PUBLIC ACCESS REPORT Compiled by

Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

Monthly Activity Report: July 2017

Executive summary

Ten ambient air monitoring stations are operated and maintained by C & M Consulting Engineers on behalf of the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Research and Development (GDARD). Four of these stations fall within the City of Tshwane ambient air quality monitoring network, four within the City of Johannesburg monitoring network and two within the Sedibeng district municipality network. This report presents the relevant data for the month of July 2017.

The analysis of the data from the operating stations has shown that all the stations had the following collection efficiency after validation:

• City of Tshwane – 94.55 % • City of Johannesburg - 86.58 % • Sedibeng District Municipality – 76.21 %

A SANAS calibration was performed on all available ambient monitoring analysers. Additionally, meteorological instruments were calibrated during this reporting period. Several problems persist with meteorological sensors, particulate monitors and gas analysers. Plans are underway to replace faulty meteorological, particulate and gas sensors. After validation, the total data recovery for the GDARD Monitoring Network (GDARDMN) is 85.78%.

It is important to note that the Buccleuch monitoring station has been substituted with the Alexandra monitoring station due to the break-in and subsequent vandalism of the Buccleuch station.

Exceedances of National Ambient Air Quality Standards are reported for the criteria pollutants during the monitoring period. 1 exceedance for the SO2 10-minute guideline was recorded at

Sedibeng during this period and 1 exceedance for the SO2 hourly guideline was recorded at Meyerton. Sedibeng recorded 26, Meyerton recorded 13, Orange Farm recorded 2, Jabavu recorded 10 and Alexandra recorded 1 exceedance for PM10 during this period. Meyerton recorded 1 exceedance of the PM2.5 NAAQS during this period. 4 exceedances of the O3 NAAQS were recorded at Jabavu during this reporting period

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Analyser status – City of Tshwane Ekandustria Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A SO2 NO2 NO NOx O3 CO Benzene N/A N/A N/A N/A Toluene N/A N/A N/A N/A Xylene N/A N/A N/A N/A Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

PTA West Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A SO2 NO2 NO NOx O3 CO Benzene Toluene Xylene Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

Mamelodi Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NO NOx O3 CO Benzene Toluene Xylene Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

Rosslyn Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A SO2 NO2 NO NOx O3 CO Benzene Toluene Xylene Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

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Analyser Status – City of Johannesburg Orange farm Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A SO2 NO2 N/A N/A N/A N/A NO N/A N/A N/A N/A NOx N/A N/A N/A N/A O3 CO N/A N/A N/A N/A Benzene N/A N/A N/A N/A Toluene N/A N/A N/A N/A Xylene N/A N/A N/A N/A Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

Diepsloot Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A SO2 NO2 N/A N/A N/A N/A NO N/A N/A N/A N/A NOx N/A N/A N/A N/A O3 N/A N/A N/A N/A CO N/A N/A N/A N/A Benzene N/A N/A N/A N/A Toluene N/A N/A N/A N/A Xylene N/A N/A N/A N/A Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

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Jabavu Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A SO2 NO2 N/A N/A N/A N/A NO N/A N/A N/A N/A NOx N/A N/A N/A N/A O3 CO N/A N/A N/A N/A Benzene N/A N/A N/A N/A Toluene N/A N/A N/A N/A Xylene N/A N/A N/A N/A Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

Alexandra Parameter June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NO NOx O3 CO Benzene N/A N/A Toluene N/A N/A Xylene N/A N/A Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

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Analyser Status - Sedibeng Sedibeng Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A SO2 NO2 N/A N/A N/A N/A NO N/A N/A N/A N/A NOx N/A N/A N/A N/A O3 CO N/A N/A N/A N/A Benzene N/A N/A N/A N/A Toluene N/A N/A N/A N/A Xylene N/A N/A N/A N/A Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

Meyerton Parameter April May June July August September October November December PM10 PM2.5 N/A N/A SO2 NO2 N/A N/A N/A N/A NO N/A N/A N/A N/A NOx N/A N/A N/A N/A O3 N/A N/A CO N/A N/A N/A N/A Benzene N/A N/A N/A N/A Toluene N/A N/A N/A N/A Xylene N/A N/A N/A N/A Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Pressure Ambient temp Relative Humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall

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Contents

Executive summary ...... 2 Analyser status – City of Tshwane ...... 3 Analyser Status – City of Johannesburg ...... 5 Analyser Status - Sedibeng ...... 7 Introduction ...... 13 City of Tshwane Monitoring Network (CoTMN) ...... 13 City of Johannesburg Monitoring Network (CoJMN) ...... 15 Sedibeng Monitoring Network (SMN) ...... 16 Ambient air quality monitoring ...... 18 Data recovery ...... 18 City of Tshwane ...... 19 City of Johannesburg ...... 20 Sedibeng District Municipality ...... 21 Statistical analysis on SANS 1929 guidelines for GDARD stations ...... 22 Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for City of Tshwane Network ...... 23 Statistical analysis of SANS 1949 guideline for City of Johannesburg ...... 25 Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Sedibeng ...... 27 Data evaluation ...... 28 Meteorological overview ...... 29 Wind speed and direction ...... 29 City of Tshwane ...... 29 City of Johannesburg ...... 32 Sedibeng District Municipality ...... 33 Ambient temperature and relative humidity ...... 35 City of Tshwane ...... 35 City of Johannesburg ...... 36 Sedibeng District Municipality ...... 37 Global radiation ...... 38 City of Tshwane ...... 38 City of Johannesburg ...... 38 Sedibeng District Municipality ...... 38 Atmospheric pressure ...... 39 City of Tshwane ...... 39

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City of Johannesburg ...... 39 Sedibeng District Municipality ...... 39 Pollutant overview ...... 40 Particulate matter ...... 40

PM10 concentration ...... 40

PM2.5 concentrations ...... 43 Sulphur dioxide concentrations ...... 46 Nitric oxide concentration ...... 52 Nitrogen dioxide concentration ...... 53 Nitrogen oxides concentration ...... 54 Carbon monoxide concentration ...... 55 Ozone concentration ...... 56 Station maintenance and calibration ...... 58 City of Tshwane ...... 58 Ekandustria ...... 58 Mamelodi ...... 58 TA West ...... 59 Rosslyn ...... 59 City of Johannesburg ...... 60 Orange farm ...... 60 Diepsloot ...... 60 Jabavu ...... 60 Alexandra ...... 61 Sedibeng District Municipality ...... 62 Sedibeng ...... 62 Meyerton ...... 62 Maintenance and minor repairs ...... 63 City of Tshwane ...... 63 City of Johannesburg ...... 65 Sedibeng District Municipality ...... 66 Faulty equipment ...... 67 City of Tshwane ...... 67 City of Johannesburg ...... 68 Sedibeng ...... 68 Discussion and conclusion ...... 69

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ANNEXURE 1: Data validation tables ...... 70 City of Tshwane ...... 70 City of Johannesburg ...... 74 Sedibeng District Municipality ...... 76

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Map of the City of Tshwane ambient air quality monitoring network...... 13 Figure 2: Map of the City of Johannesburg ambient air quality monitoring network...... 15 Figure 3: Map of the Sedibeng ambient air quality monitoring network...... 16 Figure 4: Timeseries of hourly averaged wind speed data at the City of Tshwane stations...... 29 Figure 5: Wind rose for Mamelodi ...... 30 Figure 6: Wind rose for Ekandustria ...... 30 Figure 7: Wind rose for Rosslyn ...... 31 Figure 8: Timeseries of hourly averaged wind speed data at the City of Johannesburg stations...... 32 Figure 9: Wind rose for Orange Farm ...... 32 Figure 10: Timeseries of hourly averaged wind speed data at the Sedibeng stations...... 33 Figure 11: Wind rose for Sedibeng ...... 33 Figure 12: Wind rose for Meyerton ...... 34 Figure 13: Timeseries of hourly ambient temperature data at the City of Tshwane network stations...... 35 Figure 14: Timeseries of hourly relative humidity data at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 35 Figure 15: Timeseries of hourly ambient temperature data at the City of Johannesburg network stations...... 36 Figure 16: Timeseries of hourly relative humidity data at the City of Johannesburg network stations ...... 36 Figure 17: Timeseries of hourly ambient temperature data at the Sedibeng network stations...... 37 Figure 18: Timeseries of hourly relative humidity data at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 37 Figure 19: Timeseries of hourly global radiation data at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 38 Figure 20: Timeseries of hourly global radiation data at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 38 Figure 21: Timeseries of hourly atmospheric pressure data at the City of Tshwane network stations39 Figure 22: Timeseries of hourly atmospheric pressure data at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 39 Figure 23: Timeseries of daily averaged PM10 values at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 40 Figure 24: Diurnal variation of PM10 at the City of Tshwane network stations...... 40 Figure 25: Timeseries of daily averaged PM10 values at the City of Johannesburg network stations 41 Figure 26: Diurnal variation of PM10 at the City of Johannesburg network stations ...... 41 Figure 27: Timeseries of daily averaged PM10 values at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 42 Figure 28: Diurnal variation of PM10 at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 42 Figure 29: Timeseries of daily averaged PM2.5 at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 43 Figure 30: Diurnal variation of PM2.5 at the City of Tshwane network stations...... 43 Figure 31: Timeseries of daily averaged PM2.5 at the City of Johannesburg network stations ...... 43 Figure 32: Diurnal variation of PM2.5 at the City of Johannesburg network stations ...... 44 Figure 33: Timeseries of daily averaged PM2.5 at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 44 Figure 34: Diurnal variation of PM2.5 at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 45

Figure 35: Timeseries of 10-minute averaged SO2 at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 46

Figure 36: Timeseries of hourly averaged SO2 at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 46

Figure 37: Timeseries of daily averaged SO2 at the City of Tshwane network stations...... 47

Figure 38: Diurnal variation of SO2 at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 47

Figure 39: Timeseries of 10-minute averaged SO2 at the City of Johannesburg network stations ...... 48

Figure 40: Timeseries of hourly averaged SO2 at the City of Johannesburg network stations ...... 48

Figure 41: Timeseries of daily averaged SO2 at the City of Johannesburg network stations ...... 49

Figure 42: Diurnal variation of SO2 at the City of Johannesburg network stations ...... 49

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Figure 43: Timeseries of 10-minute averaged SO2 at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 50

Figure 44: Timeseries of hourly averaged SO2 at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 50

Figure 45: Timeseries of daily averaged SO2 at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 51

Figure 46: Diurnal variation of SO2 at the Sedibeng network stations ...... 51 Figure 47: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO data at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 52

Figure 48: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO2 data at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 53

Figure 49: Diurnal variation of NO2 at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 53

Figure 50: Timeseries of hourly averaged NOx data for the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 54 Figure 51: Timeseries of hourly averaged CO data at the City of Tshwane network stations...... 55 Figure 52: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged CO data at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 55

Figure 53: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged O3 data at the City of Tshwane network stations ...... 56

Figure 54: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged O3 data at the City of Johannesburg network stations ... 57

Figure 55: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged O3 data at the Sedibeng District Municipality network stations ...... 57

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Introduction

As contained in the constitution, municipalities have the executive authority in respect of air pollution control. The National Environmental Management Act: Air Quality Act of 2004 has shifted the focus away from centralized air pollution governance, placing the responsibility of air quality management with local authorities. These responsibilities include the definition of baseline air quality, the management and operation of air quality monitoring networks, the licensing of listed activities, and the development of emission reduction strategies.

The Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD) is in charge of the monitoring of ambient air quality in three ambient networks in Gauteng, namely, City of Tshwane Monitoring Network (CoTMN); City of Johannesburg Monitoring Network (CoJMN) and Sedibeng District Municipality Monitoring Network (SDMMN).

City of Tshwane Monitoring Network (CoTMN)

Figure 1: Map of the City of Tshwane ambient air quality monitoring network.

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CoT) is located directly north of Johannesburg and extends from Centurion in the south to Temba in the north, covering an area of 2,200 km². The municipal boundaries are mainly within the Gauteng Province with a small area in the north falling within the North West Province. The population of CoT borders onto 2 million (according to the 2001 Census) of which most reside in Pretoria, Centurion, Temba, Soshanguve and Mabopane districts; with the highest population density within the latter two.

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The dispersion potential of the metropolitan region is predominantly influenced by mesoscale processes including thermo-topographically induced circulations, the development and dissipation of surface inversions, and the modification of the low-level wind field and stability regime by urban areas. Northerly to north-westerly winds prevail during much of the year due to the prevalence of the high- pressure system. Although such winds continue to dominate during winter months, the northward shift of the high-pressure belt and resultant influence of westerly wave disturbances on the region gives rise to an increase in the frequency of winds from the south to south-westerly sector. An increase in the frequency of northerly to easterly winds during spring and summer months is the result of the southward migration of the high-pressure belt, with airflow being influenced both by anti-cyclonic subsidence and easterly wave systems.

CoT is not a highly industrialised area and comprises of a few large industries, various commercial activities, domestic fuel burning, mining operations, transportation sources and waste treatment and disposal.

Current air pollution sources of concern in the CoT are: • Emissions from vehicle tailpipes. • Industrial operations, energy generation and commercial fuel burning appliances. • Domestic fuel and biomass burning. • Dust from vehicle entrainment, mining activities and landfills. • Incineration and tyre burning. • Windblown dust from open areas. • Agricultural activities.

The main areas of concern within the COT are those located near industrial areas such as Pretoria West and the Moot. The Moot area is furthermore affected by the location of numerous brickworks within the area resulting in low-level emissions resulting in poor dispersion due to the topography of the area. Secondly, areas in close proximity to highways and busy intersections will be affected by vehicle emissions. Informal settlements likely to use coal and wood as energy source will be affected due to the low-level releases of emissions and especially during the winter months when more fuel is consumed.

As part of this project, GDARD is currently in charge of monitoring air quality at the Ekandustria, Mamelodi, Rosslyn and PTA West stations (Figure 1).

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City of Johannesburg Monitoring Network (CoJMN)

Figure 2: Map of the City of Johannesburg ambient air quality monitoring network.

The City of Johannesburg (CoJ) is described as “South Africa’s premier business city”, with fast economic growth and a population approaching 4.5 million inhabitants. Centred on the inner city, it stretches approximately 60 km from north to south and 30 km from west to east, spanning more than 1600 km2.Consistent with high levels of urbanisation and in-migration, particularly in the lower income levels, air quality monitoring is an additional management area for the municipality.

Air quality in the City of Johannesburg is influenced by emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants from anthropogenic activities and from natural sources. Transportation and domestic fuel burning are the largest sources of air pollutants in the CoJ with contributions from listed and non-listed industrial and commercial activities, open fires and dust from sources such as mine dumps, open areas, construction and paved and unpaved roads. The emissions of volatile organic compounds from vegetation, so-called biogenic emissions, also influence air quality.

The City has developed an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) in 2003 prior to the regulatory developments in air quality management in the country. In anticipation of the promulgation of the National Air Quality Act, the first air quality monitoring station was established in Alexandra in 2002, followed by the establishment of five (5) additional air quality monitoring stations (Newtown, Delta park, Buccleuch, Jabavu and Orange farm) in the middle of 2004. The AQMP was the foundation document that informed the location of the network of six (6) continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations, including future expansion of the existing network. The network was further expanded in 2009, with additional two (2) monitoring stations established at Ivory Park and Diepsloot.

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In 2015, the City expanded the network again by installing a mobile monitoring network at Davidsonville, as part of the rehabilitation process of the Princess mine dump.

As part of this project, GDARD is currently in charge of monitoring air quality at the Orange Farm, Jabavu, Diepsloot and Buccleuch stations (Figure 2).

Sedibeng Monitoring Network (SMN)

Figure 3: Map of the Sedibeng ambient air quality monitoring network.

Sedibeng District Municipality is located in the southern parts of the Gauteng Province. The district consists of three (3) local municipalities namely Lesedi, Midvaal and Emfuleni which have inter alia towns like Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging and Evaton. The municipality accounts for approximately 33% of the GDP hence it is considered an integral part of the Gauteng Province. Furthermore, the district features a wide variety of landmarks such as the Vaal River, Vaal Dam, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, the Sasol refinery, Arcelormittal, as well as the Emerald Casino. Sedibeng District Municipality is an urban and an industrial heartland of South Africa. The combination of industrial, domestic, transportation, biomass burning, agricultural and other emission sources have led to degraded air quality over the area. The need for the district to monitor ambient air quality is therefore clear, and is useful to develop effective mitigation strategies to ensure that the residents have access to quality air that is not harmful to their health and well-being. The two monitoring stations, which are Vanderbijlpark and Meyerton (Figure 3), were donated by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD) to the district and the final hand- over to took place in 2004 for the municipality to continuously monitor ambient air. In 2007, the then Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) (now Department of Environmental Affairs

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(DEA)) declared the Vaal Triangle Airshed as the first priority area in terms of Section 18(1) of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (Act No. 39 OF 2004) which is known as the Vaal Triangle Airshed Priority Area (VTAPA). Sedibeng District Municipality forms part of this priority area. In 2009 DEA developed an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the VTAPA and Sedibeng adopted this AQMP as the guide to combat air pollution in the area. Based on the air quality assessment results from simulated concentrations verified with ambient monitoring data of the area, it was evident that the main pollutants of concern in the Sedibeng District Municipality are inhalable particulate matter

(PM10 and PM2.5) as well as Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Manufacturing in the District is dominated by the fabricated metal and chemical sectors.

Over the years Sedibeng District Municipality relied on service providers for the management and the maintenance of the monitoring stations. The District however experienced problems as far as the maintenance of the stations are concerned due to constraints such as capacity and budget. As a result GDARD intervened by resuscitating the Vanderbijlpark Station in 2015 and providing other physical supports to the district. Furthermore, the District took an initiative to move the Meyerton Station to a safer location after experiencing frequent burglaries and power shortages.

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Ambient air quality monitoring

Data recovery The tables below illustrate the data recovery for each monitoring site for the month of July 2017. According to the South African National Accreditation System (SANAS) guidelines, a minimum of 90% data capture is required to achieve minimum data quality assurance for data manipulation and summary (SANAS TR07-03).

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City of Tshwane

Station Name Collection Efficiency Validated Data Comments

(%) (%)

Ekandustria 100 99.46 Good efficiency.

PTA West 100 99.73 Good efficiency.

Mamelodi 100 92.54 Good efficiency.

Rosslyn 94.76 86.46 Poor efficiency – SO2 reinstalled on 21/07/2017

Table 1: Data availability at City of Tshwane monitoring network stations

Ekandustria PTA West Mamelodi Rosslyn Parameter %col %val %col %val %col %val %col %val

PM10 F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R N/A N/A

PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A F/R F/R N/A N/A

SO2 100 99.46 100 99.46 100 68.82 37.10 35.89

NO2 F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R 100 99.46

NO F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R 100 99.46

NOx F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R 100 99.46

O3 F/R F/R 100 99.73 100 99.19 100 99.73

CO 100 99.46 F/R F/R 100 99.33 F/R F/R

Benzene N/A N/A F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R

Toluene N/A N/A F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R

Xylene N/A N/A F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R

Wind Speed 100 100 F/R F/R 100 94.62 100 84.01

Wind Direction 100 100 F/R F/R 100 94.62 100 84.01

Ambient Pressure 100 100 F/R F/R 100 100 100 84.01

Ambient temp 100 99.73 F/R F/R 100 99.73 100 83.87

Relative Humidity 100 96.91 F/R F/R 100 69.09 100 83.74

Solar Radiation 100 99.60 F/R F/R 100 100 100 84.01

Rainfall 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99.87

Average 100% 99.46% 100% 99.73% 100% 92.54% 94.76% 86.46% Highlighted values indicate data capture rates below the 90% SANAS requirement Table 2: Percentage data recovery for July 2017 at City of Tshwane network stations based on hourly averaged data

** N/A – not measured at this location ** F/R – Faulty / Removed for repairs

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City of Johannesburg

Station Name Collection Efficiency Validated Data Comments

(%) (%)

Orange Farm 100 98.22 Good efficiency.

Diepsloot N/A N/A Station offline due to power supply problems

Jabavu Poor efficiency. Meteorological faults and 86.96 78.94 power isses

Alexandra 84.14 82.58 Poor efficiency due to power problems

Table 3: Data availability at City of Johannesburg monitoring network stations

Orange Farm Diepsloot Jabavu Alexandra Parameter %col %val %col %val %col %val %col %val

PM10 100 94.62 F/R F/R 86.96 83.47 84.14 81.45

PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 84.14 82.12

SO2 100 97.85 F/R F/R 86.96 84.81 84.14 82.93

NO2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A F/R F/R

NO N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A F/R F/R

NOx N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A F/R F/R

O3 100 98.52 N/A N/A 86.96 84.14 F/R F/R

CO N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A F/R F/R

Benzene N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Toluene N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Xylene N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Wind Speed 100 99.06 F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R

Wind Direction 100 99.06 F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R

Ambient Pressure F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R

Ambient temp 100 98.79 F/R F/R 86.96 50.27 84.14 83.20

Relative Humidity 100 98.79 F/R F/R 86.96 85.35 84.14 83.20

Solar Radiation F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R F/R

Rainfall 100 99.06 F/R F/R 86.96 85.62 F/R F/R

Average 100% 98.21% N/A N/A 86.96% 78.94% 84.14% 82.58% Highlighted values indicate data capture rates below the 90% SANAS requirement Table 4: Percentage data recovery for July 2017 at City of Johannesburg network stations based on hourly averaged data

** N/A – not measured at this location ** F/R – Faulty / Removed for repairs

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Sedibeng District Municipality

Station Name Collection Efficiency Validated Data Comments

(%) (%)

Sedibeng 97.45 79.53 Poor efficiency due to faulty wind sensor

Meyerton 74.87 72.88 Poor efficiency due to power issues

Table 5: Data availability at Sedibeng District Municipality monitoring network stations

Sedibeng Meyerton Parameter %col %val %col %val

PM10 97.45 96.77 74.87 72.98

PM2.5 N/A N/A 74.87 72.98

SO2 97.45 96.37 74.87 72.58

NO2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

NO N/A N/A N/A N/A

NOx N/A N/A N/A N/A

O3 97.45 96.56 F/R F/R

CO N/A N/A N/A N/A

Benzene N/A N/A N/A N/A

Toluene N/A N/A N/A N/A

Xylene N/A N/A N/A N/A

Wind Speed 97.45 11.02 74.87 72.98

Wind Direction 97.45 11.02 74.87 72.98

Ambient Pressure 97.45 96.64 F/R F/R

Ambient temp 97.45 96.37 74.87 72.85

Relative Humidity 97.45 95.43 74.87 72.85

Solar Radiation 97.45 98.39 F/R F/R

Rainfall 97.45 96.77 74.87 72.85

Average 97.45% 79.53% 74.87 72.88 Highlighted values indicate data capture rates below the 90% SANAS requirement Table 6: Percentage data recovery for July 2017 at Sedibeng District Municipality network stations based on hourly averaged data

** N/A – not measured at this location ** F/R – Faulty / Removed for repairs

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Statistical analysis on SANS 1929 guidelines for GDARD stations

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO and Benzene are shown in Table 7.

Parameter Averaging Period Concentration Frequency of Exceedence

10 minutes 191 ppb 526

1 hour 134 ppb 88 SO2 24 hour 48 ppb 4

Annual 19 ppb 0

O3 8 hours 61 ppb 11

1 hour 106 ppb 88 NO2 Annual 21 ppb 0

1 hour 26 ppm 88 CO 8 hour 8.7 ppm 11

24 hours 75 µg/m³ 4 PM10 Annual 50 µg/m³ 0

24 hours 65 µg/m³ 4 PM2.5 Annual 25 µg/m³ 0

Benzene Annual 3.2 ppb 0

Table 7: National ambient air quality standards

Exceedances of National Ambient Air Quality Standards are reported for the criteria pollutants during the monitoring period. 1 exceedance for the SO2 10-minute guideline was recorded at

Sedibeng during this period and 1 exceedance for the SO2 hourly guideline was recorded at Meyerton. Sedibeng recorded 26, Meyerton recorded 13, Orange Farm recorded 2, Jabavu recorded 10 and Alexandra recorded 1 exceedance for PM10 during this period. Meyerton recorded 1 exceedance of the PM2.5 NAAQS during this period. 4 exceedances of the O3 NAAQS were recorded at Jabavu during this reporting period.

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Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for City of Tshwane Network Report time period: 2017/07/01 – 2017/07/31 11:59:00 PM

Ekandustria Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 99.31% 6.79 61.02 0 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 99.46% 6.77 54.01 0 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 100% 6.77 17.98 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 99.46% 0.25 1.32 0 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 100% 0.25 0.89 0

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 - - - - PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 - - - -

PTA West Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 99.60% 9.74 121.57 0 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 99.46% 9.76 55.86 0 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 100% 9.72 21.70 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 - - - -

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 100% 16.79 53.48 0 PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 - - - - Mamelodi Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 68.88% 3.86 44.72 0 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 68.82% 3.86 40.86 0 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 67.74% 3.89 11.83 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 99.33% 0.99 4.83 0 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 100% 1.00 2.11 0

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 100% 14.38 38.68 0 PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 - - - - PM2.5 24 hour 90.0% 65.00 4 - - - -

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Rosslyn Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 35.98% 6.96 62.94 0 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 35.89% 6.95 46.57 0 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 35.48% 7.00 15.50 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 99.46% 22.35 78.16 0 CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 - - - -

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 100% 21.51 53.29 0 PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 - - - -

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Statistical analysis of SANS 1949 guideline for City of Johannesburg Report time period: 2017/07/01 – 2017/07/31 11:59:00 PM

Orange Farm Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 95.41% 5.83 79.97 0 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 97.85% 5.82 67.01 0 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 100% 5.84 21.92 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 - - - -

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 100% 35.70 60.98 0 PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 100% 55.16 81.38 2

Diepsloot Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 - - - - 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 - - - - 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 - - - -

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 - - - - PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 - - - -

Jabavu Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 83.98% 4.89 106.18 0 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 84.81% 4.92 89.28 0 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 77.42% 4.93 15.74 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 - - - -

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 82.93% 22.20 64.05 4 PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 77.42% 71.07 107.61 10

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Alexandra Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 83.31% 5.81 64.82 0 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 82.93% 5.80 60.57 0 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 80.65% 5.64 16.28 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 - - - -

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 - - - - PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 80.65% 41.88 76.45 1 PM2.5 24 hour 90.0% 65.00 4 80.65% 18.20 28.67 0

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Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Sedibeng Report time period: 2017/07/01 – 2017/07/31 11:59:00 PM

Sedibeng Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 95.16% 9.65 230.14 1 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 96.37% 9.65 111.72 0 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 93.55% 9.77 28.50 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 - - - -

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 95.83% 27.25 56.41 0 PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 93.55% 115.33 193.65 26

Meyerton Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed.

SO2 10-minute 90.0% 191.00 526 71.98% 7.55 172.79 0 1 hour 90.0% 134.00 88 72.58% 7.49 155.29 1 24 hour 90.0% 48.00 4 67.74% 7.78 15.37 0

NO2 1 hour 90.0% 106.00 88 - - - - CO 1 hour 90.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8 hour mean 90.0% 8.70 11 - - - -

O3 8 hour mean 90.0% 61.00 11 - - - - PM10 24 hour 90.0% 75.00 4 67.74% 80.09 103.02 13 PM2.5 24 hour 90.0% 65.00 4 67.74% 42.69 65.48 1

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Data evaluation

It is often necessary to modify the data during the data validation process. This was done in accordance to the New Zealand “Good Practice Guide for Air Quality Monitoring and Data Management” (2009). The data is checked for zero drift, which if identified is corrected to correspond with the values from the most recent calibration, and outliers are identified if they are outside the range of three standard deviations of the mean, if these outliers represent a legitimate spike in the concentration (3 standard deviations of the mean of values within an hour of either side of the data point) they are retained otherwise removed from the validated data. Negative values less than -1 were removed from the validated data.

In addition, manufacturer guidelines with regards to analyser performance criteria on allowable drift have been taken into account. These guidelines will be applied when applicable and noted in this report.

All zero and span values on the scheduled maintenance dates were removed during validation. All maintenance information can be found under the Maintenance and minor repairs section on page 55 of this report.

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Meteorological overview

Please note that the data for the stations are represented by the following colours:

City of Tshwane: Ekandustria – red; Pretoria West – blue; Mamelodi -green; Rosslyn – purple.

City of Johannesburg: Orange farm – red; Diepsloot – blue; Jabavu – green; Alexandra – purple

Sedibeng: Sedibeng – red; Meyerton - blue Wind speed and direction Wind roses summarise the occurrence of winds at a location, representing their strength, direction and frequency. Each directional branch on a wind rose represents wind originating from that direction. Each directional branch is divided into segments of different colours which are representative of different wind speeds. For the wind roses used in this document, each dotted circle represents a 5% frequency of occurrence. Wind speed classes are represented as 0-1 m/s (red), 1-3 m/s (orange), 3-6 m/s (green) and above 6 m/s (blue).

In addition, a timeseries graph has been included to show hourly averaged wind speed at each of the stations.

City of Tshwane

Figure 4: Timeseries of hourly averaged wind speed data at the City of Tshwane stations.

The predominant winds at Mamelodi (below) during July were easterly to east-south-easterly. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 0 m/s – 3 m/s range.

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Figure 5: Wind rose for Mamelodi

The predominant winds at Ekandustria (below) during July were west-north-westerly and south- south-easterly. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, wind speeds were considerably variable.

Figure 6: Wind rose for Ekandustria

The predominant winds at Rosslyn (below) during July were southerly. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 0 m/s – 3 m/s range.

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Figure 7: Wind rose for Rosslyn

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City of Johannesburg

Figure 8: Timeseries of hourly averaged wind speed data at the City of Johannesburg stations.

The predominant winds at Orange Farm (below) during July were westerly to east-north-easterly. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 3 m/s – 6 m/s range and 6m/s -30m/s range. Wind speeds were considerably high during July 2017.

Figure 9: Wind rose for Orange Farm

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Sedibeng District Municipality

Figure 10: Timeseries of hourly averaged wind speed data at the Sedibeng stations.

The predominant winds at Sedibeng (below) during July were north-north westerly to easterly. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 1 m/s – 4 m/s range.

Figure 11: Wind rose for Sedibeng

The predominant winds at Meyerton (below) during July were easterly. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 0 m/s – 3 m/s range. Less

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frequently occurring winds originating from the westerly to northerly directions were significantly higher.

Figure 12: Wind rose for Meyerton

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Ambient temperature and relative humidity

City of Tshwane

Figure 13: Timeseries of hourly ambient temperature data at the City of Tshwane network stations.

Figure 14: Timeseries of hourly relative humidity data at the City of Tshwane network stations

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City of Johannesburg

Figure 15: Timeseries of hourly ambient temperature data at the City of Johannesburg network stations.

Figure 16: Timeseries of hourly relative humidity data at the City of Joha nnesburg network stations

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Sedibeng District Municipality

Figure 17: Timeseries of hourly ambient temperature data at the Sedibeng network stations.

Figure 18: Timeseries of hourly relative humidity data at the Sedibeng network stations

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Global radiation

City of Tshwane

Figure 19: Timeseries of hourly global radiation data at the City of Tshwane network stations City of Johannesburg No Global radiation is currently logged at the City of Johannesburg – GDARD monitoring stations. Sedibeng District Municipality

Figure 20: Timeseries of hourly global radiation data at the Sedibeng network stations

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Atmospheric pressure

City of Tshwane

Figure 21: Timeseries of hourly atmospheric pressure data at the City of Tshwane network stations City of Johannesburg

No atmospheric pressure is currently logged at the City of Johannesburg – GDARD monitoring stations.

Sedibeng District Municipality

Figure 22: Timeseries of hourly atmospheric pressure data at the Sedibeng network stations

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Pollutant overview

Please note that the data for the stations are represented by the following colours:

City of Tshwane: Ekandustria – red; Pretoria West – blue; Mamelodi -green; Rosslyn – purple.

City of Johannesburg: Orange farm – red; Diepsloot – blue; Jabavu – green; Alexandra – purple

Sedibeng: Sedibeng – red; Meyerton - blue Particulate matter

PM10 concentration

City of Tshwane

The PM10 daily concentrations for all the functioning stations is shown in the figure below. As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report, as well as the figure below, no PM10 was logged during this reporting period.

No PM10 was logged at the CoT network during this reportin period. Figure 23: Timeseries of daily averaged PM10 values at the City of Tshwane network stations

No PM10 was logged at the CoT network during this reportin period.

Figure 24: Diurnal variation of PM10 at the City of Tshwane network stations

City of Johannesburg

The PM10 daily concentrations for all the functioning stations is shown in the figure below. As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report, as well as the figure below, 10 exceedances were logged at Jabavu, 2 exceedances were logged at Orange Farm and 1 exceedance was logged at Alexandra during this period.

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Figure 25: Timeseries of daily averaged PM10 values at the City of Johannesburg network stations

Figure 26: Diurnal variation of PM10 at the City of Johannesburg network stations

Sedibeng District Municipality

The PM10 daily concentrations for all the functioning stations is shown in the figure below. As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report, as well as the figure below, 26 exceedances were logged at Vanderbijlpark, and 13 exceedances were logged at the Meyerton station during this period.

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Figure 27: Timeseries of daily averaged PM10 values at the Sedibeng network stations

Figure 28: Diurnal variation of PM10 at the Sedibeng network stations

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PM2.5 concentrations

City of Tshwane

No PM2.5 data was logged at the CoT network during this reportin period.

Figure 29: Timeseries of daily averaged PM2.5 at the City of Tshwane network stations

No PM2.5 data was logged at the CoT network during this reportin period.

Figure 30: Diurnal variation of PM2.5 at the City of Tshwane network stations

City of Johannesburg

The PM2.5 daily concentrations for all the functioning stations is shown in the figure below. As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report and the graph below, no exceedances were logged during the reporting period.

Figure 31: Timeseries of daily averaged PM2.5 at the City of Johannesburg network stations

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Figure 32: Diurnal variation of PM2.5 at the City of Johannesburg network stations

Sedibeng District Municipality

The PM2.5 daily concentrations for all the functioning stations is shown in the figure below. As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report and the graph below, 1 exceedance was logged at the Meyerton station during the reporting period.

Figure 33: Timeseries of daily averaged PM2.5 at the Sedibeng network stations

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Figure 34: Diurnal variation of PM2.5 at the Sedibeng network stations

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Sulphur dioxide concentrations

City of Tshwane

The concentrations of SO2 logged during July 2017 are presented at 10-minute, hourly and daily intervals. As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report as well as the graphs below, no exceedances were logged during the reporting period.

Figure 35: Timeseries of 10-minute averaged SO 2 at the City of Tshwane network stations

Figure 36: Timeseries of hourly averaged SO 2 at the City of Tshwane network stations

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Figure 37: Timeseries of daily averaged SO 2 at the City of Tshwane network stations

Figure 38: Diurnal variation of SO 2 at the City of Tshwane network stations

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City of Johannesburg

The concentrations of SO2 logged during July 2017 are presented at 10-minute, hourly and daily intervals. As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report as well as the graphs below, no exceedance of the guidelines were logged during the reporting period.

Figure 39: Timeseries of 10-minute averaged SO 2 at the City of Johannesburg network stations

Figure 40: Timeseries of hourly averaged SO 2 at the City of Johannesburg network stations

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Figure 41: Timeseries of daily averaged SO 2 at the City of Johannesburg network stations

Figure 42: Diurnal variation of SO 2 at the City of Johannesburg network stations

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Sedibeng District Municipality

The concentrations of SO2 logged during July 2017 are presented at 10-minute, hourly and daily intervals. As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report as well as the graphs below, 1 exceedance of the

SO2 10-minute guideline was logged at Sedibeng and 1 exceedance of the SO2 hourly guideline was logged at Meyerton during the reporting period.

Figure 43: Timeseries of 10-minute averaged SO 2 at the Sedibeng network stations

Figure 44: Timeseries of hourly averaged SO 2 at the Sedibeng network stations

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Figure 45: Timeseries of daily averaged SO 2 at the Sedibeng network stations

Figure 46: Diurnal variation of SO 2 at the Sedibeng network stations

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Nitric oxide concentration The concentrations of NO logged during July 2017 are presented at hourly intervals. No guideline values have been defined for Nitric oxide.

City of Tshwane

Figure 47: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO data at the City of Tshwane network stations

City of Johannesburg No NO data was logged at the City of Johannesburg during this period.

Sedibeng District Municipality No NO data was logged at the Sedibeng network during this period.

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Nitrogen dioxide concentration

The concentrations of NO2 logged during July 2017 are presented at hourly intervals.

City of Tshwane As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report as well as the graphs below, no exceedances were logged during the reporting period.

Figure 48: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO 2 data at the City of Tshwane network stations

Figure 49: Diurnal variation of NO 2 at the City of Tshwane network stations

City of Johannesburg

No NO2 data was logged at the City of Johannesburg during this period.

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Sedibeng District Municipality

No NO2 data was logged at Sedibeng during this period.

Nitrogen oxides concentration

The concentrations of NOx logged during July 2017 are presented at hourly intervals. No guidelines have been defined for NOx.

City of Tshwane

Figure 50: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO x data for the City of Tshwane network stations

City of Johannesburg No NOx data was logged at the City of Johannesburg during this period.

Sedibeng District Municipality No NOx data was logged at Sedibeng during this period.

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Carbon monoxide concentration The concentrations of CO logged during July 2017 are presented at hourly and 8-hourly intervals.

City of Tshwane As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report, as well as the graphs below, no exceedances were logged during the reporting period.

Figure 51: Timeseries of hourly averaged CO data at the City of Tshwane network stations

Figure 52: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged CO data at the City of Tshwane network stations

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City of Johannesburg No CO data was logged at the City of Johannesburg during this period.

Sedibeng District Municipality No CO data was logged at Sedibeng during this period.

Ozone concentration

The concentrations of O3 logged during July 2017 are presented at 8-hourly intervals.

City of Tshwane As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report, as well as the graph below, no exceedances were recorded during this reporting period.

Figure 53: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged O 3 data at the City of Tshwane network stations

City of Johannesburg As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report, as well as the graph below, 4 exceedances were recorded at the Jabavu station during this reporting period.

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Figure 54: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged O 3 data at the City of Johannesburg network stations

Sedibeng District Municipality As presented in pages 18 - 22 of this report, as well as the graph below, no exceedances were recorded at during this reporting period.

Figure 55: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged O 3 data at the Sedibeng District Municipality network stations

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Station maintenance and calibration

City of Tshwane

Ekandustria Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done Faulty Removed for repairs

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 20/04/17

NOx Zero & Span check Faulty Removed for repairs

O3 Zero & Span check OK Removed for repairs

CO Tedlar bag OK SANS calibration performed on 20/04/17

Met Equipment Calibrations annually Wind speed & SANS calibration Relative humidity performed on 10/07/17 faulty

Table 8: Ekandustria maintenance and calibration schedule Mamelodi Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done Faulty Removed

PM2.5 Not done Faulty Removed

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 21/07/17

NOx Zero & Span check Faulty

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 24/07/17

CO Tedlar bag OK SANS calibration performed on 24/07/17

BTX Not done Faulty SANS calibration performed on 14/05/15

Met Equipment Calibrations annually Relative humidity, SANS calibration wind sensor faulty performed on 10/07/17

Table 9: Mamelodi maintenance and calibration schedule

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TA West Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Reference check Faulty Removed

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 20/07/17

NOx Zero & Span check Faulty – removed SANS calibration on 8/6/2017 performed on 20/04/17

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 20/07/17

CO Tedlar bag Faulty SANS calibration performed on 20/04/17

BTX Not done Faulty Removed

Met Equipment Calibrations annually Faulty SANS calibration to be scheduled

Table 10: PTA West maintenance and calibration schedule Rosslyn Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Reference check OK

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 18/04/17

CO Zero & Span check Removed for fault- finding

NOx Zero & Span check Ok

Met Equipment Calibrations annually Faulty SANS calibration performed on 07/07/17

Table 11: Rosslyn maintenance and calibration schedule

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City of Johannesburg

Orange farm Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Reference check OK Calibrated 18/07/17

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 13/04/17

NOx Zero & Span check Faulty

O3 Zero & Span check OK

Met Equipment Calibrations annually OK SANS calibration performed on 05/07/17

Table 12: Orange Farm maintenance and calibration schedule Diepsloot Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done Station off

SO2 Not done Station off

Met Equipment Calibrations annually Station off

Table 13: Diepsloot maintenance and calibration schedule Jabavu Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Reference check OK Calibration performed on 18/07/17

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 18/07/17

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 18/07/17

Met Equipment Calibrations annually WS/WD, Pressure, SANS calibration Global radiation performed on 05/07/17 faulty

Table 14: Jabavu maintenance and calibration schedule

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Alexandra Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Reference check OK

PM2.5 Reference check OK

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 19/07/17

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 19/07/17

Met Equipment Calibrations annually Pressure, Global SANS calibration radiation faulty performed on 06/07/17

Table 15: Buccleuch maintenance and calibration schedule

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Sedibeng District Municipality

Sedibeng Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Reference check OK

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 17/07/17

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 17/07/17

Met Equipment Calibrations annually Rain and wind SANS calibration sensor faulty performed on 04/07/17

Table 16: Sedibeng maintenance and calibration schedule Meyerton Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done Ok

PM2.5 Not done Ok

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANS calibration performed on 17/07/17

O3 Zero & Span check Faulty Removed

Met Equipment Not done Solar radiation and SANS calibration pressure faulty performed on 04/07/17

Table 17: Meyerton maintenance and calibration schedule

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Maintenance and minor repairs

City of Tshwane Station Date Comments 10/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. Met calibrations performed Ekandustria 25/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. NOx analyser installed and removed again. Analyser unstable 07/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. PTA West 20/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. SANS calibration of SO2 and O3 10/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. SO2 pump removed Met calibration performed Mamelodi 24/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. 2 bearings replaced on SO2 pump SO2 calibration performed on 21/07/17 O3 and CO calibration performed 07/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Rosslyn Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed.

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Met calibration performed 21/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. CO analyser unstable – analyser removed SO2 reinstalled Rain meter loose connection rectified Table 18: Maintenance activities performed during maintenance visits

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City of Johannesburg Station Date Comments 05/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. Met calibration performed Orange Farm 18/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. PM analyser calibrated 06/07/2017 No power to the station. No maintenance performed. Met calibration performed Diepsloot 19/07/2017 No power to the station. SO2 and PM calibration performed 05/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. Met calibration performed Jabavu 18/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. SO2, O3 and PM10 calibrated 06/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. Wind sensor removed. Alexandra Met calibration performed 19/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. SO2 calibration performed Table 19: Maintenance activities performed during maintenance visits

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Sedibeng District Municipality Station Date Comments 04/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. Met calibration performed Sedibeng 17/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. SO2 and O3 calibrated 04/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. Met calibration performed Meyerton 17/07/2017 Sample inlet manifold was cleaned. Sample inlet filters for gas analysers checked and new filters installed where needed. SO2 calibrated Table 20: Maintenance activities performed during maintenance visits

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Faulty equipment

City of Tshwane Station Instrument Period Comments

Ekandustria NOx 01/07/2017 –

PM10 31/07/2017

O3

PTA West PM10 01/07/2017 –

CO 31/07/2017

Met equipment

BTX analyser

Mamelodi NOx analyser 01/07/2017 –

BTX analyser 31/07/2017

PM10

Rosslyn PM10 01/07/2017 –

BTX analyser 31/07/2017

CO 21/07/2017 – 31/07/2017

Table 21: Faulty equipment at City of Tshwane Network stations

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City of Johannesburg Station Instrument Period Comments

Orange Farm Atm Press 01/07/2017 – 31/07/2017 Global Radiation

Rain

NOx

Diepsloot - - -

Jabavu WS/WD 01/07/2017 – 31/07/2017 Atm Press

Global Radiation

Alexandra WS/WD 01/07/2017- - 31/07/2017 Solar radiation

Pressure

Rain

Table 22: Faulty equipment at City of Johannesburg Network stations

Sedibeng Station Instrument Period Comments

Sedibeng WS/WD 04/07/2017- - 31/07/2017

Meyerton O3 01/07/2017 –

31/07/2017 Solar radiation

Pressure

Table 23: Faulty equipment at Sedibeng Network stations

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Discussion and conclusion

The analysis of the data from the operating stations has shown that all the stations had the following collection efficiency after validation:

• City of Tshwane – 94.55 % • City of Johannesburg - 86.58 % • Sedibeng District Municipality – 76.21 %

A SANAS calibration was performed on all available ambient monitoring analysers. Additionally, meteorological instruments were calibrated during this reporting period. Several problems persist with meteorological sensors, particulate monitors and gas analysers. Plans are underway to replace faulty meteorological, particulate and gas sensors. After validation, the total data recovery for the GDARD Monitoring Network (GDARDMN) is 85.78%.

It is important to note that the Buccleuch monitoring station has been substituted with the Alexandra monitoring station due to the break-in and subsequent vandalism of the Buccleuch station.

Exceedances of National Ambient Air Quality Standards are reported for the criteria pollutants during the monitoring period. 1 exceedance for the SO2 10-minute guideline was recorded at

Sedibeng during this period and 1 exceedance for the SO2 hourly guideline was recorded at Meyerton. Sedibeng recorded 26, Meyerton recorded 13, Orange Farm recorded 2, Jabavu recorded 10 and Alexandra recorded 1 exceedance for PM10 during this period. Meyerton recorded 1 exceedance of the PM2.5 NAAQS during this period. 4 exceedances of the O3 NAAQS were recorded at Jabavu during this reporting period.

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ANNEXURE 1: Data validation tables

City of Tshwane Station Parameter Start date Stop date Validation

Wind speed, 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Data associated with wind calibration removed direction, temperature, Relative humidity, Solar radiation

Relative 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Numerous negative spikes humidity and outliers removed

Global 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Baseline adjustment and

Ekandustria radiation negative values removed

SO2 10/07/2017 10/07/2017 Data associated with maintenance activities 25/07/2017 25/07/2017 removed.

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative values removed

CO 10/07/2017 10/07/2017 Data associated with maintenance activities 25/07/2017 25/07/2017 removed.

NOx 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 All data removed – analyser unstable

Rainfall 10/07/2017 10/07/2017 Data associated with maintenance activities 25/07/2017 25/07/2017 removed.

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SO2 07/07/2017 07/07/2017 Data associated with maintenance activities removed.

20/07/2017 20/07/2017 Calibration data removed

O3 07/07/2017 07/07/2017 Maintenance data removed PTA West 20/07/2017 20/07/2017 Calibration data removed

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 3 negative values removed

Rainfall 07/07/2017 07/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

20/07/2017 20/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

Temperature, 10/07/2017 10/07/2017 Calibration data removed Relative humidity, solar radiation

Solar 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Base adjusted by 2.64 radiation W/m2; negative values removed

SO2 01/07/2017 10/07/2017 Erroneous data removed

Mamelodi 21/07/2017 21/07/2017 Calibration data removed

10/07/2017 12/07/2017 Base adjustment: -6.4ppb

12/07/2017 12/07/2017 Erroneous data removed

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 2 Negative values removed

CO 10/07/2017 10/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

24/07/2017 24/07/2017 Calibration data removed

01/07/2017 24/07/2017 Base adjustment: -1ppm

O3 10/07/2017 10/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

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24/07/2017 24/07/2017 Calibration data removed

05/07/2017 05/07/2017 Noisy data removed

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Base adjustment: -0.7ppb

Temperature, 07/07/2017 07/07/2017 Calibration data removed Relative humidity, Wind speed, wind direction

Temperature, 24/07/2017 31/07/2017 Erroneous data removed Relative humidity, Wind speed, wind direction, Solar radiation, Rosslyn Pressure

SO2 20/07/2017 20/07/2017 Data associated with instrument warmup and stabilization removed

21/07/2017 21/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

20/07/2017 20/07/2017 Base adjustment: 1ppb

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative values removed

O3 07/07/2017 07/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

21/07/2017 21/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

21/07/2017 31/07/2017 Base adjustment: 3.5ppb

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative values

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01/07/2017 21/07/2017 Positive drift adjustment: 2ppb

NO, NO2, NOx 07/07/2017 07/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

21/07/2017 21/07/2017

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative drift adjusted: NOX correction applied

Rainfall 07/07/2017 07/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

21/07/2017 21/07/2017

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City of Johannesburg Station Parameter Start date Stop date Validation

WS/WD, 05/07/2017 05/07/2017 Calibration data removed Temperature, Relative humidity

Solar radiation 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 All data removed- instrument fault

SO2 05/07/2017 05/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

18/07/2017 18/07/2017

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative values removed Orange Farm

O3 05/07/2017 05/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

18/07/2017 18/07/2017

08/07/2017 08/07/2017 Erroneous data before and after gap (possible power issue)

PM10 18/07/2017 18/07/2017 Calibration data removed

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative and zero spikes removed on numerous occassions

Rain 05/07/2017 05/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

Diepsloot N/A N/A N/A Station power off

WS/WD 01/07/2017 05/07/2017 Erroneous data removed

Temperature 03/07/2017 14/07/2017 Erroneous data removed

01/07/2017 01/07/2017 Negative spike removed Jabavu

RH 05/07/2017 05/07/2017 Calibration data removed

Solar 01/07/2017 05/07/2017 Erroneous data removed

radiatiom

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SO2 05/07/2017 05/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

18/07/2017 18/07/2017 Calibration data removed

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Base adjustment: 0.1ppb

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative values removed

Temperature, 06/07/2017 06/07/2017 Calibration data removed Relative

humidity

Relative 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Rescaled to 100% Humidity

PM10 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Erroneous – negative flat-lining data removed PM2.5 Alexandra

SO2 19/07/2017 19/07/2017 Calibration data removed

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Data associated with gaps (possible power problems) deleted

01/07/2017 19/07/2017 Base adjustment: 2ppb

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative values

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Sedibeng District Municipality Station Parameter Start date Stop date Validation

WS/WD 04/07/2017 31/07/2017 Faulty sensor – data removed

WS 01/07/2017 04/07/2017 Base adjustment: -0.7m/s

Temperature, 04/07/2017 04/07/2017 Calibration data removed Relative humidity, solar radiation, Pressure

RH 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Base adjustment: -1%

Solar 01/07/2017 04/07/2017 Base adjustment: -1 W/m2 radiation 04/07/2017 31/07/2017 Base adjustment: -1.2W/m2

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative values removed Sedibeng SO2 04/07/2017 04/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

17/07/2017 17/07/2017 Calibration data removed

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Base adjustment: -0.65ppb

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative value and outlier removed

O3 04/07/2017 04/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

17/07/2017 17/07/2017 Calibration data removed

09/07/2017 09/07/2017 Noisy data removed

01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Negative values removed

Rainfall 04/07/2017 04/07/2017 Calibration data removed

17/07/2017 17/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

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WS/WD, 04/07/2017 04/07/2017 Calibration data removed temperature, relative humidity, rainfall

Rainfall 17/07/2017 17/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

04/07/2017 04/07/2017 Calibration data remove Meyerton

SO2 04/07/2017 04/07/2017 Maintenance data removed

17/07/2017 17/07/2017 Calibration data removed

01/07/2017 17/07/2017 Base adjustment: 3ppb

PM10, PM2.5 11/07/2017 11/07/2017 Data points after gap, possibly associated with power

PM10 01/07/2017 31/07/2017 Outliers deleted

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