E Chronik Der Jüdischen Familie Loeb

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E Chronik Der Jüdischen Familie Loeb iiilrl{iiiiiüffi B§IT&1iGE ZUX JIIOISCHEN GESCHICIITE IN"R*IEINLA\'D'PFÄLZ E E Chronik der jüdischen Familie Loeb aus Simmern unter Dhaun von Dr. Roland Flade 1560 Vorbemerkung Geschi.chte in Ein Jude namens Aron lebt in Simmern Der Aufsatz entstand als Auflragsarbeit Beiträge zur iüd.ßchen Der kleine Ort liegt auf e Pfalz h e r au s g ib t. B i s auf kl e i - unter Dhaun. fi)r John L. Loeb Jr., New York, im Rah- Rh intand- M anuskript halbem Weg zwischen Trier und Darm- men einer gröJ3eren F amilienforschung nere Er gänzung en blieb das stadt, etwa 40 Meilen von Offenbach. äber Vorfahrenvon Mt Loeb, darunter unveröndert. die Familie Lehmann aus RimPar bei unter Dhaun Die Geschichte Simmems reicht wahr- Würzburg und die Familie Moses aus Seit 1971 trcigt Simmern Hie r w ird durch- scheinlichbis ins zweite Jahrtausendvor Bederkesa bei Bremerhaven. Das Ma- den N amen S immertal. ver- unserer Zeitrechnung zurück. Funde aus nuskript basiert überwiegend nicht auf gängig die historische Bezeichnung der Hügel- wie es auch die Angehörigen Hügelgräbern datieren aus Quellenarbeit vor Ort; das gesamte wendet, so übermehre- bronzezeit(1600- 1 200 vor Christus) und Dokumentenmaterial über die jüdische der Familie I'oeb taten, die kleinen Ort leb- aus der Römerzeit. Der älteste Ortsname Gemeinde in Simmern unter Dhaun und re Generationen in dern ,,Simera" ist keltischen Ursprungs' ein Te il de r Literatur w urden dem Auto r ten. von Erich Oellig, Simmertal, und Hans' des Manuskripts Seit dem 14. Jahrhundert befindet sich B erkemann, Sobernheim, zur Die Veröffentlichung Eberhqrd Juden ge- e s t immun g v on das ,,Judenregal", das Recht, Veffigung gestellt. Beiden gebührt be- e rfol gt mit fr e undlich r Zu Ubertragung aus gen Zahlung des,,Judenschutzgeldes" sonderer Dank. tohn L. Loeb, Jr. Die der Wild- und dem Englischen besorgte der Autor. anzusiedeln, in der Hand Rheingrafen zu Dhaun.l An eine Veröffentlichung der Arbeit war zunächst nicht ge dacht. Sie wurde an g e' Die Grafen leben entweder auf Schloß regt von Matthias Molitor, der gemein' Dhaun, hoch über Simmern unterDhaun, sam mit Hans -Eberhard Berkemann die oder im nahegelegenen Kirn. auf tlem dten.iütlis<:hen tJntgestür7.ter Grub.stein de s Dcryid Loeb, gest. um 20. 09. 1871, Zehr. Jafue zuvor, wfirend der Refor- FriedhoJ ton Sintmern Lotter Dhaun. irn Waltltlistrikt Apfelbaclt mation, wurde Simmern protostantisch' In den folgenden Jahrhunderten dürfen keine Katholiken in dem Ort leben. Bis weit ins 19. Jahrhundert hinein gehöft die Bevölkerung fast ausschließlich der evangelischen Religion an' Noch im Jahr 1858 sind von 686 Einwohnem nur 53 jüdisch und 39 katholisch'2 Schloß Dhaun, dessen Anfänge in die Zert w 12 I 5 zurickoeichen, beherbergt heute eine Heimvolkshochschule und die Kommunalakademie Rheiniand- Pfalz.3 1692 Ein Jude Joseph wird als Bewohner von :+:6* B§ITRAGE.ZUR JÜDISCTTEN COSCHICIITE IN RIIEINLAND-PFALZ {)t, :v.ua.'r/ t im $o§tc toufenb atgt! -* zO *",.*-----"-- ,nbf;nf,n bie[e trffürerbcl 'r'I. -/Aer"{t 4 '-'r--':- t" Todesurkunde David Loebs aus dem Archiv des Standesamtes der Verbandsgemeinde Soberuheim Simmern unter Dhaun erwähnt. Wäh- 1723 14..Iuli L789 rend der ersten Hiilfte der 17 . Jahrhun- derts sind viele Ortsbewohner der Pest In Simmern lebt Jud Hertz.l Fall der Bastille in Paris. Zahheiche fliehen nach zum Opfer gefallen. In den J afuen 1612l französische Aristokraten darunter zwei Brüder Kö- 13 sterben 139Menschen, zwischen 1635 Deutschland, in Koblenz und 1636 nochmals ll2.DieZahl der 1730 nig Ludwigs XVI., die sich als Haushalte verringert sich von 40 auf niederlassen. Sie sammeln Truppen zwölf (1648).4 Im Jahr 1673 besetzen Ein Jude names Löb wird in Simmern konterrevolutionäres Werkzeug. Truppen des französischen Königs Lud- unter Dhaun erwähnt.8 wig XIV. Simmern.5 Auch hier ist eine Verwandtschaft mit Jacob Loeb zu vermuten, aber nicht nach- t790l9l zuweisen. die fran- 1705 Nach langerDiskussion gewährt zösische Nationalversammlung im Ja- Fünf jüdische Familien leben in Sim- 1782 nuar 1790 den französischen Juden se- mern unter Dhaun. phardischer Herkunft die Staatsbürger- Jah- Eine trägt den Namen Löw.6 Marie, Tochter des Handelsmanns Isaak schaft. Im September des folgenden Berrmann und seiner Frau Marie, wird res erhalten die Juden aschkenasischer Die Namen ,,Löw" und ,,Löb" bzw. in Offenbach geboren.e Herkunft ähnliche Rechte. Diese Ge- setzgebung wird auch in jenen Territori- ,,Loeb" werden oft zur Bezeichnung ein während und derselben Person verwendet. en eingeführt, die Frankreich der Revolutionskriege und der Napoleo- Bei ,,Jud Löw" könnte es sich daher 1789 auch in durchaus um das erste bekannte Mit- nischen Kriege erobert, darunter des glied der Familie Loeb handeln' JacobLoeb wirdin SimmernunterDhaun den deutschen Gebieten links geboren. Seine Eltern sind unbekannt. 10 Rheins.1l -62- ' BEITRTIGE zuk JÜnIscHtI$ GEsCHICT{TE IN RHBTNLAND-pFALz 1797 Dhaun, stirbt 50jährig. Er wohnt im Haus Langgasse 3.21 Frankreich ergreift offiziell Besitz von den deutschen Gebieten links des Rheins. Loeb Hertz ist möglicherweise identisch Nach dem Frieden von Lundville wer- mit Löb Herzll-öw Hertz, der 1795 er- den drei d6partements gebildet. Sim- wähnt wurde. Er wohnt in dem Haus, das mem unter Dhaun gehört zum d6pafie- später Jacob Loeb gehört. Es kann daher 16 ment Rhin-et-Moselle. vermutet werden, daß beide miteinander verwandt sind. Möglicherweise ist Loeb Hertz J acob Loebs Vater. 1. Mai 1798 In den neuen französischen Provinzen 1811 links des Rheins werden Standesämter eingerichtet, die Geburten, Hochzeiten Zwei Söhne von Jacob Loeb und seiner und Todesfälle verzeichnen. Zuvor lag Frau Marie werden in Simmern unter Grabplatte des IsaakStern, gest. am 12. 11. diese Aufgabe in den Händen der Kir- Dhaun geboren. 1878. vom alten jüdischen Friedhof von Merkwürdigerweise tra- Simmern unter Dhaun. Auf ihr stand yiele che.17 gen beide den Namen David. Es ist anzu- Jahre ein Ofen in einer Waldarbeiterhütte nehmen, daß zumindest einer einen zu- sätzlichen Vomamen hat. Im Archiv des Um 1805 Standesamts der heutigen Verbandsge- 1793 meinde Sobernheim findet sich ledig- Jacob Loeb aus Simmern unter Dhaun lich eine Geburtsurkunde. Sie hat im In Simmern unter Dhaun leben sechs heiratet Marie, Tochter von Isaak Berr- französischen Original folgenden Wort- jüdische Familien. Jede Familie zahlt mann und seiner Frau Marie aus Offen- laut: zwischen 12 wtd 16 Gulden ,,Schutz- bach. Eine Geburtsurkunde blieb nicht geld" an den Rheingrafen. Die jüdische erhalten. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt wohnen ,,Acte de naissance No. 209 Gemeinde zahlt weitere fünf Gulden für die Juden in Simmern unter Dhaun in L'anmilhuitcentonze, le douziömejour jüdische 18 die Schule.12 fünf ,,Judenhäusern". du mois de novembre, 6 onze heures du matin, pardevant nous maire officier de 1'6tat civil de Ia commune de Simmern Herbst 1794 1. April 1807 sous Dhaun, canton de Kirn, ddparte- ment de rhin et moselle, est comparu Während des ersten Koalitionskrieges Boehle, Tochter des Viehhändlers Feitel Jaques Loeb, ag6 de vingt sept ans, 16- erobern französische Truppen die deut- Loeb aus Simmern unter Dhaun und vendeur, domicild ä Simmern sous schen Gebiete links des Rheins. Im seiner Frau Roesel, geb. Hirsch, wird Dhaun, lequel nous a pr6sent6 un enfant Herbst des Jahres 1794 werden Koblenz geboren. Eine Verwandtschaft zwischen du sexe masculin n6 le onziöme jour de und seine Umgebung von französischen Feitel und Jacob Loeb ist nicht zu ermit- ce mois ä neuf heures du soir, de lui le Truppen besetzt. Die französische Herr- teln. d6clarent, et de Marie n6e Bermann, schaft dauert zwei Jahrzehnte. Ende des (sic!) son 6pouse, et auquel il a d6clar6 Jahres ist Simmern unterDhaunTeil der vouloir donner 1es pr6noms de David. 13 ,,Mairie Monzingen". 1808 Les dites ddclaration et presentation fai- tes en prdsence de Leopold Rothschild, In Simmern unter Dhaun leben 74 Ju- ag6 de vingt deux ans, r6vendeur, do- t795 den. Im selben Jahr schränkt der franzö- micil6 ä Simmern sous Dhaun, et de sische Kaiser Napoleon die Rechte der Jaques Ullmann, agd de soixante deux Samuel, Sohn des Handelsmanns Löb Juden ein. Damit verbunden ist der Ver- ans, r6vendeur, domicild äSirnmern sous Herzbzw. Löw Hertz in Simmern unter such, Juden zum Ergreifen von Berufen Dhaun, et ont le pdre et t6moins sign6 Dhaun und seiner Frau Rachel Flybin außerhalb des Handels und des Geldver- avec nous le pr6sent acte de naissance aus Gemünden, wird geboren. Das Kind leihs zu motivieren. Die diskriminieren- aprös qu'il leur en adt6faite lecture. stirbt am 22. Januar 1801 in Simmern den Maßnahmen gelten auch in den deut- unter Dhaun.la schen Gebieten unter französischer Ver- (gez.) Jacob Löb, Jacob Ulman (sic!) waltung. Hierbleiben sie in Kraft, nach- Leopold Rotchilt (sic!) ZumZeitpunkt des Todes gilt der fran- dem sie in Frankreich im Jahr 1818 au- Kanitz, Maire" zösische Revolutionskalender. Laut Ster- ßer Kraft gesetzt werden.2o beurkunde stirbt der Junge ,,den dreißig- Deutsche Übersetzung:,,Geburtsakt Nr. sten Tag des Monats Nivösi (Schneemo- 209.Dw 12. November des Jahres tau- nat) neunten Jahrs der fränkischen Re- 18. Januar 1808 sendachthundertelferschein vormir, dem publick". Als Name des Vaters ist Löb Standesbeamten der Gemeinde Simmern Herz angegeben, er unterschreibt,,Löw Loeb Hertz, 5Oj2ihriger Wiederverkäu- u. Dhaun, Kanton Kim, Departement Hertz".t5 fer (,,r6vendeur") aus Simmern unter Rhein und Mosel, der Jakob (sic!) Loeb, r*1.§! i GE§CIIICHTE IN RIITINLANO.PF'ALZ iiä; BEITRÄ68 ZIJR JÜDISCIiEN sind drei Söhne Jacob Loebs: Isak (13 2l Jahe alt, Händler, wohnhaft in Sim- I rsrz-rsrs Jahre alt), Herz (10) und David Jacob menl u. Dhaun, der mir ein Kind männ- und österrei- (7).'o lichen Geschlechts vorgezeigt hat, das Französische, preußische bei dem Ver- den 11. dieses Monats um 9 Uhr abends chische Truppen scheitern und zie- geboren sei, von ihm stammend und der such der Eroberung Rußlands zurück. 18. November 1828 Maria geborene Bermann (sic!), seiner hen sich vom russischem Gebiet in Ehefrau, und dem er den Vornamen Der Feldzug hat Napoleons Truppen daß ImAltervon 17 Jahren stirbtin Simment David geben will.
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