DOCSLIB.ORG

High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019) Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Article High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019) Pan Ei Soe 1,*, Wai Wai Han 2, Karuna D. Sagili 3, Srinath Satyanarayana 3 , Priyanka Shrestha 4, Thi Thi Htoon 1 and Htay Htay Tin 1 1 National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; [email protected] (T.T.H.); [email protected] (H.H.T.) 2 Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; [email protected] 3 International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South East Asia Office, New Delhi 110016, India; [email protected] (K.D.S.); [email protected] (S.S.) 4 WHO Health Emergencies Programme, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +95-9-517-2337 Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health problem. Staphy- lococcus aureus (SA) is a common bacterium associated with a variety of community and hospital infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounts for most SA related morbidity Citation: Soe, P.E.; Han, W.W.; Sagili, and mortality. In this study, we determined the prevalence and factors associated with SA and K.D.; Satyanarayana, S.; Shrestha, P.; MRSA in Myanmar. Methods: We collected the data retrospectively by reviewing an electronic Htoon, T.T.; Tin, H.H. High register containing the results of bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing of biological Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant specimens received from healthcare facilities during 2018–2019. Results: Of the 37,798 biological Staphylococcus aureus among specimens with bacterial culture growth, 22% (8244) were Gram-positive. Among the Gram-positive Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019). bacteria, 42% (2801) were SA, of which 48% (1331) were judged as MRSA by phenotypic methods. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6, 70. The prevalence of MRSA was higher in the older age groups, in female patients, in urine specimens https://doi.org/10.3390/ and specimens received from the intensive care unit and dermatology departments. One site (Site F) tropicalmed6020070 had the highest MRSA prevalence of the seven AMR sentinel sites. Most SA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin (90%) by phenotypic methods. Conclusions: The high prevalence of MRSA indicates a Academic Editors: Olga Perovic, major public health threat. There is an urgent need to strengthen the AMR surveillance and hospital Tom Decroo and Chakaya infection control program in Myanmar. Muhwa Jeremiah Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; hospital infections; MRSA; Gram-positive bacteria; SORT IT; Received: 3 March 2021 operations research Accepted: 20 April 2021 Published: 6 May 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral 1. Introduction with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious emerging global health problem in this iations. century. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is an antibiotic-resistant pathogen of significant public health concern [1]. Humans can become infected with SA both in the community and in healthcare settings. SA causes a wide range of human infections like bacteremia, endocardi- tis, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections and hospital-acquired infections [2]. The inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance in SA. MRSA Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Staphylococcus aureus SA Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. (methicillin-resistant ) is a subgroup of . As the name suggests, This article is an open access article MRSA does not respond to common antibiotics, such as methicillin, amoxicillin, and peni- distributed under the terms and cillin. In the United States, the incidence of MRSA bloodstream infections declined from conditions of the Creative Commons 74% to 40% during 2005–2016. Despite this decline, it is estimated that nearly 120,000 SA Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// bloodstream infections and 20,000 SA-associated deaths occurred in 2017 [3]. The Asia creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ Pacific Regional Resistance Surveillance program reported that 26% to 73% of SA isolates 4.0/). from healthcare settings in the region were resistant to methicillin [4]. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6, 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020070 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/tropicalmed Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6, 70 2 of 13 Infection with MRSA remains associated with poorer clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. A multicenter study conducted in China between 2013 and 2015 showed that the MRSA infection was significantly associated with higher total hospital cost, longer length of hospital stay, and increased mortality rate as compared to Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infection, especially in patients with underlying diseases such as malignancy or chronic pulmonary diseases [5]. However, evidence from high- income countries proved that implementing an effective hospital infection control program significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality of MRSA-associated infections [6–8]. The improvement in hand hygiene compliance can significantly decrease MRSA rates in hospitals [9]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate, Myanmar has the high- est MRSA proportion (26%) among the South East Asian countries that reported national data relating to antibiotic resistance. However, this estimate was based on approximately 30 isolates only [1]. To date, there is minimal information on the prevalence of MRSA, morbidity, and mortality in Myanmar from a few publications on microbiological and animal studies [10–12]. A recently published study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Myanmar revealed that the molecular detection of MRSA accounted for 13.8% [13]. A retrospective study from one hospital examining blood culture results showed a decline in MRSA among SA isolates (38.7% to 18.8%) over eight years [14]. Establishing a proper surveillance system and an effective hospital infection control system is mandatory to minimize the emergence of MRSA and to reduce its spread. Although national guidelines on hospital infection control were developed in Myanmar in 2016, clinicians’ adherence to the guidelines is still low [15]. Besides, guidelines related to antibiotic prescription do not exist at the national level, although some tertiary hospitals have developed their own antibiotic guidelines. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SA and the factors associated with MRSA in healthcare settings in Myanmar during 2018–2019. The objectives of the study were (1) to assess the number (and proportion) of samples with SA infection among the total biological samples received for bacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing at seven AMR sentinel sites between 2018 and 2019; (2) to describe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of SA infection and assess the number and proportion with MRSA infection; (3) to describe the demographic and clinical profile of patients and determine their association with MRSA. 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Study Design This was a retrospective descriptive study based on the electronic register record of seven AMR sentinel laboratories in Myanmar. 2.2. Setting 2.2.1. General Setting The Union of the Republic of Myanmar is located in the South East Asian region and bordered by the Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Gulf of Thailand, and the countries of Bangladesh, India, China, Laos, and Thailand. The country is administratively divided into 14 States/Regions and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory. It has a population of 51.48 million. Healthcare is provided by both the public and private sectors. General practitioner clinics and drug shops are the initial points of healthcare seeking for most populations. Antibiotics are readily available over the counter. 2.2.2. Specific Setting In Myanmar, the AMR surveillance system at the national level is being carried out through seven public hospitals and laboratories, which can cover AMR’s overall situation in Myanmar. Five of them (Site A, B, C, D and E) are located in Yangon Region, covering the Yangon Region population and some population from the lower part of Myanmar. Site F is located in the Mandalay Region, and it covers the population from upper Myanmar. Site G Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6, 70 3 of 13 is located in Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory in the central part of Myanmar, and it covers the population in Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory and surrounding townships. The populations of Yangon Region and Mandalay Region are 7.3 million and 6.1 million, respectively. The distribution of the seven sentinel sites is shown in Figure1. Site F Site G Site D Site E Site B Site A Site C 1 1 Figure 1. Distribution of seven AMR sentinel sites in Myanmar. 2 Figure 1. Distribution of seven AMR sentinel sites in Myanmar 2.2.3. AMR Surveillance in Myanmar 3 The National Action Plan (NAP) to combat AMR has been developed in line with the Global Action Plan of AMR since 2017, with five strategic objectives (awareness, surveil- lance, infection prevention and control, antimicrobial usage, and research and innovation). National Multi-sectoral Steering Committee (NMSC) was organized to provide the neces- sary political commitments to fight against AMR. Five technical working groups (TWGs) were constituted under NMSC to implement the five strategic objectives
Load more

Recommended publications
  • High Burden of Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in The
    High burden of complicated skin and soft tissue infections in the Indigenous population of Central Australia due to dominant Panton Valentine leucocidin clones ST93-MRSA and CC121-MSSA Citation: Harch, Susan AJ, MacMorran, Eleanor, Tong, Steven YC, Holt, Deborah C, Wilson, Judith, Athan, Eugene and Hewagama, Saliya 2017, High burden of complicated skin and soft tissue infections in the Indigenous population of Central Australia due to dominant Panton Valentine leucocidin clones ST93- MRSA and CC121-MSSA, BMC infectious diseases, vol. 17, Article number: 405, pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2460-3 © 2017, The Authors Reproduced by Deakin University under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence Downloaded from DRO: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30101636 DRO Deakin Research Online, Deakin University’s Research Repository Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Harch et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2017) 17:405 DOI 10.1186/s12879-017-2460-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access High burden of complicated skin and soft tissue infections in the Indigenous population of Central Australia due to dominant Panton Valentine leucocidin clones ST93-MRSA and CC121-MSSA Susan A.J. Harch1,4*, Eleanor MacMorran1, Steven Y.C. Tong2,5, Deborah C. Holt2, Judith Wilson2, Eugene Athan3 and Saliya Hewagama1 Abstract Background: Superficial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common among the Indigenous population of the desert regions of Central Australia. However, the overall burden of disease and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus complicated SSTIs has yet to be described in this unique population. Methods: Alice Springs Hospital (ASH) admission data was interrogated to establish the population incidence of SSTIs.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Text (Pdf)
    GBE Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of a Highly Conserved Operon Cluster in Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli Gerrit Brandis * Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/13/4/evab041/6156628 by Beurlingbiblioteket user on 31 May 2021 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Sweden *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: 24 February 2021 Abstract The evolution of gene order rearrangements within bacterial chromosomes is a fast process. Closely related species can have almost no conservation in long-range gene order. A prominent exception to this rule is a >40 kb long cluster of five core operons (secE- rpoBC-str-S10-spc-alpha) and three variable adjacent operons (cysS, tufB,andecf) that together contain 57 genes of the transcrip- tional and translational machinery. Previous studies have indicated that at least part of this operon cluster might have been present in the last common ancestor of bacteria and archaea. Using 204 whole genome sequences, 2 Gy of evolution of the operon cluster were reconstructed back to the last common ancestors of the Gammaproteobacteria and of the Bacilli. A total of 163 independent evolutionary events were identified in which the operon cluster was altered. Further examination showed that the process of disconnecting two operons generally follows the same pattern. Initially, a small number of genes is inserted between the operons breaking the concatenation followed by a second event that fully disconnects the operons. While there is a general trend for loss of gene synteny over time, there are examples of increased alteration rates at specific branch points or within specific bacterial orders.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerobic Midgut Microbiota of Sand Fly Vectors of Zoonotic Visceral
    Karimian et al. Parasites & Vectors (2019) 12:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3273-y RESEARCH Open Access Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates Fateh Karimian1, Hassan Vatandoost1, Yavar Rassi1, Naseh Maleki-Ravasan2, Mehdi Mohebali3, Mohammad Hasan Shirazi4, Mona Koosha1, Nayyereh Choubdar1 and Mohammad Ali Oshaghi1* Abstract Background: Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania parasites and is transmitted to humansthroughthebiteofinfected sand flies. Development of Leishmania to infective metacyclic promastigotes occurs within the sand fly gut where the gut microbiota influences development of the parasite. Paratransgenesis is a new control method in which symbiotic bacteria are isolated, transformed and reintroduced into the gut through their diet to express anti-parasitic molecules. In the present study, the midgut microbiota of three sand fly species from a steppe and a mountainous region of northern Iran, where zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is endemic, was investigated. Methods: Briefly, adult female sand flies was collected during summer 2015 and, after dissection, the bacterial composition of the guts were analyzed using a culture-dependent method. Bacterial DNA from purified colonies was extracted to amplify the 16S rRNA gene which was then sequenced. Results: Three ZVL sand fly vectors including Phlebotomus major, P. kandelakii and P. halepensis were found in the highlighted regions. In total, 39 distinct aerobic bacterial species were found in the sand fly midguts. The sand fly microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria (56.4%) and Firmicutes (43.6%). Bacterial richness was significantly higher in the steppe region than in the mountainous region (32 vs 7species).Phlebotomus kandelakii,the most important ZVL vector in the study area, had the highest bacterial richness among the three species.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular and Functional Characterization of the Long Non-Coding RNA SSR42 in Staphylococcus Aureus
    Molecular and functional characterization of the long non-coding RNA SSR42 in Staphylococcus aureus DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) im Fach Biologie eingereicht an der Fakultät für Biologie der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von M.Sc. Biol. Jessica Horn geboren am 01.11.1989 in Würzburg Würzburg, 2018 Eingereicht am: Mitglieder der Promotionskommission: Vorsitzender: Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Rudel Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Cynthia Sharma Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am: 2 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT 1 SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………….…...10 1.1 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………….10 1.2 Zusammenfassung……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...11 2 INTRODUCTION……….…..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………13 2.1 Staphylococcus aureus………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 2.1.1 General Information………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 2.1.2 Host colonization………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….14 2.1.3 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)………………………………………………………………..15 2.1.4 S. aureus infections and diseases……………………………………………………………………………………………..16 2.2 Virulence factors of S. aureus……………………………………………………………………………………………..………18 2.2.1 Surface-associated virulence factors………………………………………………………………………………………..19 2.2.1.1 Teichoic acids…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….19 2.2.1.2 Microbial surface components recognizing
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Life Cycles Link Global Modularity in Regulation to Mosaic Evolution
    ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0939-6 Microbial life cycles link global modularity in regulation to mosaic evolution Jordi van Gestel 1,2,3,4*, Martin Ackermann3,4 and Andreas Wagner 1,2,5* Microbes are exposed to changing environments, to which they can respond by adopting various lifestyles such as swimming, colony formation or dormancy. These lifestyles are often studied in isolation, thereby giving a fragmented view of the life cycle as a whole. Here, we study lifestyles in the context of this whole. We first use machine learning to reconstruct the expression changes underlying life cycle progression in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, based on hundreds of previously acquired expres- sion profiles. This yields a timeline that reveals the modular organization of the life cycle. By analysing over 380 Bacillales genomes, we then show that life cycle modularity gives rise to mosaic evolution in which life stages such as motility and sporu- lation are conserved and lost as discrete units. We postulate that this mosaic conservation pattern results from habitat changes that make these life stages obsolete or detrimental. Indeed, when evolving eight distinct Bacillales strains and species under laboratory conditions that favour colony growth, we observe rapid and parallel losses of the sporulation life stage across spe- cies, induced by mutations that affect the same global regulator. We conclude that a life cycle perspective is pivotal to under- standing the causes and consequences of modularity in both regulation and evolution. icrobes express an incredible range of lifestyles, from the We start our analysis by synthesizing data from previous stud- myriad of planktonic life forms floating in the oceans ies on the global transcription network of B.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Staphylococcus Species, Micrococcus Species and Rothia Species
    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Staphylococcus species, Micrococcus species and Rothia species This publication was created by Public Health England (PHE) in partnership with the NHS. Identification | ID 07 | Issue no: 4 | Issue date: 26.05.20 | Page: 1 of 26 © Crown copyright 2020 Identification of Staphylococcus species, Micrococcus species and Rothia species Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (UK SMIs) are developed under the auspices of PHE working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology- investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories. UK SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for- microbiology-investigations-steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the medical editors for editing the medical content. PHE publications gateway number: GW-634 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Identification | ID 07 | Issue no: 4 | Issue date: 26.05.20 | Page: 2 of 26 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public
    [Show full text]
  • Staphylococcus Aureus Toxins and Diabetic Foot
    Staphylococcus aureus Toxins and Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Role in Pathogenesis and Interest in Diagnosis Catherine Dunyach-Remy, Christelle Ngba Essebe, Albert Sotto, Jean-Philippe Lavigne To cite this version: Catherine Dunyach-Remy, Christelle Ngba Essebe, Albert Sotto, Jean-Philippe Lavigne. Staphylococ- cus aureus Toxins and Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Role in Pathogenesis and Interest in Diagnosis. Toxins, MDPI, 2016, 8 (7), 10.3390/toxins8070209. hal-01903891 HAL Id: hal-01903891 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01903891 Submitted on 27 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License toxins Review Staphylococcus aureus Toxins and Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Role in Pathogenesis and Interest in Diagnosis Catherine Dunyach-Remy 1,2, Christelle Ngba Essebe 1, Albert Sotto 1,3 and Jean-Philippe Lavigne 1,2,* 1 Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale U1047, Université de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Nîmes 30908, France; [email protected] (C.D.-R.); [email protected] (C.N.E.); [email protected] (A.S.) 2 Service de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Carémeau, Nîmes 30029, France 3 Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Carémeau, Nîmes 30029, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-466-683-202 Academic Editor: Vernon L.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomic Characterization of Bacteriophage Peptides from the Mastitis Producer Staphylococcus Aureus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and the Bacteriophage Phylogenomic Analysis
    foods Article Proteomic Characterization of Bacteriophage Peptides from the Mastitis Producer Staphylococcus aureus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and the Bacteriophage Phylogenomic Analysis Ana G. Abril 1 ,Mónica Carrera 2,* , Karola Böhme 3, Jorge Barros-Velázquez 4 , Benito Cañas 5, José-Luis R. Rama 1, Tomás G. Villa 1 and Pilar Calo-Mata 4,* 1 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; [email protected] (A.G.A.); [email protected] (J.-L.R.R.); [email protected] (T.G.V.) 2 Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Marine Research Institute, 36208 Vigo, Spain 3 Agroalimentary Technological Center of Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 4 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 5 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (P.C.-M.) Abstract: The present work describes LC-ESI-MS/MS MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses of tryptic digestion peptides from phages that infect mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products. A total of 1933 nonredundant Citation: Abril, A.G.; Carrera, M.; peptides belonging to 1282 proteins were identified and analyzed. Among them, 79 staphylococcal Böhme, K.; Barros-Velázquez, J.; peptides from phages were confirmed. These peptides belong to proteins such as phage repressors, Cañas, B.; Rama, J.-L.R.; Villa, T.G.; structural phage proteins, uncharacterized phage proteins and complement inhibitors.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report of 35 Unreported Bacterial Species in Korea, Belonging to the Phylum Firmicutes
    Journal of Species Research 8(4):337-350, 2019 A report of 35 unreported bacterial species in Korea, belonging to the phylum Firmicutes Min-gyung Baek1, Wonyong Kim3, Chang-Jun Cha4, Kiseong Joh5, Seung-Bum Kim6, Myung Kyum Kim7, Chi-Nam Seong8 and Hana Yi1,2,* 1Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea 2School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea 3Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea 4Department of Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea 5Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Geonggi 02450, Republic of Korea 6Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea 7Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea 8Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] In an investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 35 bacterial strains assigned to the phylum Firmicutes were isolated from diverse habitats including natural and artificial environments. Based on their high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of robust phylogenetic clades with species of validly published names, the isolates were identified as 35 species belonging to the ordersBacillales (the family Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Planococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae) and Lactobacillales (Aerococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Leuconostocaceae, and Streptococcaceae). Since these 35 species in Korean environments has not been reported in any official report, we identified them as unrecorded bacterial species and investigated them taxonomically.
    [Show full text]
  • New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 Through 2015 Erik Munson Marquette University, [email protected]
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Clinical Lab Sciences Faculty Research and Clinical Lab Sciences, Department of Publications 1-1-2017 What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015 Erik Munson Marquette University, [email protected] Karen C. Carroll Johns Hopkins University Published version. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 56, No. 1 (January 2017): 24-42. DOI. © 2017 American Society for Microbiology. Used with permission. MINIREVIEW crossm What’s in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from Downloaded from 2012 through 2015 Erik Munson,a Karen C. Carrollb College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USAa; Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAb ABSTRACT Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and http://jcm.asm.org/ the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bac- Accepted manuscript posted online 19 terial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evo- October 2016 Citation Munson E, Carroll KC. 2017. What's in lutionary Microbiology. Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bac- a name? New bacterial species and changes to terial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging taxonomic status from 2012 through 2015. pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial sus- J Clin Microbiol 55:24–42. https://doi.org/ 10.1128/JCM.01379-16. ceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled Editor Colleen Suzanne Kraft, Emory University by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summa- Copyright © 2016 American Society for on January 23, 2017 by Marquette University Libraries rizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human Microbiology.
    [Show full text]
  • An Evolutionary Path to Altered Cofactor Specificity in A
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16478-0 OPEN An evolutionary path to altered cofactor specificity in a metalloenzyme Anna Barwinska-Sendra 1, Yuritzi M. Garcia2, Kacper M. Sendra 1, Arnaud Baslé1, Eilidh S. Mackenzie 1, ✉ Emma Tarrant1, Patrick Card1, Leandro C. Tabares3, Cédric Bicep1, Sun Un3, Thomas E. Kehl-Fie 2,4,5 & ✉ Kevin J. Waldron 1,5 Almost half of all enzymes utilize a metal cofactor. However, the features that dictate the 1234567890():,; metal utilized by metalloenzymes are poorly understood, limiting our ability to manipulate these enzymes for industrial and health-associated applications. The ubiquitous iron/man- ganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) family exemplifies this deficit, as the specific metal used by any family member cannot be predicted. Biochemical, structural and paramagnetic ana- lysis of two evolutionarily related SODs with different metal specificity produced by the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus identifies two positions that control metal spe- cificity. These residues make no direct contacts with the metal-coordinating ligands but control the metal’s redox properties, demonstrating that subtle architectural changes can dramatically alter metal utilization. Introducing these mutations into S. aureus alters the ability of the bacterium to resist superoxide stress when metal starved by the host, revealing that small changes in metal-dependent activity can drive the evolution of metalloenzymes with new cofactor specificity. 1 Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. 3 Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Microbiological Methods a 13-Plex PCR for High-Resolution
    Journal of Microbiological Methods 164 (2019) 105673 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Microbiological Methods journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmicmeth A 13-Plex PCR for high-resolution melting-based screening of clinically important Staphylococcus species in animals T ⁎ Zafer Ataa, , Esra Buyukcangazb a Military Veterinary School and Educational Central Commandership, Gemlik, Bursa, Turkey b Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Nilufer, 16059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: A single-tube multiplex real-time PCR targeting the nuclease (nuc) gene and subsequent high-resolution melting High-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) were used to identify 13 different Staphylococcus species. The nuc gene was targeted due to its nuc gene low intraspecies variation and the greater interspecies variation than the 16S rRNA gene in Staphylococcus.We PCR used HRMA software that can store and compare HRMA profiles from different runs as long as the runs contain Species identification the same reference reaction. Thus, we reduced the 14 PCRs to 2 different PCRs, one targeting the unknown Staphylococcus sequence and the other targeting the reference sequences to screen 13 different Staphylococcus species. The specificity of the developed method was tested on 16 different Staphylococcus reference strains and 115 different field strains that were isolated from the milk of cattle with subclinical mastitis. We conclude that the method can be used to quickly and cost-effectively differentiate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from other Staphylococcus species (S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis, S. schleiferi, S. hyicus, S. chromogenes, S. lentus, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, S.
    [Show full text]