—reflected similar thought processes of our two committees rather than preplanned exchanges. In the end, it did not matter. Challenging Problems in Plant Health contained a wealth of up-to-date information and syntheses for that time, and the 1983 annual meeting program planned by the usual committee process was a resounding success.  The Diamond Jubilee meeting followed the standard APS annual meeting format. The general (plenary) session on the contemporary topic of sustainable agriculture was followed by 20 symposia, 13 discussion sessions, two workshops, a forum, and more than 500 posters distributed over seven sessions. To the extent possible, the symposia, typically with four speakers, were planned to be integrative by including one speaker for each of mycology, virology, phytobacteriology, and nematology. The focus of the program was entirely on the science and practice of plant pathology, and the 75-year history of APS was commemorated with exhibits of archival material arranged largely by the Archives Committee, and a 75th anniversary banquet with emeritus members as honored guests. There were more than 1,850 registrants. Nineteen professional scientific societies of plant pathology from around the world sent messages or had an officer

personally deliver a message of congratulations. President R. E. Ford  concluded in his report to the Society that “from their remarks we [APS] are the premiere phytopathological society in the world.” Cover of the book, Challenging Problems It was also on this occasion, the 75th anniversary meeting on the campus of Iowa State in Plant Health, a University in Ames, that the historic documents of the Society, which have proved to be 48-chapter treatise such a valuable resource for the preparation of this 100-year history treatise, became part published in advance of and to commemorate of the Special Collections held at Iowa State’s Park Library. the 1983 Diamond Jubilee meeting of the And now, the Centennial Meeting, 2008 American Phytopatho- APS began to plan for its Centennial meeting in 2003—five years in advance—when logical Society held on President Jacqueline Fletcher appointed the ad hoc Centennial Planning Committee the campus of Iowa chaired by Cleora J. D’Arcy. The committee was reappointed in 2004 and became a State University. Special Committee in 2005.

The charge to the committee was to “make it a year our members will remember.” After its first meeting in August 2003, Erin Rosskopf as chair of the Scientific Programs Board was added to the committee to ensure better coordination with the duties of that board than at the time of the 75th anniversary, when there were two program committees at work independently (as described above), and Allison Tally was added to increase input from and contact with members from industry. The committee, with participation of presidents-elect then presidents Ray Martyn and Jim Moyer and Treasurer Randy Rowe, has worked hard for the past five years to indeed make this celebration memorable.

The Centennial Planning Committee has organized its work through five subcommittees focused on program events, displays, publications, finances, and publicity. In recognition of the close and interdependent relationship between the science and the Society, the

48 committee sponsored a history symposium at each of the four annual meetings leading up to 2008, covering phytobacteriology in 2004, virology in 2005, nematology in 2006, and mycology in 2007. The committee also sponsored a tour of Grosse Île at the 2006 annual meeting and distributed a 16-month APS Centennial Calendar at the 2007 annual meeting. An oral history DVD with interviews of prominent APS members; displays of historical artifacts (including antique equipment and key APS publications); a timeline of the dates of “historical events, key discoveries, disease epidemics, or prominent plant pathology ancestors who contributed to APS history”; and a display on plant pathology for public viewing at the Science Museum of Minnesota are also under development for the 2008 meeting. Four special sessions with speakers are planned for the meeting, in addition to the traditional plenary, symposia, discussion, and paper sessions. These are: In Celebration of 100 Years of The American Phytopathological Society; Plant Pathology in 1908/2008; Optimizing Opportunities for Everyone in Plant Pathology; and The Future of Plant Pathology.

The APS Centennial celebration will also make history in its own right. Unlike earlier commemorations, where industry represented the only source of financial sponsorship, support for the APS Centennial meeting has been forthcoming from academic institutions as well; in fact, the number of sponsorships is roughly equal for universities and industry. Five APS Divisions and one state society of plant pathology are also counted among the impressive list of sponsors. (See page 2 for full listing).

Selected Memories of Past APS Meetings Every APS member can probably recall something special or unusual about an annual or divisional meeting they have attended. Here, I share a few details from three past meetings, including one that I did not attend.

Having just graduated from high school and preparing that fall to enter my freshman year at North Dakota Agricultural College (later named North Dakota State University), I was not at the1954 annual meeting of APS. However, like the Golden Jubilee meeting, this meeting was still being talked about during coffee breaks among the faculty when I entered graduate school in the fall of 1958, and it deserves mention as clearly one of the most unique and delightful meetings in the history of APS. This was the 46th annual meeting, held jointly with the Pacific Division of APS and the Potato Association of America (PAA), on August 25-27 at the YMCA Conference Camp in Estes Park, CO. James H. Jensen, provost at Iowa State College, was APS president. Members brought their families and camped. Secretary Glen Pound estimated in his report that 1,100 were in attendance, of whom 525 were members. There were 208 formal research papers presented in addition to two symposia, four informal discussion sessions, and one joint session with the PAA. As Pound describes it, “the annual banquet was held as a Chuck Wagon dinner in a colorful western atmosphere. Over 1000 persons attended. Entertainment which was particularly colorful and appropriate was presented by plant pathologists of the University of Wyoming.”

The first annual meeting that I remember, because it was the first one I attended, was the 1960 meeting held at a Baptist camp at Green Lake, WI. Local arrangements were provided by the University of Wisconsin, and the venue no doubt was the choice of Glen Pound, then chair of the Department of Plant Pathology at Wisconsin. We slept in bunk beds, two-high, and typically four to a room. We soon found the closest bar a short distance from the camp, but the gate to the main road into and out of the camp was locked each night at 10:00 p.m. This meant climbing over a fence to get back to our rooms. W. C. Snyder, who enjoyed a libation from time to time, was president and managed with his typically “dry” wit to make some comment during a general session that brought down the house, although probably not appreciated by Glen Pound. I didn’t know it at the time, but I would begin my Ph.D. studies at the University of California, Berkeley, in February of the following year, with W. C. Snyder as my major professor. As mentioned above, it was also at this meeting that Council approved the recommendations of an ad hoc committee chaired by Pound to form two super committees—the Program Committee chaired by the vice president with 15

49 member representatives of the APS committees, and the Publications Committee with membership representing the five Society publications at that time and forerunner to today’s Publication Board.

The other meeting that I remember particularly well, also a historically important one, was the 1984 annual meeting held jointly with the Canadian Phytopathological Society on the campus of the University of Guelph. It was my privilege to serve the Society as its president at this meeting. Establishment of a new publication arm of the Society, to be named APS PRESS, was approved by Council at this meeting. This was the last campus meeting of APS. For all intents and purposes, the practice of local arrangements provided by the faculty of a university department of plant pathology in the state or province where the meeting was held also ended with this meeting. Since then, local arrangements have been negotiated and handled by professional staff at APS Headquarters, allowing the members to concentrate on program content and affairs of the Society.

Governance, Volunteerism, and Member Services This entire 100-year history treatise is actually a history of APS governance, volunteerism, and member services. The remarkable accomplishments and effectiveness of the Society Combine the energy, over the past 100 years are a direct result of the commitment, vision, and hard work of innovative ideas, and the members. It has not been unusual, in the annual appointment of new members to time commitments of committees and boards, to have 100% or nearly 100% of those asked say yes. APS officers in recent years have regularly quoted the number of volunteers serving the Society in some members with the hard capacity in any one year as more than 500. Combine the energy, innovative ideas, and work and dedication time commitments of members with the hard work and dedication of the highly qualified paid professional staff and we have an explanation for past accomplishments and a recipe of the highly qualified for continued success. Nevertheless, possibly the most oft-repeated comment of retiring paid professional staff APS presidents has been: “The Society is in great health, but this does not mean that it and we have an could not be better.” explanation for past It seems appropriate to close this treatise with a few more examples from the many accomplishments developments in governance, volunteerism, and member services of the Society that have not been mentioned to this point but are historically interesting or significant. The and a recipe for APS Manual of Operations, with job descriptions for each of the officers, councilors, and continued success. directors and chairs of boards and committees, has gone through several revisions and expansions since the first manual developed in 1975 under President James Tammen. – R. James Cook, 2008 Larry Madden referred to the description in the Manual of Operations of his duties as APS president in 1997 as “two pages (in small print).” The highly successful but relatively short-lived APS Members Breakfast and Business Meeting debuted in 1994 at the Albuquerque meeting. The 1995 Members Breakfast and Business Meeting came to a close with the presentation to the Society by President Sue Tolin of a new gavel case handcrafted from native Virginia black walnut by Floyd County, VA, artisans Tom and Moss Baldwin. The lid cover is engraved with the APS Seal, and the inside bears a plaque engraved with the words: “Facing the Issues. Presented by Sue Ann Tolin, 1995.” It also bears the inscription found on the original tattered cardboard gavel box: “The Symbol of Leadership.” The gavel itself is engraved with the words: “Presented by W. C. Snyder to S. E. A. McCallan” (Snyder and McCallan were APS presidents in 1960–61 and 1961–62, respectively). The 1995 meeting also featured the third annual “First Timers’ Orientation,” in which President-Elect W. Fry welcomed new members, overseas registrants, and first-time meeting attendees, offering ideas on how to network and become involved at the meeting. An APS Governance Committee was formed in 2000 “to examine the governance structure of APS and make recommendations for possible changes.” The first Friend of APS awards, established by the Society to recognize service to APS and plant pathology by nonmembers, were given in 2004 to Kenneth Frazier, Director of the University of Wisconsin Library System, and George W. Korch, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. And most appropriately, the first APS Outstanding Volunteer awards, established by Council in 2004, were given in 2005 to Joyce Loper and Donald White.

50 Acknowledgments

I am especially grateful to Paul Peterson, APS Historian, for our many discussions and exchanges by phone and e-mail, for his help in familiarizing me with the APS Archives held at Iowa State University, and for his helpful suggestions with the organization of this review. I also thank José Amador for his help with the history of the formation of the Caribbean Division of APS; Ray Tarleton for helpful conversations and e-mail exchanges; Melissa Gottwald, Park Library, Iowa State University, for her help in arranging selected files of the APS collection for my review; staff at APS Headquarters, particularly Steve Nelson, Michelle Bjerkness, and Greg Grahek, for their help in providing annual reports and many of the details; James MacDonald, Jaqueline Fletcher, and Christopher Mundt for their helpful comments on the manuscripts; and Paul Peterson and Cleora J. D’Arcy for their reviews of the manuscript. The factual information in this treatise came mainly from past annual reports of the Society and the APS collections held at the Park Library at Iowa State University in Ames (http://www.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/manuscripts/MS175.html). Several large files of correspondence dating from the 1950s and left by George Fischer with the Washington State University Department of Plant Pathology also proved very useful.

Literature Cited

1. Andrews, J. H. 2006. What can industry do for APS? 14. Cook, R. J., and Baker, K. F. 1983. The Nature and Practice Phytopathology News 40:2. of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 2. Andrews, J. H. 2006. What can APS do for industry? Phytopathology News 40:14. 15. Cook, R. J., and Qualset, C. O., eds. 1996. Appropriate oversight for plants with inherited traits for resistance to 3. Baker, K. F., and Cook, R. J. 1974. Biological Control of pests. A report from 11 professional scientific societies, Plant Pathogens. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco. coordinated by the Institute of Food Technologists, Chicago, (Reprinted 1982, American Phytopathological Society, St. IL. Paul, MN.) 16. Cook, R. J., and Veseth, R. J. 1991. Wheat Health 4. Baker, K. F., and Snyder, W. C. 1965. Ecology of Soil-borne Management. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Plant Pathogens: Prelude to Biological Control. University of MN. California Press, Berkeley.

17. Cook, R. J., Gabriel, C. J., Kelman, A., Tolin, S., and 5. Bawden, F., d’Oliveria, B., Sadasivan, T. S. Săvulescu, A., Vidaver, A. K. 1995. Research on plant disease and pest Snyder, W. C., and Uritani, I. 1969. Summary of management is essential to sustainable agriculture. proceedings of the First International Congress of Plant BioScience 45:254-257. Pathology. Rev. Appl. Mycol. 48:225. 18. Delp, C. J. 1981. Long-range planning for APS. 6. Bolley, H.L. 1901. Flax wilt and flax-sick soil. North Dakota Phytopathology News 65:856-857. Ag. Exp. Sta. Bull. 50:27-60. 19. Delp, C. J. 1982. A long-range plan for APS. 7. Borlaug, N. 2007. Comments from APS Award of Phytopathology News 66:535. Distinction honoree. Phytopathology News 41:124. 20. Gold, S. 2007. Microbe genome sequence list: 2008 revision. 8. Bruehl, G. W. 1961. Barley Yellow Dwarf. APS Monograph Phytopathology News 41:89. No. 1. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 21. Holton, C. S., Fischer, G. W., Fulton, R. W., Hart, H., and 9. Bruehl, G. W. 1975. Biology and Control of Soil-Borne McCallan, S. E. A., eds. Plant Pathology Problems and Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, St. Progress 1908–1958. University of Wisconsin Press, Paul, MN. Madison. 10. Campbell, C. L., Peterson, P. D., and Griffith, C. S. 1998. 22. Hopkins C. G. 1910. Soil Fertility and Permanent The War Emergency Board. Plant Disease 82:121-125. Agriculture. Country Life Education Series. Ginn and Co., 11. Campbell, C. L., Peterson, P. D., and Griffith, C. S. 1999. Boston, New York, Chicago, London, Atlanta, Dallas, The Formative Years of Plant Pathology in the United States. Columbus, and San Francisco. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 23. Horsfall, J. G. 1983. A look at the past. Pages 3-13 in: T. 12. Cardwell, K. F. 2004. The National Plant Diagnostic Kommedahl and P. H. Williams, eds., Challenging Problems Network is on the road. Phytopathology News 38:2. in Plant Health. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 13. Carrol, J. E. 1994. Learning Biology with Plant Pathology. NABT Monograph. National Association of Biology 24. Kelman, A. 1985. Plant pathology at the crossroads. Annu. Teachers, Reston, VA. Rev. Phytopathol. 23:1-11.

51 25. Kelman, A. 1995. Contributions of plant pathology to the 34. Parker, C. A., Rovira, A. D., Moore, K. J., Wong, P. T. W., biological sciences and industry. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. and Kollmorgen, J. F. 1985. Ecology and Management of 33:1-21. Soilborne Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 26. Kommedahl, T., and Williams, P. H., eds. 1983. Challenging Problems in Plant Health. American Phytopathological 35. Peterson, P. D., and Griffith, C. S. 2000. C. L. Shear: Gifted Society, St. Paul, MN. mycologist, plant pathologist, and APS founder. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 38:19-29. 27. Kommedahl, T., Nelson, S. C., and Wimer, M. 1983. Promoting plant health through communication. Pages 36. Staskawicz, B. J., Dahlbeck, D., and Keen, N. T. 1984. 23-30 in: T. Kommedahl and P. H. Williams, eds., Cloned avirulence gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea Challenging Problems in Plant Health. American determines race specific incompatibility of Glycine max (L.) Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Merr. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 81:6024-6028. 28. Lockwood, J. L. 1985. Doctor of Plant Health degree and 37. Stevenson, J. A. 1959. The beginnings of plant pathology in international programs: Council acts. Phytopathology News North America. 69:547. Pages 14-23 in: C. S. Holton, G. W. Fischer, R. W. Fulton, H. Hart, and S. E. A. McCallan, eds., Plant Pathology 29. Lyman, G. R. 1918. Minutes of the War Emergency Board Problems and Progress 1908–1958. University of Wisconsin of American Plant Pathologists. Science XLVII [ No. 1209]: Press, Madison. 210-213. 38. Stowell, L. J., Amador, J., Barnett, O. W., Cook, R. J., 30. Maxwell, D. P. 1986. Long-range research goals for plant Mathre, D. E., Vidaver, A. K., and Tolin, S. A. 1998. pathology. Phytopathology News 20:105-106, 108-109. Certification and The American Phytopathological Society. 31. McCallan, S. E. A. 1959. The American Phytopathological Plant Disease 82:836-837. Society—The first fifty years. Pages 24-31 in: C. S. Holton, 39. Tarleton, R. J. 2000. History of the American Association of G. W. Fischer, R. W. Fulton, H. Hart, and S. E. A. Cereal Chemists: 1915–2000. American Association of McCallan, eds., Plant Pathology Problems and Progress Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN. APS Centennial 1908–1958. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. 40. Wilhelm, S., and Tietz, H. 1978. Julius Kuehn: His concept 32. McCallan, S. E. A. 1961. President’s column. of plant pathology. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 16:343-358. Oral History Project Phytopathology 51:53. 41. Zentmyer, G. A., Thurston, H. D., and Niederhauser, 33. Paddock, W. C. 1983. Healthy plants: A threat to civilization J. S. 1983. International cooperation in agricultural research: (and a challenge to APS). Pages 31-44 in: T. Kommedahl and Darin M. Eastburn The basis for feeding more people and feeding people more. P. H. Williams, eds., Challenging Problems in Plant Health. Pages 501-515 in: T. Kommedahl and P. H. Williams, eds., Department of Crop Sciences American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Challenging Problems in Plant Health. American University of Illinois, Urbana Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

52 APS Centennial Oral History Project

Darin M. Eastburn Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois, Urbana he idea of compiling an oral history in video format as part of the APS 2008 Centennial celebration was conceived by two members of the Centennial Planning Committee, Rose Gergerich and Paul Peterson. Because I have some interest and experience in video production, I was asked by Cleo D’Arcy, chair of the committee, to oversee the project.

Rose, Paul, and I had several discussions on what the format and content of the project might be. Using examples of efforts by other societies as models, we finally decided to compile a series of six, 20-minute video segments, wherein a distinguished member of the society would be interviewed by another member on the topic of their mutual area of expertise. The number and length of the segments were determined, in part, by the limitations of the DVD medium on which we planned to distribute the project, and the desire to have the segments short enough to be convenient for teaching purposes. That left us with the task of selecting the six topics to be covered, as well as the interviewers and interviewees for each topic.

Seeking broad consensus on the selection of topics and interview participants, we decided to solicit input from prominent members of APS. We compiled a list of distinguished members, including past presidents of the Society, Society award winners, and members of the National Academy of Sciences. I then asked these individuals to suggest topics to cover, a prominent APS member suitable to be interviewed on that topic, and a colleague to be the interviewer. We received many excellent suggestions for topics and participants, and were left with the task of selecting only six topics from a list of over 20. We ended up focusing on the foundation of plant pathology, the four pathogen groups (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and viruses), along with the role of Extension plant pathology, and the history of the Society from the perspective of the headquarters staff. We then sifted through the lists of suggestions for potential interviewees and interviewers to develop a short list for each topic. The list of potential topics and participants was presented to and approved by the APS Centennial Planning Committee.

As is historically appropriate, given that the first identified plant pathogen was a fungus (sensu lato), the first interview recorded was on the topic of mycology and its role in the discipline of plant pathology and the history of APS. APS and the Mycological Society of America were scheduled to hold a joint meeting in the summer of 2006, so we decided to take that opportunity to conduct our first interview. Charles Mims and Lori Carris were adventurous enough to step up and set the tone for the remainder of the interviews. At the 2006 meeting in Quebec City, we also recorded the interview of José Amador by Tom Zitter, covering the topic of Extension plant pathology. Recording sessions with Terry Niblack interviewing Ken Barker on the topic of nematology and Jan Leach interviewing Anne Vidaver on the topic of bacteriology were conducted at the joint meeting with the Society of Nematologists in San Diego in 2007. The interviews of Ray Tarleton by Steve Nelson on the history of APS headquarters, and of Milt Zaitlin by Karen-Beth Scholthof on the topic of virology, were recorded in Tucson, Arizona and Ithaca, New York respectively, in the fall of 2007.

Each interview lasted for over an hour, and selecting the pieces for the 20-minute segments was not easy, as I found all of the material to be very interesting. Because of the importance of preserving the interviews as a whole, longer versions of each interview have been deposited in the APS archives. We also realize that these six topics do not adequately encompass the breadth of the discipline of plant pathology, so we hope that this project will serve as a model for recording oral histories from APS members on a wide range of topics in the future.

54 Oral History Features Prominent APS Members

José Amador Ray Tarleton

Ken Barker Anne Vidaver

Charles Mims Milt Zaitlin

While interviewing prominent members of APS on important topics in plant pathology was an amazing opportunity, it was also my contention that the American Phytopathological Society is made up of a wide range of people at various stages in their careers with many interesting stories of their own. Focusing only on the stars of our discipline would present an inadequate depiction of the functions and benefits of our Society. Giving all members a chance to tell their stories about their lives as plant pathologists, their relationships with mentors and colleagues, and the role that APS has played in their careers would be an invaluable addition to the Centennial Oral History Project. So at both the 2006 and 2007 annual meetings in Quebec City and San Diego, we gave all who were brave enough to step in front of a camera a chance to tell their stories. These shorter interviews were edited and have been provided in DVD format as part of the Oral History Project.

I want to thank all of the APS members who were willing to share their time, experiences, thoughts, and feelings for this project. Your generosity has enriched us all.

55 Centennial Oral History DVD Table of Contents

Perspectives, Reflections and Insights from Prominent Plant Pathologists – Disc 1

• APS Headquarters / Raymond (Ray) J. Tarleton, Oro Valley, • Mycology and Plant Pathology / Charles W. Mims, University AZ and Steven C. Nelson, APS, St Paul, MN of Georgia, Athens, GA and Lori M. Carris, Washington State • Bacteriology and Plant Pathology / Anne K. Vidaver, University, Pullman, WA University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE and Jan E. Leach, • Nematology and Plant Pathology / Kenneth R. Barker, North Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC and Terry L. Niblack, • Extension Plant Pathology / José Amador, Texas Agric University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Experiment Station, McAllen, TX and Thomas A. Zitter, • Virology and Plant Pathology / Milton Zaitlin, Cornell Cornell University, Ithaca, NY University, Ithaca, NY and Karen-Beth G. Scholthof, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

Stories and Comments from APS Members – Disc 2

• Zahi Kanaan-Atallah, University of California, Salinas, CA • Robert (Bob) T. McMillan, Jr., Kerry’s Nursery Inc, • Mohammad Babadoost, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Homestead, FL • Ziaeddin (Zia) Banihashemi, Shiraz University, Iran • Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing, University of Illinois, Macomb, IL • Richard (Rick) M. Bostock, University of California, • Andrea M. Pabon, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Davis, CA • Wayne L. Pedersen, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL • Lawrence (Larry) G. Brown, USDA APHIS, Raleigh, NC • Naidu A. Rayapati, Washington State University, Prosser, WA • Raghavan Charudattan, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL • Jean B. Ristaino, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC • Stella Melugin Coakley, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR • S. Anwar Rizvi, USDA APHIS PPQ EDP, Bowie, MD • Jodi E. Creasap, Cornell University, Fredonia, NY • Randall (Randy) C. Rowe, Ohio State University, • Cleora J. D’Arcy, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Wooster, OH APS Member Tributes: • Vladimir Teodoro Castaneda De Leon, UNAM, Mexico • Hunthrike Shekar Shetty, University of Mysore, Mysore, • Robert (Rob) Wayne Duncan, University of California, Karnataka, India Davis, CA • Malcolm C. Shurtleff, Pearland, TX, Past to Present • Christopher (Chris) T. Gee, Cornell University, Geneva, NY • Karl C. Steddom, Texas Cooperative Extension, Overton, TX • Silvina L. Giammaria, Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial, • Erik L. Stromberg, VPI & State University, Blacksburg, VA Las Talitas, Tucuman Argentina • Allison H. Tally, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC • Robert (Bob) L. Gilbertson, University of California, • Sue A. Tolin, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Davis, CA • Carla S. Thomas, University of California, Davis, CA • Mark L. Gleason, Iowa State University, Ames, IA • Anne K. Vidaver, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE • Philip F. Harmon, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL • Paul Vincelli, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY • Richard (Dick) William Hoenisch, University of California, • Ronald (Ron) R. Walcott, University of Georgia, Athens, GA Davis, CA • Juliet M. Windes, University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID • Gerald J. Holmes, North Carolina State University, • Gail C. Wisler, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Raleigh, NC • Richard J. Zeyen, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN • Donald (Don) L. Hopkins, University of Florida, Apopka, FL Group Interviews • Robert (Bob) P. Larkin, USDA ARS, Orono, ME • Laura L. Gallegos, University of California, Davis, CA; • Daniele Liberti, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Suzanne N. Rooney-Latham, California Dept of Food & Canada Agriculture, Sacramento, CA; and Tera Pitman, University of • Laurence (Larry) V. Madden, Ohio State University, California, Davis, CA Wooster, OH • Rufina Hernandez-Martinez, CICESE, San Ysidro, CA; • David Makowski, INRA, France Meredith E. Ambroson, Monsanto Co, Kansas City, MO; and • James (Jim) J. Marois, University of Florida, Quincy, FL Carolee T. Bull, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA • Pamela (Pam) G. Marrone, Marrone Organic Innovations, • Peter M. Rogers, Nunhems USA, Brooks, OR; Isabel A. Davis, CA Munck, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and Jian Yao, • Raymond (Ray) D. Martyn, Jr., Purdue University, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI West Lafayette, IN • Jenifer H. McBeath, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK

56 APS Member Tributes: Past to Present These listings were put together based on a compilation of various APS resources. If you notice any discrepencies please contact APS Headquarters to ensure our archives are accurate.

58 APS Charter Members

One-hundred thirty plant pathologists joined together to become the Charter Members of The American Phytopathological Society in October 1909. These founding members are listed below, along with their place of work, where available, and address at that time.

Adelina Ames, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Carl Hartley, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC J. C. Arthur, Lafayette, IN Lon A. Hawkins, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC S. M. Bain, Knoxville, TN F. D. Heald, University Texas, Austin, TX O. M. Ball, College Station, TX G. G. Hedgecock, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC W. S. Ballard, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Florence Hedges, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC H. W. Barre, Clemson College, SC R. P. Hibbard, Agric. College, MS J. T. Barrett, Illinois University, Urbana, IL Wm. T. Horne, University Calif., Berkeley, CA M. F. Barrus, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY C. J. Humphrey, Madison, WI T. D. Beckwith, Agric. College, ND H. S. Jackson, Exp. Sta., Corvallis, OR Chas E. Bessey, Lincoln, NE Ivan C. Jagger, Ithaca, NY Ernst A. Bessey, East Lansing, MI Clara O. Jamieson, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC A. F. Blakeslee, Conn. Agric. College, Storrs, CT C. N. Jensen, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY H. L. Bolley, Agric. College, ND Edw. C. Johnson, Bur. Plant Inc., Washington, DC Chas Brooks, Durham, NH L. R. Jones, University Wis., Madison, WI Nellie A. Brown, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC F. D. Kern, Lafayette, IN A. H. R. Buller, Winnipeg, MB, Canada W. H. Lawrence, Puyallup, WA O. Butler, Madison, WI C. E. Lewis, Orono, ME M. A. Carlton, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC W. Lockhead, Macdonald College, Quebec, Canada Vera K. Charles, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC B. F. Lutman, University Vermont, Burlington, VT G. P. Clinton, Agric. Exp. Sta., New Haven, CT Lucia Mcculloch, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC J. Franklin Collins, Brown University, Providence, RI R. E. B. Mckenney, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Mel T. Cook, Newark, DE Thomas F. Manns,Wooster, OH J. B. Dandeno, East Lansing, MI Frances G. Markham, Dorranceton, PA J. J. Davis, Racine, WI Haven Metcalf, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Anne Dorrance, Dorranceton, PA Geo. F. Miles, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC B. M. Duggar, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY W. J. Morse, Oron,. ME J. W. Eastham, Ant. Agric. College, Guelph, MB, Canada W. A. Murrill, N. Y. Bot. Garden, Bronx Park, NY C. W. Edgerton, Baton Rouge, LA J. B. S. Norton, College Park, MD H. A. Edson, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC P. J. O’gara, Medford, OR W. G. Farlow, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA E. W. Olive, Brookings, SD H. S. Fawcett, Gainesville, FL W. A. Orton, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Ethel C. Field, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC L. H. Pammel, Ames, IA Harry M. Fitzpatrick, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Flora W. Patterson, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC B. F. Floyd, Fla. Exp. Sta., Gainesville, FL Chas H. Peck, State Museum, Albany, NY E. M. Freeman, University Farm, St. Paul, MN J. B. Pollock, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI G. T. French, Agric. Exp. Sta., Geneva, NY Venus W. Pool, University Nebraska, Lincoln, NE H. R. Fulton, State College, PA F. V. Rand, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC B. T. Galloway, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC J. M. Reade, University Georgia, Athens, GA Harrison Garman, Lexington, KY D. Reddick, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY N. J. Giddings, Morgantown, WV Geo. M. Reed, University Mo., Columbia, MO A. H. Gilbert, State College, Lexington, KY H. S. Reed, Blacksburg, VA W. W. Gilbert, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC E. C. Rittue, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Robert F. Griggs, Cambridge, MA J. W. Roberts, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Herbert Giioh, Central Exp. Farm, Ottawa, ON, Canada F. M. Rolfs, Mountain Grove, MO J. C. Grossenbacher, Agric. Exp. Sta., Geneva, NY P. H. Rolfs, Gainesville, FL H. T. Gussow, Central Exp. Farm, Ottawa, ON, Canada James Birch Rorer, Port-Of-Spain, Trinidad J. G. Hall, Clemson College, SC W. M. Scott, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC B. D. Halstead, New Brunswick, NJ Fred J. Seaver, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, NY H. A. Harding, Geneva, NY A. D. Selby, Wooster, OH R. A. Harper, University Wisconsin, Madison, WI H. B. Shaw, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC W. O. Hart, New Orleans, LA C. L. Shear, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC L. L. Harter, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC J. L. Sheldon, Morgantown, WV

59 Erwin F. Smith, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC C. O. Townsend, Garden City, KS Ralph E. Smith, Whittier, CA J. M. Van Hook, University Ind., Bloomington, IN Clifford E. Snyder, Pittstown, NJ Hermann Von Schrenck, St. Louis, MO Perley Spaulding, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC M. B. Waite, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Alden Speare, Office State Forester, Boston, MA Geo N. Walcott, Ithaca, NY F. L. Stevens, West Raleigh, NC Leva Belle Walker, University Nebraska, Lincoln, NE F. C. Stewart, Geneva, NY Errett Wallace, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY V. B. Stewart, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY H. H. Whetzel, Ithaca, NY R. E. Stone, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY E. Meade Wilcox, Lincoln, NE Dean B. Swingle, Bozeman, MT Guy West Wilson, West Raleigh, NC J. J. Taubenhaus, Del. Agric. Exp. Sta., Newark, DE F. A. Wolf, University Texas, Austin, TX Roland Thaxter,Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Anna K. Wood, Bur. Plant. Ind., Washington, DC M. B. Thomas,Crawfordsville, IN A. F. Woods, University Farm, St. Paul, MN

60 APS Leadership

APS has an impressive history of active engagement by its membership through the Society’s Council, Offices, Boards and Committees. Members offer a wealth of expertise which has truly made a difference in ensuring the success of the Society. Honored here are those that have served APS in a leadership position during the last 100 years.

Presidents 1959 G. S. Pound Secretary/Treasurers Councilors-at-Large 1909 L. R. Jones 1960 W. C. Snyder 1909-18 C. L. Shear 1909 B. M. Dugger 1910 F. L. Stevens 1961 S. E. A. McCallan 1919-22 G. R. Lylan 1909 J. B. S. Norton 1911 A. D. Selby 1962 W. B. Hewitt 1923-28 R. J. Haskell 1910 A. D. Selby 1912 G. P. Clinton 1963 C. S. Holton 1929-34 F. C. Meier 1910 H. H. Whetzel 1913 F. C. Stewart 1964 A. E. Dimond 1911 G. P. Clinton 1914 H. Metcalf 1965 W. J. Zaumeyer Secretaries 1911 Erwin F. Smith 1915 H. H. Whetzel 1966 G. A. Zentmyer 1912 W. A. Orton 1967 A. Kelman 1935-37 H. P. Barss 1916 E. F. Smith 1938-41 R. S. Kirby 1913 W. J. Morse 1917 M. T. Cook 1968 H. H. Flor 1914 H. R. Fulton 1969 A. W. Dimock 1942-44 C. C. Allison 1918 E. M. Freeman 1945-47 E. M. Johnson 1915 M. T. Cook 1919 C. L. Shear 1970 D. E. Ellis 1916 E. C. Stakman 1971 T. Kommedahl 1948-50 C. May 1920 W. A. Orton 1951-52 S. E. A. McCallan 1916 F. D. Kern 1921 D. Reddick 1972 J. P. Fulton 1917 H. S. Jackson 1973 H. L. Barnett 1953-56 G. S. Pound 1922 E. C. Stakman 1957-58 W. B. Hewitt 1918 L. R. Jones 1923 G. R. Lyman 1974 R. J. Green, Jr. 1919 D. Reddick 1975 J. F. Tammen 1959-63 G. A. Zentmyer 1924 F. D. Fromme 1964-66 J. R. Shay 1920 G. H. Coons 1925 C. W. Edgerton 1976 R. Aycock 1921 N. J. Giddings 1977 G. W. Bruehl 1967-69 J. P. Fulton 1926 I. E. Melhus 1970-71 R. J. Green, Jr. 1922 H. B. Humphrey 1927 M. F. Barrus 1978 D. F. Bateman 1922 I. E. Melhus 1979 J. F. Schafer 1972-74 R. E. Ford 1928 H. P. Barss 1975-77 W. Garrett 1923 M. F. Barrus 1929 R. J. Haskell 1980 L. H. Purdy 1924 C. R. Orton 1981 W. N. Garrett 1978-80 D. A. Slack 1930 H. S. Fawcett 1980-83 A. K.Vidaver 1925 W. Crocker 1931 M. W. Gardner 1982 J. A. Browning 1926 J. B. S. Norton 1983 R. E. Ford 1983-86 C. J. Delp 1932 F. D. Heald 1986-89 O. W. Barnett, Jr. 1927 C. L. Shear 1933 J. C. Arthur 1984 R. J. Cook 1928 F. D. Fromme 1985 J. L. Lockwood 1989-92 M. N. Cline 1934 N. E. Stevens 1992-95 J. Fletcher 1929 M. W. Gardner 1935 H. T. Güssow 1986 L. Sequeira 1930 W. D. Valleau 1987 A. K. Vidaver 1995-98 R. C. Gergerich 1936 G. H. Coons 1998-01 D. J. Jardine 1930 H. P. Barss 1937 G. W. Keitt 1988 A. R. Weinhold 1931 G. W. Keitt 1989 D. E. Mathre 2001-04 C. A. Ishimaru 1938 H. W. Anderson 2004-10 D. T. Beadle 1932 L. O. Kunkel 1939 C. R. Orton 1990 P. H. Williams 1933 Carl Hartley 1991 G. N. Agrios 1940 C. Chupp Treasurers 1934 F. D. Heald 1941 J. G. Leach 1992 O. W. Barnett, Jr. 1935 J. C. Walker 1942 L. M. Hutchins 1993 R. C. Rowe 1935-43 H. A. Edson 1936 N. E. Stevens 1943 J. C. Walker 1994 C. J. D’Arcy 1944-46 R. M. Caldwell 1937 C. Chupp 1944 J. J. Christensen 1995 S. A. Tolin 1947-49 M. C. Richards 1938 J. J. Christensen 1945 H. B. Humphrey 1996 W. E. Fry 1950-51 A. E. Dimond 1939 E. B. Lambert 1946 J. H. Craigie 1997 L. V. Madden 1952-58 S. Rich 1940 H. W. Anderson 1947 A. J. Riker 1998 C. L. Campbell 1959-64 A. W. Dimock 1940 J. B. Kendrick, Sr. 1948 R. S. Kirby 1999 C. E. Windels 1965-67 D. H. Marsden 1941 J. G. Horsfall 1949 W. D. Valleau 2000 N. K. Van Alfen 1968-70 M. F. Kernkamp 1942 H. A. Rodenhiser 1950 C. M. Tucker 2001 S. A. Slack 1971-76 L. H. Purdy 1943 J. G. Leach 1951 J. G. Horsfall 2002 N. T. Keen 1977-82 E. L. Kendrick 1944 R. S. Kirby 1952 G. L. McNew 2003 J. Fletcher 1983-88 H. R. Cameron 1945 R. W. Goss 1953 J. G. Dickson 2004 G. C. Bergstrom 1989-91 D. W. French 1946 C. M.Tucker 1954 G. F. Weber 2005 J. D. MacDonald 1992-97 S.P. Pennypacker 1947 J. H. Jensen 1955 J. H. Jensen 2006 J. H. Andrews 1997-03 J. L. Sherwood 1948 S. J. P. Chilton 1956 H. Hart 2007 J. E. Leach 2003-06 E. L. Stromberg 1949 W. H. Tisdale 1957 G. W. Fischer 2008 R. D. Martyn, Jr. 2006-09 R. C. Rowe 1950 G. L. McNew 1958 P. R. Miller 1951 S. J. P. Chilton

61 1951 G. C. Kent Editors-in-Chief Editors-in-Chief Councilors of the North 1952 G. A. Zentmyer Phytopathology APS PRESS Central Division 1953 G. W. Fischer 1911-14 L. R. Jones 1984-87 G. N. Agrios 1951-53 E. W. Hanson 1954 P. R. Miller 1915-17 D. Reddick 1988-91 R. W. Smiley 1959-61 T. Kommedahl 1955 W. C. Snyder 1918-20 W. A. Orton 1992-94 S. A. Slack 1966-69 J. E. Mitchell 1956 S. E. A. McCallan 1921-24 P. Spaulding 1995-97 K. J. Leonard 1969-71 R. E. Ford 1957 R. A. Young 1925-28 E. C. Stakman 1998-00 S. M. Douglas 1973-76 J. Artie Browning 1958 R. Sprague 1929-43 H. B. Humphrey 2001-03 R. C. Ploetz 1979-82 P. H. Williams 1959 J. R. Shay 1944-51 H. Hart 2004-06 R. C. Gergerich 1982-85 R. L. Kiesling 1960 C. S. Holton 1952-54 W. C. Price 2007-09 M. L. Daughtrey 1985-88 R. C. Rowe 1961 A. Kelman 1955-57 A. F. Ross 1988-90 M. L. Lacy 1961 A. L. Taylor 1958-60 E. E. Wilson Editors-in-Chief 1991-93 A. H. Ellingboe 1962 A. Kelman 1961-63 R. W. Fulton Phytopathology News 1993-96 D. J. Jardine 1963 J. H. Owen 1964-67 T. Kommedahl 1967-69 M.C. Shurtleff 1996-99 P. E. Lipps 1964 S. Rich 1968-69 G. W. Bruehl 1970-76 R. J. Campana 1999-02 F. W. Nutter, Jr. 1965 R. M. Caldwell 1970-72 R. Aycock 1977-82 H.E. Waterworth 2002-05 R. D. Martyn, Jr. 1966 J. E. Mitchell 1973-75 A. R. Weinhold 1983-84 A.H. Epstein 2005-08 R. Hammerschmidt 1967 G. A. Gries 1976-78 R. L. Millar 1985-87 C.C. Powell 1968 J. B. Kendrick, Jr. 1979-81 L. Sequeira 1988-90 L. D. Moore Councilors of the 1969 G. H. Hepting 1982-84 K. J. Leonard 1991-95 C. L. Campbell Northeastern Division 1970 M. C. Shurtleff 1985-87 G. E. Shaner 1996-01 R. F. Nyvall 1971 J. F. Tammen 1941-42 F. L. Howard 1988-90 D. M. Benson 2002-03 S. A. Johnston 1972 G. W. Bruehl 1943-44 O.C. Boyd 1991-93 L. V. Madden 2003-07 M. L. Daughtrey 1972-75 D. F. Bateman 1945-46 M. C. Richards 1994-96 D. C. Gross 2007-09 J. E. Loper 1973-76 J. F. Schafer 1946-47 T. Sproston 1997-99 M. E. Daub 1947-50 S. E. A. McCallan 1974-77 D. W. Rosberg Editors-in-Chief 2000-02 B. I. Hillman 1950-51 M. T. Hilborn 1975-78 F. A. Wood 2003-05 C. C. Mundt Plant Health Instructor 1976-79 J. Artie Browning 1951-52 L. M. Black 2006-08 R. L. Gilbertson 2000-05 G. L. Schumann 1952-54 F. O. Holmes 1977-80 R. James Cook 2009-11 N. Grunwald 1978-81 J. L. Lockwood 2006-11 A. B. Baudoin 1961-62 G. A. Brandes 1979-82 R. L. Millar 1962-64 A. E. Rich Editors-in-Chief Editors-in-Chief 1980-83 D. A. Slack 1964-66 S. Rich Plant Disease Plant Health Progress 1981-84 D. E. Mathre 1965-67 K. Maramorosch 1982-85 A. R. Weinhold 1980-82 M. C. Shurtleff 2001-04 T. D. Murray 1969-71 J. F. Tammen 1983-86 B. Jacobsen 1983-88 C. W. Horne 2005-07 D. M. Benson 1971-73 C. J. Gilcut 1984-87 D. C. Ramsdell 1989-91 W. A. Sinclair 2008-10 M. E. Matheron 1974-77 C. W. Boothroyd 1985-88 D. P. Maxwell 1992-94 W. L. Pedersen 1977-80 L. V. Edgington 1986-89 W. E. Fry 1995-97 M. R. McLaughlin Editor-in-Chief 1980-83 R J. Campana 1987-90 R. C. Rowe 1998-00 G. E. Shaner Plant Disease 1983-86 R. A. Rohde 1988-91 C. J. D’Arcy 2001-03 A. R. Biggs Management Reports 1986-89 D. R. Houston 1989-92 S. A. Tolin 2004-06 K. L. Bowen 2007-09 D. S. Egel 1989-92 S. P. Pennypacker 1990-93 C. E. Windels 2007-09 A. P. Keinath 1992-94 K. D. Hickey 1991-94 M. L. Powelson Councilors of the 1994-97 A. R. Gotlieb 1992-95 M. N. Cline Editors-in-Chief Caribbean Division 1997-00 T. J. Burr MPMI 2000-03 B. J. Christ 1993-96 K. E. Conway 1971-73 J. A B. Nolla 1994-97 N. K. Van Alfen 1988 G. Bruening 2003-06 M. T. McGrath 1974-77 B. H. Waite 2006-09 R. L. Wick 1995-98 J. Fletcher 1989-91 L. Sequeira 1978-81 R. Rodriguez-Kabana 1996-99 H. R. Dillard 1992-94 F. Ausubel 1982-85 J. S. Mignucci Councilors of the 1997-00 J. E. Loper 1995-97 S. B. Gelvin 1986-88 R. Rodriguez-Kabana Pacific Division 1998-01 R. C. Gergerich 1998-00 J. E. Leach 1988-93 J. Amador 1999-02 S. S. Hurtt 2001-03 H. P. Spaink 1993-96 B. Villalon 1945-47 L. D. Leach 2000-03 J. H. Andrews 2004-06 J. Stougaard 1996-99 J. E. Polston 1947-49 M. W. Gardner 2001-04 R. R. Bélanger 2007-09 J. D. Walton 1999-02 S. A. Cantrell 1949-51 L. C. Cochran 2002-05 M. A. Ellis 2002-06 J. K. Brown 1951-52 S. M. Dietz 2003-06 A. H. Tally 2006-08 L. A. Calvert 1952-53 W. B. Hewitt 2004-07 B. J. Christ 1953-55 P. R. Miller 2005-08 W. F. Wilcox 1957-59 R. A. Young 2006-09 G. W. Moorman 1963-66 C. Gardner Shaw 2007-10 M. J. Boehm 1966-69 G. Semeniuk

62 1969-70 S. Wilhelm 1977-80 W. L. Klarman APS Foundation Chairs Office of International Programs (OIP) Directors 1970-73 E. K. Vaughan 1980-83 F. M. Latterell 1987-93 J. F. Tammen 1973-76 R. B. Hine 1983-86 L. D. Moore 1993-96 B. G. Tweedy 1995-96 C. J. Delp 1976-77 R. James Cook 1986-89 R. Jay Stipes 1995-97 O. W. Barnett, Jr 1997-98 L. Sequeira 1977-81 D. E. Mathre 1989-92 W. L. MacDonald 1997-01 S. M. Coakley 1998-01 R. Bennett 1981-83 D.W. Burke 1992-95 R. B. Carroll 2001-05 D. E. Mathre 2001-04 G. S. Abawi 1983-86 M. V. Wiese 1995-98 S. S. Hurtt 2005-08 A. R. Chase 2004-07 R. C. Ploetz 1986-89 J. M. Ogawa 1998-01 E. L. Stromberg 2007-10 S. A. Miller 1989-92 M. L. Powelson 2001-04 A. Grybauskas Public Policy Board (PPB) 1992-94 R. K. Webster 2004-07 T. A. Evans Directors Office of Industry 1994-97 R. W. Smiley 2007-10 K. L. Everts Relations (OIR) Directors 1997-00 G. A. Chastagner 1991-00 A. K. Vidaver 2000-03 M. E. Matheron Councilors of the 2000-02 O. W. Barnett, Jr. 2001-04 C. M. Becker 2003-06 G. G. Grove Southern Division 2002-05 J. L. Sherwood 2004-07 H. Vincent Morton 2006-09 M. Putnam 2005-06 S. M. Coakley 2007-10 B. D. Olson 1957-59 D. E. Ellis 2006-10 J. Fletcher 1959-61 W. W. Hare Councilors of the Office of Public Relations 1961-64 A. Kelman Potomac Division Publication Board Chairs and Outreach (OPRO) 1966-69 J. P. Fulton Directors 1944-45 H. P. Barss 1969-71 T. T. Herbert 1996-97 M. R. McLaughlin 1945-47 R. J. Haskell 1971-74 D. Rosberg 1997-99 M. E. Daub 1996-00 G. C. Bergstrom 1947-48 E.E. Clayton 1974-77 C. H. Graves, Jr. 1999-00 G. E. Shaner 2000-03 G. L. Tylka 1948-50 P. R. Miller 1977-80 R. T. Gudauskas 2000-01 B. I. Hillman 2003-09 D. J. Jardine 1950-51 C. L. Lefebvre 1980-83 R. H. Littrell 2001-02 R.C. Ploetz 1951-53 C. E. Cox 1983-87 O. W. Barnett, Jr. 2002-03 A. R. Biggs Scientific Programs Board 1953-55 W. J. Zaumeyer 1987-90 J. M. McGuire 2003-04 C. C. Mundt (SPB) Directors 1955-56 W. D. McClellan 1990-93 K. E. Conway 2004-05 K. L. Bowen 2001-07 E. N. Rosskopf 1956-58 S. E. A. McCallan 1993-95 D. L. Hopkins 2005-11 M. E. Daub 2007-10 S.T. Adkins 1963-65 J. G. Moseman 1995-98 D. R. Sumner 1965-68 R. E. Webb 1998-01 D. T. Beadle Office of Electronic 1968-71 L. I. Miller 2001-04 A. K. Culbreath Communications (OEC) 1971-74 M. E. Gallegly, Jr. 2004-07 G. J. Holmes Directors 1974-77 H. B. Couch 2007-10 J. C. Rupe 1998-02 J. D. MacDonald 2002-05 J. B. Ristaino 2005-11 D. M. Eastburn

63 APS Awardees

Since the inception of the Awards & Honors program in 1962, the following individuals have been honored by APS for their significant contributions to the science of plant pathology and their leadership with the Society. APS Awards are presented annually at the APS Annual Meeting.

Award of Distinction 1965 James G. Horsfall 1969 J. W. Heuberger This award, the highest honor the Society 1965 Lee M. Hutchins 1969 Arthur Kelman can bestow, is presented on rare occasions to 1965 J. H. Jensen 1969 W. C. Price persons who have made truly exceptional 1965 G. W. Keitt 1970 L. J. Alexander contributions to plant pathology. 1965 George C. Kent 1970 Durward F. Bateman 1965 J. G. Leach 1970 C. M. Christensen 1967 E. C. Stakman 1965 Lysle D. Leach 1970 E. E. Clayton 1969 J. C. Walker 1965 George McNew 1970 R. W. Fulton 1972 James G. Horsfall 1965 I. E. Melhous 1970 William F. Rochow 1980 Harold H. Flor 1965 Paul R. Miller 1970 J. E. Vanderplank 1983 Arthur Kelman 1965 J. W. Oswald 1970 Paul E. Waggoner 1983 George Zentmyer 1965 Glenn S. Pound 1970 J. M. Wallace 1987 Raymond G. Grogan 1965 A. J. Riker 1970 H. E. Wheeler 1988 Myron K. Brakke 1965 H.A. Rodenhiser 1971 A. W. Dimock 1994 R. James Cook 1965 E. C. Stakman 1971 Mannon E. Gallegly, Jr. 1994 Luis Sequeira 1965 W. M. Stanley 1971 W. Q. Loegering 1998 Anne K. Vidaver 1965 G. Thorne 1971 Karl Maramorosch 2006 Milton Zaitlin 1965 W. D. Valleau 1971 R. R. Nelson 2007 Norman E. Borlaug 1965 J. C. Walker 1971 Luis Sequeira 1965 G. F. Weber 1971 Malcolm C. Shurtleff Distinguished Service Award 1965 C. E. Yarwood 1972 Myron K. Brakke This award honors APS members who have 1966 C.W. Bennett 1972 J. R. Christie provided sustained, outstanding leadership to 1966 Lindsay M. Black 1972 James E. DeVay the society, while also furthering the science of 1966 V. W. Cochrane 1972 J. Galindo Alonso plant pathology. This award is only presented 1966 A. E. Dimond 1972 L. J. Klotz upon the recommendation of APS Council. 1966 C. Drechsler 1972 E. S. Luttrell 1966 David Gottlieb 1972 A. G. Plakidas 1984 Thor Kommedahl 1966 G. H. Hepting 1972 R. L. Steere 1991 Raymond J. Tarleton 1966 F. O. Holmes 1972 H. David Thurston 1992 James F. Tammen 1966 T. Johnson 1972 Ronald K. S. Wood 2002 O. W. Barnett, Jr. 1966 R. A. Ludwig 1973 E. V. Abbott 2008 James D. MacDonald 1966 S. E. A. McCallan 1973 G. M. Armstrong Fellow 1966 Klaus. O. Muller 1973 Gordon A. Brandes 1966 W. C. Snyder 1973 Theodor O. Diener The society grants this honor to a current 1966 E. E. Wilson 1973 R. M. Lister APS member in recognition of distinguished 1966 Roy A. Young 1973 Roy L. Millar contributions to plant pathology or to The 1966 W. J. Zaumeyer 1973 Mary E. Shaw American Phytopathological Society. 1967 R. M. Caldwell 1973 Robert J. Shepherd 1965 H. W. Anderson 1967 F. L. Howard 1973 Hugh D. Sisler 1965 H. P. Barss 1967 H. H. McKinney 1973 A. J. Ullstrup 1965 A. C. Braun 1967 John S. Niederhauser 1973 C. Westcott 1965 C. Chupp 1967 Saul Rich 1974 George W. Bruehl 1965 G. H. Coons 1967 Ikuzo Uritani 1974 Stephen Diachun 1965 J. H. Craigie 1967 Saul Rich 1974 Rorbert N. Goodman 1965 C. W. Edgerton 1968 J. S. Boyce 1974 Arthur L. Hooker 1965 G. W. Fisher 1968 A. F. Ross 1974 Thomas A. Shalla 1965 Harold H. Flor 1968 W. N. Takahashi 1974 John T. Slykhuis 1965 M. W. Gardner 1968 F. A. Wolf 1974 Frederick L. Wellman 1965 J. G. Harrar 1968 G. Z. Zentmyer 1974 Stephen Wilhelm 1965 Helen Hart 1969 D. L. Bailey 1975 John G. Bald 1965 William Boright Hewitt 1969 K. F. Baker 1975 Agesilau A. Bitancourt 1965 C. S. Holton 1969 Raymond G. Grogan 1975 Joseph M. Daly

64 1975 John F. Fulkerson 1982 Laurence H. Purdy 1987 Srecko (John) M. Mircetich 1975 James W. Gerdemann 1982 Richard Stace-Smith 1987 Nathaniel (Dick) T. Powell 1975 William F. Mai 1982 Albert Wienhold 1987 Albert D. Rovira 1975 Pascal P. Pirone 1983 George N. Agrios 1988 Alois A. Bell 1975 Milton. N. Schroth 1983 George W. Bird 1988 Douglas W. Burke 1976 Antonio Ciccarone 1983 Julio Bird-Pinero 1988 Urban L. Diener 1976 Robert H. Daines 1983 Johannnes Dekker 1988 Eddie Echandi 1976 Joseph P. Fulton 1983 Charles J. Delp 1988 Gian L. Ercolani 1976 Donald J. Hagedorn 1983 Richard I.B. Francki 1988 Chuji Hiruki 1976 Tsune Kosuge 1983 Yigal Henis 1988 Sung M. Lim 1976 Herbert H. Luke 1983 Kurt J. Leonard 1988 Gad Loebenstein 1976 Charles J. Nusbaum 1983 Chester J. Mirocha 1988 Donald C. Ramsdell 1976 Johan G. Ten Houten 1983 Donald E. Munnecke 1988 John F. Schafer 1977 E. C. Calavan 1983 Daniel J. Samborski 1988 Hong Ji Su 1977 E. B. Cowling 1983 E. L. Gene Sharp 1988 Ivan J. Thomason 1977 Peter R. Day 1983 Anne K. Vidaver 1988 Billy G. Tweedy 1977 John L. Lockwood 1984 William R. Bushnell 1989 Carl H. Beckman 1977 George C. Papavizas 1984 P. Paul F. M. deNeergaard 1989 Eileen Brennan 1977 R. H. Stover 1984 Richard Durbin 1989 John M. Duniway 1977 Kohei Tomiyama 1984 Guillermo E. Galvez-Enriquez 1989 David W. French 1978 Albert H. Ellingboe 1984 Curtis W. Roane 1989 C. Wendell Horne 1978 Charles J. Gould 1984 August F. Schmitthenner 1989 John G. Moseman 1978 John E. Mitchell 1984 Marr D. Simons 1989 Rodrigo Rodríguez-Kábana 1978 Shu-Huang Ou 1984 Richard C. Staples 1989 Gregory E. Shaner 1978 Albert Siegel 1984 James F. Tammen 1989 Malcolm R. Siegel 1978 Furney A. Todd 1984 George E. Templeton, II 1989 Jui-Chang Tu 1978 Seymour D. Van Gundy 1984 Sue A. Tolin 1989 James L. Van Etten 1978 Milton Zaitlin 1985 Richard D. Berger 1989 Robert K. Webster 1979 Robert Aycock 1985 Richard J. Campana 1989 Homer D. Wells 1979 Victor H. Dropkin 1985 Robert E. Davis 1989 Gayle L. Worf 1979 John B. Rowell 1985 Joseph W. Eckert 1990 Tseh An Chen 1979 Robert P. Scheffer 1985 Donald C. Erwin 1990 William O. Dawson 1979 Irving R. Schneider 1985 Richard I. Hamilton 1990 William E. Fry 1979 Joseph S. Semancik 1985 Jürgen F. Kranz 1990 Alan L. Jones 1979 Wilson L. Smith, Jr. 1985 Harry H. Murakishi 1990 Michael J. Jeger 1979 Paul H. Williams 1985 Paul E. Nelson 1990 Edgar L. Kendrick 1980 Ralph Baker 1985 Waldemar E. Sackston 1990 Wen-Hsiung Ko 1980 Kenneth R. Barker 1985 Francis A. Wood 1990 Yeshwant L. Nene 1980 J. Artie Browning 1986 George Bruening 1990 Harry R. Powers, Jr. 1980 R. James Cook 1986 Arun K. Chatterjee 1990 Kenneth J. Scott 1980 Ralph J. Green, Jr. 1986 Elroy A. Curl 1990 Hans D. VanEtten 1980 William J. Hooker 1986 W. Harley English 1990 Olen C. Yoder 1980 Milton F. Kernkamp 1986 Anton J. Novacky 1991 Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia 1980 Thor Kommedahl 1986 Joseph M. Ogawa 1991 Marvin K. Beute 1980 Thomas P. Pirone 1986 Rosario Provvidenti 1991 Ilan Chet 1980 Lewis F. Roth 1986 Alan P. Roelfs 1991 Richard H. Converse 1980 Arden F. Sherf 1986 Norman C. Schenck 1991 Richard E. Ford 1980 Alex L. Shigo 1986 Peter H. Tsao 1991 Dennis Gonsalves 1981 John B. Bancroft 1986 Isaak Wahl 1991 Richard S. Hussey 1981 Joseph Kuc 1987 Horace L. Barnett 1991 Andrew O. Jackson 1981 Curt Leben 1987 Michael G. Boosalis 1991 Jaacov Katan 1981 G. Nyland 1987 Richard A. Frederiksen 1991 Noel T. Keen 1981 Albert O. Paulus 1987 Stephen M. Garnsey 1991 Elliot W. Kitajima 1981 Clayton O. Person 1987 Alva M. Golden 1991 Douglas P. Maxwell 1981 Syama P. Raychaudhuri 1987 Cedric W. Kuhn 1991 Derald A. Slack 1981 Robert E. Stall 1987 Frances M. Latterell 1992 Herb S. Aldwinckle 1982 James E. Duffus 1987 Roger H. Lawson 1992 José Amador 1982 Michele C. Heath 1987 Gino Malaguti 1992 Gustaaf A. De Zoeten

65 1992 John H. Hill 1997 Hitoshi Kunoh 2004 John L. Sherwood 1992 Harry A. Hoitink 1997 Giovanni P. Martelli 2004 Turner B. Sutton 1992 Don E. Mathre 1997 Gary A. Payne 2005 Carol L. Bender 1992 Gaylord I. Mink 1997 Steven G. Pueppke 2005 Raghavan Charudattan 1992 Lowell R. Nault 1998 Edward French 2005 Jacqueline Fletcher 1992 Dan E. Purcifull 1998 Bikram S. Gill 2005 Christopher A. Gilligan 1992 Earl G. Ruppel 1998 Jan E. Leach 2005 Walter F. O. Marasas 1992 Howard A. Scott 1998 Mary L. Powelson 2005 Bruce A. McDonald 1992 Wayne A. Sinclair 1998 Steven A. Slack 2005 Robert A. Owens 1992 David R. Smith 1998 Baruch Sneh 2005 Gail L. Schumann 1993 George S. Abawi 1998 Brian Staskawicz 2005 Xiao-Bing Yang 1993 Donald Aylor 1999 Robert A. Blanchette 2006 Stella Melugin Coakley 1993 D. Michael Benson 1999 Genevieve J. Défago 2006 Ralph A. Dean 1993 John R. Edwardson 1999 Brian J. Deverall 2006 Anne E. Desjardins 1993 Clarence Kado 1999 Tim R. Gottwald 2006 Helene R. Dillard 1993 Melvyn L. Lacy 1999 Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz 2006 Rose C. Gergerich 1993 Ralph L. Nicholson 1999 Roland F. Line 2006 John R. Hartman 1993 John G. Shaw 1999 Laurence V. Madden 2006 Charles R. Howell 1993 James B. Sinclair 2000 C. Lee Campbell 2006 Ben E. Lockhart 1993 Ram P. Thakur 2000 Margaret E. Daub 2006 Ulrich K. Melcher 1993 Roy D. Wilcoxson 2000 Roger Hull 2006 Ravi P. Singh 1994 Ortus W. Barnett, Jr. 2000 Robert A. McIntosh 2006 James L. Starr 1994 Joseph M. Bové 2000 Robert D. Riggs 2007 Charles W. Bacon 1994 William G. Dougherty 2000 Laveran W. (Pete) Timmer 2007 David G. Gilchrist 1994 Ernest Hiebert 2001 Gary C. Bergstrom 2007 James H. Graham 1994 Steven E. Lindow 2001 Lester W. Burgess 2007 Raymond Hammerschmidt 1994 Donald H. Marx 2001 Noriyuki Doke 2007 Rosemarie W. Hammond 1994 Dallice I. Mills 2001 Jeffrey B. Jones 2007 Nancy Jane P. Keller 1994 Richard W. Smiley 2001 Joyce E. Loper 2007 Steven A. Lommel 1994 Paul S. Teng 2001 James W. Moyer 2007 Matteo Lorito 1994 Charles L. Wilson 2001 Christopher C. Mundt 2007 William E. MacHardy 1994 Jan C. Zadoks 2001 David M. Weller 2007 W. Allen Miller 1995 Zahir Eyal 2002 Timothy P. Denny 2007 Barbara S. Valent 1995 Donald L. Hopkins 2002 Said A. Ghabrial 2008 John H. Andrews 1995 John A. Irwin 2002 Craig R. Grau 2008 Claude M. Fauquet 1995 Keisuke Kohmoto 2002 Everett M. Hansen 2008 Deborah Fravel 1995 T. Jack Morris 2002 Harvey C. Hoch 2008 Dean W. Gabriel 1995 Randall C. Rowe 2002 Scot H. Hulbert 2008 David M. Gadoury 1995 Dharma D. Shukla 2002 Denis C. McGee 2008 Stephen B. Goodwin 1995 Michael E. Stanghellini 2002 Tom (Twng-Wah) Mew 2008 Bradley I. Hillman 1995 Walter R. Stevenson 2002 Charles W. Mims 2008 Charles M. Rush 1995 Neal K. Van Alfen 2002 Linda S. Thomashow 2008 Jonathan D. Walton 1996 James R. Aist 2003 Clive M. Brasier 2008 Michael J. Wingfield 1996 Armando Bergamin Filho 2003 Jeremy J. Burdon 2008 Shyi-Dong Yeh 1996 Yigal Cohen 2003 Martin B. Dickman 2008 Thomas A. Zitter 1996 Alan Collmer 2003 Byung Kook Hwang 1996 Cleora J. D’Arcy 2003 Hei Leung Excellence in Extension Award 1996 Larry D. Dunkle 2003 Jerald K. Pataky This award recognizes APS members who 1996 Allen Kerr 2003 Christopher L. Schardl have made outstanding contributions by 1996 Kyung-Soo Kim 2003 Carol E. Windels creating, developing, or implementing 1996 Robert D. Lumsden 2004 Mike A. Ellis extension-related programs or materials or 1996 Seiji Ouchi 2004 Bryce W. Falk who have provided significant leadership in 1997 Jay Lawrence Apple 2004 Thomas C. Harrington an area of extension plant pathology. 1997 Isaac Barash 2004 Barry J. Jacobsen 1997 Thomas J. Burr 2004 Harold Corby Kistler 1989 Walter R. Stevenson 1997 Dennis C. Gross 2004 Ing-Ming Lee 1990 José Amador 1997 Gary E. Harman 2004 Norman W. Schaad 1991 Malcolm C. Shurtleff 1997 Alan C. Hayward 2004 Robert C. Seem 1992 Helene R. Dillard 1993 Thomas A. Kucharek

66 1994 Patrick M. Phipps International Service Award 1983 Charles Bracker 1995 Howard F. Schwartz This award recognizes outstanding 1983 Jose Ruiz-Herrera 1996 John E. Watkins contributions to plant pathology by APS 1984 Wen-Hsiung Ko 1997 Mark L. Gleason members for countries other than their own. 1985 William F. Rochow 1998 Walter D. Gubler This award carries with it a cash prize, a 1986 Richard M. Lister 1999 Gregory L. Tylka portion of which is to be designated to the 1987 Deane Arny 2000 Mike A. Ellis international program of the recipient’s 1987 Steven E. Lindow 2001 Patrick E. Lipps choice. Funds for this prize are made 1987 Christen D. Upper 2002 Thomas A. Zitter possible from the JANE Fund (John and 1988 Paul G. Ahlquist 2003 Edward A. Brown, II Ann Niederhauser Endowment) of the APS 1989 Thomas P. Pirone 2004 James W. Travis Foundation. 1990 Roger N. Beachy 2005 Melodie Putnam 1991 George E. Templeton, II 2006 Marcia P. McMullen 1998 Ben E. Lockhart 1992 Richard G. Christie 2007 Donald E. Hershman 2000 Christopher C. Mundt 1992 John R. Edwardson 2008 Mary K. Hausbeck 2001 Robert S. Zeigler 1992 Ernest Hiebert 2002 Sally A. Miller 1992 Dan E. Purcifull Excellence in Industry Award 2003 Kitty F. Cardwell 1993 A. C. Triantaphyllou 2004 Henryk Czosnek This award recognizes outstanding 1993 Hedwig H. Triantaphyllou 2005 James R. Steadman 1994 Harvey C. Hoch contributions to plant pathology by APS 2006 H. David Thurston members whose primary employment 1994 Richard C. Staples 2007 Naidu A. Rayapati 1995 Noel T. Keen involves work outside the university and 2008 Randy Ploetz federal realms either for a profit or nonprofit 1995 Brian Staskawicz organization. 1996 Bruce C. Kirkpatrick Ruth Allen Award 1997 R. James Cook 1998 H. Vincent Morton This award honors individuals who have 1997 Linda S. Thomashow 2001 Molly N. Cline made an outstanding, innovative research 1997 David M. Weller 2002 Allison H. Tally contribution that has changed, or has the 1998 Harry A. Hoitink 2003 Chester L. Sutula potential to change, the direction of research 1999 Bruce A. McDonald 2006 Gregory L. Lamka in any field of plant pathology. Recipients of 2000 James C. Carrington 2007 James A. Frank the Ruth Allen Award receive a cash prize 2000 William G. Dougherty 2008 Christopher M. Becker derived from a fund established by the heirs 2001 Robert E. Davis of Dr. Allen. 2002 David C. Baulcombe Excellence in Teaching Award 2003 Laurence V. Madden 1966 Harold H. Flor 2004 Howard S. Judelson This award recognizes an APS member 1967 F. O. Holmes 2005 Andrew O. Jackson for excellence in teaching plant pathology. 1968 Myron K. Brakke 2005 T. Jack Morris Recipients receive a cash prize made possible 1969 W. C. Snyder 2006 Thomas J. Baum by the Lucy Hastings de Gutiérrez Fund 1970 John B. Bancroft 2006 Eric L. Davis established in the APS Foundation. 1971 H. Asuyama 2006 Richard S. Hussey 1989 Harold S. McNabb, Jr. 1971 Yoji Doi 2007 Herman B. Scholthof 1990 Lafayette Frederick 1971 T. Ishiie 2008 Peter D. Nagy 1992 George W. Hudler 1971 M. Teranaka 1992 William Merrill, Jr. 1971 K. Yora William Boright Hewitt and 1993 Gail L. Schumann 1972 R. L. Steere Maybelle Ellen Ball Hewitt Award 1994 Antonius B. Baudoin 1973 Frances M. Latterell 1995 Edward J. Braun 1973 Herbert H. Luke This award recognizes a scientist within five 1996 Donald G. White 1974 Austin C. Goheen years of their Ph.D. degree who has made 1997 Charles W. Mims 1974 William Boright Hewitt an outstanding, innovative contribution 1998 James D. MacDonald 1974 Dewey J. Raski directed toward the control of plant disease. 2000 Glen R. Stanosz 1975 Ian A. M. Cruickshank Recipients receive a cash prize derived from 2001 Francis W. Zettler 1976 Theodor O. Diener funds bequeathed to the society by the Hewitt 2002 Larry F. Grand 1977 James W. Gerdemann estate. 2004 Karen-Beth G. Scholthof 1977 Donald H. Marx 2002 Shuijin Hu 2005 Caitilyn Allen 1978 Lindsay Black 2006 Koon-Hui Wang 2006 Cleora J. D’Arcy 1979 J. E. Vanderplank 2007 Natalia Peres 2007 Paul Vincelli 1980 Harry Murakishi 2008 Pierce A. Paul 2008 Michael J. Boehm 1981 Robert J. Shepherd 1982 Allen Kerr 1983 Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia

67 Lee M. Hutchins Award 2002 Wolfram Köller 1976 Woodrow Hare 2003 Harald Scherm 1977 George S. Abawi This is an award to the author or authors of 2004 Mark L. Gleason 1978 Alan L. Jones published research on basic or applied aspects 2006 Chang-Lin Xiao 1979 Alan MacNab of diseases of perennial fruit plants. The 1980 William Moller award consists of a cash prize from the Lee Noel T. Keen Award 1981 Srecko (John) M. Mircetich M. Hutchins Fund bequeathed to the society 1982 John M. Duniway by Dr. Hutchins. This award recognizes APS members who have made outstanding contributions and 1983 Gene R. Safir 1984 Randall C. Rowe 1980 Donald C. Ramsdell demonstrated sustained excellence and 1985 Steven E. Lindow 1981 Moshe Bar-Joseph leadership in research that significantly 1986 Thomas J. Burr 1981 Michael Clark advances the understanding of molecular 1987 Mike A. Ellis 1981 Stephen M. Garnsey aspects of host–pathogen interactions, plant 1988 Christine Stephens 1981 Dennis Gonsalves pathogens or plant-associated microbes, or 1989 Laurence V. Madden 1981 Dan E. Purcifull molecular biology of disease development or 1990 James J. Marois 1982 John W. Randles, Ph.D. defense mechanisms. Recipients of the Noel 1991 Margaret E. Daub 1983 Srecko (John) M. Mircetich T. Keen Award receive a cash prize derived 1992 Wayne F. Wilcox 1988 Gaylord I. Mink from a fund established through the APS 1993 Ariena H. van Bruggen 1990 Thomas J. Burr Foundation. 1994 Forrest W. Nutter, Jr. 1991 David M. Gadoury 2003 Alan Coller 1995 Joyce E. Loper 1991 Roger C. Pearson 2004 Brian Staskawicz 1996 Kenneth B. Johnson 1992 Jerry K. Uyemoto 2005 Thomas J. Wolpert 1997 Christopher C. Mundt 1993 Alan R. Biggs 2007 Pierre J. G. M. de Wit 1998 Robert L. Gilbertson 1994 Tim R. Gottwald 2008 Brett M. Tyler 1999 Albert K. Culbreath 1994 James H. Graham 2000 Gary P. Munkvold 1995 Themis Michailides Syngenta Award 2001 Eric L. Davis 1996 L. W. Timmer 2002 T. Erik Mirkov 1997 Wayne F. Wilcox This award is given by Syngenta Crop 2003 Sophien Kamoun 1998 Kenneth B. Johnson Protection to an APS member for an 2004 Krishna V. Subbarao 1998 John N. Pinkerton outstanding recent contribution to teaching, 2005 James R. Alfano 1998 Jeffrey K. Stone research, or extension in plant pathology. 2006 Guo-Liang Wang 1999 Adib Rowhani Recipients receive a cash prize from Syngenta. 2007 Niklaus Grunwald 2000 Gareth Hughes 1975 Donald Hagedorn 2008 Seogchan Kang 2001 Mark Mazzola 1975 Alex L. Shigo

68 APS Annual Meetings

Starting with the first 1909 APS Annual Meeting held in Boston, MA with 50 attendees and 45 papers presented, this event continues to be the society’s premier attraction each year. The ongoing value and relevance is evident in the success of the 2008 Centennial Meeting with more than 950 oral and poster presentations on the latest advances in the science, in addition to two plenary sessions, and 27 symposia. Meetings are regularly held jointly with other related scientific organizations.

1909 December 30-31 Boston, MA 1959 June 17-19 University Park, PA 1910 December 28-30 Minneapolis, MN 1960 June 15-16 Green Lake, WI 1911 December 27-28 Washington, DC 1961 December 10-13 Biloxi, MS 1912 December 31-January 3 Cleveland, OH 1962 June 17-23 Corvallis, OR 1913 December 30-January 2 Atlanta, GA 1963 August 26-29 Amherst, MA 1914 December 29-January 1 Philadelphia, PA 1964 August 23-26 Lafayette, IN 1915 December 28-31 Columbus, OH 1965 October 3-7 Miami Beach, FL 1916 December 27-30 New York, NY 1966 August 20-24 Denver, CO 1917 December 28-January 1 Pittsburgh, PA 1967 August 20-24 Washington, DC 1918 December 23-28 Baltimore, MD 1968 September 2-6 Columbus, OH 1919 December 29-January 2 St. Louis, MO 1969 August 17-22 Spokane, WA 1920 December 27-31 Chicago, IL 1970 October 4-8 Hot Springs, AR 1921 December 27-30 Toronto, ON, Canada 1971 August 15-19 University Park, PA 1922 December 27-30 Boston, MA 1972 August 9 Mexico City, FD, Mexico 1923 December 27-January 1 Cincinnati, OH 1973 September 5-12 Minneapolis, MN 1924 December 29-January 1 Washington, DC 1974 August 11-15 Vancouver, BC, Canada 1925 December 28-31 Kansas City, MO 1975 August 10-14 Houston, TX 1926 December 28-31 Philadelphia, PA 1976 July 11-15 Kansas City, MO 1927 December 28-30 Nashville, TN 1977 August 14-18 East Lansing, MI 1928 December 28-31 New York, NY 1978 October 28-November 2 Tucson, AZ 1929 December 28-31 Des Moines, IA 1979 August 5-11 Washington, DC 1930 December 30-January 3 Cleveland, OH 1980 August 24-28 Minneapolis, MN 1931 December 29-31 New Orleans, LA 1981 August 2-6 New Orleans, LA 1932 December 28-30 Atlantic City, NJ 1982 August 8-12 Salt Lake City, UT 1933 December 28-30 Boston, MA 1983 June 26-30 Ames, IA 1934 December 27-29 Pittsburgh, PA 1984 August 12-16 Guelph, MB, Canada 1935 December 31-January 3 St. Louis, MO 1985 August 11-15 Reno, NV 1936 December 28-31 Atlantic City, NJ 1986 August 10-14 Orlando, FL 1937 December 27-30 Indianapolis, IN 1987 August 2-6 Cincinnati, OH 1938 December 27-30 Richmond, VA 1988 November 13-17 San Diego, CA 1939 December 27-30 Columbus, OH 1989 August 20-24 Richmond, VA 1940 December 27-31 Philadelphia, PA 1990 August 4-8 Grand Rapids, MI 1941 December 29-January 1 Dallas, TX 1991 August 17-21 St. Louis, MO 1942 February 12-14 Columbus, OH 1992 August 8-12 Portland, OR 1943 December 4-6 Columbus, OH 1993 November 6-10 Nashville, TN 1944 December 9-11 Cincinnati, OH 1994 August 6-10 Albuquerque, NM 1945 March 27-30 St. Louis, MO 1995 August 12-16 Pittsburgh, PA 1946 December 28-30 Cincinnati, OH 1996 July 27-31 Indianapolis, IN 1947 December 28-30 Chicago, IL 1997 August 9-13 Rochester, NY 1948 December 6-8 Pittsburgh, PA 1998 November 8-12 Las Vegas, NV 1949 December 28-30 New York, NY 1999 August 7-11 Montréal, QC, Canada 1950 December 1-3 Memphis, TN 2000 August 12-16 New Orleans, LA 1951 December 9-12 Cincinnati, OH 2001 August 25-29 Salt Lake City, UT 1952 September 7-10 Ithaca, NY 2002 July 27-31 Milwaukee, WI 1953 September 6-10 Madison, WI 2003 August 9-13 Charlotte, NC 1954 August 24-27 Estes Park, CO 2004 July 31-August 4 Anaheim, CA 1955 December 27-30 Atlanta, GA 2005 July 30-August 3 Austin, TX 1956 December 5-8 Cincinnati, OH 2006 July 29-August 2 Québec City, QC, Canada 1957 August 25-29 Palo Alto, CA 2007 July 28-August 1 San Diego, CA 1958 August 24-28 Bloomington, IN 2008 July 26-30 Minneapolis, MN

69 APS Centennial Members

The importance of collaboration and community remains strong within the society, during the Centennial year APS membership has grown to more than 5,000 plant pathologists worldwide. Members, located in nearly 100 countries, represent a broad section of the scientific community. This listing represents all current members of APS as of May 1, 2008. Since the membership roster changes regularly, for the most up-to-date listing, with full contact information, refer to the membership directory online.

Chris Aakre, Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA Krishan L. Adlakha, Boothwyn, PA Gloria Z. Abad, USDA APHIS PPQ PSPI MDL, Beltsville, MD Brenna J. Aegerter, Univ of California Cooperative Extension, Jorge A. Abad, USDA APHIS PPQ PGQP, Beltsville, MD Stockton, CA Pierre Abad, UMR INRA CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France Mohammad R. Afunian, PhD, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Mathew M. Abang, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic Irina V. Agarkova, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE George S. Abawi, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Ricelle Agbayani, Univ of Hawaii - Manoa, Honolulu, HI Hamed K. Abbas, USDA ARS CG&PRU, Stoneville, MS Michael L. Agnew, Syngenta, Kennett Square, PA Pervaiz A. Abbasi, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, George N. Agrios, Gainesville, FL Canada Paula A. Agudelo, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Mohamed E. Abdalla, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt Iftikhar Ahmad, NARC PARC, Islamabad, Pakistan Suzan A. Abdallah, Benha Univ, West Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt Hafiz U. Ahmed, Alberta Agric and Food, Edmonton, AB, Canada Siham M. E. Abdel Ghafour, Cairo, Egypt Monday Obaigboruen Ahonsi, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, Dawlat Anwar Abdel Kader, Zagazig Univ, Nasr City Cairo, VA Egypt Sylvester O. Aigbe, Ambrose Alli Univ, Ekpoma, EDO, Nigeria Entsar El-Sayed Abdel Nabi, Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt Mary Catherine Aime, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA Mokhtar M. Abdel-kader, National Research Centre, Giza, Ciro, Hajime O. Akamatsu, Tottori, Japan Egypt Chrys N. Akem, Ayr Research Station, Ayr, QLD, Australia Musa A. Abdelshife, USDA APHIS PPQ, Hawthorne, CA Ogunfunmilayo Akindele Oluwole, IITA, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria Omar A. Abdul Wahid, Suez Canal Univ, Ismailia, Egypt Olufemi J. Alabi, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Ismail Abdullahi, Sr., Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, Claude L. Alabouvette, INRA, Dijon, France BC, Canada Ali Obead Al-Adawi, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheris, Saham, Amanda Able, Univ of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia Oman T. Scott Abney, USDA ARS, West Lafayette, IN Kholoud Mohammad Alananbeh, North Dakota State Univ, O. O. Aboaba, Univ of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Fargo, ND Salem O. Abosriwil, The Intl Centre of Language & Technology, Ronaldo T. Alberto, Central Luzon State Univ, Munoz, Nueva Dublin, Ireland Ecija, Philippines Youssef Abou Jawdah, American Univ of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Maria R. Albiach-Marti, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Ayman Hassan Ali Abou Tabl, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Agrarias, Valencia, Spain Egypt Erin M. Albrecht, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Nagi Abou-Zeid, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt Maria de Jesus Alcano Gonzalez, Univ of Central Venezuela, Maritza Abril, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Maracay, Venezuela Firas M. Abu-El Samen, Jordan University of Science and Stephen C. Alderman, USDA ARS NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR Technology, Irbid, Jordan Herb S. Aldwinckle, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Gian Paolo Accotto, Istituto Di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, Torino, John R. Aleck, Valent USA Corp, Greenville, MS Italy Goran Aleksic, Inst for Plant Protection & Env, Belgrade, Fed Rep Maricelis Acevedo, ARS-USDA, Aberdeen, ID of Yugoslavia Premila N. Achar, Kennesaw State Univ, Kennesaw, GA Aaron Alexander, Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX Maria Angeles Achon, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain Nancy J. Alexander, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Serap Acikgoz, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Paul M. Alexander, Conway, SC Rodolfo Acosta-Leal, Texas A&M Univ, Amarillo, TX Samuel A. Alexander, Exmore, VA Joseph A. Adamo, Georgian Court Univ, Lakewood, NJ Maria Amelia Vaz Alexandre, Inst Biologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil Edward B. Adams, Jr., Washington State Univ, Spokane, WA Alexandri A. Alexandru, Alcedo Ltd, Bucuresti, Romania Gerard C. Adams, Jr., Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Jesus Maria Alezones Gomez, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, James C. Adams, PhD, Nichino America Inc, Wilmington, DE Venezuela Mike Adams, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Gabriele Alfano, Univ of Molise, Campobasso, Italy James E. Adaskaveg, Univ of California, Riverside, CA James R. Alfano, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Eric A. Adee, Northwestern Illinois Agric, Monmouth, IL Dunia H. Al-Gharabally, Univ of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait Shelly Adee, Univ of Illinois, Little York, IL Akhtar Ali, Univ of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK Adedotun Adeyinka Adekunle, Univ of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Shaukat Ali, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Anthony Oyegoke Adesemoye, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Adriana M. Alippi, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina Tika B. Adhikari, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Michael A. Allan, Arysta LifeScience North America, Cary, NC Scott T. Adkins, USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL Caitilyn Allen, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

70 Michael F. Allen, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Terry Anderson, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Stephen J. Allen, Australian Cotton Research Inst, Narrabri, Canada Australia Yasuo Ando, Japan Intl Res Ctr for Agric Sciences, Tsukuba City Thomas C. Allen, Jr., Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Ibaraki, Japan Thomas W. Allen, Jr., Mississippi State Univ, Stoneville, MS Gilich Andrea, Sr., USDA Forest Service, Saucier, MS Raul Allende-Molar, CIAD - AC, Laredo, TX Markus W. Andres, Chapel Hill, NC Ton Allersma, De Ruiter Zonen Seeds, Bergschenhoek, Netherlands Marion Andrew, Univ of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada Angela T. Alleyne, Edward Waters College, Jacksonville, FL John H. Andrews, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Arthur V. Allison, Critter Creek Lab, Haynes, Bedfordshire, United Rachael Marie Andrie, Oregon Health & Science Univ, Portland, Kingdom OR Jaume Almacellas Gort, DARP Generalitat De Catalunya, Didier Andrivon, INRA UMR ENSAR, Le Rheu, France Lleida, Spain Carlos A. Angel, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Alvaro M. R. Almeida, EMBRAPA SOJA, Londrina, Parana, Peter A. Angwin, USDA Forest Service, Redding, CA Brazil Yehoshua Anikster, Tel-Aviv Univ, Ramat, Aviv, Israel Rodrigo P. P. Almeida, PhD, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Pao-Jen Ann, Taiwan Agric Research Inst, Taichung, Taiwan Rep Christie V. Almeyda, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN of China Khalil I. Al-Mughrabi, New Brunswick, Agric Fish & Yehezkel Antignus, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Aquaculture, Wicklow, NB, Canada Hani H. Antoun, PhD, Universite Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Angel Gabriel Alpuche-Solis, IPICYT, San Luis Potosi, Mexico Mirella Aoun, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Maher Alrwahnih, PhD, Univ of California, Davis, CA Walter Apaza, Univ Nac Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Mohammed A. Al-Saleh, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Arthur Appel, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Suleiman M. AlShebel, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia David N. Appel, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Ben Alsop, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN J. Lawrence Apple, Burlington, NC Nora A. Altier, INIA Las Brujas, Las Piedras, Canelones, Uruguay Marilena Aquino de Muro, Univ de Caxias Do Sul, Caxias Do Veria Alvarado, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Sul, RS, Brazil Anne M. Alvarez, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Jehan Ara, Univ of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Maria E. Alvarez, Univ Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina Liliana Aragon, Univ Nac Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Roberto E. Alvarez, Fac De Cs Agrarias Fitopatologia, Corrientes Ramon A. Arancibia, Mississippi State University, Pontotoc, MS CP, Argentina Miguel A. Aranda, CEBAS CSIC (Q2818002-D), Espinardo, Luis Armando Alvarez-Bernaola, Universidad Politécnica De Murcia, Spain Valencia, Valencia, Spain Sakae Arase, Shimane Univ, Matsue, Japan Ariel Alvarez-Morales, Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato GTO, Mexico Luis Felipe Arauz, Univ de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica Leo Manuel Alves, Putnam Valley, NY Brett E. Arenz, Univ of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN Jose Amador, McAllen, TX Enrique Arevalo Gardini, Instituto De Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), Saori Amaike, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Tarapoto San Martin, Peru Olivier Amand, Sesvanderhave, Tienen, Belgium Tsutomu Arie, Tokyo Univ of Agric & Technology, Fuchu Tokyo, Meredith E. Ambroson, Kansas City, MO Japan Robert N. Ames, Advanced Microbial Solutions LLC, Pilot Point, Muhammad Arif, PhD, NWFP Agric Univ, Peshawar, GU, TX Pakistan Achour Amiri, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Jennifer J. Ariss, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Stefan Georges Amyotte, London, ON, Canada Oluwole Adebisi Ariyo, Allen Univ, Columbia, SC Qianli An, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Josep Armengol, Univ Politecnica De Valencia, Valencia, Spain Richard H. Anacker, Maryland Dept of Agric, Annapolis, MD Roydean Armstrong, DuPont Crop Protection Chemicals, Ajith Anand, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Newark, DE Daniel J. Anco, Lemont, IL Erika Alexandra Arnao Tortolero, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Veronica Ancona, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Venezuela Birgitte Andersen, Technical Univ of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Sarah Arnold, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Denmark Deane C. Arny, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Janet L. Andersen, Environmental Protection Agcy, Washington, Karen S. Arthur, Valent USA Corp, Plano, TX DC Gavin J. Ash, Charles Sturt Univ, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia Lars Andersen, Danisco Seed, Holeby, Denmark Roger O. Ashley, North Dakota State Univ, Dickinson, ND Claire L. Anderson, Orange Park, FL Sara Ashna, Islamic Azad Univ Tehran, Ahvaz Khozestan, Iran Douglas C Anderson, Nematodes Inc, Selma, CA Hamid Ashrafi, Univ of California, Davis, CA Eliza-Jane Anderson, Monsanto, St Louis, MO Gemma Maria Assante, Ist Di Patologia Vegetale, Milano, Italy Gerald W. Anderson, Princeton, MN Menachem Assaraf, ICL - Industrial Products (Bromine Grace M. Anderson, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Compounds) LTD., Beer-Sheva, Israel John R. Anderson, Monsanto Co, Raleigh, NC Jo Ann Asselin, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Neil A. Anderson, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Francisco M. Assis Filho, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Robert L. Anderson, West Plains, MO Dusit Athinuwat, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand

71 Pornpimon Athipunyakom, Plant Pathology Research Group, Christina M. Baker, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Chatuchuk, Bangkok, Thailand Dennis J. Baker, Bakers Entomology & Pest Service, Midland, TX Shahasi Y. Athman, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Fred A. Baker, Jr., Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Sarangi Athukorala, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Kathleen Baker, Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI Robert G. Atkins, Agric Weights & Measures, San Diego, CA Rachel L. Baker, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Renuka N. Attanayake, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Terry Baker, Cheminova Inc, Wayne, NJ Jimmy J. Augustine, BHN Research, Immokalee, FL Daniel Bakker, Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, Netherlands Joao Augusto, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Matthew G. Bakker, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Craig N. Austin, Geneva, NY Peter A. H. M. Bakker, Utrecht Univ, Utrecht, Netherlands Frederick M. Ausubel, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Kanak Bala, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, MA ON, Canada Maria Valeria Avanzato, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Ricardo S. Balardin, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Theresa A. S Aveling, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South RS, Brazil Africa Clarissa J. Balbalian, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Herve Fabrice Avenot, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Adriana Balbina Andreu, Univ Nacl De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Charles W. Averre, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Plata, Argentina Francisco J. Avila, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Yilmaz Balci, PhD, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Martin Eduardo Avila Miranda, Inst Tecnologico de Tlajomulco, Eric L. Bald, Cal Poly Pomona, Temple City, CA Tlajomulco, Jalisco, Mexico Thomas T. Baldwin, State Univ of New York - ESF, Catskill, NY Graciela Avila Quezada, Centro de Invest En Alimen Y Desarrollo, Peter J. Balint-Kurti, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Delicias Chihuahua, Mexico Ellen M. Ball, Eau Claire, WI Cruz Avila-Adame, Saddle Brook, NJ G. Murray Ballance, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Manuel Aviles Guerrero, Univ De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain Melissa D. Ballard, VPI SU, Blacksburg, VA Zhelju Avramov, Central Lab for Plant Quarantine, Sofia, John A. Balles, Nutrilite/Access Business Group, Lakeview, CA Bulgaria Botond Balogh, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Paige E. Axelrood, PhD, Vancouver, BC, Canada New Haven, CT Robert Aycock, Blacksburg, VA Jiyeon Ban, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA John E. Ayers, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Fnu Bandana, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Donald Aylor, Connecticut Agric Exp Stn, New Haven, CT Murali D. Bandla, PhD, USDA APHIS PPQ PHP, Riverdale, Brian Aynardi, Wyomissing, PA MD Antonio Juliano Ayres, FUNDECITRUS, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, IITA, Croydon, United Kingdom Yesim Aysan, Univ of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey John F. Baniecki, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Koji Azegami, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Ziaeddin Banihashemi, Shiraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran Robert Paul R. Baayen, Min of Agric, Nature and Food Quality, Thomas J. Banko, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA Den Haag, Netherlands Xiaodong Bao, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Mohammad Babadoost, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Jeri D. Barak, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Assadullah Babai-Ahari, Tabriz Univ, Tabriz, Iran Radwan M. Barakat, Hebron Univ, Jerusalem, Israel Ebrahiem M. Babiker, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Isaac Barash, Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel Subramanian Babu, School of Biotechnology, Coimbatore, India Tharcisse T. Barasubiye, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ada A. Bacetty, USDA ARS TMRU, Athens, GA ON, Canada Paul R. Bachi, Univ of Kentucky, Princeton, KY Anthony Barbaglia, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Paul A. Backman, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Derek J. Barbara, Warwick HRI, Warwickshire, United Kingdom Peggy Backup, Univ of California, Davis, CA Martin J. Barbetti, Univ of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Elaine A. Backus, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Australia Charles W. Bacon, USDA ARS, Athens, GA George Apostolos Bardas, Aristotle Univ of Thessaloniki, Ismael Badillo-Vargas, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Thessaloniki, Greece Dayakar V. Badri, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Ted R. Bardinelli, BASF Corp, Durham, NC Dong Gem Bae, Mookpo, Jeun Nam, Korea Rivka Barkai-Golan, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Michael D. Baefsky, Orinda, CA Ian Barker, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima 12, Peru Ferenc Bagi, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia And Kenneth R. Barker, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Montenegro Grant M. Barkley, Kent State Univ, Warren, OH John B. Bahme, Bahme & Associates, Provo, UT Thomas H. Barksdale, Newville, PA Richard B. Bahme, Agbiochem Inc, Orinda, CA Subhankar Roy Barman, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Bochra Bahri, INRA, Paris, France Charles W. Barnes, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Guihua Bai, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Jeffrey S. Barnes, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Xiaodong Bai, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH John M. Barnes, Rockville, MD Bryan A. Bailey, USDA ARS PSI, Beltsville, MD Larry W. Barnes, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Richard E. Baird, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS O. W. Barnett, Jr., Holly Springs, NC Rukhsana Bajwa, Univ of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Joseph G. Barrat, Shepherdstown, WV Carlye A. Baker, Div of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL Yolanda Barredo, Neiker Tecnalia, Vitoria Gasteiz, Araga, Spain

72 Laura Leticia Barrera Necha, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Stephane Bellafiore, Univ of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Scott B. Belmar, Stuttgart, AR Elton R. Barrett, Plant Consulting Inc, Monroe, LA G. T. A. Benda, Houma, LA Tara L. Barrett Tarnowski, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Carol L. Bender, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Giovane Barroti, Barretos, SP, Brazil Gary S. Bender, Univ of California, San Diego, CA Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia, San Diego, CA Marguerite G. Benedict, Easton, MD Faith E. Bartz, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Kemal Benlioglu, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Jerry A. Bartz, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Seher Benlioglu, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Amanda N. Bastiaanse, Walters Gardens Inc, Zeeland, MI Chandalin M. Bennett, Reno, NV Dallas L. Batchelor, Weather Or Not Inc, Pasco, WA Rebecca S. Bennett, USDA ARS, Shafter, CA Durward F. Bateman, Raleigh, NC Rick A. Bennett, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Cassandra Bates, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI D. Michael Benson, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Marion Bateson, Queensland Univ Tech, Brisbane, QLD, Jared Benson, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Australia Andrew F. Bent, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Jean C. Batzer, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Elizabeth Bent, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Antonius B. Baudoin, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Yephet Ben-Yephet, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Thomas J. Baum, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Lesley Benyon, USDA ARS, Fort Pierce, FL Kendra Baumgartner, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Louis Beraha, Chicago, IL Silvia Bautista-Banos, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Armando Bergamin Filho, Univ of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Brazil Shirin Bayati, Tarbiat Modares Univ, Tehran, Iran Dale R. Bergdahl, Charlotte, VT Fulya Baysal-Gurel, The Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Jonathan D. Berger, Whitmire Micro-Gen Research Lab, St Louis, Roger N. Beachy, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St MO Louis, MO Philip H. Berger, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Danise T. Beadle, Bayer CropScience, Cantonment, FL Gerard T. Berggren, Jr., Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Julie W. Beale, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Rosary S. Berggren, Louisiana State Univ AgCenter, St Gabriel, Glenn H. Beard, Univ of Georgia, Moultrie, GA LA Aaron D. Beattie, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Gary C. Bergstrom, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Gwyn A. Beattie, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Bill B. Berkenkamp, Rimbey, AB, Canada Robert A. Beaulieu, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Lorraine P. Berkett, Univ of Vermont, Burlington, VT James S. Beaver, Mayaguez, PR Adriana J. Bernal, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Sladana Bec, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Roberto F. Bernal, INIA Salto Grande, Salto, Uruguay Ani Becheva, Central Lab for Plant Quarantine, Sofia, Bulgaria Gregory C. Bernard, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Christopher M. Becker, BAAR Scientific LLC, Romulus, NY Elizabeth A. Bernhardt, Phytosphere Research, Vacaville, CA Dirk Becker, Univ of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany Zuzana Bernhart, Springer Science & Business Media B.V., Donna M. Becker, Northern Michigan Univ, Marquette, MI Dordrecht, Netherlands J. Ole Becker, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Claude Bernier, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Walter F. Becker, EPAGRI - Est Experimental De Capador, Louis Bernier, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Cacador, Santa Catarina, Brazil Frederick H. Berry, Columbus, OH William N. Becker, Central Illinois Ag Res Farm, Springfield, IL James A. Berry, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Janna L. Beckerman, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Matthew C. Berry, Lansing, MI Carl H. Beckman, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Assunta F. Bertaccini, Univ Degli Studi Di Bologna, Bologna, Fredrick C. Beckman, Lafayette, IN Italy Kent M. Beckman, Las Vegas, NV Alan M. Bertelsen, Winfield Solutions, St Paul, MN Peter M. Beckman, Golden State Bulb Growers, Moss Landing, Francois Bertrand, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Nimes Cedex 2, CA France Margot C. Becktell, Mesa State College, Grand Junction, CO Paul F. Bertrand, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Steven V. Beer, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Ximena A. Besoain, Univ Catolica de Valparais, Quillota, Chile Ross E. Beever, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand Frederick S. Betz, AgraQuest Inc, Annapolis, MD Franklin Behlau, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL David M. Beyer, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jae L. Behn, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Jose L. Bezerra, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, BA, Brazil Juan C. Bejar, Miami, FL Ravindra G. Bhat, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jose Bejarano-Alcazar, IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Kishor K. Bhattarai, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Cordoba, Spain Chao Wei Bi, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Richard R. Belanger, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada China Jose Belasque, Jr., Araraquara, SP, Brazil John C. Bienapfl, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Alessandra Belisario, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Rome, Italy Alan R. Biggs, West Virginia Univ, Kearneysville, WV Alois A. Bell, USDA ARS SPARC, College Station, TX Vincent P. Bijman, AgroInnovation, Noordwijkerhout, Jeremy D. Bell, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Netherlands Ronald R. Bell, AgReliant Genetics, Lebanon, IN Charles L. Biles, East Central Univ, Ada, OK

73 Gerald F. Bills, Merck Sharp & Dohme de Espana, S.A., Madrid, Helen M. Booker, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Spain Canada Guillaume Bilodeau, Quebec, QC, Canada Michael G. Boosalis, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Wray Birchfield, Baton Rouge, LA Theodore N. Boratynski, USDA APHIS PPQ, Brawley, CA George W. Bird, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Katherine A. Borkovich, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Julio Bird, San Juan, PR Norman E Borlaug, PhD, Dallas, TX Howard L. Bissonnette, Youngstown, FL James Borneman, University of California, Riverside, CA Suzanne M. Bissonnette, Univ of Illinois, Champaign, IL Maryann A. Borsick Herman, Cornell University, Geneva, NY Walter M. Bitterlin, BIOREBA AG, Reinach, Switzerland Wayne B. Borth, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Bruce C. Black, PhD, FMC Corporation, Princeton, NJ Jorunn Borve, Lofthus, Norway Bryan D. Black, Syngenta Crop Protection, Searcy, AR Jorunn Bos, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom Lowell L. Black, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, DeForest, WI Steven C. Bost, Univ of Tennessee, Nashville, TN Mark C. Black, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Uvalde, TX Richard M. Bostock, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jaime E. Blair, Amherst College, Amherst, MA Montgomary Botschner, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND James H. Blake, Clemson University, Clemson, SC Daniel Botts, Florida Fruit & Vegetable Assn, Maitland, FL George M. Blakeslee, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Elisabeth Boudon-Padieu, INRA, Dijon, Cedex, France Robert A. Blanchette, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Ryan S. Bounds, Syngenta Crop Protection, Visalia, CA Reyes Blanco Prieto, Univ of Almeria, Almeria, Spain Hacene Bouzar, Sakata Seed America Inc, Salinas, CA Miguel A. Blanco-Lopez, Univ De Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Joseph M. Bove, Univ of Bordeaux 2, La Brede, France Monica V. Blanco-Meneses, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, Jessica Bovill, Univ of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, NC Australia Donald J. Blasingame, Starkville, MS William Bovill, Univ of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Bruce H. Bleakley, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Australia Walter O. Bliss, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Robert L. Bowden, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS Charles C. Block, USDA ARS, Ames, IA Kira L. Bowen, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Sue L. Blodgett, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Glenn R. Bowers, Syngenta Seeds, Bay, AR James R. Bloom, Lemont, PA John H. Bowers, USDA APHIS PPQ EDP, Riverdale, MD James R. Bloomberg, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC John E. Bowman, Development Alternatives Inc, Bethesda, MD Burton H. Bluhm, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR John W. Bowyer, Stanthorpe, QLD, Australia Elena Blume, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Steven H. Boyd, Hydros Inc, Bourne, MA Brazil John S. Boyle, State College, PA Tamla D. Blunt, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Edward J. Boza, Hornbeck Seed Co Inc, Stuttgart, AR William W. Bockus, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Douglas N. Boze, Idaho Crop Improvement Assoc, Idaho Falls, ID Ana Maria Bocsanczy, USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV James M. Bradeen, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Natacha Bodenhausen, Univ of Chicago, Chicago, IL Carl A. Bradley, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Paul W. Bodenstine, Ag Systems, Mechanicsville, VA Claude G. Bragard, Catholic Univ of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Michael J. Boehm, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Belgium Thierry Bogaert, Devgen NV, Gent, Belgium Vanessa M. Brake, Australian Quarantine & Inspection Svc, Adam J. Bogdanove, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Brisbane, QLD, Australia Carlos E. Bogran, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Maria T. Brandl, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Barbara Boine, Univ of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand William H. Brandt, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Leonardo Silva Boiteux, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Phillip M. Brannen, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Greg J. Boland, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Jason R. Brantner, Univ of Minnesota, Crookston, MN Mark P. Bolda, Univ of California Cooperative Extension, Avneet Kaur Brar, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Watsonville, CA Gurpreet S. Brar, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Ferozepur, Hasan A. Bolkan, Campbell Soup Co, Davis, CA India Melvin D. Bolton, USDA ARS PSRU, Fargo, ND Clive M. Brasier, Forest Research Station, Farnham, Surrey, Solange Bonaldo, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Brazil United Kingdom Peter J. M. Bonants, Plant Research International, Rhenen, Karl Brauer, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Netherlands Adolf L. Braun, Davis, CA Jason P. Bond, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Edward J. Braun, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA William P. Bond, Franklinton, LA P. Gordon Braun, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Morris R. Bonde, USDA ARS, Frederick, MD Canada Pierluigi Bonello, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Andrea Braun-Kiewnick, Wadenswil, Switzerland Jose Itamar Boneti, Est Exp de Sao Joaquim, Sao Joaquim S C, Michael P. Braverman, Rutgers Univ, Princeton, NJ Brazil Samuel W. Braverman, Geneva, NY J. Mike Bonman, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID Leticia Bravo Luna, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Bioticos, W. Gordon Bonn, Windsor, ON, Canada Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Conrad K. Bonsi, Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL Andrew Breakspear, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Mark G. Bookbinder, Germantown, MD Julie Breathnach, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE

74 Ron ‘Brec’ Brecheisen, Brec Tree Care, Sierra Vista, AZ Peter John Brunt, Lincoln Univ, Nelson, New Zealand Matthew O. Brecht, PhD, Altamonte Springs, FL Benny D. Bruton, USDA ARS, Lane, OK Jill D. Breeden, Auburn University, Auburn, AL Rosemary J. Bryson, BASF Plc, Cheshire, United Kingdom Josephine Brennan, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food, Heinrich Buchenauer, Univ of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Celbridge,Kildare., Ireland Richard P. Buchner, Univ of California Cooperative Extension, Timothy B. Brenneman, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Red Bluff, CA Alberto Bressan, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI James W. Buck, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Deborah I. Breth, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Albion, NY Ivan W. Buddenhagen, University of California, Davis, CA Colette Breuil, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada George C. Buechley, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Marin T. Brewer, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY C. Robin Buell, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Michael J. Brewer, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Natthiya Buensanteai, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Vickie A. Brewster, USDA APHIS PPQ, San Diego, CA Carmen Buettner, Humboldt Univ of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Marlove Fatima Briao Muniz, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, William M. Bugbee, West Fargo, ND Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Kevin C. Bugg, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Steven P. Briggs, Univ of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA Aleksandra Bulajic, Belgrade Univ, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia Janete A. Brito, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Carolee T. Bull, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Johann A. Brits, Syngenta South Africa, Halfway House, Rep of Russell Bulluck, USDA APHIS PPQ, Raleigh, NC South Africa Greg J. Bunkers, Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO Jeffrey L. Britt, Washington State Dept of Agric, Olympia, WA Andrea J. Buonassisi, Burnaby, BC, Canada Kerry O. Britton, USDA Forest Health Protection, Arlington, VA Saul Burdman, Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel Ronald H. Brlansky, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Jeremy J. Burdon, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Jason H. Brock, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Lester W. Burgess, Univ of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Kirk D. Broders, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Maria Luisa Burgos, Penn State, University Park, PA Marion L. Brodhagen, Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, James Todd Burkdoll, BASF Corp, Visalia, CA WA O D. Burke, Grove City College, Grove City, PA Terence Brokenshire, State of Guernsey, Guernsey, United Pragyan Burlakoti, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Kingdom Rishi Ram Burlakoti, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Josh J. Bronson, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC James R. Burleigh, Santa Fe, NM Fred E. Brooks, American Samoa Community College, Pago Pago, Marie Burleson, Columbus, OH AS Todd A. Burnes, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Mark A. Brooks, Richmond Farms Ltd, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica Alison L. Burnett, Bridgeton, NJ Steven A. Brooks, USDA ARS SPA DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Tom Burns, Chia Tai Co Ltd, Kamphaengsaen, Nakhon Pathom, Janet C. Broome, UCCE Sacramento County, Sacramento, CA Thailand Steven C. Broscious, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Leon L. Burpee, III, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA William J. Broughton, LBMPS, Univ De Geneve, Geneve 4, Kirsti Burr, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Switzerland Thomas J. Burr, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Aaron D. Brown, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Mary E. L. Burrows, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Charles R. Brown, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Clyde L. Burton, Green Valley, AZ Edward A. Brown, II, Univ of Georgia, Colbert, GA Robin A. Buruchara, CIAT, Kampala, Uganda Eldon Brown, Winter Haven, FL Bradley J. Bush, Helena Chemical Co, Bardwell, TX Judith K. Brown, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Brian J. Bush, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Windfall, IN Lawrence G. Brown, USDA APHIS, Raleigh, NC Elizabeth A. Bush, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Merton F. Brown, Jr., Columbia, MO Joe Bush, CHS, Chivington, CO Michael J. Brown, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Kathryn E. Bushley, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Philip R. Brown, Alf Christianson Seed Co, Mount Vernon, WA William R. Bushnell, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Robert L. Brown, USDA ARS SRRC, New Orleans, LA Clyde R. Butler, CRB Arborist, Dallas, TX Greg T. Browne, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Edward E. Butler, Univ of California, Davis, CA Keith H. Brownell, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Ernest Lee Butler, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC J. Artie Browning, Lacey, WA Larry D. Butler, Becker-Underwood Inc, Ames, IA Diane E. Brown-Rytlewski, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, Ivan Buturac, Viskovo, Croatia MI Orhan Buyuk, Ankara Plant Protection Research Inst, Yenimahalle John J. Brozdowski, Jr., Brozdowski Scientific Farms, Pine Island, Ankara, Turkey NY Emmanuel Z. Byamukama, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA William L. Bruckart, III, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, Oliver C. Caasi, Stillwater, OK MD Antonio Cabrera, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH George W. Bruehl, Pullman, WA Jose Alfonso Cabrera Motta, Univ of Bonn, Bonn, Germany George Bruening, Univ of California, Davis, CA Lance E. Cadle-Davidson, USDA ARS GGRU, Geneva, NY Jack A. Bruhn, DuPont, Landenberg, PA Molly Cadle-Davidson, Geneva, NY Philip D. Brune, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Anthony J. Caesar, USDA ARS, Sidney, MT Asha M. Brunings, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Gustavo Caetano-Anolles, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL

75 Adalberto C. Cafe-Filho, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Robert B. Carroll, Elkton, MD Brazil Thomas W. Carroll, Gig Harbor, WA Guohong Cai, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY William J. Carroll, Amvac Chemical Corp, Costa Mesa, CA Yuhui Cai, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Martin L. Carson, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Jessica L. Calcote, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Laurel L. Carter, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Nampa, ID Cesar M. Calderon, USDA APHIS PPQ, Atlanta, GA R. D. Carter, Walnut Creek, CA Brant B. Cali, Cali Ventures LLC, Union, NJ Richard D. Cartwright, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Bernarda Calla, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Frank L. Caruso, Univ of Massachusetts, East Wareham, MA Lee A. Calvert, CIAT, Medley, FL Remulo A. Carvalho, EMEPA-PB, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil Luis E. Camargo, Univ Sao Paulo ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Claudia A.N. Casalongue, Univ. of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, H. Ronald Cameron, Lake Oswego, OR Buenos Aires, Argentina Robin K. Cameron, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada Alan C. Cassells, Univ College Cork, Cork, Ireland Kim S. Camilli, Reno, NV Claudia V. Castell-Miller, Afton, MN Bruno Cammue, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, John D. Castello, State Univ of New York, Syracuse, NY Leuven, Belgium Luisa F. Castiblanco, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Amara R. Camp, Cornell University - NYSAES, Geneva, NY Nancy P. Castilla, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Donald M. Campanella, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Philippines Howard L. Campbell, Auburn Univ, Auburn Univ, AL Juan D. Castillo, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Keith W. Campbell, Johnston, IA Pablo Castillo, Inst Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Robert N. Campbell, Davis, CA Raul O. Castillo, PhD, FIADE CINCAE, Guayaquil, Ecuador William M. Campbell, Dairyland Research Intl, Clinton, WI Lisa A. Castlebury, USDA ARS SBML, Beltsville, MD Joni Campidlli, Percival Scientific Inc, Perry, IA Raffaello Castoria, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Elizabeth V. Campoverde, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Italy Craig H. Canaday, Univ of Tennessee, Jackson, TN Marco Castro, PhD, Dole Fresh Fruit, Miami, FL John D. Canaday, USDA APHIS PPQ, Riverdale, MD Anita Castro Sparks, STA Labs, Gilroy, CA Maria Emilia Candela, Univ de Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Mursel Catal, East Lansing, MI Spain Sergio Catastini, Galleno (FI), Italy Byron L. Candole, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Robert A. Cating, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Thierry Candresse, INRA, Villenave D’Ornon, France Nora J. Catlin, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Riverhead, NY Lydia Cano, Dole Philippine Inc, Davao City, Philippines Catharine Catranis, SUNY Cortland, Fabius, NY Blanca I. Canteros, INTA, Bella Vista Ctes, Argentina Jason Cavatorta, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Emily G. Cantonwine, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA Craig A. Cavin, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Frederick, MD Roy G. Cantrell, Monsanto Corp, St Louis, MO Fred Ceballos, Euro American Propagators LLC, Bonsall, CA Sharon A. Cantrell, Univ of Turabo, Gurabo, PR Jack T. Cecil, Univ of Wyoming, Lingle, WY Dario Cantu, Univ of California, Davis, CA Franci Celar, PhD, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia Lihua Cao, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Michael J. Celetti, OMAFRA, Guelph, ON, Canada Tiesen Cao, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Raymond F. Cerkauskas, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Alin Flavius Carabet, Univ of Agric Sciences & Veterinary ON, Canada Medicine, Timisoara, Romania Silvija Cerni, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Ignazio Carbone, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Felix A. Cervantes, Univ of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID Jose E. Cardoso, EMBRAPA Agroindostria Tropical, Fortaleza, Raziye Cetinkaya-Yildiz, Univ of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey CE, Brazil Jae-Soon Cha, Chungbuk National Univ, Cheongju Chungbuk, Kitty F. Cardwell, USDA CSREES PAS, Washington, DC South Korea Odile Carisse, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Nadia Chacko, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Quebec, QC, Canada Kelly Michelle Chacon, Pembroke Pines, FL H. Edwin Carley, Colorado Springs, CO B. B. Chaddha, New Delhi, India Nestor E. Caroselli, Kingston, RI Patcharavipa Chaijuckam, Univ of Califorinia, Davis, CA Pablo D. Carpane, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Nanda Chakraborty, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Stanton, MN John P. Carr, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Jennifer L. Chaky, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Marcelo R. Carranza, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata, BA, David B. Chalkley, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Argentina VA Angela Judith Carreno Perez, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Bogota, Paul H. Chaloux, USDA, Riverdale, MD Colombia Srinivasa Rao Chaluvadi, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Ramiro Carretero, Univ De Buenos Aires, Av San Martin, BA, Girigowda Chaluvaraju, Nunhems Seeds Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Argentina India James C. Carrington, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Alan Chambers, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Lori M. Carris, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA LaShawnda Chambliss-Bush, USDA ARS, Athens, GA Amy B. Carroll, Univ of Arkansas Coop Ext Svc, Lonoke, AR Chiradej Chamswarng, Kasetsart Univ, Nakhon Pathom, Juliet E. Carroll, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Thailand N. Beth Carroll, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Ashok K. Chanda, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA

76 Muni Chandrashekar, Bangalore, India Weidong Chen, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Chung-Jan Chang, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Weiliang Chen, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Kan-Fa Chang, Alberta Agric & Food, Lacombe, AB, Canada Xianming Chen, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA Ming-Mei Chang, SUNY-Geneseo, Geneseo, NY Xiaolin Chen, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Peta-Gaye S. Chang, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA China Pi-Fang Linda Chang, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung City, Xujun Chen, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Taiwan Rep of China China Ruey-Jang Chang, Permanent Mission of Taiwan, Vernier, Yu Chen, Madison, WI Geneva, Switzerland Yu Chen, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Sungyul Chang, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL China Taehyun Chang, PhD, Sangju National Univ, Sangju, Korea Yuh-Kun Chen, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep Tsu Liang Chang, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of of China China Yuting Chen, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Venkataramana Chapara, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND China Amy O. Charkowski, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Zhi-Yuan Chen, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Nikki D. Charlton, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Davis W. Cheng, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA OK Mingyuan Cheng, College Station, TX Raghavan Charudattan, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Peng Cheng, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Ann R. Chase, Chase Horticultural Research Inc, Mount Aukum, Ying Huey Cheng, PhD, Taichung Coun, Taiwan Rep of China CA Yuqin Cheng, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Thomas E. Chase, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD China Gary A. Chastagner, Washington State Univ, Puyallup, WA Pen C. Cheo, Buena Park, CA Elisavet K. Chatzivassiliou, Democritus Univ of Thrace, N. Susan Cheplick, Nourse Farms Inc, South Deerfield, MA Orestiada, Greece Meyer Chessin, Univ of Montana, Missoula, MT Virendra S. Chauhan, New Delhi, India Ilan Chet, Hebrew Univ, Rehovet, Israel J. Jesus Chavez Alparo, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de Chu-Hui Chiang, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Changhua, Taiwan Rep of China Alicia Chavez-Medina, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Kuo-Szu Chiang, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Mexico Rep of China Supannee Cheewawiriyakul, Seminis Vegetable Seeds Co Ltd, Luigi Chiarappa, Livermore, CA Chiang Rai, Thailand Takuya Chiba, Sakata Seed Co Ltd, Shizuoka-Ken, Japan Dan O. Chellemi, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL Marcus Chibucos, Bowling Green, OH Baoshan Chen, Guangxi Univ, Guangxi, Peoples Rep of China Alexander Chichuk, Cumberland, IN Chang-Jun Chen, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Pissawan Chiemsombat, Kasetsart Univ Kamp, Nakhon Pathom, Rep of China Thailand Chao-Shien Chen, Lins Inc, Provo, UT Martin I. Chilvers, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Chao-Ying Chen, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of Buncha Chinnasri, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand China Flora V. Chisholm, Florida Memorial Univ, Hollywood, FL Chien-Hua Chen, AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Stephen T. Chisholm, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Tainan, Taiwan Rep of China Periasamy Chitrampalam, Tucson, AZ Chiliang Chen, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA David J. Chitwood, USDA, Beltsville, MD Chunquan Chen, Agribiotics Inc, Cambridge, ON, Canada Stephen M. Chmiel, Bayer CropScience, Seymour, IL De-Shiu Chen, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan John J. Cho, Univ of Hawaii, Kula, HI Rep of China Jung Hee Cho, Chungbuk National Univ, Cheongju, Korea Gongyou Chen, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep Il-Ryong Choi, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Philippines of China Young-Jin Choi, Kyonggido Agric Res & Ext Svcs, Kyonggi-Do, Jianchi Chen, USDA ARS PWA, Parlier, CA South Korea Li-Fang Chen, Univ of California, Davis, CA Godfrey Chongo, Bayer CropScience, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Mo-Mei Chen, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Thin-Meiw Choo, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Pengyin Chen, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Canada Qiao L. Chen, Harris Moran Seed Co, Modesto, CA Vijay Kumar Choppakatla, Atlanta, GA Qinghe Chen, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Chi-Kuen Steve Chou, Rotorua, New Zealand Ruey-Shyang Chen, Natl Chiayi Univ, Chiayi, Taiwan Rep of Elia Choueiri, Lebanese Agric Research Inst, Zahli, Lebanon China Barbara J. Christ, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Senyu Chen, Univ of Minnesota, Waseca, MN Shawn Christensen, Texas A&M, College Station, TX Songbiao Chen, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Rock Christiano, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Tsung-Chi Chen, Asia Univ, Wufeng, Taichung Cnty, Taiwan Rep Morgan L. Christie, Agripath Inc, Newberry, FL of China Richard G. Christie, Agripath Inc, Newberry, FL Wanquan Chen, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Sofia Noemi Chulze, Univ Nacional De Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, China Cordoba, Argentina

77 Forrest G. Chumley, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS George J. Collier, HJ Heinz Co, Leamington, ON, Canada David T. Chun, Clemson, SC David B. Collinge, Univ of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark Se-Chul Chun, Kon-Kuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea Alyssa A. Collins, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Chia-Lin Chung, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Bradley R. Collins, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Hoo-Sup Chung, Suwon, South Korea Daniel J. Collins, Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Kuang-Ren Chung, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Alan Collmer, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Young Ryun Chung, Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Jinju, South Korea Candace W. Collmer, Wells College, Aurora, NY Alice C. Churchill, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Maria del Huerto Colombo, INTA EEA, Bella Vista Ctes, Aurelio Ciancio, CNR Ist Per La Protezione Delle Piante, Bari, Argentina Italy Julissa Colon Garay, Mycogen Seeds, Caguas, PR Christian Cilas, CIRAD CP, Montpellier, France Susan J. Colucci, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jessica Ciomperlik, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Manuel Colunga-Garcia, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Gabriella G. Cirvilleri, PhD, Univ of Catania, Catania, Italy Patrick D. Colyer, Louisiana State Univ AgCenter, Bossier City, Fiorella M. Cisneros, The Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH LA Ahmet Citir, Namik Kemal Univ, Tekirdag, Turkey Ulrich Commandeur, Inst for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Vitaly Citovsky, Suny At Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY Germany Lynda M. Ciuffetti, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Jack C. Comstock, USDA ARS, Canal Point, FL Antonio Vicent Civera, Instituto Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Steven A. Conaway, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Alboraya (Valencia), Spain Vilma Cecilia Conci, INTA, Cordoba, Argentina Edwin L. Civerolo, USDA ARS PWA, Parlier, CA Vergel C. Concibido, Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO Anthony J. Clark, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Kenneth Conn, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, Canada Christopher A. Clark, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Kevin E. Conn, Seminis Vegetable Seeds Inc, Woodland, CA Bruce B. Clarke, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Richard L. Conn, Conn & Smith Inc, Lorton, VA Murray K. Clayton, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Joseph H. Connell, Univ of California Coop Ext, Oroville, CA David L. Clement, Univ of Maryland, Ellicott City, MD Laurie B. Connell, PhD, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Robert G. Clement, USDA APHIS PPQ, Morgan Hill, CA Kassie N. Conner, Wetumpka, AL Jennifer M. Clifford, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Richard H. Converse, Corvallis, OR Molly N. Cline, Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO William S. Conway, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Steven D. Cline, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO Allyn A. Cook, Gainesville, FL William O. Cline, North Carolina State Univ, Castle Hayne, NC Douglas R. Cook, Univ of California, Davis, CA Steven J. Clough, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL Gilbert E. Cook, Cook Ag Science Expertise, Spokane Valley, WA Gerard R. G. Clover, Ministry of Agric & Forestry, Auckland, Kevin L. Cook, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Naples, FL New Zealand R. James Cook, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Raymond A. Cloyd, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Louise R. Cooke, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Gitta Laurel Coaker, Univ of California, Davis, CA United Kingdom Stella Melugin Coakley, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Donald A. Cooksey, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Phyllis L. Coates-Beckford, Univ of West Indies, Kingston 7, Daniel R. Cooley, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Jamaica Hans J. Cools, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom Ann C. Cobb, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Leonard B. Coop, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Fields W. Cobb, Jr., Sagle, ID Gary T. Cooper, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Joshua Cobb, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Robert J. Copeman, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, William T. Cobb, Cobb Consulting Services, Kennewick, WA Canada Alex Cochran, Syngenta Crop Protection, Granite Bay, CA Warren E. Copes, USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS Carol E. Cochrane, CAS, Columbus, OH David L. Coplin, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Steve D. Cockreham, Sepro Corp, Carmel, IN Tristan E. Coram, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Brady P. Code, Syngenta Canada, Kitchener, ON, Canada Kenneth M. Corbett, Bowie, MD Rosalee A. Coelho Netto, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Billy R. Corbin, Jr., Valent USA Corp, Leland, MS Michael D. Coffey, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Pilar Cordovilla, Univ De Jaen, Jaen, Spain Mortimer Cohen, Miami, FL Ben J. C. Cornelissen, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Nancy D. Cohen, Campbell Soup Co, Davis, CA Netherlands Ron Cohen, Agri Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel Maria R. Corral Garcia, A Coruna, Spain Susan D. Cohen, Center for Regulatory Research LLC, Roseville, Fernando Correa, RiceTec Inc, Alvin, TX MN Valdir R. Correa, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Sylvan I. Cohen, Monroe Twp, NJ Josias Correa De Faria, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Antonio De Yigal Cohen, Bar-Ilan Univ, Ramat-Gan, Israel Goias, GO, Brazil Cliff Coker, Southeast Research & Ext Ctr, Monticello, AR Carolina Corredor, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Stephen F. Colbert, DuPont Crop Protection, Escalon, CA James C. Correll, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Glenn C. Colburn, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Paolo Cortesi, State University of Milan, Milano, Italy Jeneylyne F. Colcol, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Barbara S. Corwin, Turfgrass Diagnostics LLC, Hallsville, MO Anthony B. Cole, Dakota Wesleyan Univ, Mitchell, SD Laura Costadone, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA

78 Stefano Costanzo, USDA ARS DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Elroy A. Curl, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Peter J. Cotty, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ Thomas J. Curley, Jr., Ames, IA Janelle Counsell, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Kenneth J. Curry, Univ of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS James W. Counts, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI S. Gary Custis, PBI Gordon Corp, Kansas City, MO Arnaud Cousin, BASF Agro, Ecully, France Bogdan M. Cvjetkovic, Univ of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Teresa A. Coutinho, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Henryk Czosnek, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Africa John V. Da Graca, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Jenny Cova-Moncada, Univ of Central Venezuela, Cabudare, Luiz Adolfo Da Silva, Sao Paulo, Brazil Venezuela Marcos Paulo Da Silva, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Sarah F. Covert, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Alexandre Da Silva Conceicao, DuPont Experimental Station, Christina Cowger, USDA ARS, NCSU, Raleigh, NC Wilmington, DE Wallace A. Cowling, The Univ of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Fouad Daayf, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Australia Randy P. Dahl, No St Paul, MN David Cox, Syngenta Crop Protection, Madera, CA Juni Dai, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of Kerik D. Cox, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY China William D. Cox, Coxco Ag Service Inc, Las Cruces, NM Yuntao Dai, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR W. John Coxeter, Brockport, NY James L. Dale, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Christine M Coyle, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Gustavo R. Daleo, Univ Nacional De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Emerson Crabill, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Plata, Argentina Clara Ines Cragnolini, Univ Nacional De Cordoba, 5000 - Mike R. Daley, Land & Sea Organics Inc, Modesto, CA Córdoba, Argentina Josef Dalla Via, Bressanone, Bolzano, Italy James P Craig, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Cynthia M. B. Damasceno, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Jeweus Craig, Charlotte, NC Hattie R. Dambroski, USDA ARS CDL, St Paul, MN Michelle M. Cram, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA John P. Damicone, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Julia M. Crane, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Vernon D. Damsteegt, USDA ARS NAA FDWSRU, Fort Kelly Craven, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Detrick, MD Rebecca Creamer, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Dariush Danesh, Atlanta, GA Jodi E. Creasap, Cornell Univ, Fredonia, NY Phat Dang, USDA ARS, Dawson, GA Buford J. Creech, II, Southeast Ag & Turf Inc, Clermont, FL Jeffrey L. Daniels, West Des Moines, IA Tom C. Creswell, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Solveig Danielsen, Copenhagen S, Denmark Derek S. Crompton, Univ of Minnesota, Roseau, MN Saeed Darabi, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, Iran Morgan L. Cromwell, Univ of Vermont, Burlington, VT Robert M. Darby, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, United Kevin M. Crosby, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Kingdom Donald F. Crossan, Newark, DE Cleora J. D’Arcy, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL James M. Crosslin, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Christopher D. Dardick, USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV JoAnne Crouch, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Puneet Dargan, New Delhi, India Pedro W. Crous, Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Ranju Dargan, New Delhi, India Netherlands Ellis F. Darley, Cashmere, WA Aldo J. Crovetti, A J Crovetti & Associates Inc, Lake Forest, IL Norman L. Dart, Washington State Univ, Puyallup, WA Robert V. Crow, Ames, IA Indranil Dasgupta, Univ of Delhi, New Delhi, India William T. Crow, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Lawrence E. Datnoff, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Frederick Crowe, Redding, CA Margaret E. Daub, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Christian D. Cruz, Wooster, OH Margery L. Daughtrey, Cornell Univ, Riverhead, NY Luisa F. Cruz, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Jean-Heinrich J. Daugrois, CIRAD, Petit Bourge, FWI, Cesar A. Cruz V., Euroamerican Bussines S.A., Lima, IL, Peru Guadeloupe Alex S. Csinos, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Paul L. Daum, Parkland, FL Ramon Cu, PHILSURIN, Bacolod City, Philippines Anita L. Davelos Baines, Univ of Texas Pan American, Edinburg, Jaime Cubero, INIA, Madrid, Spain TX Marc A. Cubeta, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Monica A. David, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Jim D. Cucuzza, Weed, CA Nicholas David, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Yazmin Cuervo Usan, UNAM FES Cuautitlan, Naucalpan, Paul J. David, Gowan Co, Lititz, PA Mexico Jennifer A. Davidson, SARDI, Adelaide, SA, Australia Albert K. Culbreath, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Jennifer M. Davidson, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI James N. Culver, Univ of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Rebecca Davidson, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO College Park, MD Robert D. Davidson, Colorado State Univ, Center, CO Jaime A. Cummings, Sedro Wolley, WA Donald D. Davis, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Barry M. Cunfer, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Eric L. Davis, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Diane A. Cuppels, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, James R. Davis, Univ of Idaho R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID Canada Jeffrey A. Davis, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Mirna Curkevic Perica, Univ of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Lilly H. Davis, Los Angeles, CA

79 Mark A. Davis, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Afsaneh Delpasand, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Michael J. Davis, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Anne DeMarsay, Univ of Maryland, Upper Marlboro, MD R. Mike Davis, Univ of California, Davis, CA Michael S. DeMilia, DeMilia Research, Raleigh, NC Richard F. Davis, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA Semra Demir, Univ of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey Richard I. Davis, NAQS AQIS, Mareeba, QLD, Australia Tina Demsar, Natl Inst of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia Robert A. Davis, Chemtura Corp, Middlebury Ct, Cheshire, CT Alana Den Breeyen, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Robert E. Davis, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Stellenbosch, Matieland, Rep of South Africa Robert G. Davis, Belden, MS Shauna P. Dendy, USDA, Manhattan, KS Catherine Davis Gray, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Ting-Chin Deng, Taiwan Agric Research Inst, Taichung, Taiwan William O. Dawson, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Rep of China Brad Day, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Xiaoling Deng, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep Peter R. Day, New Port Richey, FL of China Steven J. Day, Day & Associates, Littleton, CO Yizhen Deng, Natl Univ of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Marjan De Boer, Lisse, Netherlands Sandra Denman, Forest Research, Farnham, Surrey, United Solke H. De Boer, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Kingdom Charlottetown, PE, Canada Timothy P. Denny, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Paul J. De Figueiredo, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Charles E. Denver, CRC Ag Consulting, Watson, AR Marta Cristina De Filipi, PhD, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Carl M. Deom, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Antonio De Goiania, GO, Brazil Wilhelm Dercks, Fachhochschule Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany Erik De Groot, NUNHEMS ITALY SRL, S Agata Bolognese Michael L. Derie, Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon, WA (BO), Italy Peter H. Dernoeden, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Simon J. De Hoop, East West Seed Co Ltd, Chiang Mai, Thailand Johan Desaeger, DuPont Crop Protection, Newark, DE Ronnie De Jonge, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Gelderland, Anne E. Desjardins, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Netherlands Mardi L. Desjardins, Crop Diagnostic Ctr, Winnipeg, MB, Jacq de Koning, Western Seed, Naaldwijk, Netherlands Canada Laura de la Canal, Univ of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Usha Dev, Natl Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, Argentina India Leonardo De La Fuente, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY James E. DeVay, Univ of California, Davis, CA Rodolfo Almaraz De La Torre, FES-IZTACALA UNAM, Megan M. Dewdney, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Mexico, D.F., Mexico Pierre J. deWit, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Carola Maria De La Torre Cuba, Ohio State Univ, Ohio, OH Francesco Di Serio, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerrche, Bari, Nilceu R. X. De Nazareno, IAPAR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil Italy Patricia de Sa, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Stephanie Diallo, Rouen Univ, Evreux, France Estela de Silva Guerreiro, Amerciras-Gare, Portugal Jose C. Dianese, PhD, Universidade de Brasilia de Brasilia, Antonio De Vicente, Univ of Malaga, Malaga, Spain Brasilia, DF, Brazil Erick D. De Wolf, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Ana Paula S. Dias, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Michael Leonard Deadman, Sultan Qaboos Univ, Al Khod, Francsico J. Diaz, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Oman Carmen Diaz-Andreu, Bayer CropScience S.L., Brenes, Spain Kenneth L. Deahl, Silver Spring, MD Maria Mercedes Diaz-Arias, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Ralph A. Dean, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jose M. Diaz-Minguez, Univ Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Eduardo A. Debrot, Caracas, Venezuela Michael W. Dick, Univ of Reading, Kingsbridge, Devon, United Erik DeBruyne, SESVANDERHAVE N.V., Tienen, Belgium Kingdom Dorian D. DeDene, Three C’s Landscaping, East Pointe, MI Rebecca May Dickenson, Valent BioSciences, Long Grove, IL Charles Antoine Dedryver, INRA, Le Rheu, CEDEX, AZ, Allan Dickerman, Virginia Bioinformatics Inst, Blacksburg, VA France Ottie J. Dickerson, Clemson, SC Rosalia Deeken, Univ of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany M. Bess Dicklow, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Ira W. Deep, Worthington, OH Martin B. Dickman, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Genevieve J. Defago, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zurich Donald W. Dickson, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL (IBZ), Zurich, Switzerland Elizabeth Dickson, Clovis, CA Hamid Dehghani, PhD, Tarbiat Modarres Univ, Tehran, Iran Jean-Patrick Didier, Cargill, Fort Collins, CO Johan Dekker, Wageningen, Netherlands Susan V. Diehl, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Luis del Rio, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Andrew C. Diener, Univ of California, Los Angeles, CA Agnes Delaunay, INRA, Le Rheu, France Theodor O. Diener, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Rick W. Delbridge, Delbridge Disease Management, Kentville, Urban L. Diener, Auburn, AL NS, Canada Robert F. Dietrich, DuPont Crop Protection, Newark, DE Wim Deleu, Ramiro Arnedo S.A., Almeria, Spain Ralf G. Dietzgen, Dept of Primary Industries & Fisheries, St Javier A. Delgado, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Santiago Delgado-Sanchez, San Juan, D.F., Mexico Matthew V. DiLeo, Davis, CA Catia Delmiglio, Waitakere, New Zealand Helene R. Dillard, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Charles J. Delp, Tampa, FL Ruth Dill-Macky, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN

80 Susana Dimas, Inst Tecnologico De Tlajomulco, Tlajomulco De Arthur James Downer, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Ojai, Zuniga, Mexico CA Jerome E. Dimitman, Covina, CA Martin A. Draper, USDA CSREES, Washington, DC Lidya Dimitrova, Central Lab for Plant Quarantine, Samokov, Tyler J. Dreaden, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Bulgaria Andre Drenth, Indooroopilly Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Michael B. Dimock, Certis USA, Columbia, MD Australia Sheng-Li Ding, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Ivan Dressler Da Costa, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Shou-Wei Ding, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Maria, RS, Brazil Xinshun Ding, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK George F. Driever, Oklahoma State Univ, Muskogee, OK Louis V. Dinitto, Nunhems USA, Brooks, OR James Driver, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Amos Dinoor, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Ian B. Dry, CSIRO Plant Industry, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia Jacques Dintinger, CIRAD, St Pierre Reunion Is, France Lindsey J. du Toit, Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon, WA Marlies Dissevelt, Koppert Biological Systems BV, Berkel En Xiayu Duan, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Rodenrijs, Netherlands China Christina Dixelius, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Yongping Duan, USDA ARS USHRL, Fort Pierce, FL Sweden Valmir Duarte, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Edward W. Dixon, Lexington, KY H. Jesse Dubin, Frederick, MD Slavica Zarija Djonovic, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Nicholas S. Dufault, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA MA James E. Duffus, Salinas, CA Annika M. Djurle, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Brion K. Duffy, Swiss Federal Research Station, Wadenswil, Jeffrey H. Dobbs, OHP, Inc, Roswell, GA Switzerland Sharon M. Dobesh, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Frank M. Dugan, USDA ARS WRPIS, Pullman, WA Katherine F. Dobinson, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, Kristopher M. Dulmer, Bartlett Tree Experts, Syracuse, NY ON, Canada C. Korsi Dumenyo, Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN James L. Dodd, Professional Seed Research Inc, Sugar Grove, IL Robert Wayne Duncan, Univ of California, Davis, CA Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Roger A. Duncan, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Modesto, CA Allan Dodds, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Jeremiah K. S. Dung, Washington State University, Pullman, WA Nathan Dodds, JJ Mauget Co, Arcadia, CA John M. Duniway, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jeff Dodson, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Oxnard, CA Larry D. Dunkle, USDA ARS, West Lafayette, IN M. Timur Doken, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Robert A. Dunn, Scottsville, VA Thomas E. Dolan, Butler Univ, Indianapolis, IN Srinivasan Durairaj, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Andrea Dolezal, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Luis Fernando Duran, FHIA, San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Honduras William E. Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Roger Durand, Univ du Littoral, Calais, France David A. Doll, Univ of California, Merced, CA Tim Durham, Gainesville, FL Michel Dollet, CIRAD BIOS, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Mathieu Dusabenyagasani, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Leslie L. Domier, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL Canada Jacques Dommes, Univ of Liege, Liege, Belgium James Dutkiewicz, Meiji Techno America, Santa Clara, CA Ryan S. Donahoo, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Ethel M. Dutky, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Patricia A. Donald, USDA ARS, Jackson, TN Bhabesh Dutta, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Hansong Dong, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep Katrina B. Duttweiler, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY of China Etienne M. Duveiller, CIMMYT, Mexico City, Mexico Weibo Dong, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Alan T. Dyer, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Irwin Ronaldo Donis Gonzalez, Michigan State Univ, East Douglas Dziuban, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Lansing, MI Darin M. Eastburn, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Siriporn Donnua, Kasetsart Univ, Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand Gene D. Easton, Prosser, WA Nicole M. Donofrio, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Ken C. Eastwell, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Fiona Doohan, Univ College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Daniel J. Ebbole, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Federico Dorati, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Michelle A. Eberle, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Anne E. Dorrance, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Lori G. Eckhardt, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Richard Dorset, Morrisville, NC Brooke Aurora Edmunds, North Carolina State Univ, Daniel Dostaler, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Morrisville, NC Mark A. Doster, Univ of California, Parlier, CA H. Herbert Edwards, Western Illinois Univ, Macomb, IL Huating Dou, BASF, Dinuba, CA Michael C. Edwards, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND Sharon M. Douglas, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, New Haven, Ryan Edwards, Winchester, IN CT Roger J. Effertz, Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO Greg W. Douhan, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Daniel S. Egel, Purdue University, Vincennes, IN Roberta L. Dow, Michigan State Univ, Traverse City, MI Alan L. Eggenberger, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA William M. Dowler, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Jordan E. Eggers, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Leslie J. Dowley, Oak Park Research Center, Carlow, Ireland Ramiro Eguiguren, Asistec, Quito, Ecuador Robert C. Ehn, R3 Ag Consulting LLC, Clovis, CA

81 Syed Ehteshamul-Haque, Univ of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Enrique Escoto Garcia, La Hortaliza, Yureccuaro Michuacan, Pakistan Mexico Ahmed E. Eid, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt Brian C. Eshenaur, Cornell IPM Program, Rochester, NY Sahar Eid, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Akif Eskalen, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Georgia C. Eizenga, USDA ARS DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Paul Esker, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Cafer Eken, PhD, Ataturk Univ, Erzurum, Turkey Adriana Espinosa, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Abul K. M. Ekramoddoullah, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, Margaret Essenberg, Oklahoma State Univ, Eugene, OR BC, Canada Anthony L. Estes, United Phosphorus Inc, Walhalla, SC Yigal Elad, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Consuelo Estevez deJensen, Univ of Puerto Rico, Juana Diaz, PR Fritz N. Elango, Earth Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica Conrad K. Evans, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Mervat E. Elaraby, Vacaville, CA Neal Evans, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom Sawsan Y. Elateek, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Thomas A. Evans, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Sean D. Eldredge, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Lynn S. Evans-Goldner, USDA APHIS PPQ EDP, Riverdale, Mohamed H. El-Habbak, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY MD Said A. K. El-Hassan, Reading Univ, Reading, Berkshire, United Sydney E. Everhart, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Kingdom Merle G. Eversmeyer, Manhattan, KS Lo-Pelzer Elise, Natl Inst of Agronomy Research (INRA), Kellye A. Eversole, Eversole Associates, Bethesda, MD Thiverval-Grignon, France Kathryne L. Everts, Univ of Maryland College Park, Salisbury, Maged T. El-Kahky, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt MD John R. Elkins, Beaver, WV Hugh W. Ewart, California Citrus Quality Council, Auburn, CA Axel Elling, Yale Univ, New Haven, CT Alieta Eyles, CRC Foresty/ TIAR, Hobart, TAS, Australia Albert H. Ellingboe, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI David Ezra, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Arthur M. Elliot, Lubbock, TX Veronica Fabiana Consolo, FIBA Conicet, Mar Del Plata, BA, Clare R. Elliott, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Argentina Marianne Elliott, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Canada Anna-Liisa Fabritius, PhD, Agri-Analysis LLC, Davis, CA Monica L. Elliott, Univ of Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL Julius E. Fajardo, Chemtura Corporation, Middlebury, CT Vern J. Elliott, Bakersfield, CA Ahmad M. Fakhoury, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Margaret Lee Ellis, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Jennifer S. Falacy, Washington State Dept of Agric, Olympia, WA Mike A. Ellis, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Igor Falak, Pioneer Hi-Bred Prod Ltd, Caledon, ON, Canada Peter Ellis, Phyto Diagnostics Co Ltd, North Saanich, BC, Canada Rick Falconer, American Takii Inc, Salinas, CA Sarah D. Ellis, Ohio State Univ, Wilmington, OH Bryce W. Falk, Univ of California, Davis, CA Alex R. Ellram, State Uinv of New York, Cobleskill, NY Stuart P. Falk, Scotts Miracle-Gro Co, Marysville, OH Mohamed A. El-Meleigi, Qassim Univ, Burydah, Qassim, Saudi Elazar Fallik, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Arabia Zaifeng Fan, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Wade H. Elmer, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, New Haven, CT China Nehal S. El-Mougy, PhD, Natl Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Chong-Tah Fang, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Weigang, Nanjing, Khaled Abbas El-Tarabily, United Arab Emirates Univ, Al-Ain, Peoples Rep of China UAE Eric G. G. Fang, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Kamal M. El-Zik, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Zhiwei Fang, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Robert M. Endo, Riverside, CA Michael Hanna Farag Abd El-Sayed, Plant Pathology Research Scott A. Enebak, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Inst, Giza, Egypt Esteban A. Engel, Fundacion Ciencia Para la Vida, Santiago, RM, James J. Farrar, California State Univ, Fresno, CA Chile Steven R. Farrington, Gowan Co, Auburn, AL Christine J. Engelbrecht, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Shirin Farzadfar, Plant Pests & Diseases Research Inst, Tehran, Arthur W. Engelhard, Bradenton, FL Iran Larry Englander, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Patricia L. Fashing, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA James T. English, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Travis R. Faske, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX W. Harley English, Univ of California, Davis, CA Abdolrahman Fassihiani, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Catherine A. Entwistle, The Turf Disease Centre, Bramley, Zargan, Iran Hampshire, United Kingdom M’Barek Fatmi, Inst Agronomique Et Vet Hassan II, Agadir, Junichiro Enya, Mikado Kyowa Seed Co Ltd, Chiba, Japan Morocco Abraham H. Epstein, Bradenton, FL Jerome R. Faulkner, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Anas Eranthodi, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Claude M. Fauquet, ILTAB, St Louis, MO Mervyn J. Erb, Erb Crop Management Systems Inc, Brucefield, Francesco Favaron, Univ Di Padova, Legnaro, Italy ON, Canada Marla Faver, BioWorks, Robertsdale, AL Gian L. Ercolani, Univ Degli Studi Di Bari, Bari, Italy Syed F. Fazli, Plantboy Inc, Coral Springs, FL Catherine J. Erhardt, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Nicolas Feau, Natural Resources Canada, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada Omer O. Erincik, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Vicente J. Febres, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Donald C. Erwin, Riverside, CA William A. Feder, Univ of Massachusetts, Waltham, MA Gao Fei, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO

82 Martin Feinstein, USDA APHIS PPQ, West Orange, NJ Ricardo Flores, IBMCP UPV CSIC, Valencia, Spain Merari Feliciano-Rivera, Lexington, KY Zomary Flores, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI John P. Fellers, USDA ARS PSERU, Manhattan, KS Hilda Elizabet Flores Moctezuma, Centro De Desarrollo De Jianjun Feng, USDA, Fort Detrick, MD Productos Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Sun Feng, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Alberto Flores-Olivas, Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, China Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico Yan Feng, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Crystal M. Floyd, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Leah E. Floyd, Cary, NC L. Feng Shan, Taipei, AP, Taiwan Rep of China Walter Fluckiger, Inst for Applied Plant Biology, Schonenbuch, Brennan A. Ferguson, Ferguson Forest Pathology Consulting Inc, Switzerland Missoula, MT Robert Fluhr, Weizmann Inst of Science, Rehovot, Israel Lisa M. Ferguson, USDA APHIS, Raleigh, NC Tom Fogal, Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Gustavo A. Fermin-Munoz, Univ De Los Andes, Merida, Nyckle J. Fokkema, Renkum, Netherlands Venezuela Dean C. Foley, Missoula, MT Jessie Fernandez, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Svetlana Yu Folimonova, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Sylvia P. Fernandez Pavia, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico Dayo Oladimeji Folorunso, Federal Univ of Technology, Agege, Dilantha G. Fernando, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Akure, Nigeria Canada Rebecca E. Fontenot, Pennsylvania State Univ, State College, PA Francis J. Ferrandino, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, New Stephen R. Foor, DuPont Agricultural Products, Newark, DE Haven, CT Gregory A. Forbes, International Potato Center, Miami, FL Marisa V. Ferreira, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Kevin P. Ford, Keithly-Williams Seeds, Yuma, AZ Brazil Pamela D. Ford, Dekalb, IL Antonio Carolos Ferreira Da Silva, Univ Federal De Santa Richard E. Ford, Corvallis, OR Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Claude Fordyce, Jr., Longwood Biological Lab, Avondale, PA Donald M. Ferrin, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Daniel E. Forey, Bio Research, Fresno, CA Virginia R. Ferris, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Angus H. Forgan, Australian Wine Research Inst, Adelaide, Jesus A. Ferro, Alellyx Applied Genomics, Campinas, SP, Brazil Australia Rosa Lilia Ferrucho, Univ Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Thomas A. Forge, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Colombia Canada Allison E. Ferry, Fresno, CA Helga C. Forster, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Anania Fessehaie, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Robert L. Forster, Twin Falls, ID Thomas G. Fetch, Jr., Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Bruce A. Fortnum, Clemson Univ, Florence, SC Canada Andrew John Foster, Inst of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Jody L. Fetzer, Bethesda, MD Kaiserslautern, Germany Riccardo Fiaccadori, Univ of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Virginia Foster, Longview, WA Elizabeth Jeanne Fichtner, Davis, CA Lorianne Fought, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Andrea Ficke, Rijkzwaan Seed Co, Leiden, Netherlands Deidre D. Fourie, ARC - Grain Crops Inst, Potchefstroom, Rep of Michael A. Fidanza, Penn State Univ, Reading, PA South Africa Aubry E. Field, Ball Horticultural Co, West Chicago, IL Bart B. Fraaije, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Jose Francisco Figueiredo, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Kingdom Pedro Figueroa, INIFAP, Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico Bruce R. Fraedrich, Bartlett Tree Research Lab, Charlotte, NC Theodore H. Filer, Murfreesboro, TN Stephen W. Fraedrich, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA Martin Filion, Univ of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada Saul Fraire, Univ Autonoma de Zacatecas, Guadalupe, Zacatecas, Maria R. Finckh, Univ of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany Mexico Siegfried Fink, Inst fur Forstbotanik, Freiburg, Germany Gary D. Franc, Univ of Wyoming, Laramie, WY Christine M. Fishell, Colorado State Univ Extension, Brighton, Rene A. France, Sociedad Consultora Virion Ltda, Chillan, Chile CO Marta I. Francis-Mastalli, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Alison J. Fisher, PhD, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA William L. Franck, Columbia, MO Wayne Fithian, Golden Harvest Seeds, Waterloo, NE Emmanuel Franco, Aracaju, SE, Brazil Joe E. Flaherty, Coker College, Hartsville, SC Erin E. Frank, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Barbara K. Fleener, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA James A. Frank, Temecula, CA Jo-Ann G. W. Fleming, College Station, TX Susan J. Frankel, USDA FS Pacific Southwest Res Station, Albany, Dana M. Flemming, Manhattan, KS CA Jacqueline Fletcher, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Melodee L. Fraser, Pure Seed Testing Inc, Rolesville, NC Norma Cristina Flor, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Carol A. Frate, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Tulare, CA Jonathan P. Flora, Mycogen Seeds, Sidney, IL Deborah R. Fravel, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Simona Florea, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Lafayette Frederick, Howard Univ, Washington, DC Joseph V. Florentine, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Reid Frederick, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD Juan Flores, Univ Nac Agraria La Molina, Lima PE, Peru Richard A. Frederiksen, Albuquerque, NM Marco A. Flores, Guatemala, Guatemala Dave Fredrickson, Li-Cor Inc, Lincoln, NE

83 Brian C. Freeman, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Jean Galloway, Dept of Agric & Food WA, Northam, WA, Stanley Freeman, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Australia Jim Frelich, J. R. Frelich and Associates, Salem, OR Courtney A. Gallup, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Christopher J. French, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, Amit A. Gal-On, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagon, Israel BC, Canada Leny C. Galvez, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Edward R. French, International Potato Ctr - Lima Peru, Miami, Aakansha Gambhir, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND FL Abraham Gamliel, ARO Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Jason M. French, New Mexico State Univ Coop Extension, Las Efrat Gamliel-Atinsky, Agricultural Research Organization Cruces, NM (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel Ned M. French, II, Plant Health Care Inc, Little Rock, AR Philipp B. Gannibal, All-Russian Inst of Plant Protection, St Richard C. French, Frederick, MD Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia Roy C. French, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE Paul Gans, Plant Health Management, Cambridge, United Ronald D. French-Monar, PhD, AgriLife Extension-Texas A&M, Kingdom Amarillo, TX Bingli Gao, Divergence Inc, St Louis, MO Pascal Frey, INRA, Champenoux, France Jie Gao, Jilin Agric Univ, Changchun, Peoples Rep of China Travis Frey, PhD, Monsanto Co, Huxley, IA Li Gao, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Padruot M. Fried, Meilen, Switzerland Liangliang Gao, Univ of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN Wolfgang Friedt, Justus Liebig Univ, Giessen, Germany Weimin Gao, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ Timothy L. Friesen, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND Xiquan Gao, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Nathan T. Froese, BASF Canada, Winkler, MB, Canada Xuebiao Gao, Idaho Food Quality Assurance Lab, Twin Falls, ID Ken Frost, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Xuewen Gao, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of James D. Froyd, Bryson City, NC China William E. Fry, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Yun Cai Gao, Neova Technologies Inc, Abbotsford, BC, Canada Jeffrey Frye, North Carolina State Univ, West End, NC Zhimou Gao, Anhui Agric Univ, Hefei, Peoples Rep of China Yanping Fu, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Edith Garay-Serrano, Tarimbaro, Mich., Mexico Jacques Gabriel Fuchs, Biophyt Ltd, Mellikon, Switzerland Matteo M. Garbelotto, Univ of California Coop Ext, Berkeley, Marc Fuchs, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY CA Leopold A. Fucikovsky, Inst De Fitosanidad, Montecillo, C.P., Nicholas P. Garber, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Mexico Freddy Garces, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Segundo S. Fuentes, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru Javier A. Garces, Skinner Nurseries, Bunnell, FL Irazema Fuentes-Bueno, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Celsa Garcia, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia Guillermo Fuentes-Davila, INIFAP, Campo Exp Valle Del Yaqui, German Garcia, Sr., Corpoica, Fundacion Univ De Boyaca, Santa Cd Obregon Sonora, CP, Mexico Fe De Bogota, Colombia Judith A. Fugiel, Valent BioSciences Corp, Long Grove, IL Jose Garcia De La Rosa, Cd. Satelite, Edo, Mexico Masaaki Fujiki, Fraunhofer USA, Newark, DE Fernando Garcia-Arenal, Univ Politecnica De Madrid, Madrid, Makoto Fujimura, Univ of Toyo, Gunma, Japan Spain Romulo Fujito Kobori, Sakata Seed Sudamerica Ltda, Braganca Raymond S. Garcia-Estrada, CIAD AC, Laredo, TX Paulista, SP, Brazil Romulo Garcia-Velasco, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de Kenji Fukuda, Univ of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Ryo Fukui, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya Tochigi, Japan Stephanie Gardiner, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Dennis W. Fulbright, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Donald E. Gardner, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Bruce A. Fulling, Heartland Technologies, Fishers, IN Wayne S. Gardner, Woodland, CA Joseph P. Fulton, Fayetteville, AR Sunil Kumar Garg, Bhiwani, Haryana, India Robert H. Fulton, Midlothian, VA Samia Gargouri, INRAT, Ariana, Tunisia Deanna L. Funnell, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE Angelo E. Garibaldi, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy Hiromitsu Furuya, Akita Prefectural Univ, Akita, Japan Jerson M. Garita-Cambronero, Univ de Costa Rica, San Jose, Dean W. Gabriel, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Costa Rica Angela N. Gadino, California Polytechnic State Univ, San Luis Marie Garmier, Universite Paris-Sud 11, Orsay Cedex, France Obispo, CA Stephen M. Garnsey, Fallbrook, CA David M. Gadoury, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Karen A. Garrett, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS James M. Gaggero, BASF Corp, Citrus Heights, CA Wiley N. Garrett, Streetman, TX Alvaro Leon Gaitan, National Coffee Research Center, Chinchina, Eduardo R. Garrido-Ramirez, INIFAP Campo Experimental Caldas, Colombia Centro de Chiapas, Ocozocoautla, Mexico Liane R. Gale, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Atenea Garza, Univ of Texas Pan American, Edinburg, TX Krishna K. Gali, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Carla D. Garzon, PhD, College of Wooster, Wooster, OH Canada Luz Nayibe Garzon Gutierrez, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Bogota, Mannon E. Gallegly, Jr., West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Colombia Laura L. Gallegos, Univ of California, Davis, CA Walter Gassmann, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Dale J. Gallenberg, Univ of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI Emily W. Gatch, Seeds of Change, Seattle, WA Donato Gallitelli, Univ Degli Studi Di Bari, Bari, Italy Denis A. Gaudet, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada

84 Friedhelm Gauhl, Chiquita Brands Intl, Miami, FL Frederick E. Gildow, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Rajarshi Kumar Gaur, Umea Plant Science Centre, Umea, Richard L. Giles, North Carolina Microbiology Laboratory, Sweden Lincolnton, NC Pravin Gautam, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Eelco Gilijamse, Rijk Zwaan BV, De Lier, Netherlands Frances Gawthrop, Tozer Seeds Ltd, Surrey, United Kingdom Bikram S. Gill, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Romina Orietta Gazis, Howard Univ, Laurel, MD A. Graves Gillaspie, Jr., USDA ARS, Griffin, GA Clement Gboyega Afolabi, Ibadan, Nigeria Jennifer L. Gillett, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Leila Geagea, PhD, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Christopher A. Gilligan, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Lebanon Kingdom Bradley D. Geary, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Daniel H. Gillman, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Ray M. Geddens, DuPont Ag & Nutrition, Newark, DE Daniel Gindrat, Bassins, Switzerland Andrew Geering, Dept of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Roy E. Gingery, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia Martha C. Giraldo, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Rene Gees, Schoenenbuch, Switzerland Ronald D. Gitaitis, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Birsen Gegioglu Erincik, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Jessie A. Glaeser, US Forest Service, Madison, WI Hukam Singh Gehlot, Jodhpur, India Benjamin W. Glass, East Lansing, MI Hartwig H. Geiger, Univ of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Jenny R. Glass, Puyallup, WA Otto Geiger, UNAM - CCG, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico Dean A. Glawe, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA Brian W. Geils, USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, AZ Judith A. Glazener, Bowie, MD David M. Geiser, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Mark L. Gleason, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Steven D. Geist, Swingle Inc, Denver, CO Morag Glen, CSIRO, Hobart, TAS, Australia Ruth K. Genger, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Anthony E. Glenn, USDA ARS, Athens, GA David H. Gent, USDA ARS NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR Samuel J. Glucksman, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Babu George, Plainfield, IL Viji Gnana Asir, Warner Robins, GA Laura L. Georgi, Clemson University, Clemson, SC Samuel S. Gnanamanickam, Novozymes Biologicals Inc, Salem, Bart P. J. Geraats, Nunhems Netherlands BV, Haelen, Netherlands VA James W. Gerdemann, Yachats, OR Blair J. Goates, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID Rose C. Gergerich, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Alberto Martin Gochez, EEA INTA Bella Vista, Bella Vista Daniel J. Gerhardt, Wisconsin Dept of Agriculture, Madison, WI Corrientes, Argentina James S. Gerik, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Andrea Godoy, Univ of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Wolfgang W. P. Gerlach, Fachhochschule Weihenstephan, Freising, Graciela Godoy-Lutz, Bean/Cowpea CRSP, Lincoln, NE Germany Ellen M. Goheen, USDA Forest Service, Central Point, OR Thomas L. German, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Scott Evan Gold, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Carl-Henry Geschwind, Reston, VA Julie J. Gold Steinberg, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Cesare V. Gessler, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland MB, Canada Robert V. Gessner, Western Illinois Univ, Prescott, AZ Natalie P. Goldberg, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Amanda J. Gevens, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Polly H. Goldman, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Said A. Ghabrial, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Peter B. Goldsbrough, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Mahdi Ghanapour, Activsea, Cranford, NJ Rob Golembiewski, Univ of Minnesota, Crookston, Crookston, Kaveh Ghanbarnia, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada MN Jamshid H. Ghazanfari, ElMacero, CA Ali Reza Golnaraghi, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran Godelieve Gheysen, Univ of Gent, Gent, Belgium Julie Golod, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Sita R. Ghimire, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Gabriel M. Gomez, Univar USA, Vista, CA OK Hector E. Gomez, Facultad de Agronomia - UNLPam, Santa Silvina L. Giammaria, Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Rosa, la Pampa, Argentina “Obispo Colombres”, Las Talitas, Tucuman, Argentina Hilda D. Gomez, Hialeah, FL Leonard P. Gianessi, Crop Life Foundation, Washington, DC Enrique Gomez Hernandez, Productos Citrosol S.A., Potries, Amy J. Gibbs, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Valencia, Spain Donna M. Gibson, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Carlos Cecilio Gongora, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Matthew Giese, Kansas City, KS Carol V. Gonsalves, Hilo, HI Loren J. Giesler, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Dennis Gonsalves, USDA ARS PBARC, Hilo, HI Gregory S. Gilbert, Univ of California, Santa Cruz, CA Ana J. Gonzalez, SERIDA, Villaviciosa Asturias, Spain Jeannie A. Gilbert, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Carlos F. Gonzalez, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Canada Enid T. Gonzalez, USDA ARS CPGRU, Davis, CA R. Gene Gilbert, Agro-Enviro Consultants Inc, Bozeman, MT Francisco X. Gonzalez, San Pedro, Mexico Ross L. Gilbert, NSW Dept of Primary Industries, Orange, Gloria Gonzalez, Inst De Invest De Sanidad Vegetal, La Havana, Australia Cuba Robert L. Gilbertson, Univ of California, Davis, CA Maria C. Gonzalez, UNAM - Inst Biologia, Mexico City, DF, Robert L. Gilbertson, Phoenix, AZ Mexico David G. Gilchrist, Univ of California, Davis, CA

85 Mirian del Pilar Gonzalez, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Matthew Greene, North Carolina State Univ, Fletcher, NC Rosario, Argentina Amanda Greer, Monticello, AR Nancy A. Gonzalez, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Christopher A. Greer, UC Coop Extension, Colusa, CA Adriana Gonzalez Morla, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Guillaume Gregoire, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Alex David Gonzalez Vera, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Garold F. Gregory, Oklahoma City, OK Venezuela Nancy F. Gregory, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Luis Gonzalez-Candelas, Inst Agro Tec Alimentos, Valencia, Spain Sara K. Gremillion, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN Ramiro Gonzalez-Garza, Biociencia S.A. De C.V., Monterrey NL, William E. Grey, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Mexico Natalie Greynolds, Yuma, AZ Javier Gonzalez-Ramos, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Harald E. Grieb, USDA APHIS PPQ, El Paso, TX Isabel Gonzalez-Roncero, Univ de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain George A. Gries, Green Valley, AZ Matthew Y Goo, USDA APHIS PPQ, Honolulu, HI John Griesbach, Ascent Agricultural Services, Salem, OR Michael M. Goodin, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Carl A. Griffey, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Paul H. Goodwin, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Gary J. Griffin, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Stephen B. Goodwin, USDA ARS, West Lafayette, IN Mary R. Griffin, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN William R. Goodwine, Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc, Titusville, NJ Robert L. Griffin, Garner, NC Roger D. Goos, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Helen M. Griffiths, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Daniel W. Gorbet, North Florida Res & Education Ctr, Marta Grilli, Ghezzano (PI), Italy Marianna, FL Eva Grimme, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Donald T. Gordon, Wooster, OH Michael P. Grisham, USDA ARS SRRC, Houma, LA Thomas R. Gordon, Univ of California, Davis, CA Helen M. Grogan, TEAGASC, Dublin 17, Ireland August M. Gorenz, Hampshire, IL Raymond G. Grogan, King City, CA Erica M. Goss, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Paul Grooteman, Grootebroek, Netherlands Bruce D. Gossen, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Myron D. Groskopp, Stevens Point, WI Canada Dennis C. Gross, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Rubella S. Goswami, NDSU, Fargo, ND Nathan W. Gross, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Robert W. Goth, Ellicott City, MD Friedrich Grossmann, Univ Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Alan R. Gotlieb, Essex, VT Pierre Grossmann, Garden City, NY Tim R. Gottwald, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL Donald E. Groth, Louisiana State Univ AgCenter, Rayne, LA Francis J. Gough, Wetumpka, AL Gary G. Grove, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Ann Brooks Gould, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Melvin D. Grove, ISK Biosciences Corp, Houston, TX Francine Govers, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Veenita Grover, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Bhavanishankar Gowda, Charlottesville, VA Russell L. Groves, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Siddarame Gowda, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Barrett R. Gruber, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Elizabeth A. Grabau, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Rebecca Grumet, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Dave M. Graber, SJR Farming, Merced, CA Niklaus Grunwald, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Michelle A. Grabowski, Univ of Minnesota, Andover, MN Arvydas Grybauskas, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD J. Kenneth Grace, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Jun Gu, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Charles T. Graham, Jr., Bayer CropScience, Grenada, MS Walter D. Gubler, Univ of California, Davis, CA James H. Graham, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Robert T. Gudauskas, Auburn, AL Joseph H. Graham, Silver Spring, MD Neil C. Gudmestad, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Karina P. Gramacho, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, Bahia, Lucia Guerin-Dubran, ENITA de Bordeaux, Gradignan, France Brazil Lauri J. Guerra, Prosser, WA Larry F. Grand, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Victor M. Guerrero-Prieto, CIAD, A. C., Cuauhtemoc, Andrew L. Granett, East Windsor, NJ Chihuahua, Mexico Leah L. Granke, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI David I. Guest, Univ of Sydney, University of Sydney, NSW, Richard Grantham, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Australia Eduardo Jose Graterol Matute, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Gabriela Guevara, Univ Nacl De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Plata, Venezuela Argentina Craig R. Grau, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Paul Gugerli, Genolier, Switzerland Clinton H. Graves, Jr., Mississippi Agric Exp Station, Mississippi Beth K. Gugino, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY State, MS Magalie Guilhabert-Goya, Agraquest, Davis, CA Fred A. Gray, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY Cesar Guiogon Lopez, Centro de Investigacion Para Los Recursos, Stewart M. Gray, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY Chihuahua, Mexico Nik Grbavac, Agriquality NZ Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand Anil Gulati, Ghaziabad, U.P., India Arthur S. Greathead, Salinas, CA Anju Gulati-Sakhuja, PhD, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Nigel M. Grech, Visalia, CA Maria Lodovica Gullino, Divapra-Patologia Vegetale, Grugliasco Jacob S. Green, Sakata Seed America Inc, Lehigh Acres, FL Torino, Italy Ralph J. Green, Jr., Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Tashkhan G. Gulyamova, Institute of Microbiology, Tashkent, Jean T. Greenberg, Univ of Chicago, Chicago, IL Uzbekistan

86 Baozhu Guo, USDA ARS CPMRU, Tifton, GA Richard I. Hamilton, Point Roberts, WA Jianhua Guo, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Philip B. Hamm, Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR China Raymond Hammerschmidt, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, Li Guo, Penn State Univ, State College, PA MI Liyun Guo, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of David F. Hammond, ConAgra Foods - Potato Specialty Products, China Kennewick, WA Zejian Guo, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of John Hammond, USDA ARS FNPRU, Beltsville, MD China Rosemarie W. Hammond, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Kavita Gupta, Natl Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden India Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Pushpendra K. Gupta, Meerut Univ, Meerut, India Danny J. Hamon, USDA APHIS PPQ, Sacramento, CA Sanjiv Gupta, Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, Perth, Australia Michael C. Hampson, St John’s, NL, Canada Shyam Lal Gupta, Hisar, India Richard O. Hampton, Payette, ID Vadakattu Gupta, CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia Chenggui Han, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Vivek Gupta, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD China Dina L. Gutierrez, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Kang Han, EAC Consulting Ltd, Seoul, Korea Francisco Javier Gutierrez, Univ of San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Seong-Sook Han, Natl Inst of Agric Science & Tech, RDA, Suwon, Spain Korea Sonia P. Gutierrez, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Yang Han, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jean Guyot, CIRAD, Kourou, CEDEX, France Kaoru Hanada, Natl Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba City, Pablo P. Guzman, Parson Seed Certification Ctr, Davis, CA Japan Kimberly D. Gwinn, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN H. Gary Hancock, FMC Corp, Hamilton, GA Steven R. Gylling, Gylling Data Management Inc, Brookings, SD Joseph G. Hancock, Prospect, KY Youngsil Ha, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Richard T. Hanlin, Univ of Georgia, Bogart, GA Jerry H. Haas, Savyon, Israel Richard K. Hanrahan, Bayer CropScience, Englewood, NJ Steve Haber, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada A. Juergen Hansen, The Green Group, Summerland, BC, Canada Franz Hadacek, Univ of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Everett M. Hansen, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Keisha C. Hadden, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Tifton, GA J. Dean Hansen, Vernal, UT Lee A. Hadwiger, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Mary Ann Hansen, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Denita Hadziabdic, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Linda E. Hanson, USDA ARS, East Lansing, MI Austin K. Hagan, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Stephen F. Hanson, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM William L. Hagan, Castro Valley, CA Beinching Hao, Inst of Crop Genetics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Peoples Silas S. Hagar, Yorktown Heights, NY Rep of China Charles Hagen, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jianjun Hao, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Wafaa Mohamed Haggag, National Research Center, Dokki, Yukio Harada, Hirosaki Univ, Hirosaki-Shi Aomori, Japan Cairo, Egypt Jeremy Haralson, Gainesville, GA William A. Haglund, Peoria, AZ Christel F. Harden, Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC Matthias Hahn, Univ of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany Donald E. Harder, Abbotsford, BC, Canada John-Erich Haight, Univ of Alaska, Madison, WI Michael W. Harding, Innovotech Inc., Brooks, AB, Canada Bernhard Haitz, Durmersheim, Germany John R. Hardison, Corvallis, OR Subhas Hajeri, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Giles E. Hardy, Murdoch Univ, Murdoch Perth, Australia M. R. Hajimorad, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Blair R. Harlan, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Susan E. Halbert, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Gainesville, Gary E. Harman, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY FL Philip F. Harmon, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Noemi O. Halbrendt, Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA Chee H. Harn, Nong Woo Bio Co Ltd, Yeoju, Gyeonggi, South Anne B. Halgren, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Korea Philip M. Halisky, Logan, UT Andrea M. Harness, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Jan L. Hall, Paul Ecke Ranch, Encinitas, CA Tyler L. Harp, Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL Robert Hall, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Scott J. Harper, Univ of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Thomas J. Hall, DCNR, Middletown, PA J. G. Harrar, Scarsdale, NY Scott A. Halley, North Dakota State Univ, Langdon, ND Jerome F. Harrington, IRI Development Corp, Stamford, CT Robert S. Halliwell, Bryan, TX Thomas C. Harrington, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Mark E. Halsey, United Soybean Board, Ballwin, MO Adrian R. Harris, CropLife Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia Dennis A. Halterman, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Leigh Ann Harrison, Virginia Polytechnic Inst, Painter, VA Larry J. Halverson, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Nigel A. Harrison, Univ of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL Jong Hyun Ham, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA John H. Hart, Hartwood Natural Resource, Cheyenne, WY Walid Hamada, INAT, Tunis, Tunisia John P. Hart, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Richard C. Hamelin, NRC Canada Forest Service, Ste-Foy, QC, L. Patrick Hart, Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI Canada Glen L. Hartman, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Jon E. Hamill, PhD, Syngenta Crop Protection, Santa Maria, CA John R. Hartman, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

87 Sierra L. Hartney, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Maria Antonia Henriquez, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, John S. Hartung, USDA ARS FL, Beltsville, MD Canada Tom Haruya Chino, Chino Nojo Inc, Del Mar, CA Jillana Kathryn Henshaw, Syngenta Seeds, Waimea, HI Robert M. Harveson, Univ of Nebraska, Scottsbluff, NE Ryan W. Herche, Univ of California, Davis, CA Siraj Hasan, Montpellier, France Olaf Hering, Biologische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany Shu Hase, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan Dietrich Hermann, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Stein, Mutsuki HASEGAWA, Sakata Seed, Yokohama, Japan Switzerland Janine S. Hasey, Univ of California, Yuba City, CA Arne Hermansen, Bioforsk, Aas, Norway Rizwan Y. Hashmi, Aerobiology Laboratories Associates Inc, Ermita Hernandez, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Atlanta, GA Jose R. Hernandez, USDA APHIS CIAO, Riverdale, MD Taylor B. Hatchett, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Yonis Hernandez, Residencia La Ceiba, Maracay Estado Aragua, Dennis R. Hattermann, Landis International Inc, Valdosta, GA Venezuela James Haudenshield, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL John Fredy Hernandez Nopsa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Linda M. Haugen, USDA FS, St Paul, MN Lincoln, NE Mary K. Hausbeck, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Rufina Hernandez-Martinez, PhD, CICESE, San Ysidro, CA Nagao Hayashi, Natl Inst of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Leonard J. Herr, Wooster, OH Ibaraki, Japan Carmen Milagritos Herrera-Gutierrez, Medical College of Thomas A. Hayden, BASF Corp, Owensboro, KY Georgia, Augusta, GA Robert A. Haygood, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Collierville, TN Sonia Herrero, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jennifer L. Haynes, Univ of California, Davis, CA Stephanie Herring, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Staunton C. Haynes, West Virginia Dept of Agric, Charleston, WV Caroline M. Herron, IITA - Tanzania, Croyden, United Kingdom Chris A. Hayward, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Hersanti Hersanti, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Australia Donald E. Hershman, Univ of Kentucky, Princeton, KY Ann L. Hazelrigg, Univ of Vermont, Burlington, VT Aaron P. Hert, Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL Donna Hazelwood, Dakota State Univ, Madison, SD Kees Hertogh, Nickerson Zwaan BV, Made, Netherlands Chunlin He, Monsanto Co, Huxley, IA Dale E. Hess, Goshen College, Wolf Lake, IN Jie He, PhD, Toledo, OH Nolan J. Hess, Pineville, LA Sheng Yang He, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Paul F. Hessburg, USDA PNW Research Station, Wenatchee, WA Yong-Qiang He, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, Peoples Rep of China Adam L. Heuberger, Madison, WI Michael R. Heacock, Pacific Golf Management K. K., Minato-ku, Scott A. Heuchelin, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Tokyo, Japan Kurt K. Heungens, ILVO, Merelbeke, Belgium Edward R. Heard, Edward Heard Landscape Service, Jefferson, LA Craig R. Hibben, Yorktown Heights, NY Michele C. Heath, Cowichan Bay, BC, Canada Kenneth D. Hickey, Gettysburg, PA Frederick V. Hebard, American Chestnut Foundation, Scott C. Hicks, Bio Research, Fresno, CA Meadowview, VA Zyun Hidaka, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan Prakash K. Hebbar, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Gerbert Hiddink, Enza Zaden BV, Enkhuizen, Netherlands Bryan Hed, Lake Erie Regional Grape Res & Ext Ctr, North East, Ernest Hiebert, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL PA Verna J. Higgins, Toronto, NS, Canada Ginny Heffer, Beaverton, OR Olga Lucia Higuera Acosta, Federacion Nacional de Arroceros, Howard E. Heggestad, Stoughton, WI Villavicencio, Colombia Mary Francis Heimann, Madison, WI Yasufumi Hikichi, Kochi Univ, Nankoku, Japan Ursula Heiniger, Swiss Federal Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Urs W. Hilber, ZHAW, Waedenswil, Switzerland Vic Heintzberger, Paragon Seed Inc, Salinas, CA Donald C. Hildebrand, Sisters, OR Pat Heist, Pikeville College, Pikeville, KY Joseph C. Hildebrand, Conviron, Hendersonville, NC Benjamin Held, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Paul D. Hildebrand, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, John P. Helgeson, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Canada Werner E. Heller, Agroscope FAW, Waedenswil, Switzerland Mark E. Hilf, USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL Emily E. Helliwell, Pennsylvania State Univ, State College, PA Curtis B. Hill, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Katie Helms, Deakin, ACT, Australia John H. Hill, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Charles W. Helpert, Triple H Diversified Services, L.L.C., Shaunta Hill, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Grapevine, TX Travis A. Hill, PhD, BASF Corp, Paso Robles, CA Khushboo Hemnani, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Bradley I. Hillman, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Walter P. Hempfling, PhD, Mechanicsville, VA James W. Hilty, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Donna R. Henderson, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Eugene B. Himelick, Urbana, IL Carol A. Hendrick, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Phyllis T. Himmel, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA J. Walter Hendrix, Pullman, WA Richard B. Hine, Tucson, AZ Yigal Henis, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Ronald A. Hines, Growmark Inc, Belknap, IL Paul E. Hennon, Juneau Forest Service, Juneau, AK Dorothy M. Hinton, USDA ARS TMRU, Athens, GA Beatrice Henricot, Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, United Sigrun Hippe-Sanwald, Univ of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Kingdom Hideya Hirasawa, Yamagata Ken, Japan

88 Kazuyuki Hiratsuka, Yokohama National Univ, Yokohama, Japan J. J. Hood, Exeter, RI Yasuyuki Hiratsuka, Northern Forestry Center, Canadian Forest Gary R. Hooper, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Service, Edmonton, AB, Canada Donald L. Hopkins, Univ of Florida, Apopka, FL Ann M. Hirsch, Univ of California, Los Angeles, CA Peter Horevaj, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Chuji Hiruki, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Mitsuo Horita, Natl Inst for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Raymond E. Hite, Pataskala, OH Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Linda G. Hjeljord, Norwegian Univ of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway Jaroslav Horky, State Phytosanitary Administration, Olomouc, Hon Hing Ho, State Univ of New York, New Paltz, NY Czech Republic Wellcome Wai Hong Ho, MAF Biosecurity New Zealand, Christine M. Horlock, Dept of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Auckland, New Zealand Stanthorpe, QLD, Australia Thang Manh Hoang, Stanfilco, Davao City, Philippines Norman L. Horn, Covington, LA Houston A. Hobbs, Champaign, IL Sigal Horowitz Brown, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Harvey C. Hoch, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Leona Horst, USDA ARS OARDC, Wooster, OH Winand K. Hock, Boalsburg, PA R. Kenneth Horst, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Amanda Coleen Hodges, PhD, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Brandon J. Horvath, VPI & State Univ, Virginia Beach, VA Charles S. Hodges, Jr., Raleigh, NC Diana M. Horvath, Mediant, Evanston, IL Clinton F. Hodges, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Choi Hoseong, Chonnam Natl Univ, Gwangju, South Korea Robert Hoeft, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL L. Douglas Houseworth, Syngenta Crop Protection, Fernandina Richard William Hoenisch, Univ of California, Davis, CA Beach, FL Christine A. Hoepting, Cornell Univ, Albion, NY Azam Houshmand, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Jill A. Hoff, West Virginia Dept of Agric, Charleston, WV Ronald J. Howard, Crop Diversification Centre South, Brooks, Michele T. Hoffman, Tucson, AZ AB, Canada Thomas M. Hoffman, Chemical Abstract Service, Columbus, OH William J. Howie, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Dirk Hoffmeister, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Barbara J. Howlett, Univ of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Ingrid P. Hofma, Le Fresh International, Auckland, New Zealand Jeffrey W. Hoy, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Monica M. Hofte, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium German P. Hoyos, EnviroLogix, Portland, ME Taizo Hogetsu, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan David C. Hsi, Albuquerque, NM Andy Hogg, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Tom Hsiang, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Harry A. Hoitink, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Wen Wei Hsiao, Natl Taiwan Univ, Chu-shan, Nantou, Taiwan Imre Janos Holb, Univ of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Rep of China Gordon E. Holcomb, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Yi-Cheng Hsieh, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Anna M. Holdcroft, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Hei-Ti Hsu, Rockville, MD Catherine Helen Holden, Chemtura Europe Ltd, Evesham, John Hsu, JH Biotech Inc, Ventura, CA Worcestershire, United Kingdom Yau-Heiu Hsu, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of Maria C. Holeva, Agric Univ of Athens, Pefki, Greece China Rodanthi C. Holeva, Univ of Crete, Athens, Greece Baishi Hu, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Ramon Jaime Holguin Pena, Centro De Invest Biologicals Del China Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico Chia-Hui Hu, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Paul Holliday, Rutland Leics, United Kingdom Chung-Chi Hu, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep Clayton A. Hollier, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA of China Charla R. Hollingsworth, Univ of Minnesota, Crookston, MN Hao Hu, PhD, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Frederick, MD Elise C. Hollister, Grand Valley State Univ, Grand Rapids, MI John S. Hu, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Samantha Hollosy, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Jun Hu, Inner Mongolia Agric Univ, Huhhot, Peoples Rep of China Louis J. Holloway, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Shuijin Hu, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Joyce E. Hollowell, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Xiaojun Hu, PSES in University of Idaho, Moscow, ID Gerald J. Holmes, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Xu Hu, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Thomas J. Holt, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Changwei Huang, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Brent A. Holtz, Univ of California Coop Ext, Madera, CA Cheng-Hua Huang, Gainesville, FL Thomas O. Holtzer, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Guozhong Huang, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Oliver V. Holtzmann, Kailua, HI Hung-Chang H. Huang, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eric B. Holub, Univ of Warwick, Wellesbourne, United Kingdom Richmond, BC, Canada Yuichi Honda, Shimane Univ, Matsue, Japan Jianghua Huang, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Eric W. Honeycutt, Bartlett Tree Experts, Charlotte, NC Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China ChengFang Hong, Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Exp Branch, Junbin Huang, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of Fengshan City, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan Rep of China China Chuanxue Hong, VPI & State Univ, Virginia Beach, VA Kun Huang, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Lau Wei Hong, Univ Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Li Huang, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT Ni Hong, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Qi Huang, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Sung Jun Hong, Yeongnam Agric Res Inst, Milyang, Gyeongnam, Tzu-Pi Huang, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Korea Taiwan Rep of China

89 Xiang Huang, Syngenta Biotechnology Inc, Res Triangle Park, NC John C. Inguagiato, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Yong Huang, Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, FL Scott A. Inman, Novozymes Biologicals Inc, Loveland, CO Don M. Huber, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Roger W. Innes, Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN M. Christine Huber, Philadelphia, PA Alice Kazuko Inoue-Nagata, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Daniel Huberli, Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA, Australia Shubha K. Ireland, Xavier Univ of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA Brian D. Hudelson, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Michael S. Irey, US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL George W. Hudler, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Fanny B. Iriarte, USDA ARS USHRL, Vero Beach, FL Laura C. Hudson, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC John A. Irwin, Univ of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Robert A. Hudson, Lititz, PA Australia Ralph Hueckelhoven, Technical Univ of Munich, Freising, Thomas S. Isakeit, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Bavaria, Germany Scott A. Isard, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Robin N. Huettel, Auburn Univ, Auburn Univ, AL Kiyoshi Ishiguro, MAFF/AFFRC, Tsukuba, Japan Fritz Huggenberger, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Hiromichi Ishihara, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Switzerland Hideo Ishii, Natl Inst for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Gareth Hughes, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Ibaraki, Japan Jacqueline d’A Hughes, AVRDC, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep of China Carol A. Ishimaru, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Kelvin J. D. Hughes, Central Science Lab, York, N Yorksmire, Md. Tofazzal Islam, Georg-August-Univ Goettingen, Goettingen, United Kingdom Germany Marc A. Hughes, Gainesville, FL Sayed Z. Islam, Syngenta Seeds, Naples, FL Teresa J. Hughes, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Emir Islamovic, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Scot H. Hulbert, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Herbert W. Israel, Ithaca, NY Roger Hull, Norwich, United Kingdom Noor Istifadah, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia David C. Hulst, Hulst Res Farm Services Inc, Hughson, CA Nalisha Ithnin, Sime Darby Technology Centre, Petaling Jaya, Robert M. Hunger, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Selangor, Malaysia Richard S. Hunt, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Canada Ronald L. Itnyre, Illinois Foundation Seeds Inc, Arcanum, OH James E. Hunter, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Shin-Ichi Ito, Yamaguchi Univ, Yamaguchi, Japan Kristine L. Hunter, BAAR Scientific LLC, Seneca Alls, NY Mariana Ittu, Res Inst Cereals & Ind Crops, Bucharest, Romania Michael M. Hunter, CropAdvisory.Com, Ripley, ON, Canada Milan Ivanovic, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Oscar Pietro Hurtado-Gonzales, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, Kelly L. Ivors, North Carolina State Univ, Fletcher, NC TN Hisashi Iwai, Kagoshima Univ, Kagoshima-shi, Japan Suzanne S. Hurtt, Clarksville, MD Toru T. Iwanami, Natl Inst of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Richard S. Hussey, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Ibaraki, Japan Dave G. Hutton, Kingston, Jamaica K. Izadpanah, Shiraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran Tung Huynh Thanh, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Allison L. H. Jack, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Byung Kook Hwang, Korea Univ, Sungbukku, Seoul, South Andrew O. Jackson, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Korea Kimberly Jackson, Athens, GA Ingyu Hwang, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, Korea Lee E. Jackson, Layton, UT Jaesoon Hwang, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Lee F. Jackson, Univ of California, Davis, CA Mitsuro Hyakumachi, Gifu Univ, Gifu, Japan Tamra A. Jackson, Univ of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Naveen Hyder, Univ of California, Riverside, CA James C. Jacobi, Alabama Coop Ext Svc, Birmingham, AL Kho Hye Kyoung, Kookmin Univ, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea William R. Jacobi, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Aimee Sheer Hyten, APHIS, Riverdale, MD James J. Jacobs, Woodbury, MN Jae-Wook Hyun, Natl Jeju Agric Experiment Station, Namcheju, Janette L. Jacobs, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Jeju-Do, South Korea Jonathan M. Jacobs, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Juliano H. Ibarra, Miami, FL Barry J. Jacobsen, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Ali M. Idris, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Brent Jacobson, Cheminova Inc, Tifton, GA Michele M. Igo, Univ of California, Davis, CA Uhm Jae Youl, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea Masato Ikegami, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan Shamarao Jahagirdar, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Nipani, Constantin I. Iliescu, Res Development Inst for Plant Protection, Karnataka, India Bucharest, Romania Courtney E. Jahn, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Iori Imazaki, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan Ramon Jaime-Garcia, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Ann E. Impullitti, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Jaya Jain, New Delhi, India Tadaoki Inaba, Natl Agricultural Research Organization, Ibaraki, Rashmi Jain, Ghaziabad, UP, India Japan Katrin Jakob, Mendel Biotechnology, Hayward, CA Kimiharu Inagaki, Meijo Univ, Tenpaku, Nagoya, Japan Delano James, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Patrik Inderbitzin, Univ of California, Davis, CA Canada Russell E. Ingham, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR R. Vaughan James, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Debra A. Inglis, Washington State Univ, Mount Vernon, WA Randall F. James, Manhattan, KS David M. Ingram, Central MS Res & Ext Center, Raymond, MS Robert L. James, Vancouver, WA Jason T. Ingram, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA

90 Fuh-Jyh Jan, PhD, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Xixuan Jin, USDA ARS MSA, Stoneville, MS Rep of China Xuehui Jin, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation Univ, Wojciech J. Janisiewicz, USDA ARS AFRS, Kearneysville, WV Daqing, Peoples Rep of China Shelley H. Jansky, USDA ARS, Madison, WI Yimin Jin, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Alex Janssen, Meteor Ltda, Montevideo, Uruguay Yue Jin, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Juan Jaraba, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Lan Jing, Inner Mongolia Agric Univ, Huhhot, Peoples Rep of Douglas J. Jardine, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS China Stefan T. Jaronski, USDA ARS NPARL, Sidney, MT Jennifer C. Jirak, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Andrew M. Jarosz, Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI Young-Ki Jo, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Sridhar Jarugula, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Charlene Jochum, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE William R. Jarvis, Agriculture Canada, Amherstburg, ON, Anna Joe, Lincoln, NE Canada Alba E. Jofre-Garfias, Cinvestav-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Yorman Gregorio Jayaro, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Mexico Venezuela Sudisha Jogaiah, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, India Notteghem J.L. Jean Loup, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, Guri S. Johal, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN France George A. Johannessen, Danville, CA Thirumalachar M. Jeersannidhi, Jeersannidhi Anderson Inst, Ida E. Johansen, Biotechnology Group, Frederiksberg, Denmark Edina, MN Charles S. Johnson, VPI & State Univ, Blackstone, VA Daniel P. Jeffers, Dow AgroSciences de Mexico, Zapopan Jal., David A. Johnson, Missouri Dept of Agric Plant Ind, Jefferson Mexico City, MO Steven N. Jeffers, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Dennis A. Johnson, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Michael J. Jeger, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom Evan G. Johnson, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Wilhelm Jelkmann, Julius Kuehn Institute, Dossenheim, Germany Herbert G. Johnson, Spring Park, MN Jody Jellison, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Iruthayasamy Johnson, Chungbuk National Univ, Cheongju, Daniel Jenkins, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI South Korea Larry Jensen, Helena Chemical Co, Mesquite, NV Kenneth B. Johnson, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Stanley G. Jensen, USDA ARS Retired, Lincoln, NE Leander F. Johnson, Knoxville, TN Kyusik Jeong, PhD, Cheongju, South Korea Michael H. Johnson, El Centro, CA Rae-Dong Jeong, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Randall R. Johnson, Sakata Seed America Inc, Lehigh Acres, FL Joseph Robert Jertberg, Univ of California, Davis, CA Steven B. Johnson, Univ of Maine Coop Ext, Presque Isle, ME Gayle Jesperson, BC Ministry of Agric & Food, Kelowna, BC, Mareike R. Johnston, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Canada Robert H. Johnston, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Wilfred R. Jester, North Carolina State Univ, Kinston, NC David L. Joly, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada Kanchalee Jetiyanon, Naresuan Univ, Phitsanulok, Thailand Alan L. Jones, East Lansing, MI Charlene M. Jewell, FMC Technologies Inc, Riverside, CA Allison Jones, Natl Alliance of Ind Crop Consultants, Collierville, Fred F. Jewell, Sr., Ruston, LA TN Chun Yan Ji, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of Carl J. Jones, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN China Coy W. Jones, Cardinal/Triangle Chemical, Fuquay Varina, NC Pingsheng Ji, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Dawna D. Jones, Laurel, MD Haiyan Jia, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Jeffrey B. Jones, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Yulin Jia, USDA ARS DBNRRC, Stuttgart, AR John P. Jones, Little Rock, AR Heng Jian, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Margaret J. Jones, USDA APHIS BRS, Riverdale, MD Daohong Jiang, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of Richard W. Jones, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD China Roger A. C. Jones, Western Australia Dept of Agric, Perth, Guo-Liang Jiang, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Australia Jiping Jiang, Redi Plants Corp, Estero, FL Roger K. Jones, St Paul, MN Shijun Jiang, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep Suzanne Joan Jones, Univ of Tasmania, Burnie, Australia of China Franciscus F. Jongeleen, SVS Holland BV, Enkhuizen, Zide Jiang, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of Netherlands China Gilda Jonson, Honam Agric Res Inst NICS RDA, Iksan City, Mohamed Haissam Jijakli, Fac Sciences Agronomique, Gembloux, Korea Belgium Carl E. Joplin, Bayer CropScience, Sanger, CA Manuel Jimenez, Exeter, CA Concepcion Jorda Gutierrez, Univ Politecnica de Valencia, Pedro Jimenez, Univ Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia Valencia, Spain Maria Isabel Jimenez Feijoo, CTT-ESPOL RUC, Guayaquil, Katerina S. Jordan, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Ecuador Ramon L. Jordan, USDA ARS USNA FNPRU, Beltsville, MD Rafael M. Jimenez-Diaz, CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Stephen A. Jordan, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Maria Del Mar Jimenez-Gasco, Pennsylvania State Univ, Gary Jorgensen, Pacific Agronomics Inc, Fresno, CA University Park, PA Bharat D. Joshi, Stillwater, OK Hailing Jin, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Madan M. Joshi, Wilmington, DE

91 Ann E. Joy, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Takeshi Kanto, Technology Ctr Agric Forestry & Fisheries, Kasai Miguel Juarez Gomez, Univ Miguel Hernandez, Orihuela, Hyogo, Japan Alicante, Spain Apostolos Kapsalis, TEI of Larissa, Pili, Greece Howard S. Judelson, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Brijesh Karakkat, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Yao Jui-Chen, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep George S. Karaoglanidis, Arisotelian Univ of Thessaloniki, of China Thessaloniki, Greece Peng Jui-Chu, Jr., TNDAIS COA, Tainan, Taiwan Rep of China Alexander V. Karasev, Univ of Idaho, Moscow, ID Geunhwa Jung, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA George M. Kariuki, Kenya Agric Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya Joel Jurgens, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Harry P. Karle, Fresno, CA Wayne M. Jurick, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Petr Karlovsky, Inst of Plant Pathology, Goettingen, Germany Vatren Jurin, Brandt Consolidated Inc, Springfield, IL Maruthachalam Karunakaran, PhD, Univ of California, Jennifer Juzwik, USDA FS, St Paul, MN Salinas, CA Eileen A. Kabelka, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Hanns-Heinz Kassemeyer, Staatliches Weinbauinstitut, Freiburg, Pradeep Kachroo, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Germany Karen E. Kackley-Dutt, Kutztown Univ, Kutztown, PA Matthew T. Kasson, The Pennsylvania State Univ, University Kazi A. Kader, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Park, PA Clarence I. Kado, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jaacov Katan, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Isabelle Kagan, Lexington, KY Melanie L. Katawczik, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Koji Kageyama, Gifu Univ, Gifu, Japan Katsumi Katayama, Vientiane, Laos Robert P. Kahn, Rockville, MD Palak Kathiria, Univ of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada John M. Kainski, Menomonie, WI Hajime Kato, Kobe, Japan Gilbert Kairu, Coffee Research Foundation, Ruiru, Kenya Masayasu Kato, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Albert G. Kais, Biloxi, MS Japan Roger P. Kaiser, Valent BioSciences Corp, Libertyville, IL Harold W. Kaufman, Shallowater, TX Walter J. Kaiser, Retired from USDA-ARS, Boise, ID Gurubandana Kaur, New Delhi, India Anparasy Kajamuhan, Univ of Reading, Reading, United Parminderjit Kaur, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Kingdom Ramneek Kaur, New Delhi, India Vesna Kajic, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Zagreb, Nat N. V. Kav, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Croatia Thomas Kavanagh, Kinsealy Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland Toshihiro Kajiwara, Chiba-ken, Japan Sharon Marjorie Kavanaugh, EuroAmerican Propagators, Anna Kalinina, Agric and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Bonsall, CA Canada Akira Kawaguchi, Okayama Prefectural General Agric Ctr, Melanie Kalischuk, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Akaiwa, Japan Canada Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Kathie E. Kalmowitz, PhD, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Hitoshi Kawamata, Plant Biotechnology Inst, Ibaraki, Japan Isgouhi Kaloshian, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Shinji Kawano, Okinawa, Japan Sophia Kamenidou, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Lawrence Kawchuk, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, John E. Kaminski, III, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Canada Lewis K. Kamiri, Minnetonka, MN Amanda C. Kaye, Raleigh, NC Steven J. Kammerer, Syngenta, St Augustine, FL Ilyas Kazi, Miami, FL Sophien Kamoun, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom Harold E. Kazmaier, Mansfield, MA Kuang Huei Kan, Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan Rep of China Pam J. Kazmierczak, Univ of California, Davis, CA Zahi Kanaan-Atallah, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Philip J. Keane, La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, VIC, Australia Alan Kanaskie, Oregon Dept of Forestry, Salem, OR Holly S. J. Kearns, Post Falls, ID Randall T. Kane, Chicago District Golf Assoc, Lemont, IL David H. Keating, Loyola Univ of Chicago, Maywood, IL Seiji Kanematsu, Natl Agric Research Ctr - Tohoku Region, Bob L. Keeling, Greenville, MS Morioka, Japan Renee J. Keese, Syngenta Crop Protection, Carmel, IN Wendy Kaneshiro, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Anthony P. Keinath, Clemson Univ, Charleston, SC Loukas Kanetis, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Felicity J. Keiper, SARDI, Adelaide, SA, Australia Hee-Wan Kang, PhD, Hankyong Natl Univ, Ansung, South Korea Lisa M. Keith, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI Hong-Gu Kang, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY Stephen R. Keith, Alltech Research & Development, Sparta, IL In-Suk Kang, Will Communication, Seoul, South Korea Segenet Kelemu, Intl Livestock Research Inst, Nairobi, Kenya Kyu Young Kang, Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea Beat Keller, Univ of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Seogchan Kang, Penn State Univ, Univ Park, PA Karen E. Keller, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Yue-Gyu Kang, KT&G Central Research Inst, Suwon, South Korea Nancy Jane P. Keller, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Zhensheng Kang, Northwest A&F Univ, Yangling, Shaanxi Prov, Walter D. Kelley, Auburn, AL Peoples Rep of China Stephen P. Kelly, Agrimar Corp, Lilliwaup, WA Ravi S. Kankanallu, PhD, Mahyco Research Center, Jalna, Arthur Kelman, Fort Lee, NJ Maharashira, India Frank Kelsey, Highland Fresh Technologies, Grand Junction, CO Cynthia L. Kanner, Darby, MT

92 Gert H. J. Kema, Plant Research International, Wageningen, Jeong Yeon Kim, Univan, Seoul, South Korea Netherlands Jin-Won Kim, Univ of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea Robert C. Kemerait, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Jong Heon Kim, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Gregory M. Kemmitt, Dow AgroSciences, Abigndon, Oxon, Jung-Mi Kim, PhD, Chonbuk National Univ, Jeonju Chonbuk, United Kingdom Korea Shawn C. Kenaley, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Ki Deok Kim, Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea David F. Kendra, USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL Mee-Sook Kim, USDA Forest Service - RMRS, Moscow, ID Edgar L. Kendrick, Tucson, AZ Seong Hwan Kim, Pennsylvania Dept of Agric, Harrisburg, PA Charles M. Kenerley, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Seung-Hoon Kim, Cheonnam, Seoul, South Korea Mallikarjun Kenganal, Univ of Agric Sciences, Dharwad, Soon-Kwon Kim, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea Karnataka, India Soonok Kim, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Brenda S. Kennedy, Univ of Kentucky, Princeton, KY Sujin Kim, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA George G. Kennedy, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Won-Sik Kim, Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON, Canada Megan Marie Kennelly, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Yong-ki Kim, PhD, Washington State Univ, Wenatchee, WA Robert G. Kenneth, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Young Ho Kim, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, Korea Donald S. Kenney, Painted Flower Farm Inc, Denton, TX Young-Cheol Kim, Chonnam National Univ, Gwangju, South Michael J. Kenney, USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD Korea Charlotte C. Kenning, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Yumee Kim, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA George C. Kent, Ithaca, NY Kenneth A. Kimble, Davis, CA Lawrence Kenyon, Rainham, Kent, United Kingdom Makoto Kimura, Riken DRI, Saitama, Japan Manjunath L. Keremane, USDA ARS - Citrus Germplasm Gary R. Kinard, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Repository, Riverside, CA Graydon C. Kingsland, Clemson, SC Jeffrey Kern, Penn State Univ, Philadelphia, PA Mark T. Kingsley, Savannah River Natl Laboratory, Aiken, SC James Patrick Kerns, Apex, NC Charles H. Kingsolver, Braddock Heights, MD Allen Kerr, Waite Agric Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia Linda L. Kinkel, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Julia L. Kerrigan, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr., USDA Forest Service, Berkeley, CA Johan A. Kers, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA John G. Kinsey, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Pawan Kesera, Scientific Reviews, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Kasia M. Kinzer, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Geert Kessel, Plant Research International, Wageningen, Ezekiel Kiprop, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Netherlands Kiyoshi Kiriyama, Kanagawa-Ken, Japan Abeer A. Khalaf, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL M. B. Kirkham, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Aftab Khan, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Bruce C. Kirkpatrick, Univ of California, Davis, CA Mohamed F. R. Khan, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Terrence L. Kirkpatrick, Univ of Arkansas, Hope, AR Mohamed S. Khan, Silver Spring, MD Levente Kiss, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Zakaullah Khan, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, Korea Harold Corby Kistler, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Sushant N Khandekar, Univ of Toledo, Toledo, OH Nobuhiro Kita, Hadano Kanagawa, Japan Chang Hyun Khang, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Elliot W. Kitajima, Univ Sao Paulo ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Ravjit Khangura, Dept of Agriculture & Food, Bently, WA, Brazil Australia Leilani Kitz, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Prem D. Kharbanda, Alberta Research Council Library, Vegreville, Richard K. Kiyomoto, Ashford, CT AB, Canada Michael C. Klapproth, DuPont Agricultural Products, Newark, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli, III, Natl Integrated Pest DE Management (IPM), Hyderabad, SA, Pakistan Ferdinand Klas, Paramaribo, Surinam Eli Khayat, Rahan Meristem, Hanikra, Israel Nathan M. Kleczewski, Columbus, OH Ravinder Kumar Khetardal, Natl Bureau of Plant Genetic Daniel F. Klessig, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY Resources, New Delhi, India John T. Kliejunas, Concord, CA Sanabar M. Khodjibaeva, Institute of Microbiology, Tashkent, Troy D. Klingaman, Mahomet, IL Uzbekistan John M. Klisiewicz, Davis, CA Jespal Khurana, Faridabad, Haryana, India Joseph W. Kloepper, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Richard L. Kiesling, Gainesville, FL Ned B. Klopfenstein, USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID Sebastian Kiewnick, Agroscope ACW, Waedenswil, Switzerland Michael J. Klopmeyer, Ball Horticultural Co, West Chicago, IL Eloise M. Killgore, Dept of Agric, Honolulu, HI Frederik J. Kloppers, Pannar Seed Pty Ltd, Greytown, Rep of Nabil Abd Elmoneim Killiny, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA South Africa R. A. Kilpatrick, Jacksonville, FL Steven J. Klosterman, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Byung-Soo Kim, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea Daniel A. Kluepfel, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Dae-Hyuk Kim, Chonbuk National Univ, Chonbuk, South Korea Ray Knake, Gustafson LLC, Johnston, IA Heung Tae Kim, Chungbuk National Univ, Chungbuk, South James F. Knauss, Longwood, FL Korea Leon R. Kneebone, State College, PA Hun Kim, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Caleb Knepper, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Hye-Sook Kim, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI John E. Knesek, Texas Womans Univ, Denton, TX

93 Tatjana Knezevic, Univ of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Fed Rep of Chandrasekar S. Kousik, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Yugoslavia Kyle B. Kouterick, Lancaster Bible College, Lancaster, PA Noel L. Knight, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Marion H. Kovach, Livonia, MI QLD, Australia Olugbenga Koyaolu-Salami, Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Angie Knips, LSA Associates Inc, Irvine, CA Service, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria Colleen Knoth, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Lee A. Kozsey, Syngenta, Bethlehem, PA Elizabeth A. Knott Vavricka, Idaho Dept of Agric, Boise, ID Reiner Kraemer, Julius Kuehn Inst, Quedlinburg, Germany Ted R. Knous, Univ of Kansas Medical Ctr, Kansas City, KS John M. Kraft, Tucson, AZ Guy R. Knudsen, Univ of Idaho, Moscow, ID Juergen F. Kranz, Giessen, Germany Mann P. Ko, Hawaii State Dept of Agriculure, Honolulu, HI Conrad J. Krass, Vacaville, CA Wen-Hsiung Ko, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Charles R. Krause, USDA ARS ATRU, Wooster, OH Taiwan Rep of China Diane Krause, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Donald Y. Kobayashi, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Matthew S. Krause, Herentals, Belgium Takashi Kobayashi, Tohoku Natl Agric Exp Station, Morioka Raymond A. Krause, Crop Consultants Inc, Colusa, CA Iwate, Japan Ulrike Krauss, CABI CLARC, Curepe, Trinidad Paul L. Koch, Univ of Wisconsin, Verona, WI Joseph P. Krausz, Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC Jessica M. Koczan, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Hermann-Josef Krauthausen, Dittelsheim-Hessloch, Germany Umesh C. Kodira, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, Harry Kreeft, Western Laboratories, Parma, ID CA John C. Krenetsky, Metro State College, Arvada, CO Joel Koech, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Alissa B. Kriss, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Wolfram D. Koeller, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Goings Ann Kristina, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE John L. Koenig, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Gary T. Kristjansson, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Stephen R. Koenning, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC ON, Canada Harrie Koenraadt, Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, Netherlands Ivana Krizanac, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Hiroki Koganezawa, Kaneko Seeds Co Ltd, Isesaki, Gunma, Japan Zagreb, Croatia Karl-Heinz Kogel, Univ of Giessen, Giessen, Germany Thomas K. Kroll, Nufarm Americas, Inc., Hudson, WI Lisa M. Kohl, North Carolina State Univ, Clayton, NC Kathryn W. Kromroy, Minnesota Dept of Agriculture, St Paul, Clint L. Kohls, Plant Pest Authority, Willow Grove, PA MN Paul D. Kohnen, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL Roberto Kron Morelli, Agrifutur, Alfianello, Italy Hideo Koike, Houma, LA Bradley R. Kropp, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Steven T. Koike, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Robert R. Krueger, USDA ARS, Riverside, CA Tammy Kolander, Lauderdale, MN Thomas H. Kruk, Desert Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ Fred Kolb, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Joseph M. Krupinsky, USDA ARS, Mandan, ND James A. Kolmer, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Larysa Kryuchkova, Inst of Plant Physiology & Genetics, Kyiv, Michael V. Kolomiets, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Ukraine Tsutomu Komatsu, Hokkaido Prefectural Ornamental, Hokkaido, Ta-Li Kuan, Yulee Seed Co, Saratoga, CA Japan Ryo Kubota, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Thor Kommedahl, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Joseph Kuc, Torrance, CA Norio Kondo, Hokkaido Univ, Kita-Ku Sapporo, Japan Thomas A. Kucharek, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Daouda Kone, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Giorgi Kuchukhidze, Garden Grove, CA Hyesuk Kong, FDA CBER LMD, Rockville, MD E. George Kuhlman, Athens, GA Ling’an Kong, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Paul J. Kuhn, Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL China Gretchen Kuldau, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Ping Kong, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA Martin M. Kulik, Bethesda, MD Demetrios G. Kontaxis, Concord, CA P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria Mariola B. Kopcinski, Valent USA Corp, Libertyville, IL Satyendra Kumar, New Delhi, India Inna Korniichuk, Inst of Cell Biology & Genetic Engineering, Ram Kumar Gupta, New Delhi, India Kyiv, Ukraine Sushil Kumar Jain, Delhi, India Nadia S. Korolev, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Sridhara G. Kunjeti, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Lise Korsten, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Africa Suresh R. Kunkalikar, Mahyco Life Science Research Center, Yoshitaka Kosaka, Kameoka, Kyoto, Japan Jalna, Maharashtra, India Nuttima Kositcharoenkul, Plant Pathology Research Group, Hitoshi Kunoh, Akatsuka Garden Co Ltd, Tsu, Japan Bangkok, Thailand Madhurababu Kunta, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Wichai Kositratana, Kasetsart Univ, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand James E. Kuntz, Madison, WI Ronda D. Conner Koski, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO James E. Kurle, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Kathleen L. Kosta, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, Arlene K. Kurokawa, Bayer CropScience, Fresno, CA CA Chester J. Kurowski, Harris Moran Seed Co, Davis, CA Stanley J. Kostka, Jr., Aquatrols Corp, Paulsboro, NJ Alan Kurtz, Arysta LifeScience North America, Plymouth, IN James B. Kotcon, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Motoaki Kusaba, Saga Univ, Saga, Japan Ronald T. Kothera, ArborGen, Summerville, SC Mustafa Kusek, Univ of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey

94 Ajjamada C. Kushalappa, McGill Univ, SteAnneDeBellevue, QC, Francisco F. Laranjeira, EMBRAPA Mandioca & Fruticultura, Canada Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil Richard Kutin, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Robert P. Larkin, USDA ARS, Orono, ME Joe Kuznia, Syngenta Crop Protection, Stanton, MN Harold J. Larsen, Colorado State Univ, Grand Junction, CO Rita A. Kuznia, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Stanton, MN Richard C. Larsen, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Youn-Sig Kwak, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Robert T. Lartey, USDA ARS, Sidney, MT Jin-Hyeuk Kwon, Kyongsangnam Do Agric Res & Ext Ctr, Chinju Ramon Lastra, Caracas, Venezuela City, South Korea Richard Latin, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Panayota E. Kyriakopoulou, Amaroussion, Greece Bernardo A. Latorre, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, John M. Labavitch, Univ of California, Davis, CA Santiago, Chile George H. Lacy, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA John A. Laurence, USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR Melvyn L. Lacy, Broken Arrow, OK Thomas H. Laurent, Douglas, AK Franklin F. Laemmlen, Univ of California, Santa Maria, CA Dennis A. Lawn, United Genetics Seeds, Hollister, CA Gaston Laflamme, Canadian Forest Service, Quebec, QC, Canada Kathy S. Lawrence, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Joseph H. LaForest, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Roger H. Lawson, Columbia, MD Mariana Laginova, Central Lab of Plant Quarantine, Sofia, Ana Laxalt, Univ of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Bulgaria Hualien Lay, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Anastasia L. Lagopodi, Aristotelian Univ, Thessaloniki, Greece Taina Lay, Taipei, AP, Taiwan Rep of China Kelly Lagor, Univ of California, la Jolla, CA Christine N. Layton, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Margit Laimer, Univ of Vienna, Vienna, Austria George Lazarovits, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Mark D. Laing, Univ of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Rep of South Canada Africa Gerard R. Lazo, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Dilip Kumar Lakshman, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Luis Lazo-Anaya, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Bay, AR Norman Lalancette, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ Mi Ha Le, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Lakhdar Lamari, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada H. F. Le Roux, Citrus Research Intl, Mpumalanga, Rep of South Lorenzo Lamattina, Univ of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Africa Argentina Charles M. Leach, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Robert C. Lambe, Lambes Consulting, Port Ludlow, WA Jan E. Leach, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO David H. Lambert, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Megan Leach, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Fran Lambert, Mariposa Tree Service, Rancho Santa Fe, CA Andy Leadbeater, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Susan Jennifer Lambert, Univ of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Switzerland Australia Gregorio Leandro, Dole Fresh Fruit Intl, San Jose, Costa Rica Jana S. Lamboy, Finger Lakes Community College, Canandaigua, Leonor F. S. Leandro, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA NY Kenneth T. Leath, Boalsburg, PA H. Arthur Lamey, Fargo, ND Steven Leath, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Gregory L. Lamka, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA George M. Leavitt, Madera, CA James A. LaMondia, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, Windsor, CT Curt Leben, Wooster, OH Kurt H. Lamour, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Jared LeBoldus, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Robin S. Lamppa, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Herve L. Lecoq, INRA, Montfavet, France Sandra C. Lamprecht, Plant Protection Research Inst, Chun-Yi Lee, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep Stellenbosch, Rep of South Africa of China Zhiwen Lan, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Oxnard, CA Donghyuk Lee, Natl Horticulture Research Inst, Gyeongbuk, Blanca B. Landa Del Castillo, Univ of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Korea Max A. Landes, BASF Corp, Dinuba, CA Du-Hyung Lee, Univ of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea Wm. Ronald Landis, Landis International Inc, Valdosta, GA Fleet N. Lee, PhD, Univ of Arkansas, Stuttgart, AR Peter J. Landschoot, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Hee-Kyung Lee, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Jillian M. Lang, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO JangHoon Lee, Chonnam Natl Univ, Gwangju, South Korea Holly W. Lange, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Joon Tak Lee, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea Ralph M. Lange, Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, AB, Key Woon Lee, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea Canada Kwangwon Lee, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Marie A. Langham, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Richard F. Lee, USDA ARS, Riverside, CA David B. Langston, Jr., Tifton, GA Sangwon Lee, Univ of California, Davis, CA Richard Lankow, ALK Abello, Round Rock, TX Seong-Hee Lee, USDA ARS Natl Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, Christian Lannou, INRA, Thiverval Grignon, France AR William S. Lanterman, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, Seon-Woo Lee, Dong-A Univ, Busan, Korea BC, Canada Seweon Lee, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Mario Lanthier, CropHealth Advising & Research, Kelowna, BC, Soon-Gu Lee, Andong Natl Univ, An-dong Kyong-Buk, South Canada Korea Carrie Lapaire Harmon, Univ of Florida SPDN, Gainesville, FL Steven A. Lee, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Moshe Lapidot, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Young Ran Lee, Inchon, Yenn Soo Gu, South Korea

95 Yung-An Lee, Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Hsin-Chuang, Taipei, Taiwan Hongye Li, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou Zhejiang, Peoples Rep of Rep of China China Nancy K. Leffler, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Hua Li, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Daniel E. Legard, California Strawberry Commission, Watsonville, Huaifang Li, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of CA China Mary E. Leggett, Novozymes BioAg, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Huaping Li, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of Andrzej B. Legocki, Inst of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznan, Poland China Jeffrey S. Lehman, Otterbein College, Westerville, OH Jian-Gang Li, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Kirsi M. Lehto, Univ of Turku, Turku, Finland China Carlo Leifert, Univ of Newcastle, Stocksfield, United Kingdom Jianqiang Li, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Gabriele M. E. Leinhos, DLR-Rheinpfalz, Schifferstadt, Germany China Ted D. Leininger, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS JiaRui Li, Manhattan, KS Scott M. Leisner, Univ of Toledo, Toledo, OH Jie Li, Univ of Toledo, Toledo, OH Philippe Lemanceau, MSE INRA, Dijon, CEDEX, France Jinyun Li, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Harold W. Lembright, Millbrae, CA Mingfu LI, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Mary T. Lemere, Kettle Foods Inc, Beloit, WI Peoples Rep of China Valacia Lemes Da Silva Lobo, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Ruhui Li, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Antonio De Goiania, GO, Brazil Shidong Li, Chinese Academy of Agric Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Sergio L. Lenardon, INTA, Cordoba, Argentina Rep of China Yueqiang Leng, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Shuxian Li, USDA ARS CGPRU, Stoneville, MS Chris Leon, Isagro, Madison, MS Xiangdong Li, Shandong Agricultural Univ, Taian, Shandong, Kurt J. Leonard, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Peoples Rep of China Amelie Lepage, Synagri, L’Assomption, QC, Canada Xiangqian Li, Univ of California At San Diego, La Jolla, CA Joe E. Lepo, Univ of West Florida, Pensacola, FL Xingzong Li, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Udomsak Lertsuchatavanich, Kasetsart Univ, Jatujak, Bangkok, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Thailand Xun Li, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA John F. Leslie, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Yonghao Li, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Kimberley Lesniak, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Yunfeng Li, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of Duane J. LeTourneau, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID China Lii S. Leu, Taiwan Ag Chem Toxic Subs Inst, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep Huihong Liao, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA of China Hui-Ling Liao, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL C. Andre Levesque, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Kelly Liberator, BASF, Cary, NC Canada Daniele Liberti, PhD, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, Laurene Levy, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST NPGBL, Beltsville, Canada MD Margarita F. Licha, USDA APHIS PPQ, Laurel, MD Monica M. Lewandowski, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Ann E. Lichens-Park, USDA CREES CP, Washington, DC Sharon M. Lewandowski, Hastings, MN Craig M. Liddell, Amulet Pharmaceuticals In, Mclean, VA Robert T. Lewellen, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Merion M. Liebenberg, ARC - Grain Crops Inst, Potchefstroom, Kimberly S. Lewers, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Rep of South Africa Katherine JoAn Lewis, Univ of Northern British Columbia, James Andrew Liebman, El Cerrito, CA Prince George, BC, Canada Lia Liefting, Ministry of Agric and Forestry, Auckland, New Wendy A. Lewis, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Zealand Melanie Lewis Ivey, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Bart Lievens, Scientia Terrae Research Inst, Sint-katelijne-waver, Gregory A. Leyes, ISK Biosciences Corp, Concord, OH Belgium Norma Elena Leyva-Lopez, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Fritz Light, San Luis Obispo, CA Mexico Erland Liljeroth, Swedish Univ of Agric Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Bo Li, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Sung M. Lim, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Chunying Li, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC J. Albersio A. Lima, University of Ceará, Fortaleza, DE, Brazil Cunyu Li, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Chan-Pin Lin, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Dawei Li, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Ching-Yi Lin, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep of De-Wei Li, PhD, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, Windsor, CT China Guoqing Li, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples Rep of Fei Lin, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China China Haiyan Li, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation Univ, Fu-Cheng Lin, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Daqing, Peoples Rep of China Hong Lin, USDA ARS PWA, Parlier, CA Haiyan Li, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Liang-Shiou Lin, USDA CSREES CP, Washington, DC Honglian Li, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep Ming-Tien Lin, Formosa Plastics Corp Texas, La Ward, TX of China Hongxia Li, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Ruiming Lin, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China China

96 John A. Lindbo, PhD, Univ of California, Davis, CA Zhaohui Liu, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND David C. Linde, BHN Research, Immokalee, FL Zhenyu Liu, Madison, WI Magdalen Lindeberg, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Sam Livingston, Univ of California, Davis, CA Robert G. Linderman, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR William H. Livingston, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Rico Linders, Syngenta Seeds, Enkhuizen, Netherlands Erin M. Lizotte, Michigan State Univ, Lake Leelanau, MI Daniel L. Lindner, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI Raixa Elena Llauger Riveron, Inst De Invest En Fruticultura Steven E. Lindow, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Tropical, La Havana, Cuba Richard K. Lindquist, OHP Inc, Bozeman, MT Chaur-Tsuen Lo, Natl Formosa Univ, Yunlin, Taiwan Rep of Donald L. Lindsey, Las Cruces, NM China Michael L. Lindsey, Global Organics LLC, Goodyear, AZ Warner Lo, Hunghom Kowloon, Hong Kong Roland F. Line, Pullman, WA Beth A. Loberant, Arava Hoodia Growers, Naharia, Israel Kai-shu Ling, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Murillo Lobo, Jr., EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Antonio De Lee Ling, Los Altos, CA Goiania, GO, Brazil Wang Ling, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples James C. Locke, USDA ARS ATRU, Toledo, OH Rep of China Ben E. Lockhart, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Ruey-Fen Liou, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Chesley L. Lockhart, Kentville, NS, Canada Christopher R. Little, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS John L. Lockwood, Okemos, MI Elizabeth L. Little, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Gad Loebenstein, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Larry J. Littlefield, Albuquerque, NM Loretta S. Loesch-Fries, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Airong Liu, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Renate Loewe, Loewe Biochemica GmbH, Sauerlach, Germany Bo Liu, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC William Logan, Urban Arborists, Brooklyn, NY Chien-Hui Liu, Known-You Seed Co Ltd, Pingtung, Taiwan Rep Charles E. Logsdon, Palmer, AK of China Steven A. Lommel, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Dongfeng Liu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of David H. Long, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC China David L. Long, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Feng Liu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Elizabeth A. Long, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Fengquan Liu, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep Juying Long, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of of China China Guangjie Liu, USDA ARS DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Robert P. Long, USDA FS, Delaware, OH Guokun Liu, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Sara J. Long, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Guosheng Liu, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Joyce E. Loper, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Canada Carlos Adrian Lopera, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Hongxia Liu, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Carlos A. Lopes, EMBRAPA Hortalicas, Brasilia, DF, Brazil China Joao Lopes, Univ of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Hsing-Yeh Liu, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Ana Liza Lopez, Jose Rizal Memorial State College, Zamboanga Jean Q. Liu, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA del Norte, Philippines Jianhua Liu, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Antonio A. Lopez, Syngenta Agro S.A., Madrid, Spain Peoples Rep of China Jose A. Lopez, Marketing Arm Intl Inc, Port Charlotte, FL Jinggao Liu, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX Maria M. Lopez, IVIA - Inst Valenciano De Invest Agrarias, Jingyu Liu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Moncada, Valencia, Spain China Carlos J. Lopez-Herrera, Inst De Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Kaiqi Liu, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Cordoba, Spain Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Melina Lopez-Meyer, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Lu Liu, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Mexico Qingchun Liu, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA James W. Lorbeer, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Qingli Liu, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Amber Lorge, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Qiongguang Liu, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Gladys A. Lori, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina Rep of China Rosemary Loria, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Shengyi Liu, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Matteo Lorito, Univ Degli Studi Di Napoli, Portici (NA), Italy Taiguo Liu, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Pongtharin Lotrakul, Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Ting Liu, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Binggan Lou, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Peoples Rep of China Raymond Louie, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH Weicheng Liu, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Fabio Lozano, Miami, FL Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Hector Lozoya-Saldana, Estado De Mexico, Mexico Xi Li Liu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Guihua Lu, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Xiaohong Liu, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Guodong Lu, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Xingzhong Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep Ping Lu, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA of China Shien Lu, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Yong Liu, Hunan Plant Protection Inst, Changsha, MaPoLing, Shun-Wen Lu, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Peoples Rep of China Xin Lu, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA

97 Leon T. Lucas, Carolinas Golf Association, Apex, NC Charles E. Main, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Philippe Lucas, INRA Agrocampus, Le Rheu, CEDEX, France Ghislaine Majeau, Dupont, Newark, DE Sunny L. Lucas, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Yoshimi Makimoto, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Robin Ludy, Oregon Dept of Agriculture, Salem, OR David Makowski, INRA, Thiverval-Grignon, France Christopher J. Luley, Urban Forestry LLC, Naples, NY Marie A. Maks, Nichino America Inc, Wilmington, DE Robert D. Lumsden, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Gino Malaguti, Maracay, Venezuela John E. Lundquist, USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, AK Martha M. Malapi, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Chaoxi Luo, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Carolyn M. Malmstrom, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Yong Luo, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Timothy S. Maloney, Agri-Tech Consulting, Janesville, WI Magally J. Luque-Williams, Riverside, CA Otis C. Maloy, Moscow, ID Douglas G. Luster, USDA ARS, Fort Detrick, MD Dean K. Malvick, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Jeffrey S. Lutton, Plant Sciences Inc, Watsonville, CA Juju B. Manandhar, Dairyland Seed Co Inc, Gibson City, IL Edna Dora M. N. Luz, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, BA, Mark K. Mancl, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Woodland, CA Brazil Paul D. Manion, Cazenovia, NY Stuart D. Lyda, Bryan, TX Jacob Manisterski, Tel Aviv Univ, Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv, Israel John Lydon, USDA ARS SASL, Beltsville, MD Billy T. Manji, Yuba City, CA Ryan P. Lynch, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Reinhold Mankau, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Junhong Ma, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Denise Manker, AgraQuest, Inc., La Jolla, CA Li-Jun Ma, Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA Harpartap S. Mann, St Paul, MN Liping Ma, Inst of Crop Genetics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Peoples Rep of William J. Manning, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA China Leka Manoch, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Ping Ma, Inst of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, Peoples Rep of Michele Ann Mansfield, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA China Bahram Mansoori, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, Iran Zhanhong Ma, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Saara Mansouri, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL China Seyed Mojtaba Mansouripour, Tarbiat Modaress Univ, Tehran, Zhonghua Ma, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Iran Robert B. Mabagala, Sokoine Univ of Agric, Morogoro, Tanzania Sophie Mantelin, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Dumitru Macarisin, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Daniel K. Manter, USDA ARS NPA, Fort Collins, CO Kearneysville, WV Paola Mantovani, Bologna, Italy Mary Malendia Maccree, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Shulamit Manulis, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel James D. MacDonald, Univ of California, Davis, CA Bizeng Mao, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Marcos A. Machado, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Zhen Chuan Mao, Chinese Academy of Agric Science, Beijing, Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil Peoples Rep of China William E. MacHardy, Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Tetsuo Maoka, Hokkaido Natl Agric Research Center, Sapporo, Steven J. MacKenzie, Univ of Florida, Wimauma, FL Japan Laurence V. Madden, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Costas B. Mappas, Thessalonici, Greece Angela M. Madeiras, Univ of Massachusetts, North Amherst, MA Lawrence J. Marais, Monterey Ag Resources, Visalia, CA Juan Carlos Madrigal, Banana Development Corp, San Jose, Henri M. Maraite, Univ Catholique De Louvain, Louvain La Costa Rica Neuve, Belgium Bene E. Madunagu, Univ of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Karl Maramorosch, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Martine R. J. Maes, Centrum Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, Carissa N. Marasas, USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD Merelbeke, Belgium Guillermo J. March, INTA, Cordoba, Argentina Diego C. Maeso, Montevideo CP, Uruguay Marco A. Marchetti, Gilchrist, TX Luiz A. Maffia, Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Alberto Marcon, Dupont Ag Nutrition, Newark, DE Peter A. Magarey, SARDI, Loxton, SA, Australia Jose F. Marcos, IATA - CSIC, Valencia, Spain Robert C. Magarey, BSES Advancing Sugar, Tully, QLD, Daniel B. Marcum, Univ of California, Fall River Mills, CA Australia Stephen M. Marek, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Roger D. Magarey, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Jean-Philippe Marelli, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Hank Mager, Bayer CropScience, White Heath, IL Paolo Margaria, Istituto Di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, Torino, Italy Clint W. Magill, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX John T. Margaritopoulos, Univ of Thessaly, Magnesia, Volos, Walter F. Mahaffee, USDA ARS HCRL, Corvallis, OR Greece Siraprapa Mahanil, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Jonathan Margolis, AgraQuest, Davis, CA Tariq Mahmood, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Dennis A. Margosan, USDA - ARS, Fresno, CA Mohamed Mahmoud Mazen, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Julio Ernesto Marin Horna, SENASA - Natl Agrarian Health Giza, Egypt Service, Lima, Peru Matthew J. Mahoney, Bayer CropScience, Oxford, MD Sasha C. Marine, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Michael J. Mahovic, Virginia Tech, Painter, VA Daniel F. Marion, Canandaigua, NY George S. Mahuku, CIMMYT Intl, Houston, TX Samuel G. Markell, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Tom Maier, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Denise M. Markle, North Dakota State Univ, Minot, ND Daniel J. Mailhot, Tallahassee, FL

98 David J. Marks, Plant Impact plc, Preston, Lancashire, United Michael E. Matheron, Univ of Arizona, Yuma, AZ Kingdom Febina M. Mathew, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Aniedi-Abasi A. Markson, Univ of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Deborah M. Mathews, Univ of California, Riverside, CA James J. Marois, Univ of Florida, Quincy, FL Robert L. Mathiasen, Northern Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ Clarissa J. Maroon-Lango, USDA APHIS PPQ PHP PGQP, Sandra Marisa Mathioni, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Beltsville, MD Don E. Mathre, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Steven K. Marquardt, Potato Certification, Alliance, NE Yoshinori Matsuda, Kinki Univ, Nara, Japan Maria del Pilar Marquez Villavicenci, Univ of Wisconsin, Ayumi Matsumoto, PhD, Univ of California, Davis, CA Madison, WI Keishi Matsumura, AgriSystemSolutions Inc, Kochi, Japan Robert E. Marra, Connecticut Agric Experiment Station, New Nobuaki Matsuyama, Setagaya-ku, Japan Haven, CT James A. Matteoni, Kwantlen Univ, Surrey, BC, Canada Mohamed Marrakchi, INAT, Tunis, Tunisia Mark A. Matthews, Univ of California, Davis, CA Glorimar Marrero, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Ann G. Matthysse, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Pamela G. Marrone, Marrone Organic Innovations, Davis, CA Chakradhar Mattupalli, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI David S. Marshall, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC John M. Matuszak, US Dept of State/OES, Silver Spring, MD Michael R. Marshall, Shippensburg Univ, Shippensburg, PA Brigitte Mauch-Mani, Univ of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland Philip T. Marshall, Salem, IN Peggy A. Mauk, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Riverside, CA Giovanni P. Martelli, Univ Degli Studi Di Bari, Bari, Italy Dmitri Mavrodi, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Gerald D. Martens, BASF Canada Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada Olga V. Mavrodi, PhD, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Eduardo E. Martillo Chalo, Agripac S.A., Guayaquil, Guayas, Vessela A. Mavrodieva, USDA APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD Ecuador Douglas P. Maxwell, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Frank N. Martin, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Nancy L. Maxwell, Bridgeton, NJ Kathleen M. Martin, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY John May, Penn State Univ, Port Matilda, PA Kendall J. Martin, William Paterson Univ, Wayne, NJ Matthew E. May, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Kirk W. Martin, Gainesville, FL Sara R. May, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Marsha J. Martin, DuPont Ag & Nutrition, Columbus, OH Mari Mayama, Shikoku Univ, Tokushima City, Japan Robert R. Martin, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Shigeyuki Mayama, Kobe Univ, Kobe, Japan Samuel B. Martin, Pee Dee Research & Education Ctr, Florence, Richard T. Mayer, Bogart, GA SC Dennis E. Mayhew, Frenchtown, MT William R. Martin, BioWorks Inc, Victor, NY Shanna A. Mazurek, North Dakota State University, Minot, ND Albert P. Martinez, Dunnellon, FL Mark Mazzola, USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA Carole Martinez, PhD, Premier Horticulture, Riviere Du Loup, Gladys C. Y. Mbofung, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA QC, Canada Mamadou Mboup, INRA, Thiverval Grignon, France Jaime J. Martinez, Univ Autonoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Cesaria E. McAlpin, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Mexico Jenifer H. McBeath, Univ of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK Mike Martinez, Marrone Organic Innovations, Fresno, CA Arthur H. McCain, Lafayette, CA Ainhoa Martinez Medina, CEBAS - CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, David S. McCall, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Spain Brent D. McCallum, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Jose Luis Martinez Ramirez, Univ De Guadalajara, Canada Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico James P. McCarter, Divergence Inc, St Louis, MO Yamila Martinez Zubiaur, PhD, Centro Nacl De Sanidad Curt McCartney, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Agropecuaria, La Havana, Cuba William O. McCartney, Sacramento, CA Alfredo D. Martinez-Espinoza, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Ali E. McClean, Univ of California, Davis, CA J M S Martins, Oeiras, Portugal Kevin McCluskey, Univ of Missouri, Kansas City, MO Charlie A. Martinson, Ames, IA Susan R. McCouch, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Raymond D. Martyn, Jr., Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Francis I. McCracken, Southern Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS Mizuri Marutani, Univ of Florida, Vero Beach, FL Larry L. McDaniel, Dept of Homeland Security, Germantown, Donald H. Marx, Plant Health Care Inc, Frogmore, SC MD Shinyi L. Marzano, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Bruce A. McDonald, Plant Pathology/Inst of Integrative Biology, Fabio Mascher, Agroscope ACW, Nyon, Switzerland Zurich, Switzerland Jongkit Masiri, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Geral I. McDonald, US Forest Service, Moscow, ID Curtis L. Mason, N Little Rock, AR John G. McDonald, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Phillip A. Mason, USDA APHIS PPQ, Ft Collins, CO ON, Canada Saad A. Masri, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Mary Ruth McDonald, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Canada Sharon McDonald, Ministry of Agriculture, JAMAICA, Kingston Hossain Massumi, Shahid Bahonar Univ of Kerman, Kerman, 20, Jamaica Iran Virginia T. McDonald, Corvallis, OR Glafera Janet B. Matanguihan, Washington State Univ, Pullman, Dair A. McDuffee, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN WA Fred D. McElroy, Clark Nuber CPA’s, Bellevue, WA Michael L. Matheny, Envera, Coatesville, PA

99 Wendy McFadden-Smith, McSmith Agricultural Research Ellis T. M. Meekes, Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, Netherlands Services, Vineland Station, ON, Canada Feridoon Mehdizadegan, USDA, Raleigh, NC Janis F. McFarland, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Hillary L. Mehl, USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ Denis C. McGee, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Prem Mehta, Betaseed Inc, Kimberly, ID Gayle C. McGhee, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Wang Meinan, PhD, Washington Sate Univ, Pullman, WA Robert J. McGovern, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Jack P. Meiners, Silver Spring, MD Margaret T. McGrath, Cornell Univ, Riverhead, NY Lyndel W. Meinhardt, USDA ARS SPCL, Beltsville, MD Molly J. McGrath, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Steven W. Meinhardt, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND W. Thomas McGrath, Nacogdoches, TX Charles W. Meister, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Cecilia McGregor, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Daami Mejda, INRAT, Chott-Mariem Sousse, Tunisia John R. McGrew, Hanover, PA Luis Mejia, Univ San Carlos, Guatemala Zona 12, Guatemala Karen McGuire, EnviroLogix, Portland, ME Luis C. Mejia, USDA ARS SMML, Beltsville, MD Sean P. McHugh, Cleveland Metro Park Systems, Bedford, OH Tefera Mekuria, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Bond McInnes, DuPont, Hahira, GA Ulrich K. Melcher, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Robert A. McIntosh, Univ of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia Gary Melchior, Gowan Co, Walla Walla, WA Alistair Hartley McKay, Univ of California, Val Verde, CA Jose M. Melero-Vara, Inst Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba, Wilbert E. McKeen, London, ON, Canada Spain Mary E. McKellar, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Jose C. Melgar, FHIA, San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Honduras Thomas E. McKemie, BASF Corp, Raleigh, NC Paloma Melgarejo, INIA CIT, Madrid, Spain John M. McKemy, USDA APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD Tomas Melgarejo, Univ Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Barry M. McKeown, BASF PLC, Cheadle, Cheshire, United Anthemis Melifronidou-Pantelidou, Nicosia, Cyprus Kingdom Michael A. Mellano, Mellano & Co, San Luis Rey, CA Simon J. McKirdy, CRC for National Plant Biosecurity, Deakin, Michael H. Mellano, Mellano & Co, San Luis Rey, CA ACT, Australia H. Charles Mellinger, Glades Crop Care Inc, Jupiter, FL Jennifer M. McLain-Romero, California Dept of Food & Rachel L. Melnick, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Agriculture, Fresno, CA Maeli Melotto, Univ of Texas, Arlington, TX Debbie L. McLaren, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Hassan A. Melouk, USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK Canada Thomas A. Melton, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Neal Wynne McLaren, Univ of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Rep Maria N. Melzer, Phyton Corp, New Hope, MN of South Africa Jorge I. Mena-Ali, Amherst College, Amherst, MA Inga McLaughlin, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Roger Menard, Forest Health Protection, Pineville, LA Michael R. McLaughlin, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS Jaime Mendez, Syngenta, Naples, FL Randy J. McLaughlin, Columbia Technical Associates LLC, Jesus Mendez-Lozano, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Wenatchee, WA Mexico Wayne McLaughlin, Univ of West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Kurt W. Mendgen, Univ of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Jamaica Jorge M. Mendoza, FIADE CINCAE, Guayaquil, Ecuador Adele McLeod, Univ of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Rep of South Jan C. Meneley, Ag Bio Development Inc, Westminster, CO Africa Baozhong Meng, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Patricia S. McManus, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Fanhong Meng, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Anthony J. McMechan, Northwest Research & Outreach Center, Qingxiao Meng, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Crookston, MN Shaowu Meng, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Robert T. McMillan, Jr., Kerry’s Nursery Inc, Homestead, FL Alemu Mengistu, USDA ARS, Jackson, TN Marcia P. McMullen, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Jon Robert Menke, USDA ARS Cereal Disease Lab, Minneapolis, Harold S. McNabb, Jr., Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA MN Richard Ryan McNally, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI James G. Menzies, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Michael J. McNeill, Ag Advisory Ltd, Algona, IA Canada Timothy W. McNellis, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jesus Mercado-Blanco, Inst Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Robert B. McReynolds, Oregon State Univ, Aurora, OR Cordoba, Spain John J. McRitchie, Gainesville, FL Julien Mercier, Driscoll Strawberry Assoc Inc, Watsonville, CA Neil McRoberts, Scottish Agric College, Edinburgh, United Fuencisla Merino, Univ Da Coruna, La Coruna, Spain Kingdom Joyce L. Merritt, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Brian B. McSpadden Gardener, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH E. Anne Merryfield, Medford, OR Michael G. McWilliams, Oregon Department of Forestry, Salem, Zelalem Mersha, Leibniz Univ Hannover, Hannover, Germany OR James C. Mertely, Univ of Florida, Wimauma, FL Chris B. Meador, PhD, Valent USA Corp, Greenville, MS Ueli Merz, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Michael E. Meadows, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Miami, Belinda J. Messenger, California Pesticide Regulation, Davis, CA FL Akos Mesterhazy, Cereal Research Non Profit Co Inst, Szeged, Flavio Medeiros, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil Hungary Carmen M. Medina-Mora, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, Jean-Pierre Metraux, Univ De Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland MI

100 Michael S. Metzger, Minn Dak Farmers Cooperative, Wahpeton, Joel J. Milner, Glasgow Univ, Glasgow, United Kingdom ND Eugene A. Milus, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Twng Wah Mew, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Charles W. Mims, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Philippines Jiyoung Min, Natl Inst of Crop Science, Suwon, Korea Melody M. Meyer, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA Kiwamu Minamisawa, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan Michael D. Meyer, Springfield, IL Gaylord I. Mink, Prosser, WA Paul W. Meyer, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Earl B. Minton, Leland, MS Susan L. Meyer, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Srecko (John) M. Mircetich, USDA ARS, Davis, CA William A. Meyer, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Oscar M. Mireles, USDA APHIS PPQ, Brownsville, TX Monica Mezzalama, CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, Mexico Mustafa Mirik, Univ of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey Joseph Mwafaida Mghalu, PhD, Pwani Univ College, Kilifi, T. Erik Mirkov, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Kenya Chester J. Mirocha, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Douglas W. Miano, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Kazuyuki Mise, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan Weiguo Miao, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Henry R. Mitchell, FMC Corp, Louisville, MS China Joe M. Mitchell, BASF Corp, Tampa, FL Richard Mibei, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya John E. Mitchell, Madison, WI Alan H. Michael, Penn State Univ, Dauphin, PA Melanie Mitchell, Oregon State Univ, Covallis, OR Themis J. Michailides, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Thomas K. Mitchell, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Jeffrey A. Michel, Bayer Environmental Science, Orlando, FL Melissa Goellner Mitchum, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Vincent V. Michel, Swiss Federal Res Station, Conthey, Nathaniel A. Mitkowski, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Switzerland Amit Mitra, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Richard E. Michell, Dale City, VA Ruchira Mitra, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Sami J. Michereff, Univ Federal Rural De Pernambuco, Recife, Sasa K. Mitrev, Univ of Stip, Stip, Macedonia PE, Brazil Shipra Mittal, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Santiago Xavier Mideros Mora, Ithaca, NY Volker Mittendorf, BASF Plant Science LLC, Durham, NC Stela Dalva V. Midlej-Silva, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti, Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, BA, Brazil Brazil Manfred E. Mielke, US Forest Service, St Paul, MN Franka Mlikota Gabler, Coarsegold, CA Quirico Migheli, Univ Degli Studi Di Sassari, Sassari, Italy Margaret T. Mmbaga, Tennessee State Univ, Mc Minnville, TN Roberto Miglino, Bloembollenkeuringsdienst BKD, Lisse, Mary E. Moberg, Swan River, MN Netherlands Kira E. Mock, The Natl Academies, Washington, DC Flavio C. Miguens, PhD, Univ Est Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Raymond G. Mock, USDA ARS NGRL, Beltsville, MD Ribeiro, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil Roberto Carlos Moctezuma Gutierrez, Univ Autonoma Agraria Jeanne D. Mihail, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico Asimina L. Mila, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Ocen Modesto Olanya, USDA ARS, Orono, ME Gene M. Milbrath, Salem, OR Peter Moffett, Boyce Thompson Inst for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY Monte R. Miles, USDA ARS, Champaign, IL Shizuo S. Mogi, Research Inst Spice & Med Crops, Jawa Barat, Andrew W. Milgate, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Inst, Wagga Indonesia Wagga, NSW, Australia Ehab Ali Deiaa Mohamed Sarhan, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Roy L. Millar, Oceanside, CA Giza, Egypt Debbie D. Miller, The Davey Tree Expert Co, Kent, OH Mojtaba Mohammadi, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Douglas E. Miller, Illinois Crop Improvement Assn, Champaign, Caroline Mohammed, Univ of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia IL S. Krishna Mohan, Univ of Idaho, Parma, ID Gerald L. Miller, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Neni Kartini Che Mohd Ramli, Univ Teknologi Mara, Jengka, James D. Miller, Fargo, ND Pahang, Malaysia Marilyn L. Miller, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Younes Y. Molan, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Nathan L. Miller, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Agustin B. Molina, Bioversity International, Laguna, Philippines Robert C. Miller, Rice Tec Inc, Alvin, TX Leire Molinero, IAS CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Robert W. Miller, Happy Berry Consulting DBA, Six Mile, SC Julio E. Molineros, Penn State, State College, PA Sally A. Miller, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Simon M. Moll, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Terry D. Miller, Miller Research Inc, Rupert, ID Dimitre S. Mollov, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Thomas Miller, Gainesville, FL Bruce D. Moltzan, Missouri Dept of Conservation, Columbia, Benjamin P. Millett, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN MO Steve M. Millett, Hummert Intl, Earth City, MO Timur M. Momol, Univ of Florida, Quincy, FL David E. Millhouse, BASF Research Station, Dinuba, CA Ian R. Moncrief, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Janelle Millhouse, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Ethel Oranga Monda, Kenyatta Univ, Nairobi, Kenya Annett Milling, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Judit Monis, STA Laboratories Inc, Longmont, CO Dallice I. Mills, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Enrique Monte, Univ de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Dennis R. Mills, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Lucio Montecchio, Università di Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy Katherine Mills Lujan, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Mauricio Montero Astua, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS

101 Roberto Montes-Belmont, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Eugene Paul Mumma, Jr., Loranger, LA Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Isabel A. Munck, Madison, WI Tong Yang Moolsan, KT&G, Seoul, South Korea Nicole Mundell, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Geromy G. Moore, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Christopher C. Mundt, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR James F. Moore, Jr., Sunny Hills Orchard, Bowling Green, KY Alejandro Munez, Dole Philippine Inc, Davao City, Philippines Jerry W. Moore, Oklahoma State Univ, Perkins, OK Gary P. Munkvold, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Laurence D. Moore, VPI & State Univ, Radford, VA Kazunori Murao, Sakata Seed Co Ltd, Chiba, Japan Scott Moore, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Amit Murar, LRS Inst of TB & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India Gary W. Moorman, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Hitoshi Murata, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Ibaraki-Ken, Orly Mor, Zeraim Gedera Seed Growers Co Ltd, Gedera, Israel Japan Juan Moral, Univ De Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Jesus Murillo, Univ Publica De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain Jose Luciano Morales Garcia, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas Adriana Murillo-Williams, Universidad de Costa RIca, San José, de Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Costa Rica Patrick J. Moran, USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX Agnes M. Murphy, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Sergio D. Moreira, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya, Japan Canada Oscar Alberto Moreno-Valenzuela, CICY UBBMP, Merida, Alan P. Murphy, Abraham Baldwin Agric College, Tifton, GA Yucatan, Mexico John F. Murphy, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL David P. Morgan, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Robert O. Murphy, Professional Supply, Port Saint Lucie, FL Salvatore Moricca, Univ of Firenze, Firenze, Italy Marion S. Murray, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Enrique Moriones, CSIC, Malaga, Spain Timothy D. Murray, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA R. A. A. Morrall, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Barbara D. Muse, Souderton, PA Jeffrey J. Morrell, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Ronald R. Muse, Souderton, PA Abigail F. Morris, East Lansing, MI George H. Musson, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Cindy E. Morris, INRA, Montfavet, France Theodore R. Muth, City Univ of New York - Brooklyn College, T. Jack Morris, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Brooklyn, NY Jennifer E. Morrison, AQIS, Eagle Farm, QLD, Australia Senthil-Kumar Muthappa, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Steven L. Morrison, Answers for Agriculture, San Diego, CA Ardmore, OK Shannon C. Morsello, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Vijay Muthukumar, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Kadry Mostafa Morsy, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt Lisa R. S. Myers, Ministry of Agriculture, St Catherine, Jamaica Knud Mortensen, Balgonie, SK, Canada Roxana Y. Myers Cabos, Hilo, HI H. Vincent Morton, Viva Inc, Greensboro, NC Kirankumar Mysore, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Dean Mosdell, PhD, Syngenta, Newbury Park, CA Ardmore, OK Gloria Maria Mosquera, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Alexis Kathrine Nagel, Clemson Univ, Greenville, SC Eugenie L. Moss, Cynthiana, KY Annemarie M. Nagle, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Michael A. Moss, Syngenta, Greensboro, NC Peter D. Nagy, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Ralph E. Motsinger, Winterville, GA Brenda Walsh Nailor, Engage Agro Corp, Guelph, ON, Canada Bassim Mounssef, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Takashi Nakajima, Natl Agric Res Ctr Kyushu Okinawa Region, Lacey L. Mount, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Kumamoto, Japan Ernesto A. Moya, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Shigeo Nakamura, Miyagi Prefectural Agric & Hortic Res Ctr, James W. Moyer, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Miyagi, Japan Michelle M. Moyer, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Mark K. Nakhla, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD Anne-Laure Moyne, Univ of California, Davis, CA Sridevi Nakka, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Wellington Muchero, Univ of California, Riverside, CA F. Ameena Nalim, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM James John Muchovej, A&J Agronomic Diagnostics Inc, Lloyd, FL Aldo Nally, Potomac, MD Mary Beth Mudgett, Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA Myeong-Hyeon Nam, PhD, Nonsan Strawberry Exp Station, Daren S. Mueller, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Nonsan, South Korea James P. Mueller, Dow AgroSciences, Brentwood, CA Shigetou Namba, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan John D. Mueller, Edisto Res & Ed Ctr, Blackville, SC Siranush Nanagyulyan, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Tristan A. Mueller, Bayer CropScience, Earlham, IA Armenia Per M. Muhlenbock, Ghent Univ, Belgium, Lidingö, Sweden Rangaraj Nandakumar, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Mala Mukherjee, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Dilip Nandwani, Northern Marianas College, Saipan, MP Som S. Mukherjee, State Univ of New York, Syracuse, NY Kazuhiko Narisawa, Ibaraki Univ, Inashiki, Japan Fujio Mukumoto, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Takarazuka, Dario F. Narvaez, Univ of Florida, Tallahassee, FL Hyogo, Japan Bouzid Nasraoui, Ecole Superieure D’Agriculture Du Kef, Le Kef, Matthew W. Mulanax, Salinas, CA Tunisia Santosh A. Mulay, Nunhems India Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India Keiko T. Natsuaki, Tokyo Univ of Agric, Setagaya-Ku, Japan Jacqueline Mullen, Auburn Univ, Auburn Univ, AL Tomohide Natsuaki, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya, Japan Joe S. Mullinax, Turlock, CA Lowell R. Nault, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Stephen W. Mullis, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Duroy A. Navarre, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Robert P. Mulrooney, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Rosa Navarrete Maya, FES C UNAM, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico

102 Juan A. Navas-Cortes, Inst Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba, Siddapura Ramachandra Niranjana, PhD, Univ of Mysore, Spain Mysore, India Shrishail S. Navi, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Claudia Nischwitz, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Murali M. Nayudu, Australian Natl University, Canberra, ACT, Masamichi Nishiguchi, Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Japan Australia Kate A. Nishijima, USDA ARS, Hilo, HI Stephen M. Neate, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Wayne T. Nishijima, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Dan Neely, Cape Girardeau, MO Takeshi T. Nishio, Izumi-Ku, Yokohama, Japan Claire Neema, AgroParisTech, PARIS, France Zenta Nishio, Hokkaido Natl Agric Res Ctr, Memuro, Japan Deborah Neher, Univ of Vermont, Burlington, VT Mizuho Nita, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Oliver T. Neher, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT Amy L. Niver, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL David B. Nehl, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Camden, Shannon Nix, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Australia Evans Nyaga Njambere, Washinton State Univ, Pullman, WA Naghmeh Nejat, Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Samuel M. C. Njoroge, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Malaysia Juan Carlos Noa-Carrazana, Univ Veracruzana, Xalapa, Angela H. Nelson, Ithaca, NY Veracruz, Mexico Berlin D. Nelson, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND James P. Noe, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Bruce A. Nelson, Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, Kenneth A. Noegel, Leawood, KS OR Patricia A. Nolan, County of San Diego, San Diego, CA David L. Nelson, USDA Forest Service, Provo, UT Gustavo N. B. Nolasco, Univ Do Algarve - NIF 505387271, Eric B. Nelson, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY FERN, Faro, Portugal Henry E. Nelson, Kinki Univ, Nara, Japan Josep M. Nolla Jordana, Lleida, Spain Mark E. Nelson, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Barry L. Nolt, Bloomsburg Univ, Bloomsburg, PA Michael D. Nelson, Plant Sciences Inc, Watsonville, CA Phillip Nolte, Univ of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID Rebecca J. Nelson, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Remi S. Nono Womdim, AVRDC, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania Richard S. Nelson, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Teruo Nonomura, Kinki Univ, Nara, Japan OK John T. Nordgaard, Black Gold Farms, Grand Forks, ND Scot C. Nelson, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Hilo, HI Eric Nordlie, Bailey Nurseries Inc, St Paul, MN Lev G. Nemchinov, USDA ARS MPPL, Beltsville, MD Berit Nordskog, Bioforsk Norwegian Inst Agric & Envl Res, As, Stan Nemec, Auburn, AL Norway David K. Nendick, Ministry of Agriculture, Wellington, New John L. Norelli, USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV Zealand David J. Norman, Univ of Florida, Apopka, FL Yeshwant L. Nene, Asian Agri-History Foundation, Secunderabad, Philip R. Northover, Manitoba Agric & Food, Carman, MB, India Canada Achala Nepal, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Ann S. Northrup, Los Gatos, CA Robert B. Nesbitt, Jr., Nesbitt & Assoc Hort Consultants, Orange, David Noshad, Canadian Forest Services, Victoria, BC, Canada CA Shahideh Nouri, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Krystle L. Ness, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Adrijana Novak, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Dirk W. Netz, Lake Mills, WI Zagreb, Croatia Maria S. Newcomb, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Fernando Nuez Vinals, Univ Politecnica De Valencia, Valencia, Melvin A. Newman, Univ of Tennessee Extension, Jackson, TN Spain Michael R. Newnam, Bayer Environmental Science, Clayton, NC Refik M. Numic, Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina Eng Hwa Ng, Univ of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA Cristiano Caixeta Nunes, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, James Ng, Univ of California, Riverside, CA NC Henry K. Ngugi, Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA Joe Nunez, Univ of California Coop Ext, Bakersfield, CA Terry L. Niblack, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Leonard Nunney, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Jennifer S. Nicholson, USDA-APHIS-Plant Protection and Donald L. Nuss, Univ of Maryland, Rockville, MD Quarantine, Raleigh, NC Forrest W. Nutter, Jr., Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Julie Nicol, CIMMYT Intl, Ankara, Turkey Andrew P. Nyczepir, USDA ARS, Byron, GA Philippe C. Nicot, INRA, Montfavet, France Leopold M. Nyochembeng, Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL Nancy Nie, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Naples, FL Robert F. Nyvall, Grand Rapids, MN Xianzhou Nie, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Steven W. Oak, USDA FS, Asheville, NC Canada John H. O’Barr, BASF Corp, Hummelstown, PA Joseph F. Niedbalski, St Louis, MO Kehinde C. Obasa, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Edward L. Nigh, Jr., Arizona AgCon Inc, Tucson, AZ Tom T. Oben, Univ of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Maria Nihlgaard, Syngenta Seeds AB, Landskrona, Sweden Vitus Ikechukwu Obi, Chai, Zaragoza, Spain Ekaterina V. Nikolaeva, Penn State, Harrisburg, PA Patricia Oyibo Obilo, Federal Univ of Technology, Owerri, Imo Rients E. Niks, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands State, Nigeria Hans-Eric Nilsson, Uppsala, Sweden Brent W. Oblinger, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI David Nino-Liu, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Motshwari Obopile, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Aleksa Obradovic, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia

103 John B. O’Brien, NACS LLC, Watertown, CT Daniel W. Omdal, Dept of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA Joseph G. O’Brien, USDA Forest Service, St Paul, MN Joe A. Omielan, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY James O. Obuya, Univ of Wyoming, Laramie, WY Michael E. Omunyin, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Cynthia M. Ocamb, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Toshihiro Omura, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Jose-Luis Ochoa, CIBNOR SC, La Paz, Mexico Japan Salvador Ochoa Ascencio, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de Nichole R. O’Neill, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Kevin Ong, Texas A&M Univ, Dallas, TX Yisa Maria Ochoa Fuentes, Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Maria Onofrietti, Bayer CropScience, Durham, NC Narro, Aquascaliates, Mexico Charles Onyeani, Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Lagos, Nigeria Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona, Ministry of Agric & Forestry/ Nwanma B. Onyike, Abia State Univ, Uturu Abia State, Nigeria Biosecurity New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand Jeri J. Ooka, Univ of Hawaii, Kapaa, HI Daniel L. Ochoa-Martínez, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Dan C. Opgenorth, California Dept of Food & Agric, DF, Mexico Sacramento, CA Julius Onyango Ochuodho, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Mary Orcutt, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Arroyo Grande, CA Scott Ockey, Chemtura Corp, Yakima, WA Maria E. Ordonez, USDA Cereal Disease Lab, St Paul, MN Kylea J. Odenbach, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH David J. Ormrod, Langley, BC, Canada William C. Odle, Valent USA Corp, Richardson, TX Mario Orozco-Santos, INIFAP, Colima, Mexico Cheryle Ann O’Donnell, Univ of California, Davis, CA Maria Andrea Ortega, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Gary N. Odvody, Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX Juan Ortega Aranda, Agrofresas S.A., Seville, Spain Erich-Christian Oerke, Univ of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Neil J. Ogg, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing, University of Illinois, Macomb, IL Eunsung Oh, Korea Forest Res Inst, Seoul, Korea Lawrence E. Osborne, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Hiroyuki Ohara, Doshisha Womens Univ, Kyoto, Japan W. Wyatt Osborne, IAI Inc, South Boston, VA Daisuke Ohgami, Hokuren, Naganuma, Hokkaido, Japan Robert M. Osburn, EMD Crop BioScience Inc, Milwaukee, WI Satoshi T. Ohki, Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sakai, Osaka, Japan Kehinde Yejide O. Osikanlu, PhD, Chicago, IL Takehiro Ohki, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan Jairo A. Osorio, Corpoica, Bogota, AA, Colombia Mana Ohkura, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Manuel D. Ospina-Giraldo, Lafayette College, Easton, PA Kouhei Ohnishi, Kochi Univ, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan Gary W. Osteen, Bakersfield, CA Howard D. Ohr, Buffalo, WY Jeff J. Oster, California Rice Research Foundation, Biggs, CA Kazusato Ohshima, Saga Univ, Saga, Japan Nancy K. Osterbauer, Oregon Dept of Agric, Salem, OR Yasuo Ohto, Japan Intl Res Ctr for Agric Sciences, Okinawa, Japan Hanne Ostergard, Riso Natl Lab, Roskilde, Denmark Peter Sande Ojiambo, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Andrea Ostrofsky, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME NC, United Kingdom William D. Ostrofsky, Augusta, ME Hiroshi Okamoto, Fukui, Japan Michael E. Ostry, USDA FS, St Paul, MN Grace OKeefe, USDA APHIS PPQ, University Park, PA Hiroshi Otani, Tottori Univ, Tottori, Japan Hachiro Oku, Okayama, Japan Osama Othman, Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt Takashi Oku, Hiroshima Prefectural Univ, Shobara, Hiroshima, William J. Otrosina, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA Japan Lindsey K. Otto-Hanson, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Patricia A. Okubara, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Shu-Huang Ou, Palo Alto, CA Seiichi Okuda, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya, Japan Seiji Ouchi, Oregon State Univ, Nara, Japan Wahab O. Okunowo, Univ of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria Peter V. Oudemans, Rutgers Univ, Chatsworth, NJ Rabiu Onaolapo Olatinwo, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Henry M. Ouimet, Waterbury, CT Gilberto Olaya, Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL David G. Ouimette, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN Patricia F. O’Leary, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC Amos Ovadia, Agronomia - Agricultural Svcs (2001) Ltd, Rehovot, John W. Olive, Ornamental Hort Substation, Mobile, AL Israel Marivac L. Oliveira, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, BA, Kirk L. Overmyer, Univ of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Brazil Santford V. Overton, Ringoes, NJ Jonathan E. Oliver, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Kristina J. Owens, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD Richard P. Oliver, Murdoch Univ, Perth, WA, Australia Robert A. Owens, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Florencia Pia Olivieri, Univ Nacl De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Bonnie H. Ownley, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Plata, Argentina Deji Owolabi, Univ of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Hans C. Olsen, Bayer ES, Wildomar, CA Zahide Ozdemir, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Mary W. Olsen, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Umit Ozyilmaz, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Brian D. Olson, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Geneva, NY Andrea M. Pabon, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Heather A. Olson, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC R. P. Pacumbaba, Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL Asa Olsson, Nordic Beet Research, Bjarred, Sweden Guy Boyd Padgett, Louisiana State Univ, Winnsboro, LA Babatunde Olubajo, USDA ARS, Athens, GA Annamalai Padmanaban, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Jessica K. O’Mara, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Mi-Sook Pae, Inchon City, South Korea Judith L. O’Mara, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Maria Cristina Pagani, BASF Corp, Raleigh, NC Rustem T. Omarov, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Mirang Pak, MYU Consulting, Seoul, South Korea

104 Vijay S. Pal, New Delhi, India Jose Antonio Pascual, PhD, CSIC, Murcia, Spain Edwin R. Palencia, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Alireza Pashaee, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Vicente Pallas, IBMCP UPV CSIC, Valencia, Spain Matias Pasquali, Univ of Minnesota - COAFES, St Paul, MN Einar W. Palm, Columbia, MO Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Aaron J. Palmateer, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Gary W. Pastushok, Syngenta Crop Protection, Joliet, MT Cristi L. Palmer, Rutgers Univ, Princeton, NJ Anuthep Pasura, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Mary E. Palm-Hernandez, USDA APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD Jerald K. Pataky, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Angel Palomo, Univ Nac Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Nrupali Patel, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Lluis Palou, IVIA, Postharvest Technology Center, Montcada, Suresh S. Patil, Reston, VA Valencia, Spain Halama Patrice, Inst Superieur d’Agriculture, Lille, CEDEX, Peter F. Palukaitis, Scottish Crop Research Inst, Invergowrie, France Dundee, United Kingdom Flavia Patricio, Inst Biologico, Campinas, SP, Brazil Jeffrey Palumbo, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Rakhi Patrick, Noida, UP, India Qinghua Pan, PhD, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, Zenon A. Patrick, Toronto, ON, Canada Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Chandra Paul, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Ruqian Pan, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of Ida Paul, Small Grain Inst, Stellenbosch, Rep of South Africa China Pierce A. Paul, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Youwen Pan, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Timothy C. Paulitz, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, Pullman, WA Daniel G. Panaccione, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Albert O. Paulus, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Suresh Pande, ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India Marco Pautasso, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom Marli F. S. Papa, UNESP FEIS, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil Branko Pavcec, Cakovec, Croatia George C. Papavizas, Beltsville, MD Neil D. Paveley, ADAS, Malton, North Yorkshire, United Joseph M. Papenfuss, Fountain Green, UT Kingdom Epaminondas Paplomatas, Agric Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece Stephen P. Pavich, Pavich Agricultural Consulting, Phoenix, AZ Athanasios C. Pappas, Univ of Thessaly, Magnesia, Greece Snezana Pavlovic, Inst for Medicinal Plant Research, Belgrade, Fed Hanumantha R. Pappu, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Rep of Yugoslavia Ampaiwan Paradornuwat, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Carlos F. Pavon, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL D. B. Parakh, Natl Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, John A. Pawlak, Valent USA, Lansing, MI India Katharina Pawlowski, Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden Juan Paredes, Agricola Pampa Baja S.A.C., Arequipa, Peru Luis A. Payan, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Luciana C. Parent, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Gary A. Payne, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Mathews L. Paret, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Dave L. Pazdernik, Soygenetics LLC, Breese, IL Benedicte Pariaud, INRA, Thiverval Grignon, France Mila J. Pearce, Natl Onion Labs Inc, Collins, GA Paivi Parikka, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Charles A. Pearson, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Finland Gabriel David Peckham, PhD, Honolulu, HI Roberta Paris, Univ of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Paul C. Pecknold, Santa Rosa, CA Paulo Parizzi, Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Hans Christian Pedersen, Danisco Seed, Holeby, Denmark Eun Woo Park, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea Palle Pedersen, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Gyungsoon Park, PhD, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Robert C. Pedersen, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Nampa, ID Ji Hyun Park, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Wayne L. Pedersen, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Myung Soo Park, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Kerry F. Pedley, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Ft. Detrick, MD Seung Moon Park, Chonbuk Natl Univ, Chon-Ju, Korea Joao Pedro Luz, Escola Superior Agraria, Castelo Branco, Portugal Soon Park, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Steven Peel, Seed Solutions, LLC, Cape Girardeau, MO Sunjung Park, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Clyde E. Peet, Arlington, TX Yong-Soon Park, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Tobin L. Peever, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Jennifer L. Parke, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Masoomeh Peiman, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Diana M. Parker, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Fernando Pelaez, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Madrid, Spain Paul E. Parker, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Edinburg, TX E. Neil Pelletier, Alexandria, VA Shane R. Parker, Univ of California, Davis, CA Alejandro Penaloza-Vazquez, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, Elizabeth Parks, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC OK Wesley Parks, Clayton, NC DeLiang Peng, Inst of Plant Protection, CAAS, Beijing, Peoples Venkatesan Parkunan, Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA Rep of China Giuseppe Parrella, Napoli, Italy Hua Xian Peng, Sichuan Academy of Agric Sciences, Chengdu, Charlie E. Parsons, Univ of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR Peoples Rep of China Megan E. Parsons, Botany Bay Consulting, Mayfield Village, OH You-Liang Peng, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of James E. Partridge, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE China Darcy E. Partridge-Telenko, Univ of Florida IFAS, Pensacola, FL Stanley P. Pennypacker, Spring Mills, PA Robert E. Partyka, Columbus, OH Herbert S. Pepin, Vancouver, BC, Canada Sergio F. Pascholati, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) - ESALQ, John D. Peplinski, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Esther Lilia Peralta Garcia, IIFT, La Habana, Cuba

105 Santy Peraza, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica Yucatan, Merida, John N. Pinkerton, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Yucatan, Mexico Carol L. Pinnell-Alison, Louisiana State Univ Ag Center, James A. Percich, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Winnsboro, LA Pedro Perdomo, Cleary Chemical Corp, Dayton, NJ David L. Pinnow, USDA ARS, Griffin, GA Ana Maria N. Pereira, Univ De Tras-os-Montes E Alto Douo, Vila David Pinzon, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Real, Portugal Rosanna N. Pioli, Rosario Santa Fe, Argentina Modika R. Perera, Murdoch Univ, Perth, WA, Australia Wirat Pipatpongpinyo, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Natalia Peres, Univ of Florida, Wimauma, FL Stoyan R. Pirgozliev, BASF Canada, London, ON, Canada Silvia A. Pereyra, INIA - Natl Inst for Agric Research, Colonia, Thomas P. Pirone, Lexington, KY Uruguay Barbara Piskur, Slovenian Forestry Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia Beatriz Alida Perez, INTA, Castelar, BA, Argentina Ron E. Pitblado, Weather Innovations Inc, Chatham, ON, Carlos A. Perez, St Paul, MN Canada Eden Azucena Perez, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI John W. Pitkin, PhD, Monsanto, Chesterfield, MO Frances Perez, USDA ARS PSI GIFVL, Beltsville, MD Tera Pitman, Univ of California, Davis, CA Kari Perez, Cornell Univ, Itahca, NY Roy N. Pittman, USDA ARS PGRCU, Griffin, GA Encarnacion Perez Artes, CSIC - Inst De Agricultura Sostenible, J. Terry Pitts, Oklahoma State Univ, Altus, OK Cordoba, Spain Kevin V. Pixley, CIMMYT, Houston, TX Julio Jaquin Perez Valdez, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico Marta Pizano, Hortitecnia Ltd, Bogota, Colombia Luis Perez-Moreno, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico Andrew B. Plant, Univ of Maine, Fort Fairfield, ME James M. Perkins, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Jose A. Plaza, Rice Tec Inc, Alvin, TX Kenneth L. Pernezny, Univ of Florida, Belle Glade, FL Randy C. Ploetz, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Noel S. Perpetua, Dole Philippine Inc, Davao City, Philippines Leonardo Dan Ploper, Tucuman, Argentina Thomas M. Perring, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Karine Plourde, Laval Univ / CEF, Quebec, QC, Canada John L. Perry, Bayer CropScience, Kingsburg, CA Richard W. H. Pluke, Fintrac Inc, St Thomas, VI Keith L. Perry, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Edward V. Podleckis, USDA APHIS PPD, Riverdale, MD Ramasamy Perumal, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Hans-Michael Poehling, Univ of Hannover, Hannover, Germany Zvezdana Pesic-VanEsbroeck, North Carolina State Univ, Arevik Poghosyan, CIBNOR, S.C., La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico Raleigh, NC Ivan Poje, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Zagreb, Anika Rose Petach, Boulder, CO Croatia Dick Peters, Agric Univ of Wageningen, Wageningen, Netherlands Ramesh Raj Pokharel, Colorado State Univ, Grand Junction, CO Gary L. Peterson, USDA ARS NAA FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, Jill D. Pokorny, USDA FS, St Paul, MN MD James J. Polashock, USDA ARS, Chatsworth, NJ Glenn W. Peterson, Lincoln, NE Anissa M. Poleatewich, Penn State Univ, Port Matilda, PA Joseph L. Peterson, American Fork, UT Marylou Polek, CCTEA, Tulare, CA Paul D. Peterson, Clemson Univ, Florence, SC Valery P. Polischuk, Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ, Kyiv, Ukraine Sophie Alexia Peterson, Plant Health Australia, Deakin, ACT, Giancarlo Polizzi, Univ Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy Australia Jane E. Polston, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Sarah J. Pethybridge, Univ of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia Eli Polzer, SUNY College of Envl Science & Forestry, Syracuse, NY Jill Ellen Petrisko, PhD, Unv of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID Patchara Pongam, Indian River Community College, Ft Pierce, FL Gregg Pettis, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Usha Poovanna, Horwath Guru Group, Gaborone, Botswana William F. Pfender, USDA ARS NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR Susilo H. Poromarto, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Donald H. Pfister, Harvard Univ Herbaria, Cambridge, MA Lyndon D. Porter, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Tung Anh Pham, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Pedro P. Posos-Ponce, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan Anette Phibbs, Wisconsin Dept of Agric, Madison, WI Jalisco, Mexico Vincent Philion, IRDA, St Hyacinthe, QC, Canada Dana Post, Phyton Corp, New Hope, MN George L. Philley, Arp, TX Karin I. Posthuma, Enza Zaden Research & Development B.V., Daniel V. Phillips, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Enkhuizen, Netherlands Douglas J. Phillips, Fresno, CA Joseph D. Postman, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Nicki J. Phillips, Enza Zaden Research USA Inc, San Juan Glenn S. Pound, La Jolla, CA Bautista, CA Reza Pourrahim, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Inst, Tehran, Patrick M. Phipps, VPI & SU, Suffolk, VA Iran Maria Julia Pianzzola, Montevideo, Uruguay Charles A. Powell, Univ of Florida, Ft Pierce, FL Florence Picard, Vilmorin, La Menitre, France William A. Powell, State Univ of New York, Syracuse, NY Diana Picchietti, Monument, CO Mary L. Powelson, Corvallis, OR Anna Maria Picco, Univ of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Robert L. Powelson, Corvallis, OR Lu J. Piening, Lacombe, AB, Canada Harry R. Powers, Jr., Athens, GA Meike Piepenbring, Univ of Frankfurt, Frankfurt Main Hessen, Edson Ampelio Pozza, Univ Fed De Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil Germany Prakash M. Pradhanang, HJ Heinz Co, Stockton, CA Kent M. Pierce, Green Cross Inc, Norwalk, CT Harischandra Shripathy Prakash, PhD, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, Margaret L. Pierce, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK India

106 Gyaneshwar Prasad, Univ of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI Diego Fernando Quito Avila, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Sutruedee Prathuangwong, Kasetsart Univ, Chatuchack, Robert D. Raabe, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Bangkok, Thailand Jos M. Raaijmakers, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Richard C. Pratt, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Kirk C. Radewald, Phelan, CA Robert G. Pratt, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS Sebastjan Radisek, PhD, Zalec, Slovenia J. M. Prescott, Dekalb, IL David Radtke, San Luis Hills Farm, Sanford, CO Gail M. Preston, Univ of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Osman E. Radwan, Univ of Illnois, Urbana, IL Mathys Pretorius, Citrus Research International, Nelspruit, Vinay B. Raghavendra, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, Mpumalanga, Rep of South Africa India Zacharias A. Pretorius, Univ of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Rep James E. Rahe, Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada of South Africa Heshmatola H. Rahimian, Mazandaran Univ, Sari, Iran Allen J. Prey, Madison, WI Mahfuzur Rahman, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jacob Price, Texas AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX Tatyana Raichuk, Inst of Plant Protection, Kyiv, Ukraine Terence V. Price, Montmorency, VIC, Australia Richard N. Raid, Univ of Florida, Belle Glade, FL James P. Prince, California State Univ, Fresno, CA Priya Raja, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Robert H. Proctor, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Anuja Rajaguru, Univ of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Tyre John Proffer, Kent State Univ, Salem, OH Chandrika Ramadugu, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Louis K. Prom, USDA ARS SPARC CGRU, College Station, TX Jacqueline Ramallo, Estacion Exp Agroindustrial Obispo Rosario Provvidenti, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Colombres, Tucuman, Argentina Grechen E. Pruett, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Rajesh Ramarathnam, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Dov B. Prusky, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Canada Olivier P. Pruvost, CIRAD, St Pierre Reunion Is, France Harikrishnan Ramasubramaniam, Syngenta Seeds, Inc., Bay, AR Barry M. Pryor, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Dennis R. Ramirez, FHIA, San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Honduras Jay W. Pscheidt, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Hugo T. Ramirez, Visalia, CA Steven G. Pueppke, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Cayo Ramos, Univ of Malaga, Malaga, Spain Hoong Pung, Peracto Pty Ltd, Devonport, TAS, Australia Sephra Nalini Rampersad, Univ of the West Indies, St Augustine, Zamir K. Punja, Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada Trinidad Alexander H. Purcell, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Giorgio Rampinini, Rampinini Consultant, Cerro Maggiore, Italy Mary F Purcell-Miramontes, USDA, Washington, DC Donald C. Ramsdell, Northport, MI Dan E. Purcifull, Gainesville, FL Abhijit Mugutrao Ranaware, Shreemant Shivajiraje College of Laurence H. Purdy, Gainesville, FL Hort, Phaltan, India P. Lawrence Pusey, USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA Robert E. Rand, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Alexander I. Putman, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Jennifer J. Randall, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Melodie Putnam, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Betsy L. Randall-Schadel, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, Lydia Putnicki, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA NC Robert Pybas, Pybas Vegetable Seed Co Inc, Santa Maria, CA Parmjit S. Randhawa, California Seed & Plant Lab Inc, Elverta, Matthew Francis Pye, Univ of California, Davis, CA CA Mukishi M. Pyndji, CIAT, Arusha, Tanzania John W. Randles, PhD, Univ of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, John R. Pyzner, Louisiana Coop Ext Service, Shreveport, LA Australia Issa S. Qandah, Fargo, ND Karen K. Rane, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Dong Qi, Indiana University, Bloomington, Bloomington, IN Trevor M. Ranford, Apple & Pear Growers Assn, Cavan, SA, Jinya Qiu, Univ of California, Davis, CA Australia Jiyan Qiu, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, W. H. Rankin, Bureau of Plant Industry NY, Albany, NY Peoples Rep of China A. L. N. Rao, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Wenping Qiu, Missouri State Univ, Mountain Grove, MO Balakrishna Rao, Davey Tree Co, Kent, OH Xinshun Qu, Pennsylvania State Univ, University Park, PA Govind P. Rao, Sugarcane Research Station, Gorakhpur, UP, India Lina Maria Quesada, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Rita Catarina Raoms Pimenta Sanos Silva, Santa Clara-a- Alice Maria Quezado Duval, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Velha, Portugal Mark Quick, Isagro USA, Morrisville, NC Christine Rascle, Tezier Centre De Research, Valence, France Malcolm A. Quigley, High Head Farm Cottage, Cumbria, United Khalid Y. Rashid, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Kingdom Canada Andres Quijano Ramayo, Centro De Investigacion Cientifica Jack B. Rasmussen, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico Rosa Emilia Raudales Banegas, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH James A. Quinn, NGMSI, North Wales, PA Gilda Maria Rauscher, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Vivencio L. Quinon, Riverview Subdivision, Davao City, Maja Ravnikar, Natl Inst of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia Philippines Carroll D. Rawn, Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ Marisol Andrea Quintanilla, Holt, MI Min B. Rayamajhi, PhD, USDA ARS, Ft Lauderdale, FL Jean B. Quiot, Montpellier, France Naidu A. Rayapati, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Betania Ferraz Quirino, Univ Catolica De Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, William B. Raymer, Friday Harbor, WA Brazil Patricia A. Rayside, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL

107 Mohammad Razavi, Plant Pests & Diseases Res Inst, Tehran, Iran Steven L. Rideout, Virginia Tech - Eastern Shore AREC, Painter, Andrew C. Read, Univ of Hawii, Hilo, HI VA Paul W. Readly, American Takii Inc, Salinas, CA Jack H. Riesselman, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Jimmy L. Reaves, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC Jerry W. Riffle, Syracuse, IN Gustavo De Rebello, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Ekaterini Riga, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Angel Rebollar-Alviter, Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Morelia, Jennifer L. Riggs, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Mich, Mexico Kara Jane Riggs, The Ohio State Univ, Sunbury, OH Nancy A. Rechcigl, Syngenta Professional Products, Bradenton, FL Robert D. Riggs, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Angela R. Records, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Daniel Rigling, Swiss Federal Research Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Dodla V. R. Reddy, AFT Intl Freight Systems Inc, Jamaica, NY Switzerland Joseph D. Reddy, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Jessica J. Riley, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Venu Reddyvari-Channarayappa, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, Melissa B. Riley, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC OH Timothy D. Riley, USDA APHIS PPQ, Orlando, FL Margaret G. Redinbaugh, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH Joseph W. Rimelspach, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Sabine Redlhammer, Biologische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Linda Jeimmy Rincon Rivera, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Bogota, Germany Colombia Scott C. Redlin, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST PERAL, Raleigh, Danny Rioux, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest NC Service, Québec, QC, Canada Joseph P. Reed, FMC, North Little Rock, AR Jean B. Ristaino, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Sharon Elizabeth Reed, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO David F. Ritchie, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Richard D. Reeleder, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Gabriela Ritokova, Univ of California, Davis, CA Canada William R. Rittenour, Lincoln, NE Paul W. Reeser, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Charles J. Rivara, California Tomato Research Inst, Escalon, CA Cecília C. Rego, UTL, Lisbon, Portugal Cary Lee Rivard, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC William Reid, Kansas State Univ, Chetopa, KS Maria E. Rivas-Davila, CINVESTAV Campus Guanajuato, Ailton Reis, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico Antonia dos Reis Figueira, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Francisco Jose Rivas-Santoyo, Univ of Sonora, Hermosillo Son, Brazil Mexico Yael F. Rekah, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Carmen Rivera, Jet Box SJO 638, Miami, FL Margaret M. Rekoske, Betaseed Inc, Shakopee, MN Jose Mauricio Rivera, FHIA, San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Honduras Pieternella M. Remeeus, Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas, Univ of Puerto Rico, Boqueron, PR Netherlands Roy P. Rivers, Jr., Rivers & Rivers Urban Forestry & Arboriculture, Bobby L. Renfro, Bartlesville, OK Spring, TX Amy Replogle, Columbia, MO S. Anwar Rizvi, USDA APHIS PPQ EDP, Bowie, MD Silvia Restrepo, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia David M. Rizzo, Univ of California, Davis, CA Moshe M. Reuveni, Univ of Haifa, Kazrin, Israel Curtis W. Roane, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Christine Rey, Univ of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Rep of South Ernesto Robayo-Camacho, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Africa Jane Robb, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Patrice Rey, ENITA de Bordeaux, Gradignan, France William A. Robbins, Jr., Ag Alumni Seed Inc, Romney, IN Gregory J. Reynolds, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Daniel P. Roberts, USDA Sustainable Agricultural Systems Lab, Joe Reysack, Syngenta, Slater, IA Beltsville, MD Saeed Rezaee, PhD, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran John J. Roberts, Young Harris, GA John P. Rheeder, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Joseph A. Roberts, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Town, Rep of South Africa Pamela D. Roberts, Univ of Florida, Immokalee, FL Landon H. Rhodes, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Philip A. Roberts, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Sheikh Riazuddin, Univ of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Steven J. Roberts, Plant Health Solutions, Warwick, United Charles Rice, BASF Corp, Kennewick, WA Kingdom Jimmy R. Rich, Univ of Florida, Quincy, FL Alison E. Robertson, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Pele E. Rich, Inver Hills Community College, Apple Valley, MN Jacqueline Robertson, LeOra Software Company, Petaluma, CA Saul Rich, Hamden, CT Nancy L. Robertson, USDA ARS, Palmer, AK Claude Richard, Quebec, QC, Canada Gregg Robideau, Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON, Canada Bryce A. Richardson, Moscow, ID Philip W. Robinson, United Phosphorus Inc, Carmel, IN Katja Richert-Poeggeler, Julius Kuehn-Inst, Braunschweig, Maria Mercedes Roca, Zamorano Univ, Tegucigalpa, Honduras Germany Mario A. Rocha-Pena, INIFAP, San Nicolas de Los Garza, Nuevo Margaret G. Richey, Centre College, Danville, KY Leon, Mexico Brantlee Spakes Richter, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, William F. Rochow, Solomons, MD NC Rien Rodenburg, Pt East West Seed Indonesia, Purwakarta, Samuel F. Rickard, Jamestown, NC Indonesia Mark D. Ricker, Nunhems USA, Acampo, CA Jose Carlos V. Rodrigues, PhD, Univ of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR

108 Tatiana Tozzi Rodrigues, Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, David R. S. Rourke, Ag Quest Inc, Minto, MB, Canada Brazil Douglas I. Rouse, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Eliezer Rodrigues De Souto, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Matthew Rouse, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Maringa, Brazil Jolanda Roux, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Africa Jose Antonio Rodriguez, Har-Bro Inc, Signal Hills, CA Thierry Rouxel, INRA Versaille, Versailles, France Juan Rodriguez, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Joseph Rovito, Lassen Canyon Nursery Inc, Redding, CA Carlos H. Rodriguez Brljevich, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Randall C. Rowe, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Alma Edith Rodriguez Estrada, Penn State Univ, State College, Adib Rowhani, Univ of California, Davis, CA PA Marcia E. Roye, Univ of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica Carlos L. Rodriguez Valverde, Edificio Del Monte, San Jose, Laura Coto Royo, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica Costa Rica Daniel J. Royse, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Gerardo Rodriguez-Alvarado, IIAF-UMSNH, Morelia, Sarah Ruark, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Michoacan, Mexico Diego Rubiales, CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Dolores Rodriguez-Jurado, CIFA, Cordoba, Spain Florencia Rucks, Laboratorio de Proteccion Vegetal, Paysandu, Lina Ma Rodriguez-Salamanca, Michigan State Univ, Lansing, Uruguay MI Brad E. Ruden, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Alan P. Roelfs, Grantsburg, WI Klaus W. Rudolph, Univ Inst Pflanzenpathol, Goettingen, Jack D. Rogers, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Germany Peter M. Rogers, Nunhems USA, Brooks, OR Richard L. Ruff, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Steven Rogers, ECOSTAT Inc, Highland City, FL Gail E. Ruhl, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Richard A. Rohde, South Deerfield, MA Oscar F. Ruiz, Jr., A&L Labs, Lakeland, TN Chester N. Roistacher, Riverside, CA Eve Runno-Paurson, Jogeva Plant Breeding Inst, Tartu, Estonia Alejandro Rojas, Univ De Los Andes, Bobota, Colombia John C. Rupe, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Maria Del Pilar Rojas Barros, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Earl G. Ruppel, Fort Collins, CO Mathieu Benoit Rolland, INRA, Le Rheu, France Charles M. Rush, Texas A&M Agric Experiment Station, Jeffrey A. Rollins, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Bushland, TX Philippe E. Rolshausen, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Milton C. Rush, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Gianfranco Romanazzi, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Kyle W. Rushing, INCOTEC, Salinas, CA Italy John S. Russin, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Megan K. Romberg, Fairfax, VA Nicole L. Russo, PhD, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Ronald A. Romero, Chiquita Brands Intl, Miami, FL Vincent M. Russo, USDA ARS SCARL, Lane, OK Bibiana Andrea Romero Agray, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Chia, Richard S. Rutherford, South African Sugar Assn, KZNatal, Rep Colombia of South Africa Javier A. Romero-Cano, INIA, Inst Nal Investigac Agrarias, Alicia K. Ruvalcaba, Soil & Plant Laboratory, Whittier, CA Madrid, Spain Myrian A. Rybak, INTA, Leandro N. Alem, Argentina Robert W. Romig, Trigen Seed LLC, Bloomington, MN Marietta J. Ryba-White, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Lia B. Ronco, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina Malcolm J. Ryley, Queensland Dept of Primary Industries, Suzanne N. Rooney-Latham, California Dept of Food & Toowoomba, Australia Agriculture, Sacramento, CA Pavel Rysanek, Czech Univ of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Mary Caroline Roper, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Ki Hyun Ryu, Seoul Women’s Univ, Seoul, Korea Ines Marlene Rosales Villavicencio, INIA, Santiago, Chile Adib T. Saad, American Univ of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Dan Y. Rosenberg, Sacramento, CA Mohamed Ali M. Saad El-Din, Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt David A. Rosenberger, Cornell University, Highland, NY Sead Sabanadzovic, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Staci A. Rosenberger, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Siva Sabaratnam, BC Ministry of Agriculture & Lands, Eugene E. Rosenkranz, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, Abbotsford, BC, Canada MS Marc Sabourin, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Noah Rosenzweig, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Gene R. Safir, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI David C. Ross, Syngenta Professional Products, Greensboro, NC Uma Shankar Sagaram, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL R. G. Ross, Wolfville, NS, Canada Victor G. Sahakian, Monrovia Nursery Co, Dayton, OR Robin E. Ross, Acadian Sea Plants LLC, Monroe, NC Futoshi Sakuma, Snow Brand Seed Co. Ltd., Hokkaido, Japan Vittorio Rossi, Univ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy Saideh Salamati, Midt-Norsk Plantevern, Trondheim, Norway Erin N. Rosskopf, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL Bacilio Salas, USDA APHIS, Edinburg, TX Amy Y. Rossman, USDA ARS SMML, Beltsville, MD Raquel Salati, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, San Juan Bautista, CA Joseph Rotem, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Luis F. Salazar, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Dorith Rotenberg, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Amgad A. Saleh, PhD, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Frederick Roth, California State Polytech Univ, Pomona, CA Mohammad Salehi, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, Craig S Rothrock, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Iran Mike Rott, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Canada Nida M. Salem, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Philippe Rott, CIRAD UMR BGPI, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Jose M. Salleras, Sevilla, Spain Tatiana V. Roubtsova, Univ of California, Davis, CA Deborah A. Samac, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN

109 Jorge Samaniego, Asistec, Quito, Ecuador Daniel L. Schadler, Oglethorpe Univ, Atlanta, GA Ramasamy Samiyappan, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Hans-Jakob Schaerer, Zeiningen CH, Switzerland Coimbatore, India Mark Schall, Pennsylvania State University, Spring Mills, PA Ramaiah K. Sampangi, Univ of Idaho, Parma, ID Charles W. Schaller, Univ of California, Davis, CA Timmy D. Samuels, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Christopher L. Schardl, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Michael J. San Francisco, Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX Albert L. Scharen, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Blanca San Segundo, CONSORCIO CSCI-IRTA, Barcelona, Robert F. Scharpf, Placerville, CA Spain Heather J. Scheck, County of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA Nelly Sanabria De Albarracin, Univ of Central Venezuela, Kay Scheets, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Maracay, Venezuela Rudy J. Scheffer, Ruud Scheffer BV, Almere, Netherlands Stephen Martin Sanborn, PhD, Syngenta, Middleton, WI Richard D. Schein, State College, PA Frank V. Sances, Pacific Ag Research, San Luis Obispo, CA Mark A. Schell, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Jose Sanchez, Universidad De Almería, Almería, Spain N. C. Schenck, Melbourne, FL Kristi Rosanne Sanchez, Univ of California, Davis, CA Susan Schenck, Aiea, HI Maria Julia Sanchez Pena, Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO Harald Scherm, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Victor M. Sanchez-Sava, INCOTEC Holding, Enkhuizen, Dorothy E. Schild, PhD, Parkwood, QLD, Australia Netherlands Annemiek C. Schilder, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Gary A. Sandahl, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Charles T. Schiller, Arysta LifeScience North America, Cary, NC Curtis L. Sandberg, Chemtura Corp, Elk Grove, CA Jonathan S. Schilling, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Randy S. Sanderlin, Louisiana State Univ, Shreveport, LA David A. Schisler, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Robert D. Sanders, Agric Consultant, Chico, CA Lee C. Schisler, State College, PA Peter G. Sanderson, Pace International LLC, Wenatchee, WA Daniel Schlatter, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Craig M. Sandlin, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Gilroy, CA David E. Schlegel, Moraga, CA Craig A. Sandoski, Collierville, TN Robert L. Schlub, Univ of Guam, Mangilao, GU David C. Sands, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT David G. Schmale, III, VPI SU, Blacksburg, VA Somsiri Sangchote, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Linda Schmale, Society of American Florists, Alexandria, VA Yoshitaka Sano, Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan Timothy F. Schmalz, State of Vermont, Waterbury, VT Soumaila Sanogo, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Jessica Schmidt, Federal Univ of Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Jose H. Santa Cruz Hidalgo, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Leigh Shirley Schmidt, USDA ARS CPGRU, Davis, CA Nunzio G. Santacroce, Gresham, OR Robert A. Schmidt, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Luisa Ines Santamaria, Tennessee State Univ, McMinnville, TN Donald P. Schmitt, Marceline, MO Victor Santiago, Texcoco, Mexico Roger A. Schmitt, Del Monte Corp, Walnut Creek, CA Paul F. Santos, Soil & Plant Laboratory, Riverside, CA Hans Schmitz, Wadesville, IN Maria Santos-Cervantes, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Guido Schnabel, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Mexico William C. Schnathorst, Lab for Vascular Plant Disease, Davis, Debanjan Sanyal, Monsanto Co, Monmouth, IL CA Duraisamy Saravanakumar, Univ of Torino, Grugliasco (To), Katherine T. Schneider, Natl Biodefense Analysis & Italy Countermeasures Ctr, Frederick, MD Kamal Sardashti, Kaarst, Germany Kevin Schneider, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI David B. Sauer, Grand Lake, CO Raymond W. Schneider, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Salem Saumtally, Mauritius Sugar Ind Res Inst, Reduit, Mauritius William Schneider, USDA ARS, Fort Detrick, MD Serge S. Savary, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Barbara A. Schoedel, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Manila, Philippines Ulrich A. Schoefl, BASF AG, Limburgerhof, Germany Barry Saville, Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON, Canada James E. Schoelz, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Michael A. Savka, Rochester Inst of Technology, Rochester, NY Donald F. Schoeneweiss, Sarasota, FL Sandra Savocchia, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Herman B. Scholthof, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Australia Karen-Beth G. Scholthof, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Kenzo Sawamura, Ibaraki-ken, Japan Uwe Michael Scholz, IFA - Tulln, Tulln, Austria Ram Parkash Sawhney, AGRI BIOS, Delhi, India Brenda K. Scholz-Schroeder, Washington State Univ, Pullman, Haruki Sayama, Nippon Del Monte Corp, Numata Gumma, WA Japan Calvin L. Schoulties, Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC Adda C. Sayers, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Stephen M. Schraer, Syngenta Crop Protection, Meridian, ID Hikmet H. Saygili, E U Ziraat Fakultesi, Bornova Izmir, Turkey Kurtis L. Schroeder, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA Ron J. Sayler, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Milton N. Schroth, University of California, Berkeley, Orinda, Maria M. Scandiani, Lab Agricola Rio Parana, San Pedro, BS, CA Argentina Timothy S. Schubert, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Norman W. Schaad, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD Gainesville, FL Arthur Schaafsma, Univ of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada Andrew C. Schuerger, Univ of Florida, Kennedy Space Center, FL Gabriele Schachermayr, EPFL RI RI-VP CO, Lausanne, Joseph F. Schuh, BASF, Raleigh, NC Switzerland Matthew Schuler, Bio-Cat Microbials, Troy, VA

110 Diana C. Schultz, SWFREC, UF-IFAS Immokalee, Fort Myers, Esther S. Serrano, USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CHRP, Plantation, FL FL Martina Seruga Music, Univ of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Carl P. Schulze, Jr., New Jersey Dept of Agric, Trenton, NJ Derek Settle, Chicago District Golf Association, Lemont, IL Gail L. Schumann, Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI Alison Seyb, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Tian Schutte, Citrus Research Intl, Mpumalanga, Rep of South Lorraine M. Seymour, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Africa Murat Seyran, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Katia Schwan-Estrada, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Peter M. Sforza, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Brazil Yasser M. Shabana, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt Kurt A. Schwartau, Advan LLC, Davis, CA William H. Shaffer, Jr., Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Denis A. Shah, Lewiston, NY Kimberly A. Schwartzburg, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST Louis Shain, Lexington, KY PERAL, Raleigh, NC Bassam Michael Shammo, Valent Biosciences Corp, Long Grove, Michael R. Schwarz, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC IL Jack C. Schwegmann, Alameda, CA Simon F. Shamoun, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Fred W. Schwenk, Manhattan, KS Canada Kathryn Schweri, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Henry L. Shands, Fort Collins, CO Mark W. Schwinghamer, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, William W. Shane, Michigan State Univ, Benton Harbor, MI Calala, NSW, Australia Gregory E. Shaner, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Casey Sclar, Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA Emroy L. Shannon, Las Cruces, NM Erika Scocco, Athens, GA Min Shao, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Steven R. Scofield, USDA ARS, West Lafayette, IN China Layla E. Sconyers, Landis International Inc, Valdosta, GA Bahram Sharifnabi, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan I.R., Iran Jason Scott, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Rajan Sharma, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India Kenneth J. Scott, Univ of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Dipak Sharma Poudyal, Washington State University, Pullman, Paul Scott, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS WA Bonnie L. Seaberg, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Brian D. Shaw, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Earl A. Sealy, Lynn Univ, Boca Raton, FL David C. Shaw, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR W. Lloyd Seaman, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, John G. Shaw, Lexington, KY Canada Michael Shaw, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada Beth Sears, United Phosphorus Inc, King of Prussia, PA Michael W. Shaw, Univ of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Dale S Seaton, ELSEVIER, Amsterdam, Netherlands Bryan L. Shearer, Dept of Environment & Conservation, Como, Amadou Seck, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Australia Gary A. Secor, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Judy F. Shearer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS Kenneth W. Seebold, Jr., Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Hunthrike Shekar Shetty, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, Tina Seeland, MN Dept of Agric Plant Protection Div, St Paul, India MN Hongyan S. Sheng, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Robert C. Seem, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY M. Claire Shephard, Clarindon Consultancy, Maidenhead Berks, Erich Seemueller, Biologische Bundesanstalt, Dossenheim, United Kingdom Germany Lisa M. Shepherd, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Juan Segarra Bofarull, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain James L. Sherald, Center for Urban Ecology, Washington, DC Amogelang T. Segwagwe, Botswana College of Agriculture, John E. Sherwood, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Gaborone, Botswana John L. Sherwood, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Om Sehgal, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Robert T. Sherwood, State College, PA Dallas L. Seifers, Kansas State Univ, Hays, KS Wally H. Sheta, USDA, Goldenrod, FL Teresa E Seijo, Univ of Florida - GCREC IFAS, Wimauma, FL Kiran K. Shetty, Syngenta Crop Protection, Durham, NH Nicholas Sekora, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Barbara B. Shew, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Anni Self, Tennessee Dept of Agric, Nashville, TN H. David Shew, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Raymond L. Self, Fairhope, AL Xiangyang Shi, Univ of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA Dija Selimi, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Kuo Shiang Hung, Taipei City, Taiwan Rep of China Ernest A. Sellers, Sellers, Prevatt & Robertson, Live Oak, FL Patrick J. Shiel, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Jean Semal, Fac Sciences Agronomique, Gembloux, Belgium Hsin-Der Shih, Taiwan Agricultural Institute, Taichung, Taiwan Shawn W. Semones, Novozymes Biologicals Inc, Salem, VA Rep of China Arun K. Sen, Davis, CA Won-Bo Shim, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Venkatesan Sengoda Gounder, Washington State Univ, Yakima, Hussein Ali Shimelis, Univ of Limpopo, Polokwane, Limpopo, WA Southwest Africa Jeong Woo Seo, Natl Plant Quarantine Service, Seoul, South Junko Shimizu, Univ of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Japan Korea Gil-Ho Shin, Jares, Naju, South Korea Young-Su Seo, Univ of California, Davis, CA James M. Shine, Jr., Sugar Cane Growers Coop, Belle Glade, FL Luis Sequeira, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Michael H. Shintaku, Univ of Hawaii, Hilo, HI Takashi Sera, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan

111 Habibullah Shinwari, E. S. Crop Consultant Ltd, Burnaby, BC, Uday Singh, Namdhari Seeds PVT LTD, Bangalore, India Canada Larry L. Singleton, Stillwater, OK Hiroshi Shiomi, Takii Plant Breed Exp Station, Shiga, Japan Judith P. Sinn, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Tomonori Shiraishi, Okayama Univ, Okayama, Japan Scott J. Sinn, Nunhems USA Inc, Brooks, OR Gautam Shirsekar, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Brent S. Sipes, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Masahiro Shishido, Chiba Univ, Matsudo-City, Japan Tara M. Sirvent, Vanguard Unniversity, Costa Mesa, CA Nina Shishkoff, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Frederick, MD Hugh D. Sisler, Beltsville, MD Hakeem Olalekan Shittu, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Adam Sisson, Iowa State Univ, Gilbert, IA Eli H. Shlevin, Kibbutz Saad, Mobile Post Hanegev, Israel Jerry W. Sitton, Star, ID Paul B. Shoemaker, North Carolina State Univ, Fletcher, NC Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, Univ of Western Australia, Peter L. Sholberg, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Nedlands, Australia Canada Mani Skaria, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Dylan Short, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA John M. Skelly, Mineral, VA Gerald E. Short, Univ of Saint Francis, Fort Wayne, IN Darroll D. Skilling, Roseville, MN Walter C. Shortle, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH Linnea G. Skoglund, Busch Agricultural Resources Inc, Fort Barry J. Shortt, Divergence Inc, St Louis, MO Collins, CO Joseph W. Showalter, Scientists Cliffs, Port Republic, MD Calvin B. Skotland, Prosser, WA Surya L. Shrestha, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Steven A. Slack, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Stephanie Shryock, Stillwater, OK Tara L. Slaminko, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Dan Shtienberg, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Patricia Slininger, USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL Lo Shu Chen, Yung Ho, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Stephanie L. Slinski, Univ of California, Davis, CA Dharma D. Shukla, Sunshine, VIC, Australia John T. Slykhuis, Summerland, BC, Canada Malcolm C. Shurtleff, Pearland, TX William A. Small, Ferguson, MO Lokesh Siddalingaiah, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India Christine D. Smart, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Zakaria Sidek, Univ Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Viggo Smedegaard-Petersen, Naerum, Denmark Nadir Sidiqi, Laverne, CA Joseph L. Smilanick, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Peggy J. Sieburth, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Winter E. Thomas Smiley, Bartlett Tree Research Lab, Charlotte, NC Haven, FL Richard W. Smiley, Oregon State Univ, Pendleton, OR Malcolm R. Siegel, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Adreinne Smith, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Sidney R. Siemer, Siemer & Assoc Inc, Spokane, WA Barbara J. Smith, USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS Roberto Sierra, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Carrie Smith, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Pierre A. Signoret, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, Cedex 01, Cheryl A. Smith, Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH France Damon L. Smith, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Kamaruzama Sijam, Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia David A. Smith, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Edward J. Sikora, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Denise R. Smith, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Richard A. Sikora, Univ of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Donald H. Smith, Dallas, TX Adam J. Silagyi, USDA APHIS PPQ CAPS, Gainesville, FL F. Davis ‘Tad’ Smith, AgraQuest Inc, Davis, CA Matt J. Silbernagel, Grandview, WA Ian W. Smith, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia Edison Silva, FIADE CINCAE, Guayaquil, Ecuador J. Powell Smith, CUCES-Lexington County, Lexington, SC Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas, Colegio De Postgraduados, Edo De Jason A. Smith, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Mexico, Mexico Kent L. Smith, Edgewater, MD Laura Silva-Rosales, Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico Kevin P. Smith, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Alexandre Furtado Silveira Mello, Oklahoma State Univ, Larry D. Smith, LS Consulting Services LLC, Mentor, OH Stillwater, OK Larry J. Smith, Univ of Idaho, Lewiston, ID Susan T. Sim, Univ of California, Davis, CA Mary A. Smith, North Carolina A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC A. David Sime, PhD, Mycobiotics LLC, Santa Rosa, CA R. Stewart Smith, EMD Crop BioScience Inc, Milwaukee, WI Michael Simini, U.S. Army ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Gnd, MD Samuel H. Smith, Seattle, WA Gary W. Simone, Corbett, OR Sherrie E. Smith, Univ of Arkansas Coop Ext Office, Lonoke, AR Marr D. Simons, Litchfield Park, AZ Shirley N. Smith, Alameda, CA James B. Sinclair, University of Illinois, Savoy, IL Victoria L. Smith, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, New Haven, Wayne A. Sinclair, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY CT Dharmendra Kumar Singh, Penn State Univ, University Park, William H. Smith, Yale University, Center Harbor, NH PA Margaret L. Smither-Kopperl, USDA APHIS PPQ, Seatac, WA Pawan Kumar Singh, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Baruch Sneh, Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel Raghuwinder Singh, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Richard A. Sniezko, PhD, USDA FS Dorena GRC, Cottage Ravi P. Singh, CIMMYT, Mexico DF, Mexico Grove, OR Rudra P. Singh, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Karen L. Snover-Clift, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Canada Glenn A. Snow, Long Beach, MS Surat Singh, Indian Oil Employee’s Sahkari Samiti Ltd, Noida, Eduardo Manuel Soares Guerreiro, Colos, Portugal UP, India Bruno W. Sobral, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA

112 Kay Softley, S-Arrow Inc, Lincoln, NE Michael S. Stanghellini, TriCal Inc, Hollister, CA Michael D. Soika, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Glen R. Stanosz, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Nemat Sokhandan Bashir, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Richard C. Staples, Ithaca, NY Maria Soledad Benitez, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH James J. Stapleton, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Mohammad Javad Soleimani, Michigan State Univ, East Dale A. Starkey, USDA Forest Service, Pineville, LA Lansing, MI Marc St-Arnaud, Inst De Recherche En Biologie Vegetale, Halvor Solheim, Norwegian Forest & Landscape Inst, Aas, Montreal, QC, Canada Norway Mira Starovic, Inst for Plant Protection & Env, Belgrade, Fed Rep Shauna C. Somerville, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA of Yugoslavia Noel F. Sommer, Univ of California, Davis, CA James L. Starr, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Teruo Sone, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Japan William D. Starrett, Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS Congfeng Song, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep Theodore H. Staub, Riehen, Switzerland of China Alfredo D. Stauffer, Univ Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion, Jeong Young Song, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Paraguay Jing Song, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH J. Rennie Stavely, Silver Spring, MD Ruiqing Song, Northeast Forestry Univ, Harbin, Peoples Rep of James R. Steadman, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE China Karl C. Steddom, Texas Cooperative Extension, Overton, TX Wen-Yuan Song, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Jana Stedman, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Pattavipha Songkumarn, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Brian J. Steffenson, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Ronald M. Sonoda, El Cerrito, CA Jeffrey M. Stein, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Ramesh V. Sonti, Centre Cellular & Molecular Biol, Hyderabad, Christian Steinberg, INRA, Dijon Cedex, France India Mark D. Steinberg, Whaley & Steinberg, Coarsegold, CA Sushma G. Sood, Royal Palm Beach, FL Todd A. Steinlage, Univ of Illinois, Champaign, IL Jiraphan Sopee, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand Drake C. Stenger, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Coralie R. Sopher, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Sebastian A. Stenglein, Univ Nacional Del Centro, Azul, Mark R. Sosnowski, SARDI, Adelaide, Australia Argentina Maria J. Soto, Donald Danforth Plant Science Ctr, St Louis, MO Arne Stensvand, Bioforsk Norwegian Inst of Agric & Env Res, Aas, Jose Pablo Soto-Arias, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Norway Alejandra Soto-Estrada, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Danny J. Stephens, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Carroll J. Southards, Maryville, TN Jan L. Stephens, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Gabriela Sovarel, Charlottesville, VA Paul A. Stephens, Pioneer Hi-Bred, Princeton, IL Elias Sowley, Univ for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana Kenneth Charles Stetina, USDA ARS SWSRU, Stoneville, MS V. James Spadafora, FMC Corp, Princeton, NJ Salliana R. Stetina, USDA ARS CG&PRU, Stoneville, MS Pauline O. Spaine, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA Clauzell Stevens, Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee Univ, AL Donald H. Spalding, Homosassa, FL Mikel R. Stevens, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Adam H. Sparks, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Katherine L. Stevenson, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Suzanne Spencer, North Carolina Dept of Agric & Cons Svc, Walter R. Stevenson, Madison, WI Raleigh, NC Elwin L. Stewart, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA David W. Sperling, Empire Seed, Parish, NY Jane Stewart, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Sara Spiegel, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Lucy R. Stewart, Univ of California, Davis, CA Harold A. Spiegel, Jr., Preservation Tree Services Inc, Dallas, TX Silvina M. Stewart, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Oren W. Spilker, Reynoldsburg, OH Terry M. Stewart, Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand Roberta Spitko, New England Fruit Consultants, Montague, MA Ward C. Stienstra, Tenison, MI Natalie Spivey, Duke Univ, Durham, NC Carol M. Stiles, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Robert A. Spotts, Mid-Columbia Agric Res & Ext Ctr, Hood Robert Stipanovic, USDA ARS, College Station, TX River, OR R. Jay Stipes, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Harvey W. Spurr, Jr., North Carolina State Univ, Oxford, NC Virginia O. Stockwell, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Aswathy Sreedharan, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Vera Stojsin, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia And Malinee Sriariyanun, Univ of California, Davis, CA Montenegro Sunee Srisink, Department of Agriculture, Suphanburi, Thailand Jessica L. Stolze-Rybczynski, Oxford, OH Krishna Prasad Srivastava, Pitampura, Delhi, India Jeffrey K. Stone, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR James P. Stack, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS William J. Stone, Hunt, TX Robert W. Stack, Scottsboro, AL William F. Stoneman, W. F. Stoneman Co, McFarland, WI Robert E. Stall, Gainesville, FL Martin F. Stoner, Pomona, CA William J. Stambaugh, Durham, NC Henrik U. Stotz, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Rio Stamler, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Jens Stougaard, Univ of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark Gerd Stammler, BASF AG, Limburgerhof, Germany Larry J. Stowell, PACE Turfgrass Research Inst, San Diego, CA Richard R. Stange, Jr., USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL Sam Stoxen, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Hanane Stanghellini, Hollister, CA Carl A. Strausbaugh, USDA ARS NWISRL, Kimberly, ID Michael E. Stanghellini, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Vittorio Mario Stravato, Fondi, Italy

113 Stephen E. Strelkov, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Mark W. Sutherland, Univ of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, David L. Strider, Lady Lake, FL QLD, Australia Bruce Stripling, FMC Corp, Sparks, GA John C. Sutton, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Erik L. Stromberg, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Turner B. Sutton, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Christine Struck, Univ of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Chester L. Sutula, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Richard E. Stuckey, Surprise, AZ Fumihiko Suzuki, KONARC, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan Michael J. Stukely, Dept of Environment & Conservation, Bentley Jon Y. Suzuki, USDA ARS PWA, Hilo, HI DC, Australia Kazumi Suzuki, Shiga Kenritsu Daigaku, Shiga, Japan Roy V. Sturgeon, Jr., Plant Health Services, Stillwater, OK Antonet M. Svircev, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Donald L. Stuteville, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Station, ON, Canada Jean C. Stutz, Arizona State Univ, Mesa, AZ Petr Svoboda, Hop Research Inst Co Ltd, Zatec, Czech Republic Hai Su, Univ of California, Davis, CA Kalleshwara Swamy C. M., Univ of Agricultural Science of Hong Ji Su, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Bangalore, Bangalore Karnataka, India Carmen Suarez-Capello, Technical Univ of Quevedo, Quevedo, George Swank, Portage, MI los rios, Ecuador William H. Swanson, Skagit Farmers Supply, Stanwood, WA Krishna V. Subbarao, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Wijnand J. Swart, Univ of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Rep of Nagendra Subedi, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH South Africa Cristita Verna Subere, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Mark W. Sweetingham, Dept of Agriculture & Food, Bentley Milorad Subic, Mursko Sredisce, Croatia Delivery Centre, Australia Mysore R. Sudarshana, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA Laura E. Sweets, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Padmalatha Sudarshana, USDA APHIS PPQ PHP, Beltsville, Cassandra L. Swett, Univ of California, Davis, CA MD Curtis E. Swift, PhD, Grand Junction, CO Hari Kishan Sudini, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Virginia Sykes, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA Tarkus Suganda, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Jerzy Syller, Plant Breed & Acclimatization Inst, Mlochow, Poland David Sugar, Oregon State Univ, Medford, OR Carolyn Syphrit, Nichino America Inc, Wilmington, DE Koya Sugawara, PhD, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Ryan L. Syverson, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Sung-Oui Suh, ATCC, Manassas, VA Les J. Szabo, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Serenella A. Sukno, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Abraham Sztejnberg, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Patrice Suleman, Kuwait Univ, El Safat, Kuwait Masanobu Tabata, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Iwate, Japan Melinda J. Sullivan, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Fort Collins, Ruth A. Taber, Texas A & M University, Lavale, MD CO Willard A. Taber, Texas A & M University, Lavale, MD Raymond F. Sullivan, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Hideo Tachibana, Ames, IA Viqar Sultana, Univ of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Adel Zekri Tadrous, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt Charles W. Sulzbach, Pullman, WA Masatoki Taga, Okayama Univ, Okayama, Japan Michael A. Sulzinski, Univ of Scranton, Scranton, PA Tapashree Tah, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Brett A. Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, NSW, Yin-Shan Tai, Fargo, ND Australia Frank H. Tainter, Central, SC Charles G. Summers, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Larry H. Taitelbaum, Opti-Sciences Inc, Hudson, NH Donald R. Sumner, Tifton, GA Monilola A. Taiwo, Univ of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria En-Jang Sun, National Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Johanna E. Takach, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Fengcheng Sun, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Makoto Takakuwa, Sapporo, Japan Canada Toshiaki Takehara, Natl Agric Res Ctr West Region, Fukuyama, Hui Sun, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Guangzhou, Hiroshima, Japan Peoples Rep of China Shigehito Takenaka, Natl Agric Res Ctr for Hokkaido Region, Qihong Sun, Univ of Maryland, Rockville, MD Hokkaido, Japan Wenxian Sun, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Minoru Takeshita, Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan Xiaoan Sun, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Gainesville, FL Yuichi Takikawa, Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka, Japan Yongliang Sun, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Hope Talbert, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Leif Sundheim, Bioforsk, Aas, Norway Allison H. Tally, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Daniel R. Sundin, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI James T. Tambong, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, George W. Sundin, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Canada Garry Sunter, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX Ljiljana (Lily) Tamburic-Ilincic, Univ of Guelph, Ridgetown, L. M. Suresh, Seminis Vegetable Seeds (India) Ltd, Maharastra, ON, Canada India Lucius Tamm, FIBL, Frick, Switzerland James Susaimuthu, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, James F. Tammen, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Ardmore, OK Neil H. Tan Gana, Ateneo de Manila Univ, Quezon City, Karen G. Suslow, Hines Horticulture Inc, Winters, CA Philippines Trevor V. Suslow, Univ of California, Davis, CA Minoru Tanaka, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan Jack R. Sutherland, Victoria, BC, Canada Shuhei Tanaka, Yamaguchi Univ, Yamaguchi, Japan Eugenia Tang, Urbana, IL

114 Ji-Liang Tang, Guangxi Univ Life Science College, Nanning Piyrat Thammakijjawat, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Guangxi, Peoples Rep of China Constantine C. Thanassoulopoulos, Athens, Greece Wei Tang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Niphone Thaveechai, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Weihua Tang, Shanghai Inst of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Thanuja Thekke Veetil, Univ of Illinois, Champaign, IL Shanghai, Peoples Rep of China Sandra Thibivilliers, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Xiaoyan Tang, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Judy A. Thies, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Philippe Tanguay, Canadian Forest Service, Quebec, QC, Canada Vasanth Kumar Thimakapura, Green Lifescience Technologies Pvt Edna Tanne, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Ltd, Mysore, India Brankica Tanovic, Pesticide & Environment Research Inst, Julia Thissen, Athenix Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Belgrade, Serbia Carla S. Thomas, Univ of California, Davis, CA William B. Tappan, Quincy, FL Charles A. Thomas, San Antonio, TX Jayanta Tarafdar, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Claude E. Thomas, Charleston, SC Kalyani, India Darryl L. Thomas, Goldsmith Seeds Inc, Gilroy, CA Pierre Tardif, Bluecocos, Santa Cruz, CA David Thomas, Syngenta Crop Protection, Monticello, IL Athar Tariq, CA Dept Food AGR, Sacramento, CA Denise D. Thomas, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Raymond J. Tarleton, Oro Valley, AZ Garfield G. Thomas, BASF Corporation, Chesapeake City, MD Javlon Tashpulatov, Institute of Microbiology, Tashkent, H. Rex Thomas, Berkeley, CA Uzbekistan Samantha Thomas, PhD, Seminis Vegetable Seed, Woodland, CA Nenad Tatalovic, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Sara Thomas, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Satyanarayana Tatineni, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Stephen H. Thomas, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Terry A. Tattar, Univ of Massachusetts, Punta Gorda, FL Varghese Philip Thomas, Univ of California, Davis, CA Ahmed Tayfour, Stamford, CT Walter D. Thomas, Martinez, CA Jeremey H. Taylor, Monsanto, Chesterfield, MO Linda S. Thomashow, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA John M. Taylor, Potomac, MD Brian Thomassen, Tessenderlo Kerley Inc, Phoenix, AZ Josephine Taylor, Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX David C. Thompson, Rutgers Univ, Princeton, NJ Moray C. Taylor, Central Science Lab, York, United Kingdom Jeffrey A. Thompson, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Mascoutah, IL Nancy J. Taylor, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Julia W. Thompson, Missouri Dept of Agric, Jefferson City, MO David O. Te Beest, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Jill R. Thomson, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Dennis Te Beest, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hert, United Sherman V. Thomson, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Kingdom William T. Thomson, Monterey Chemical, Fresno, CA David S. Teakle, Univ of Queensland, Queensland, Australia David W. Thornbury, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Eric C. Tedford, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Alyson B. Thornton, Harris Moran Seed Co, Sun Prairie, WI Tesfaye Tedla, USDA APHIS PPQ, Hawthorne, CA Brenda C. Thornton, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Robert S. Tegg, Tasmanian Inst of Agric Research, Newtown, TAS, Holly A. Thornton, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Australia R. L. Thornton, McDonough, GA Andrej Tekauz, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Daniel J. Thorpe, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Canada Shaijal Babu Thru Ppoyil, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Daniel Teliz Ortiz, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Mike Thurow, Spectrum Technologies Inc, Plainfield, IL Mexico H. David Thurston, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Julio C. Tello Marquina, Univ of Almeria, Almeria, Spain Bill D. Thyr, Reno, NV Todd N. Temple, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Bin Tian, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Matthew D. Templeton, Hort and Food Research Inst, Auckland, Fang Tian, Lincoln, NE New Zealand Miaoying Tian, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Paula F. Tennant, Univ of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica Shimin Tian, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Rogerio P. Tenreiro, Univ Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Peoples Rep of China Albert U. Tenuta, Ontario Ministry of Agric & Food, Ridgetown, Shiping Tian, Inst of Botany, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China ON, Canada Tongyan Tian, California Dept of Food & Agriculture, Mark Tepfer, I.C.G.E.B. Biosafety Outstation, Ca Tron Di Sacramento, CA Roncade, TV, Italy Timothy E. Tidwell, California Dept of Food & Agric, Tohru Teraoka, PhD, Tokyo Univ of Agric & Tech, Fuchu, Tokyo, Sacramento, CA Japan Michael G. Tiffany, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Katie Elizabeth Termer, Green Cove Springs, FL Richard M. Tiffer, Orange County Agriculture Comm, Anaheim, Nobuyuki Terouchi, Otsuma Women’s Univ, Tokyo, Japan CA Dauri Tessmann, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Brazil L. W. Timmer, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Beth L. Teviotdale, Selma, CA Patricia Timper, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA Jacob Tewalt, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Ned A. Tisserat, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Jalpa P. Tewari, Edmonton, AB, Canada Eleftherios C. Tjamos, Agric Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece Ram P. Thakur, ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India Steven A. Tjosvold, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Watsonville, Foong-Yee Tham, Nanyang Technological Univ, Singapore, CA Singapore Jane L. Tobin, Seattle, WA

115 Takeshi Toda, PhD, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Pamela W. Tsao, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Abdel Mohsen Tohamy, PhD, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Peter H. Tsao, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Alexandria, Egypt Jwu-Guh Tsay, Natl Chiayi Univ, Chiayi, Taiwan Rep of China Motoaki Tojo, Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sakai, Japan Arnold T. Tschanz, USDA APHIS PPQ PHP PRIM, Riverdale, Robert W. Toler, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX MD Sue A. Tolin, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis, Agric Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece Maria Tomaso-Peterson, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, Leah L. Tsror, Agric Research Organization, MP Negev, Israel MS Kenichi Tsuchiya, Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan Zeljko Tomic, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Zagreb, Shinya Tsuda, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Croatia Seiji Tsuge, PhD, Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan Tsuyoshi Tomihama, Kagoshima Inst for Agric Development, Takashi Tsuge, Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Nagoya, Japan Kagoshima, Japan Clement K.M. Tsui, Department of Forest Science, The Univ. of Gail S. Tomimatsu, US EPA, Vienna, VA British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada W. M. Brian Toole, Wheathheart Manufacturing, Saskatoon, SK, Jun Tsuji, Siena Heights Univ, Adrian, MI Canada Masako Tsujimoto Noguchi, Natl Inst Agro Environmental Paul W. Tooley, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Juan A. Tores, CSIC, Malaga, Spain Shinji Tsuyumu, Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka, Japan Cruz P. Torres, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Jun Tu, Univ of Texas At San Antonio, San Antonio, TX Rene Leonardo Torres, Sr., Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Kayimbi M. Tubajika, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Chile, Santiago, Chile Pavani G. Tumbalam, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Gertrude A. Torto-Alalibo, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Berna TUNALI, Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Kurupelit, Samsun, Tania Y. Toruno, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Turkey Yukio Tosa, Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Elena Turco, PhD, Plant Protection Inst, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Hala Toubia-Rahme, Tulln, Austria William W. Turechek, USDA ARS SAA SPP, Fort Pierce, FL Vicky Toussaint, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, St Jean Richelieu, B. Gillian Turgeon, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY QC, Canada Cafer Turgut, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Peter J. Toves, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Massimo Turina, Istituto Di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, Torino, Italy Gabriel W. Towers, Target Specialty Products, Temple, AZ Thomas A. Turini, Madera, CA Kazuhiro Toyoda, Okayama Univ, Okayama, Japan T. Kelly Turkington, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Frances Trail, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Canada Tuan Tran, CCIC(NA) Laboratory, Glendale, CA Diane A. Turner, NC Cooperative Extension, Hendersonville, NC Antonio Trapero-Casas, Univ de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Jay Turner, IV, Arysta LifeScience, Olive Branch, MS James A. Traquair, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Patti A. Turner, Crompton Corp / CIE, Guelph, ON, Canada Canada Stuart A. Turner, Turner & Co Inc, West Richland, WA Eduardo J. Traut, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Woodland, CA Losenge Turoop, Jomo Kenyatta Univ of Agric & Technology, James W. Travis, Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA Nairobi, Kenya Lane P. Tredway, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Bui Cach Tuyen, Univ of Agric & Forestry, Ho Chi Minh City, Linda M. Treeful, St Paul, MN Vietnam Larry E. Trevathan, O’Fallon, MO Russell J. Tweddell, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Robert N. Trigiano, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN B. G. Tweedy, Cobden, IL Savarni Tripathi, USDA ARS, Univ of Hawaii, Hilo, HI Elizabeth N. Twieg, USDA APHIS CPHST, Beltsville, MD Lindsay R. Triplett, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Paul G. Twigg, Univ of Nebraska, Kearney, NE Kenneth L. Tripp, Norfolk, MA Mathias Twizeyimana, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Aaron F. Trippe, Oregon Dept of Agriculture, Salem, OR Brett M. Tyler, Virginia Bioinformatics Inst, Blacksburg, VA Jacqueline Trojan, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Gregory L. Tylka, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Jane C. Trolinger, Yoder Brothers Inc, Alva, FL Ludmila V. Tytova, Inst of Microbiology and Virology, Kyiv, Anne Marte Tronsmo, Norwegian Univ of Life Sciences, Aas, Ukraine Norway Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Arne Tronsmo, UMB, Aas, Norway Shean-Shong Tzean, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of Florent Pierre Trouillas, Univ of California, Davis, CA China Joseph L. Troutman, Hilltop Lakes, TX Dean D. Tzeng, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep Eduardo E. Trujillo, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI of China Kathi Trujillo, Bozeman, MT Janice Y. Uchida, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Federico Trujillo Viramontes, Hidroponia Maya, Quintana Roo, Raymond S. Uchida, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Mexico Asako Uchiyama, Cornell Univ, Manlius, NY Lori Trummer, USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, AK Wakar Uddin, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Erkki Truve, Tallinn Univ of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Shoko Ueki, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY Chi-Wei Tsai, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Seiji Uematsu, So PHI ( Danchi Engei Kenkyusho), Chiba-Ken, James H. Tsai, Plantation, FL Japan Dimitris S. Tsaltas, Cyprus Univ of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus

116 Bernardo B. Ueno, EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, James L. Van Etten, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Brazil Frederique Van Gijsegem, INRA, PARIS, France Masashi Ugaki, Univ of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Seymour D. Van Gundy, Riverside, CA Jean M. Uhlenhake, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, DeForest, WI Randy M. Van Haren, Pest Pros Inc, Plainfield, WI Dilcia Ulacio Osorio, Urbanizacion Terepaima, Cabudare, Leendert C. Van Loon, Utrecht Univ, Utrecht, Netherlands Venezuela Nicolaas Van Opstal, OEPP/EPPO, Paris, France Vincent L. Ulstad, Fargo, ND Chris C.N. Van Schie, PhD, Univ of California San Diego, La Ngwanma Ukpai Uma, Univ of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Jolla, CA Pathmanathan Umaharan, Univ of the West Indies, St Augustin, Marie-Anne Van Sluys, Univ of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil West Indies, Trinidad Henry Van Tuyl Cotter, FMC Agricultural Products, Princeton, Antti Uotila, Univ of Helsinki, Korkeakoski, Finland NJ Robert G. Upchurch, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC Thomas D. Van Zyl, Bertie Van Zyl Pty Ltd, Mooketsi, Limpopo, Srinivasa R. Uppalapati, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Rep of South Africa Ardmore, OK Carroll P. Vance, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Christen D. Upper, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Edwin A. Vandenberg, Bayer Environmental Science, Guelph, Jose Ramon Urbez Torres, Univ of California, Davis, CA ON, Canada Pedro Uribe, USDA ARS, San Juan Bautista, CA Jan J. Vandermeij, Ball Horticultural Co, West Chicago, IL Ikuzo Uritani, Chikusa,Nagoya, Japan Marc C. VanMontagu, Ghent Univ, Gent, Belgium Keiddy E. Urrea, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Stephen R. Vann, Univ of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR Michael J. Urwiler, Syngenta Crop Protection, Lubbock, TX Marina P. Varbanova, Michigan State Univ, East Lamsing, MI Curtis Utley, Jefferson County Coop Ext, Golden, CO Felicita Varela-Ramirez, Univ of Puerto Rico, Isabela, PR Ichiro Uyeda, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Angela Vargas, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Jerry K. Uyemoto, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Joseph M. Vargas, Jr., Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Ganesan Vadamalai, Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Rodney H. Vargo, Fort Wayne, IN Malaysia Eugene H. Varney, Somerset, NJ Zarir E. Vaghchhipawala, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Leonardo Varvaro, Univ Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Ardmore, OK Valentina Vasileva, Central Lab for Plant Quarantine, Sofia, Michael E. Vail, Windsor, CA Bulgaria Lisa J. Vaillancourt, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Stephen J. Vasquez, Univ of California Coop Ext, Fresno, CA Demetrios John Vakalounakis, Natl Agric Research Foundation, Leila Minea Vasquez-Siller, Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Heraklio, Crete, Greece Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico Nader G. Vakili, Lake City, FL Patricia Vaz, Inst de Inv Biologicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Rosa Maria Valdebenito-Sanhueza, PRO-TERRA, Vacaria, RS, Uruguay Brazil Elymar V. Vea, Crownsville, MD Guadalupe Valdovinos Ponce, Colegio de Postgraduados, Miguel E. Vega Sanchez, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Monticello, Mexico Nubia Yineth Velasquez, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Barbara S. Valent, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Jose Joaquin Velazquez-Monreal, Colima, Mexico Jari Valkonen, Univ of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Heriberto E. Velez, Univ College Cork, Cork, Ireland Gary E. Vallad, Univ of Florida, Wimauma, FL Maria C. Velez, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jessica Vallance, ESMISAB, Plouzane, France Ramamoorthy Vellaisamy, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID Olga V. Vallejos, Univ Pedro Ruiz Gallo-Lambayeque, Lima 12, Evangelos K. Vellios, Univ of Thessaly, N Ionia Magnissias, Greece Peru Karuppannan Veluthambi, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai, Rodrigo A. Valverde, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA India Neal K. Van Alfen, Univ of California, Davis, CA Wilson Story Venancio, State Univ Ponta Grossa, Sao Paulo, SP, Eugene P. Van Arsdel, Tijeras, NM Brazil Johan Van Asbrouck, Astec Inc, Sheridan, WY Muthusubramanian Venkateshwaran, Univ of Wisconsin, Ariena H. van Bruggen, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Madison, WI Netherlands Jose A. Ventura, INCAPER, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Martijn van de Mortel, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Casiana M. Vera Cruz, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Frank Van Den Bosch, IACR Rothamsted, Hertsfordshire, United Philippines Kingdom Mike Vercauteren, Battle Ground, IN Elisabeth Wilhelmina van der Heijden, Bejo Zaden BV, Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Warmenhuizen, Netherlands Soledad Verdejo-Lucas, IRTA Cabrils, Cabrils Barcelona, Spain Grace van der Puije, Univ of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana Benedictus J. M. Verduin, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Jacquie E. Van Der Waals, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of Gelderland, Netherlands South Africa Danny M. Vereecke, Univ of Gent, Gent, Belgium Wopke Van Der Werf, Wageningen University, Plant Sciences, Pierluigi Verga, MIRT Fondazione Minoprio, Vertemate Con Wageningen, Netherlands Minoprio, Italy Tom Van Der Zwet, Kearneysville, WV Adriaan M. W. Vermunt, Groen Agro Control, Delfgauw, Zuid- Hans D. Van Etten, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Holland, Netherlands

117 Christian Verniere, CIRAD, Saint Pierre, France Farid Waliyar, ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India Paola Veronese, PhD, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC David R. Walker, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL Joseph A. Verreet, Univ of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Graham C. Walker, Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Cambridge, Dasa Vesely, Prague 6, Czech Republic MA Josef H. Vetten, Federal Res Ctr Agric & Forestry, Braunschweig, Harrell Lynn Walker, Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA Germany Jerry T. Walker, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA Agathe Vialle, Laval Univ, Quebec, QC, Canada Katherine A. Walker, BASF, Res Triangle Park, NC Amelia Vick, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Nathan R. Walker, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Chris Vick, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Sandra K. Walker, USDA AMS LS SRTB, Gastonia, NC Jorge I. Victoria, Cenicana, Cali, Valle, Colombia Scott L. Walker, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Joao Vida, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Brazil Charles H. Walkinshaw, Jr., Columbus, GA Georgios Vidalakis, University of California, Riverside, CA Diana H. Wall, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Anne K. Vidaver, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE George C. Wall, Univ of Guam, Mangilao, GU Christina MC Vieglais, Univ of California, Santa Barbara, CA Mark T. Wall, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Waimea, HI Vivian Vilich, PlantProtectionProjects, Halfmoon Bay, BC, James A. Walla, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Canada Patricia Wallace, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Altus Viljoen, Univ of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Rep of South Frank Waller, Justus-Liebig Univ Giessen, Giessen, Germany Africa Matthew W. Wallhead, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Sara Michelle Villani, Geneva, NY Linda L. Walling, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Maria Isabel Villarroel-Zeballos, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Christopher M. Wallis, Univ of Northern British Columbia, AR Prince George, BC, Canada Roxana Villegas Cruz, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de John F. Walsh, CelPril, Manteca, CA Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Michael H. Walter, PhD, Univ of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA Inmaculada Vinas, Univ of Lleida, Lleida, Spain Dale R. Walters, Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh, United Boris A. Vinatzer, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Kingdom Paul Vincelli, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Jonathan D. Walton, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Angela C. Vincent Jurick, Gainesville, FL Larry C. Walton, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Tupelo, MS Kelly J. Vining, Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Yeshi A. Wamishe, Gainesville State College, Oakwood, GA Helen A. Violi, Univ of Florida, Miami, FL Baohua Wang, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Ferenc Viranyi, Szent Istvan Univ Godollo, Godollo, Hungary Dawei Wang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Olivier Viret, Agroscpoe RAC Changins, Suisse, Switzerland China Niphon Visarathanonth, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Dechun Wang, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Marinda Visser, PhD, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria, South Dongping Wang, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Afri, Rep of South Africa Guo-Liang Wang, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Diego M. Viteri Dillon, Univ of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR Haiguang Wang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Anne M. Vitoreli, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL China Ramya Vittal, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Hehe Wang, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Jorge M. Vivanco, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Hong-Kai Wang, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Elisabetta Vivoda, Harris Moran Seed Co, Davis, CA Jaw-Fen Wang, AVRDC, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan Rep of China Tanja Maria Voegel, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jinbo Wang, Univ of California, Davis, CA Rickie P. Voland, Madison, WI Jinsheng Wang, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep Andreas E. Voloudakis, Agric Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece of China Daniel C. Voltz, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Ju Wang, PhD, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Sharon L. Von Broembsen, Aurora, CO Keri Wang, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Ralph H. Von Qualen, ACTS Inc, Carroll, IA Koon-Hui Wang, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Andreas Von Tiedemann, Univ of Gottingen, Goettingen, Lixia Wang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Germany China Peter D. Voth, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Min Wang, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of Baziel W. Vrient, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN China Vladimir Vujanovic, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Nian Wang, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Canada Qu Wang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Cees Waalwijk, Plant Research Intl, Wageningen, Netherlands Shiping Wang, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of Daniel B. Wacks, Univ of Redlands, Redlands, CA China Paul E. Waggoner, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, Guilford, CT Shouhua Wang, Nevada Dept of Agric, Reno, NV Anna M. Wagner, Agricultural Univ, Lublin, Poland Tang-Kai Wang, Bureau of Animal Plant Health Inspection & Harvey K. Wagnon, Santa Rosa, CA Quarantine, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Elisabeth Waigmann, Medical Univ of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Xiaohong Wang, USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY, Ithaca, NY Laura M. Wakefield, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Xiao-ming Wang, Chinese Academy of Agric Science, Beijing, Ronald R. Walcott, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Peoples Rep of China Christine M. Waldenmaier, VPI & State Univ, Painter, VA Xiaopeng Wang, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI

118 Xifeng Wang, Inst of Plant Protection, CAAS, Beijing, Peoples Rep Lihui Wei, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of of China China Xinrong Wang, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep Wei Wei, USDA ARS MPPL, Beltsville, MD of China Gregory J. Weidemann, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Xueyan Wang, PhD, USDA ARS DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Gerald E. Weiland, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Ye Wang, PhD, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, John J. Weiland, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND Canada Robert J. Weimer, Weimer Mfg Co Inc, Atwater, CA Yuanchao Wang, Nanjing Agric Univ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples Albert R. Weinhold, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Rep of China Natalia A. Weinsetel, PhD, USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD Yueguang Wang, Beaumont, TX Dan Michael Weinthal, Rishon Lezion, Israel Zhaohui Wang, Murdoch Univ, Perth, Australia Marvin Weintraub, Vancouver, BC, Canada Zheng Wang, Univ of Iowa, Iowa City, IA Leonard L. Welch, Valent USA Corp, Hood River, OR Zhenvue Wang, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Teclemariam Weldekidan, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Rep of China David M. Weller, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Zhenzhong Wang, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Ruth A. Welliver, Pennsylvania Dept of Agric, Harrisburg, PA Rep of China Richard A. Wellman, Certified Crop Care Inc, Blythe, CA Zonghua Wang, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Bonnie C. Wells, Mississippi State Univ, Stoneville, MS Leslie A. Wanner, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Homer D. Wells, Springfield, GA Calvin H. Ward, Rice Univ, Houston, TX Jay C. Wells, Greenville, NC Nicole Ward, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Maurice F. Welsh, Summerland, BC, Canada Sarah B. Ware, Univ of Arkansas, Greenland, AR Mark S. Welterlen, PBI/Gordon Corp, Kansas City, MO Colleen Y. Warfield, Univ of California, Half Moon Bay, CA Ronald E. Welty, Corvallis, OR Philip M. Wargo, USDA Forest Service, Wallingford, CT Aimin Wen, Univ of Florida, Quincy, FL Stephen J. Warnock, Davis, CA Caiyi Wen, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of Jeremy Warren, Davis, CA China Prem Warrior, Valent BioSciences Corp, Long Grove, IL Fushi Wen, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Lusike Wasilwa, Kenya Agric Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya Adriane Wendland, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Antonio De Tsuneo Watanabe, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Goiania, GO, Brazil Curtis M. Waters, Campbell Soup Co, Davis, CA Ziming Weng, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Howard E. Waterworth, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Nancy G. Wenner, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA James T. Watkins, Nunhems USA Inc, Caldwell, ID C. Erik Werner, The Hedgerows, Philadelphia, PA John E. Watkins, Lander, WY Sabine Werres, PhD, Fedl Bio Res Centre for Agric & For, Clifford G. Watrin, Syngenta Crop Protection, Wyoming, MN Braunschweig, Germany Lidia S. Watrud, Environmental Protection Agcy, Corvallis, OR Thomas L. Wessels, Washington State Dept of Agric, Olympia, WA Amanda F. Watson, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Sheila J. West, Visalia, CA David L. Watson, St Charles, IL Becky B. Westerdahl, Univ of California, Davis, CA Greg R. Watson, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Friedrich A. Westover, Texas Cooperative Extension, Houston, TX Michael T. Watson, PhD, USDA APHIS BRS, Riverdale, MD Andreas Westphal, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Robert J. Watson, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Henry C. Wetzel, III, Coeur D’Alene, ID Canada Julian W. Whaley, Whaley & Steinberg, Fresno, CA William A. Watson, Layman Wholesale Nursery, Trenton, SC Phillip S. Wharton, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Bruce A. Watt, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Jerald E. Wheeler, Winfield Solutions LLC, Tucson, AZ Lewis G. Weathers, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Terry A. Wheeler, Texas Agric Experiment Station, Lubbock, TX Craig A. Webb, USDA APHIS PPQ, Manhattan, KS John M. Whipps, Univ of Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kimberly M. Webb, STA Laboratories Inc, Firestone, CO Kingdom Susan E. Webb, Univ of Florida Entomology and Nematology, Robert L. Whitaker, Stockton, CA Gainesville, FL Vance M. Whitaker, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Brooke N. Weber, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Carol R. C. White, Soil & Plant Laboratory, Glendora, CA Robert K. Webster, Univ of California, Davis, CA Donald G. White, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL W. Patrick Wechter, Charleston, SC Frank F. White, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS David E. Wedge, USDA ARS, University, MS James F. White, Jr., Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Japheth D. Weems, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Jeanenne B. White, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, Stephen N. Wegulo, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE CA Benqiang Wei, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep James R. Whitehead, Oxford, MS of China Garnett B. Whitehurst, Whitehurst Associates Inc, New Bern, NC Hailei Wei, Inst of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Steven K. Whitesides, OmniLytics Inc, Salt Lake City, UT China Anna E. Whitfield, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Ji-Guang Wei, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, Peoples Rep of China Kelly R. Whiting, Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO Li Wei, Jiangsu Academy of Agric. Sci., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Roy D. Whitney, Calgary, AB, Canada Peoples Rep of China Roy S. Whitson, United Phosphorus Inc, Fresno, CA

119 Katherine R. Whitten Buxton, North Carolina State Univ, Mark T. Windham, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Raleigh, NC Sofia T. Windstam, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Jonathan L. Whitworth, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID Michael J. Wingfield, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Robert L. Wick, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Africa Donald T. Wicklow, USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL Nash N. Winstead, Raleigh, NC Damitha Wickramasinghe, Pennsylvania State Univ, University Stephan S. Winter, DSMZ Plant Virus Collection, Braunschweig, Park, PA Germany Trevor J. Wicks, South Australian R&D Inst, Adelaide, SA, Christopher Q. Winterbottom, Sierra Cascade Nursery Inc, Australia Hollister, CA Margaret A. Wideman, Monsanto, St Louis, MO William M. Wintermantel, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Fitri Widiantini, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Loretta M. Winton, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK Timothy L. Widmer, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Frederick, MD Stefan Wirsel, Universitaet Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany Wayne L. Wiebe, Syngenta, Nampa, ID Kiersten A. Wise, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Cosima Wiese, College Misericordia, Dallas, PA Roger P. Wise, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA Maury V. Wiese, Moscow, ID Gail C. Wisler, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Aric Wiest, Univ of Missouri, Kansas City, MO Randall J. Wisser, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Martin D. Wiglesworth, Arysta LifeScience North America, Cary, Christina M. Wistrom, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA NC Wesley Witcher, Central, SC Wayne F. Wilcox, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Walter Wohanka, Research Center Geisenheim, Geisenheim, Margot Wilhelm, Univ of California, Davis, CA Germany Carol A. Wilkinson, Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA Silvia M. Wolcan, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata BA, Bridget D. Wille, Rockville, MD Argentina Roger W. Willemsen, United Phosphorus Inc, Moscow, ID Jane Wolken, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Jeannine Willett, Agro Engineering Inc, Alamosa, CO Charles P. Woloshuk, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Joshua J. Willey, DuPont Ag & Nutrition, Newark, DE Erika Alejandra Wolski, Univ Nacl De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Bob W. Williams, DuPont Crop Protection, Raleigh, NC Plata, Argentina Jeannette A. Williams, Bodles Research Station, St Catherine, Christine D. Woltjen, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Jamaica Frank P. Wong, University of California, Riverside, CA Lansing E. Williams, Wooster, OH Ken Wong, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Burnaby, BC, Paul H. Williams, Madison, WI Canada Stephen Williams, Citrus Research & Education Inst, Dangriga Mui-Yun Wong, Univ Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Town, Belize Sek-Man Wong, Natl Univ of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Margaret R. Williamson, Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC Wan Chew Wong, Univ Malaysia Sabah, Kulai, Malaysia Valerie M. Williamson, Univ of California, Davis, CA Donald R. Wood, Boulder, CO Jean Williams-Woodward, University of Georgia, Athens, GA Ronald K. S. Wood, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom David A. Willis, Agassiz Crop Management Inc, Thief River Falls, Alicia K. Wood-Jones, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA MN Dale M. Woods, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, David K. Willis, USDA ARS VCRU, Madison, WI CA William Willis, Salinas, KS Jason E. Woodward, Texas A&M Univ, Lubbock, TX Laetitia Willocquet, IRRI, Metro Manila, Philippines Gayle L. Worf, Madison, WI Wirt H. Wills, Blacksburg, VA Fekede Workneh, Texas AgriLife Research, Bushland, TX Katelyn T. Willyerd, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA James J. Worrall, USDA Forest Service, Gunnison, CO Jeroen Wilmer, BIOGEMMA, Mondonville, France Lambert P. Woudt, Syngenta Seeds B.V., Enkhuizen, Netherlands A. Dan Wilson, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS Allen Wrather, Univ of Missouri, Portageville, MO Charles L. Wilson, Shepherdstown, WV David L. Wright, Iowa Soybean Association, Urbandale, IA Ella V. Wilson, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Eduardo Roberto Wright, Univ De Buenos Aires, Capital Jack B. Wilson, Trumansburg, NY Federal, BA, Argentina Jeffrey Norman Wilson, Texas Agric Experiment Station, Robert J. Wright, Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX Lubbock, TX Simeon Wright, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Jeffrey P. Wilson, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA Bo M. Wu, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Joanne A. Wilson, Ministry of Agric and Forestry, Wellington, New Hsiu-Chen Wu, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Zealand Rep of China Leslie L. Wilson, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Lung-Chi Wu, Pasadena, CA Wendy J. Wilson, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA Pin Shan Wu, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Willie J. Wilson, Chalfont, PA Peoples Rep of China Adam Wimer, Painter, VA Xuehong Wu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Carol E. Windels, Univ of Minnesota, Crookston, MN China Juliet M. Windes, Univ of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID Yun Wu, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV Alan S. Windham, Univ of Tennessee, Nashville, TN Yunfeng Wu, Northwest A&F Univ, Yangling, Xian, Peoples Rep of Gary L. Windham, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS China

120 Zhong-Bin Wu, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Jennifer M. Yanez, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Rep of China Baojun Yang, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Michael J. Wunsch, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Bing Yang, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Jennifer Lin Wurdack, Carnation, WA Bo Yang, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Kirstin V. Wurms, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Ching-Hong Yang, Univ of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI Zealand Chunling Yang, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Christian A. Wyenandt, Rutgers Univ, Bridgeton, NJ Dian-Qing Yang, FPInnovations - Forintek, Quebec, QC, Canada Thomas D. Wyllie, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Hong-Ren Yang, Taiwan Agric Res Inst, Chiayi, Taiwan Rep of Jun Q. Xia, AC Diagnostics Inc, Fayetteville, AR China Meichun Xiang, PhD, Inst of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, Peoples Hsiu-Chu Yang, Taiwan Ag Chem Toxic Subs Inst, Taichung Rep of China Hsien, Taiwan Rep of China Meimei Xiang, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Jian Yang, Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, AB, Canada Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Jun Yang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Chang-Lin Xiao, Washington State Univ, Wenatchee, WA Kwang-Yeol Yang, Chonnam National Univ, Gwangju, South Bingyan Xie, Chinese Academy of Agric Science, Beijing, Peoples Korea Rep of China Litao Yang, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Guan Lin Xie, PhD, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang, Peoples Rep of Seung Up Yang, Chungbuk National Univ, Cheongiu, Korea China Tso-Chi Yang, Taiwan Seed Impr & Prop Station, COA, Taiwan, Hui Xie, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of Taiwan Rep of China China Xiao-Bing Yang, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Jiatao Xie, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China XingYong Yang, Beibei, Chongqing, Peoples Rep of China Lijuan Xing, Syngenta Crop Protection, Leland, MS Yali Yang Yang, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, Xiaoping Xing, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Peoples Rep of China Rep of China Yinong Yang, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Huimin Xu, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlettetown, PE, Jian Yao, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Canada Oded Yarden, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Jin-Rong Xu, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Erika Yashiro, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Li Xu, Univ of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Fumitoshi Yasuda, Tottori Engei Shikenjyo, Tohaku-Gun, Tottori, Shichang Xu, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Japan China Nobuko Yasuda, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tong Xu, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Japan Xiangming Xu, East Malling Research, West Malling, Kent, Ida E. Yates, USDA ARS RRC, Athens, GA United Kingdom Huazhi Ye, Sichuan Agric Univ, Sichuan, Peoples Rep of China Xiulan Xu, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Weimin Ye, North Carolina Dept of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC Yanli Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Peoples Rep of Xinrong Ye, Sensient Dehydrated Flavors, Cressey, CA China Chun Yen Yeh, Taoyuan Agric Res & Ext Station, Taiwan, Taiwan Zhihan Xu, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Rep of China Bingye Xue, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Shyi-Dong Yeh, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep Qingyun Xue, plant protection, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China of China Bindhya C. Yadav, Indian Inst of Technology, Kanpur, India Ying Yeh, BAPHIQ- Council of Agric, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of Levi Yafetto, Miami Univ, Oxford, OH China Mohammad Yaghmour, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Cho-Long Yeon, Chungbuk National University, Cheong Ju, Lani E. Yakabe, Univ of California, Davis, CA South Korea Mikihiro Yamamoto, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Ayhan Yildiz, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Yuichi Yamaoka, Univ of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Chuntao Yin, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Kazuo Yamashita, Aomori Field Crops & Hort Exp Station, Hu Yin, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Rokunohe, Japan Jingfang Yin, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Norihito Yamauchi, Natl Inst Vegetable & Tea Science, Tsukuba, Jan A. Yingling, Univ of Arkansas Ext, Honoke, AR Ibaragi, Japan Ronald E. Ykema, Arizona Dept of Agric, Phoenix, AZ Hiromichi Yamazaki, Natl Agric Research Center - Tohoku, Jennifer A. Yocum, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Morioka, Japan Keith S. Yoder, VPI & SU, Winchester, VA Guiping Yan, Oregon State Univ, Adams, OR Olen C. Yoder, Ramona, CA Hong Yan, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, David S. Yohalem, East Malling Research, East Malling, Kent, Peoples Rep of China United Kingdom Jin Yan, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Peoples Raymond K. Yokomi, USDA ARS PWA, Parlier, CA Rep of China Shinso Yokota, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan Jiye Yan, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Henry D. Yonce, Sr., KAC Agricultural Research Inc, Deland, FL Li Yan, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Shinji Yonemura, Hokko Chemical Industry Co Ltd, Kanagawa, Camilla Yandoc Ables, Natl Academy of Sciences, BANR, Japan Washington, DC Katsuyoshi Yoneyama, Meiji Univ, Kanagawa, Japan

121 Hozumi Yoshida, Tokyo Univ of Agric, Abashiri Hokkaido, Japan Wendy L. Zellner, Univ of Toledo, Williston, OH Nobuyuki Yoshikawa, Iwate Univ, Morioka Iwate, Japan Kaoru Zenbayashi-Sawata, Natl Agric Res Ctr for Tohoku Region, Michael A. Yoshimura, California Polytechnic State Univ, San Daisen, Akita, Japan Luis Obispo, CA Fanyun Zeng, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Chunping You, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Wenting Zeng, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Yongsan Zeng, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Carolyn A. Young, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China OK Maria Zenobi, Roma, Italy Joseph R. Young, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Francisco M. Zerbini, Jr., Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil Lawrence D. Young, USDA ARS MSA CGPRU, Stoneville, MS Marcelo Zerillo, Univ of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Lee Sun Young, Inst for Agricultural Economics, Seoul, South Richard J. Zeyen, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Korea Chunquan Zhang, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Roy A. Young, Corvallis, OR Fengru Zhang, USDA APHIS PPQ, South San Francisco, CA Stanford A. Young, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Guiying Zhang, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep Thomas R. Young, Del Monte Fresh Produce Co, Vero Beach, FL of China Hendrik L. Ypema, BASF Corporation, Res Triangle Park, NC Guozhen Zhang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Jia-Lin Yu, PhD, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China China Lili Zhang, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Junjie Yu, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of Li-Qun Zhang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China China JunMyoung Yu, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Liying Zhang, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Yang Yu, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Meng Zhang, PhD, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Caiyao Yuan, BASF Corp, Dinuba, CA Peoples Rep of China Hongxia Yuan, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Ning Zhang, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Rep of China Shouan Zhang, PhD, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Gary Y. Yuen, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Shulu Zhang, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Jonathan E. Yuen, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Shuo Cheng Zhang, Alcorn State Univ, Lorman, MS Uppsala, Sweden Xuecheng Zhang, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Debra Yuhas, FMC, Princeton, NJ Xuemin Zhang, Univ of Maryland, Rockville, MD Endah Yulia, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Yan Zhang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Hye Young Yun, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea China Felipe Zabala, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Yongjiang Zhang, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Jan C. Zadoks, Amsterdam, Netherlands Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Pascal L. Zaffarano, Swiss Federal Inst of Technology, Zurich, YunPing Zhang, PhD, California Dept of Food & Agric, Switzerland Sacramento, CA Tirtza Zahavi, Ministry of Agriculture, Kiriat Shmone, Israel Zhengguang Zhang, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Paulo A. Zaini, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Rep of China Milton Zaitlin, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Zhifen Zhang, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Bratislav Zak, Marysville, WA Zhongjun Zhang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep Abdolkarym Zakeri, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, of China Iran Jun Zhao, Inner Mongolia Agric Univ, Huhhot, Peoples Rep of Paul J. Zambino, USDA Forest Service, SoCal Forest Health China Protection, San Bernardino, CA Wensheng Zhao, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Larry E. Zang, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC China Jennifer L. Zantinge, Alberta Agriculture, Lacombe, AB, Canada Yan Zhao, USDA ARS MPPL, Beltsville, MD James W. Zanzot, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Youfu Zhao, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Inga A. Zasada, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Zuo Cheng Zhao, Mamaroneck, NY Tom C. Zavesky, Fresno, CA Jingwu Zheng, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Robert Edward Zdor, Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI Xiangyang Zheng, Magnum Seeds, Dixon, CA Dijana D. Zecevic, Galenika Fitofarmacija A.D., Zemun- Xiaobo Zheng, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep Belgrade, Serbia And Montenegro of China Walter M. Zeck, Bayer CropScience, Vero Beach, FL You-Xiu Zheng, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Eldon I. Zehr, Anderson, SC Rep of China Robert S. Zeigler, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Shaobin Zhong, PhD, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Philippines Erxun Zhou, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of Lily Xochilt Zelaya-Molina, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, China Distrito Federal, DF, Mexico Hao Zhou, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Kurt A. Zeller, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD Hong You Zhou, Inner Mongolia Agric Univ, Huhhot, Peoples Rep Wolfgang Zeller, BBA, Inst for Biological Control, Darmstadt, of China Germany

122 Ligang Zhou, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Nina K. Zidack, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT China Amy D. Ziems, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Lijuan Zhou, Horticulture Researsh Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL Carolien Zijlstra, Plant Research International, Wageningen, Mingguo Zhou, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep Netherlands of China Nicholas C. Zitomer, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA Tao Zhou, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Stella M. Zitter, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Xin-Gen Zhou, Univ of Maryland, Salisbury, MD Thomas A. Zitter, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Xueping Zhou, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Dimitrios Zogopoulos, Agricultural Development S.A., Yilin Zhou, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Kyparissia, Greece Shuifang Zhu, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Broc G. Zoller, The Pear Doctor Inc, Kelseyville, CA Peoples Rep of China Stanley J. Zontek, USGA Green Section, Glen Mills, PA Shusheng Zhu, Yunnan Agricultural Univ, Kunming, Peoples Rep Bert M. Zuckerman, Yarmouth, ME of China Clara R. Zumpetta, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Xiaoqiong Zhu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of Yuhu Zuo, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation Univ, China Daqing, Peoples Rep of China Xiaoyang Zhu, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Zhen-dong Zhu, Chinese Academy of Agric Science, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China

123 APS Sustaining Associates

Sustaining Associate Members have been an integral part of the society since the formation of this membership category in 1945. APS offers special thanks to the following companies and organizations for their continued support and involvement. This listing represents all Sustaining Associate members as of May 1, 2008.

AC Diagnostics, Inc. Cheminova, Inc. Pest Pros, Inc. Member Since 2007 Member Since 2008 Member Since 1989

Agdia, Inc. Dow AgroSciences LLC Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl, Inc. Member Since 1991 Member Since 1949 Member Since 1990

Agripath, Inc. DuPont Ag & Nutrition Plant Pathology Research Group Member Since 2006 Member Since 1945 Member Since 2004

Alf Christianson Seed Co. EnviroLogix, Inc. Sakata Seed America, Inc. Member Since 1986 Member Since 2007 Member Since 1986

Arysta LifeScience North America Gylling Data Management, Inc. Seminis Vegetable Seeds Member Since 1997 Member Since 2004 Member Since 1986

BAAR Scientific LLC ISK Biosciences Corp. Spectrum Technologies, Inc. Member Since 2005 Member Since 1977 Member Since 2000

Ball Horticultural Co. Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc. STA Laboratories, Inc. Member Since 1986 Member Since 1981 Member Since 1994

BASF Corp. Landis International, Inc. Syngenta Crop Protection Member Since 1978 Member Since 1985 Member Since 1964

Bayer CropScience Meiji Techno America Syngenta Seeds Member Since 1978 Member Since 2008 Member Since 1995

BIOREBA AG Monsanto Co. United Phosphorus, Inc. Member Since 1997 Member Since 1982 Member Since 1977

Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc. National Alliance of Independent Valent BioSciences Corp. Member Since 1990 Crop Consultants Member Since 1988 Member Since 2003 Cereal Research Non Profit Co. Inst. Valent USA Corp. Member Since 1992 Percival Scientific, Inc. Member Since 1992 Member Since 2004

124