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TIE-IN of NPP “BELENE” to the ELECTRIC GRID Sen.Res.Assoc., El.Eng., Ph.D

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TIE-IN of NPP “BELENE” to the ELECTRIC GRID Sen.Res.Assoc., El.Eng., Ph.D TIE-IN OF NPP “BELENE” TO THE ELECTRIC GRID Sen.Res.Assoc., El.Eng., Ph.D. Kiril D. TAGAROV “Energy Institute” JSC – Sofia, 20, F. Joliot-Curie st., 1113 Sofia, phone: (+3592) 9698 627, FAX: (+3592) 963 40 38, E-mail: [email protected] Sen.Res.Assoc., El.Eng., Ph.D. Christo K. CHRISTOV “Energy Institute” JSC – Sofia Sen.Res.Assoc., El.Eng., Ph.D. Hristo V. VASSILEV “Energy Institute” JSC – Sofia Ph.D. Student Violeta Hr. HRISTOVA Institute of Information Technologies - BAS, 1113 Sofia Keywords: tie-in, stability, reliability, electric grid, alternative options 1. General considerations regarding the tie-in of NPP "Belene" to the power system The earlier studies about the capacity of NPP "Belene" performed in the 1980s considered up to 4 generating units of 1000 MW. It was decided that the electricity output will be on a 400 kV voltage level. The voltage 220 kV was rejected due to the decision not to develop in the future this voltage level. The voltage 750 kV was rejected due to the decline of the growth rate of the electricity demand in Bulgaria and due to the decision that it is not more feasible to import great amounts of electricity. Each 1000 MW turbogenerator must be connected to the 400 kV switchyard by a block-scheme "generator-transformer" through 2 unit transformers of 630 MVA each, operating in parallel. It was considered, that the tie-in of the generating units of NPP "Belene" to the power system will be performed with 4 double-circuit overhead lines at a voltage level 400 kV in the following stages: − 1-st unit: - one double-circuit line to s/s "Tsarevets" c.a. 75 km long - one double-circuit line to a new 400/110 kV s/s "Russe" c.a. 92 km long − 2-nd unit: - no construction of new lines is foreseen − 3-rd unit: - one double-circuit line to a new 400/110 kV s/s "Karlovo" c.a. 145 km long − 4-th unit: - one double-circuit line to a new 400/110 kV s/s "Pleven" c.a. 70 km long. The construction of the above mentioned new 400/110 kV substations near the towns Russe, Karlovo or Pleven will depend not only on the options for the tie-in of NPP "Belene" but also on the growth of the electric loads in these regions of the country and must be determined by a new Expansion Plan of the high-voltage transmission grid (400 and 220 kV voltage levels) of Bulgaria. The last study on the development of the Bulgarian HV electric grid was "Investigation of the transmission high- voltage network of Bulgaria" conducted 10 years ago (in 1994) in "Energoproekt" PLC as a "PHARE" project of the European Union with the German company "Fichtner" CE. The present situation and the latest forecasts show that the growth rate of the electricity consumption in R. of Bulgaria are much lower than it has been expected in the 1980s. As shown in the new "Least-Cost Plan for the Development of the Electric Energy Sector of the R. of Bulgaria for the period 2004 - 2020" prepared by the National Electric Company NEK - PLC in September 2003, up to the year 2020 the needed capacity of a new nuclear power plant will be not greater than 2 units of 1000 MW and there are also options with one or two 600 (650) MW units. The present situation of the high-voltage transmission network in Bulgaria (400 and 220 kV voltage levels), is shown on Fig. 1. On the same figure with dash-dotted lines are shown the following future developments of the high voltage grid, for which there are decisions to be constructed: − a new 400 kV overhead line from NPP "Kozloduy" to a new s/s 400/110 kV "Bononia"; − the 400 kV overhead line "Zlatitsa - Plovdiv" will be finalized; − a new 400 kV interconnection line from s/s "Chervena mogila" (Bulgaria) to s/s "Dubrovo" (Macedonia). 1 A second 400 kV line from Bulgaria to s/s "Philippi" in Greece is being planned to be constructed, but the 400 kV substation on Bulgarian territory has not yet been chosen. At present, as shown on Fig. 1, the 750 kV interconnection line "Varna" (Bulgaria) - "Isaccea" (Romania) is not in service and one of the 750/400 kV autotransformers is being used as a temporary replacement of the 400/220 kV autotransformer on the 400/220/110 kV s/s "Dobrudja", which is at present out of service. In the future it is planned to use the 750 kV line "Varna (Bulgaria) - Isaccea (Romania)" at a voltage level 400 kV. This new situation regarding the forecast of the electricity demand and the development of the power system confirm the results from the studies conducted in the 1980s that the tie-in of NPP "Belene" to the power system must be performed on a 400 kV voltage level. The power plant "Belene" must also have connections to the 110 kV network to ensure back-up power supply of the auxiliaries. 2. Tie-in of NPP "Belene" to the electric power system 2.A. Options for construction of NPP "Belene" with one 600 MW unit or with 2 units In the study "Investigation of the transmission high-voltage network of Bulgaria" conducted in 1994 in "Energoproekt" PLC as a "PHARE" project of the European Union with the German company "Fichtner" CE, NPP "Belene" was considered to be with only one unit of 600 MW. In this case the optimum solution for the tie-in was the following: − double-circuit line 400 kV with length c.a. 75 km to s/s "Tsarevets"; − single-circuit line 400 kV with length c.a. 70 km to a new s/s 400/110 kV "Pleven". The 400 kV connections of NPP "Belene" for the case of 1 unit of 600 MW are shown on Fig. 2. 2 In the case of construction of two 600 (650) MW units or one or two 1000 MW units the options for tie-in must be with four 400 kV circuits. It is possible to construct a double-circuit 400 kV line "Belene-Pleven" as shown on Fig. 2.a or two single-circuit 400 kV overhead-lines: "Belene-Pleven" and "Belene-Russe-Dobrudja" (or "Belene- Russe-Varna") as shown on Fig. 2.b. 3 For improvement of the transient stability of NPP "Belene" and for the reduction of the active power losses in the high-voltage transmission grid it may be necessary to construct a new 400 kV overhead line from s/s "Tsarevets" to a new s/s "Karlovo" with a length of c.a. 114 km and to break the 400 kV line from s/s "Zlatitsa" to s/s "Plovdiv" in s/s "Karlovo". The technical and economic advantages of a new line "Tsarevets-Karlovo" must be further investigated, taking into account the new conditions of the development of the Bulgarian power system. 2.B. Other options for construction of NPP "Belene" with two nuclear units In the new "Plan for the development of the electric energy sector of the R. of Bulgaria for the period 2004 - 2020" prepared by the National Electric Company NEK - PLC in September 2003, are considered the following cases for finalization of NPP "Belene": • 1-st unit 1000 MW and 2-nd unit (if constructed) - also 1000 МW; • 1-st unit 1000 MW and 2-nd unit (if constructed) - 600 МW; • 1-st unit 600 MW and 2-nd unit (if constructed) - also 600 МW; According the new studies the construction of more than 2 nuclear units until 2020 is not feasible. All electrical and technico-economic studies confirm, that the generating units must be connected to the power system at a voltage level 400 kV, and the power station auxiliaries must have a back-up electricity supply at a voltage level 110 kV. The following double-circuit lines outgoing from NPP "Belene" are possible: • NPP "Belene" - s/s "Tsarevets" 400/110 kV (near the town V. Tarnovo) with length c.a. 75 km • NPP "Belene" - s/s "Dobrudja" 400/220/110 kV or s/s "Varna" 750/400 kV (both substations are near the village Suvorovo) with length c.a. 235 km, one of the circuits being cut-off in a new s/s "Ruse" - 400/110 kV • NPP "Belene" - new s/s "Pleven" 400/110 kV with a length of c.a. 70 km. One of the possible options for the tie-in of NPP "Belene" with one unit of 1000 MW or with two units (either of 600 or 1000 MW) to the 400 kV grid is shown on Fig. 3. 4 In the case of construction of a combined-cycle thermal power plant on natural gas in Silistra with either one (two) or more units of 450 (500) MW, the double-circuit 400 kV overhead line from s/s "Russe" to s/s ""Dobrudja" shown on Fig. 3 may be constructed as a single-circuit line as shown on figures 4 and 4.a. 5 It is recommended to construct the new 400 kV lines with bundle steel-aluminum conductors, three conductors per phase with a cross-section of 400 or 500 mm2 , type ACO-400 or ACO-500 (unlike the earlier decisions to construct them with 2 conductors per phase) in order to minimize the noise caused by the corona effect. The tie-in of NPP "Belene" will depend on the growth of the load demand in the different parts of the country and on the necessity of construction of new 400/110 kV substations near the towns Russe, Karlovo and Pleven.
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