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THE ERMINE STREET GUARD INFORMATION PACK CONTACT DETAILS E-Mail - [email protected] Website - www.erminestreetguard.co.uk Telephone - 01452 862235 About The Ermine Street Guard Since its formation in 1972, the Guard has become the leading society studying the Roman Army and its equipment. Authenticity and Research Each piece of kit is made as authentically as is practicable based on recent research. The majority of the equipment is made by Guard Education members to high standards of workmanship Public displays are given at major Roman sites throughout Great Britain and Eu- and accuracy and is continually being added rope. The displays include aspects of the Roman soldier’s training, the shooting to and improved as new information and finds of artillery pieces and a static army camp display. At selected venues the Guard become available. The Guard works closely is also joined by fully equipped Roman cavalrymen. with leading academics in the field to ensure the kit is correct based on current research. Please contact the Guard for further details of venues or visit the website. Roman Officers Centurio The Centurio was the Officer in charge of a Century of 80 men. A Century never consisted of 100 men, and in Republican times only consisted of 60 men. The Centurio was normally a career soldier who had worked his way up through the ranks and was tough and experienced. In battle he would lead from the front, which meant they had a high mortality rate. The equipment reflected his high status and was designed to make him easy to pick out in battle. -
A COMPANION to the ROMAN ARMY Edited By
ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page iii A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY Edited by Paul Erdkamp ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page i A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page ii BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical lit- erature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. Ancient History Published A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Edited by Daniel C. Snell Robert Morstein-Marx A Companion to the Hellenistic World A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by David S. Potter In preparation A Companion to Ancient History A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Archaic Greece A Companion to Byzantium Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees Edited by Elizabeth James A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Miriam Griffin Literature and Culture Published A Companion to Catullus A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner Edited by Ian Worthington A Companion to Greek Religion A Companion to Ancient Epic Edited by Daniel Ogden Edited by John Miles Foley A Companion to Classical Tradition A Companion to Greek Tragedy Edited by Craig W. -
Roman Soldier Germanic Warrior Lindsay Ppowellowell
1st Century AD Roman Soldier VERSUS Germanic Warrior Lindsay Powell © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com 1st Century ad Roman Soldier Germanic Warrior Lindsay PowellPowell © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com INTRODUCTION 4 THE OPPOSING SIDES 10 Recruitment and motivation t Morale and logistics t Training, doctrine and tactics Leadership and communications t Use of allies and auxiliaries TEUTOBURG PASS 28 Summer AD 9 IDISTAVISO 41 Summer AD 16 THE ANGRIVARIAN WALL 57 Summer AD 16 ANALYSIS 71 Leadership t Mission objectives and strategies t Planning and preparation Tactics, combat doctrine and weapons AFTERMATH 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY 78 INDEX 80 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com Introduction ‘Who would leave Asia, or Africa, or Italia for Germania, with its wild country, its inclement skies, its sullen manners and aspect, unless indeed it were his home?’ (Tacitus, Germania 2). This negative perception of Germania – the modern Netherlands and Germany – lay behind the reluctance of Rome’s great military commanders to tame its immense wilderness. Caius Iulius Caesar famously threw a wooden pontoon bridge across the River Rhine (Rhenus) in just ten days, not once but twice, in 55 and 53 bc. The next Roman general to do so was Marcus Agrippa, in 39/38 bc or 19/18 bc. However, none of these missions was for conquest, but in response to pleas for assistance from an ally of the Romans, the Germanic nation of the Ubii. It was not until the reign of Caesar Augustus that a serious attempt was made to annex the land beyond the wide river and transform it into a province fit for Romans to live in. -
MARINES and MARINERS in the ROMAN IMPERIAL FLEETS Jasper
MARINES AND MARINERS IN THE ROMAN IMPERIAL FLEETS Jasper Oorthuijs Since Chester Starr’s 1941 book The Roman Imperial Navy it has become generally accepted knowledge that “the crew of each warship, regard- less of its size, formed one centuria under its centurio (classicus) in the manner of a legionary centuria.”1 Boldly stating his case, Starr solved one of the most problematic peculiarities in the epigraphic habit of Roman naval troops in one great swoop. The problem referred to is the following: in roughly two thirds of the exstant inscriptions milites of the imperial eets stated that they belonged to some kind of war- ship, while the other third indicated that they belonged to a centuria. A small number indicated neither and a very few referred to both ship and centuria. Starr’s statement was never challenged despite the prob- lems that clearly exist with this theory. In what follows some of those problems will be addressed. First of all, the consequence of Starr’s theory is that we have to accept the idea that centuriones classici commanded a great range of troops: ship’s crews ranged in size from some 50 men for a liburna up to 400 in quinqueremes.2 There are however no indications of different grades of centurio in the eets. Moreover, because Starr squeezes a naval and army hierarchy into one, the trierarchs and navarchs, whether captains or squadron commanders, have to be forced in somewhere. Starr him- self never seems to have found a satisfying solution for that problem and its practical results. -
Medical Care in the Roman Army During the High Empire
chapter 10 Medical Care in the Roman Army during the High Empire Ido Israelowich A range of evidential sources indicate that medical care was habitually pro- vided in the various units of the Roman imperial army.* However, while there is no doubt that medical care was on offer within the Roman army, that it was provided by physicians who were also soldiers, and that it was supervised and managed by military commanders, its extent, raison d’être, formation, and impact on civic medicine are not beyond dispute.1 This chapter will evaluate the scope of medical care available to Roman soldiers during the High Empire and assess its impact on Roman healthcare in general, and upon popular med- icine in particular. The essay’s starting point will be an evaluation of the evi- dence in support of the existence of a ‘medical corps’, and its reach within the military setting. I will then move on to consider its responsibilities, and reconsider the influence of the Roman medical corps on wider society. Finally, to conclude, I will ask whether a ‘grand design’ lay behind the medical corps’ foundation by the Roman imperial government. Evidence for Medical Care in the Roman Army There is a wealth of evidence to support the assertion that medical care was available throughout the Roman army. To begin, official titles of military per- sonnel, together with material remains, confirm that soldiers received the ser- vices of doctors. Inscriptions commemorated army doctors bearing the titles * I would like to thank Professor W.V. Harris for inviting me to the Popular Medicine confer- ence in 2014. -
225 Agnieszka Tomas
AGNIESZKA TOMAS, LIFE ON THE FRONTIER: ROMAN MILITARY FAMILIES IN LOWER MOESIA STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 16/2017 ISSN 2082-5951 DOI 10.14746/seg.2017.16.12 Agnieszka Tomas (Warsaw) LIFE ON THE FRONTIER: ROMAN MILITARY FAMILIES IN LOWER MOESIA Abstract The epigraphic evidence from four Lower Moesian legionary bases provides information about military-civilian society living along the Lower Danubian frontier zone. The inscriptions on stone originating from these four sites informs not only about the names, age or status of the people living in the border zone, but may be helpful in recreating the emergence of Roman provincial society in the military garrisons. The epigraphic evidence collected from Oescus, Novae, Durostorum, and Troesmis includes only the inscriptions related to the people who were not active soldiers and officers serving in the legions. The aim of the paper is to find out whether the epigraphic evidence may bring any additional information concerning the civilian and military families, ethnic and social composition of the inhabitants living near legionary bases, conditions of life, and the nature of the settlement. Key words Roman frontier archaeology, Lower Moesia, extramural settlement, epigraphic evidence 225 STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 16/2017 · SOCIAL HISTORY, RELIGION AND PROSOPOGRAPHY Géza Alföldy published some tens of monographs and a number of articles, book chapters and reviews on epigraphy, social history, history of the Roman provinces, Roman army and administration, historiography and prosopography. He was also very devoted to onomastic analyses, paying the same attention to the elites and to the low social strata. The role of Roman settlements near military bases can be analysed from different points of view, but each investigation leads to observations which are crucial in understanding the development of the Roman provincial society. -
Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome
Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome ................................................................ 4 Mystical Rome Credits .................................................................................... 5 Target Audience ............................................................................................ 5 Rating and Descriptors: R ............................................................................... 5 Mystical Rome Inspiration ............................................................................... 6 Mystical Rome Budget .................................................................................... 7 Mystical Rome Archetypes ............................................................................... 7 Artisan .................................................................................................... 7 Barbarian ................................................................................................. 9 Bureaucrat ..............................................................................................10 Clergy ....................................................................................................11 Criminal ..................................................................................................12 Druid ......................................................................................................13 Gladiator .................................................................................................14 -
Roman Military Medicine
Roman Military Medicine Roman Military Medicine: Survival in the Modern Wilderness By Valentine J. Belfiglio and Sylvia I. Sullivant Roman Military Medicine: Survival in the Modern Wilderness By Valentine J. Belfiglio and Sylvia I. Sullivant This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Valentine J. Belfiglio and Sylvia I. Sullivant All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3087-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3087-4 To Ellie and Brent. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations .................................................................................... ix Foreword ................................................................................................... xi Chapter I ..................................................................................................... 1 Introduction Chapter II .................................................................................................... 5 Sanitation in Ancient Roman Military Hospitals Chapter III ................................................................................................ 13 Control of Epidemics Chapter IV ............................................................................................... -
WJEC Level 1 Certificate in Latin Language and Roman Civilisation
WJEC Level 1 Certificate in Latin Language and Roman Civilisation Prescribed source material for Topic 3: The Roman Army Summer 2018, Summer 2019, Summer 2020 This is the official prescribed source material booklet for the WJEC Level 1 Certificate in Latin Language and Roman Civilisation Contents Introduction .........................................................................................................................3 Recruitment and training of legionaries and auxilaries..................................................4 Weapons and equipment ...................................................................................................8 Daily duties .......................................................................................................................11 Pay and promotion .......................................................................................................... 15 The legionary fortress ..................................................................................................... 19 Military tombstones ......................................................................................................... 24 2 WJEC Latin Language and Roman Civilisation: The Roman Army Introduction This booklet is designed to support teaching and learning for Unit 9512 (Roman Civilisation Topics) of the WJEC Level 1 Certificate in Latin Language and Roman Civilisation. Two topics are prescribed in each examination and candidates are required to answer the questions on one topic. The topic The Roman -
Ludus Militis
Ludus Militis Tactica Tactical Drill Handbook Kal. Maius ©MMDCCLXIII a.u.c. (©2010 A.D.) Lesson I Lesson III Stationary Commands Open Order Evolutions Reverte As you were! or, Revert to Original Position Movete. State Forward March! Halt! State Stand Fast! (or Rest in Place) Ad Contum [Scutum], Clina. Move. State. Redi Silentium Silence! Muta Locum Change Places! Mandata Captate Attention to Orders. Opening and Closing while Marching Captate Attention Iunge Close Order! Arma, Portate Carry Arms! Largi Open Order! Arma, Demittite Lower Arms! Ad Latus, Stringe By Flank, Draw In! Signum Demittite Leave the Standard! Largi ad Ambas Partes Open Up to Both Sides Commands to Adjust Formation Dirige Frontem Dress the Front! Move Ad Scutum Move Toward the Shield! Evolutions in Close Order Move Ad Contum Move Toward the Spear! Dirige, Frontem Dress the Front! Movete Forward March! Cede Give Way! Move ad Contum/Scutum Incline to the Right/Left Facings Lesson IV Ad Contum, Clina To the Spear, Face! Redi Return to Front! Change of Front Ad Scutum, Clina! To the Shield, Face! Ad Signum. Deponite To the Standard. Change Front by Files! Transforma About Face! Ad Contum, Iunge To the Spear, Close Up! Ad Contum Oblique, Clina! Right Oblique, Face! Ad Contum, Depone To the Spear, Change Front!. Ad Scutum Oblique, Clina! Left Oblique, Face! Ad Scutum, Largi To the Left Flank, Open Up! Doubling and Undoubling files Ad Scutum, Iunge To the Shield, Close Up! Ad Scutum, Depone To the Shield, Change Front!. Ad Duo. Exi To Two Ranks, File Out! Ad Contum, Largi To the Right Flank, Open Up! Ad Quattuor. -
University „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Iaşi Faculty of History
UNIVERSITY „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” IAŞI FACULTY OF HISTORY ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS THE ORIGIN OF THE LEGIONARIES IN MOESIA INFERIOR PhD SUPERVISOR: PROF. UNIV. DR. LUCREŢIU MIHAILESCU BÎRLIBA Student – PhD: ELENA ADAM IAŞI 2013 THE ORIGIN OF THE LEGIONARIES IN MOESIA INFERIOR Elena ADAM CONTENTS Introduction 2 I. Legio V Macedonica 1. Short history of the legion 3 2. The analysis of the inscriptions 4 3. Conclusions 5 II. Legio I Italica 1. Short history of the legion 6 2. The analysis of the inscriptions 7 3. Conclusions 8 III. Legio XI Claudia 1. Short history of the legion 9 2. The analysis of the inscriptions 10 3. Conclusions 10 IV. Criteria of recruitment 1. Fighting for Rome 11 2. Considerations regarding recruitment in the 12 Roman Empire 13 The pattern of recruitment in Moesia Inferior 15 Supplementum epigraphicum 15 References 2 THE ORIGIN OF THE LEGIONARIES IN MOESIA INFERIOR Elena ADAM INTRODUCTION This paper is situated in the series of studies that follow the transition of the perspective over the Roman army seen as an institution, towards the analysis of individuals. The title suggests a composite approach of the subject, without claiming to unravel all the aspects of the issue. The topic can be seen as an equation with multiple variables that this thesis will try to define along the way. The submitted task is based on the necessity of establishing a pattern of recruitment for the province Moesia Inferior. Even though there are many studies where certain aspects of the legionary recruitment in the Roman provinces have been discussed, for example, Germania, Gallia, Britannia, or analyses of recruiting different ethnic groups in the Roman army (the Batavians, the Thracians, the Dacians, etc.), the analysis of the imperial recruitment system in the Danubian province debated here will underline interesting elements concerning the mobility and also the immobility of the legions. -
What Jobs Could Soldiers Do Within the Auxiliary Unit?
A UNESCO World Heritage Site What jobs could soldiers do within the Auxiliary Unit? These jobs are known to have existed in auxiliary units as they are recorded in inscriptions or in surviving documents. Exactly what each job entailed is not always clear. Tiro = new recruit Miles = rank and file soldier Immunis = a rank and file soldier excused fatigues because of special duties Principalis = category of those officers below the rank of centurion or decurion, who were paid either one and a half or two times the rate of a rank and file soldier Latin title Job Comments Staff in the office of the commanding officer Cornicularius Chief clerk of unit Double pay Actarius Clerk Below the cornicularius in rank Librarius Clerk/copyist Beneficiarius Officer seconded by a superior Often lives outside the fort officer for special duties Unit standard bearers Decurio Decurion, in charge of cavalry Paid at least five times as much as a turma rank and file soldier; paid more than an infantry centurion Centurio Centurion, in charge of Paid at least five times as much as a infantry century rank and file soldier Signifer Standard bearer and Double pay; one for each book-keeper century and turma; usually had at least 15 years’ service Optio Second-in-command to Double pay; sometimes called centurion ‘duplicarius’ [= double] Duplicarius Second-in-command to The term is also used generally of any decurion soldier paid twice the normal rate 1 Jobs within the Auxiliary Unit : Background information A UNESCO World Heritage Site Tesserarius Officer officer below the rank of Pay and a half; only in infantry.