Aquapak A real solution to the world’s crisis The Global Crisis It’s Real

All of the plastics that have been ever produced are still around today

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. There is a Difference Between Degradable and Biodegradable

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Things You Need To Know About Plastics • Typical plastic bags are made out of Low Density , High Density Polyethylene. • Plastics bags are used for an average of 12 minutes. • Two millions singles-use plastics bags are distributed worldwide every minute. • Plastics bags are often ingested by marina animals who mistake them for food. • The Irish have coined the term “witch’s knickers” to refer to windblown plastic bags caught in trees. • In South Africa there are so many plastics bags littering they refer to them as ”the new national flower”

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. The Plastic Problem • 1.3 Billion tons of plastics are produced each year.

• Half of all consumer packaging is made of plastic.

• Single-use requires comprehensive waste management: – Recycling uneconomic vs virgin polymer – Actual recycling rates far lower than many believe – Alternative materials are often not scalable or solutions – Globally 3 billion people have no waste disposal

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Forcing Change • Kenya – As of August 2017, anyone in Kenya who’s found using, producing, or selling a plastic faces up to four years in jail, or a $38,000 fine. • Taiwan – In February, Taiwan announced one of the farthest-reaching bans on plastic in the world, restricting the use of single-use plastic bags, straws, utensils, and cups. • Zimbabwe – In July 2017, Zimbabwe announced a total ban on expanded polystyrene(EPS), a styrofoam-like material used for food that takes up to a million years to decompose. Those caught violating the ban have to pay a fine of between $30 and $500. • Australia – South Australia, the Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania, and the Northern Territory, have state-wide bans on single-use plastic bags, and Queensland is set to follow in July 2018. • New Delhi – This massive city in India, home to over 20 million people, took a major step toward helping the planet when it banned all forms of single-use plastic in 2017. • Morocco – Before the ban, which was signed into law on July 1, 2016, Morocco used 3 billion plastic bags every year — an incredible 900 bags per person every year. • New York - While still just a proposal, the state of New York is considering banning plastic bags.

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Take the Pledge

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. An Irreversible Trend

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Aquapak® Hydropol®

A Solution

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. What’s The Difference

Environmentally Plastics vs Friendly vs Biopolymers Materials

Hydropol®

Base resins are petro-chem derived and therefore available at scale – no limitations on feedstock in short to medium term.

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Why Aquapak? • Innovative polymer delivering performance/value and enabling low environmental impact. • Proprietary high tech polymer – Hydropol® – PVOH based. • Highly functional and versatile but with multiple end of life optionality. • Broad applications that exploit its wide-range performance capabilities. • Works well on its own or in combinations with other single polymers. • Scalability: • Hydropol® vs Other Biopolymers All of our products are designed to eliminate plastic pollution at source.

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Aquapak Polymers

• Hydrophiic vs Hydrophobic • Product functionality with: • Biodegradability • Recyclable • Anaerobic Digestible • Water-Soluble • Non-Toxic • Marine Safe

• Biodegrade safely into water, carbon dioxide and mineralized natural biomass

Solves environmental impact issues of many traditional polymers

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Linear Economy The need for a Circular Economy Solution

Complexity

Packaging Solutions Primary Use Waste Management End of Life

38% Coated board and Landfill Disposal. manufacturer Consumer Collection Landfill Tax. Polution.

36% Traditional Energy Recovery. polymer Low Yields. manufacturer

26% Brand/Retailer Disposal Separation Recyclable. Demand for Difficult to Exported for Blown film Converter functionality. Extra identify and reprocessing manufacturer . Light weight. separate Low cost.

9% economic processes exist to recycle. Loss of Value

Functionality achieved at expense of End of Life

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Circular Economy

Coated Board and Paper

Brand/Retailer Converter Less complex Coated board Highly packs Consumer manufacturer functional Consistent Packaging easy material labelling to identify Functionality Multi-use Closed loop collection Packaging Solutions

Hydropol Blown Film 100% Recyclable and repulpable Primary Use Resin Manufacturer Litter No toxicity Separation Waste Management No Recycling Cleaner, valuable microplastics waste Marine safe Even when Collection contaminated, Easier identifiable and PVOH separation separable in hot Zero to landfill water in standard pulping process

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Hydropol - Thermoplastic Processing Resin family series

Hot water soluble (30100 series) Warm water soluble (33100 series)

• Mono blown film • Mono blown film – Lamination film • Lamination film • Co-ex film • Most thermoplastic processing • Injection Molding

• – Paper – Board – Cellulose – PLA Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Hydropol - Functionality

Hot water soluble Warm water soluble Barrier Barrier • Oxygen (likely between 0.1 and 0.9 • Oxygen (likely between 0.1 and 0.9 cm3/m2/day depending on humidity cm3/m2/day depending on humidity (0%- (0%-50%) at a film gauge of 25 microns 50%) at a film gauge of 25 microns • Oil, grease, fat, petrochemicals • Oil, grease, fat, petrochemicals

Tensile Tensile • Elongation at break: MD 180%, CD 285% • Elongation at break: MD 180%, CD 285%

Strength x2.5 HDPE Strength x2.5 HDPE • 2 N/mm • 2 N/mm

MVTR - 12 g/m2/24 hours) MVTR - 12 g/m2/24 hours) – no corona treatment required Printing – no corona treatment required Surface tension - 45 mN/m (45 dynes) Surface tension - 45 mN/m (45 dynes)

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Hydropol - End of Life Fully Recyclable Single materials • Soluble in warm or hot water (>70°C or 40°C) • Sortable with infrared signature

Coated paper • re-pulping • Hydropol recovered or left in pulp

Bi-layer laminates • Hydropol dissolves > recycle other material • Traditional recyclable plastics – PE, PET • Compostables – cellulose, Polylactic acid

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Hydropol - End of Life Biodegradable

• Important – like wood, degrades releasing CO2 and biomass

• Hydrophilic, does not attract toxins and does not form harmful microplastics

• Inherently biodegradable in waste water, Anaerobic Digestion (AD) and Industrial Composting

• Ideal for AD without de-bagging

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Hydropol - End of Life Environmentally Safe

• Form factor (film, tray, ) of final product is key – tests and trials

• PVOH base resin well established as safe and non-toxic

• Marine biodegradation: sink, soften and break down completely over time, depending on specific formula

• Toxicity tests – marine safe

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Hydropol - End of Life Water Soluble Warm water soluble (40°C) Hot water soluble (70°C) Recyclable • Dissolves at 40°C in warm wash Recyclable Dissolves at 70°C in hot wash • Repulpable • Dissolves at 40°C Anaerobic Digestion • Thermophilic is best for disposal Anaerobic Digestion as temperature accelerates • Thermophilic is best for disposal as degradation temperature accelerates (as used in typical food waste degradation systems) (as used in typical food waste • Mesophilic AD where systems) temperatures are lower. Less • Mesophilic AD where temperatures affective and more affected by are lower. Less affective gauge (less than 15 microns) and more affected by gauge (less than 15 microns)

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Hydropol - Applications Anti-infection barrier (mono film) • Laundry Bags for Medical Industry, Hotels and Hospitality/Leisure Industry

• Cytotoxic bags

• Aprons

• Gloves Image: DB Packaging

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Hydropol - Applications As a mono film • Luxury garments

• Sharp objects

• Anti-static bags

• Bulk-food AD bags

• Environmental clean up

• Dog poo bags (AD)

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. History of Aquapak

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Aquapak UK Formulation Facility

• ISO-accredited – full scale commercial production on 1st production line

• Initial capacity 6,000MT pa – 30,000MT pa by late 2021

• 2nd and any subsequent production line to require 9 – 12 months for full assembly, commissioning and validation

• Expansion space available on site

• Capable of significant growth

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Working Together in Partnership for Success

Aquapak. A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis. Aquapak A real solution to the world’s plastic crisis Thank you