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Pdf Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and 15 A Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1657–1812 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman EDITORIAL STAFF EDITORIAL BOARD Founding Editor Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Ban Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA Michael Apicella, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Managing Senior Editor Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Associate Editors David Brandling-Bennet, Washington, D.C., USA Donald S. Burke, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Jay C. Butler, Anchorage, Alaska David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Patrice Courvalin, Paris, France Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Stephanie James, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Ed Eitzen, Washington, D.C., USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Duane J. Gubler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland J. Glenn Morris, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Sakae Inouye, Tokyo, Japan Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Patricia M. Quinlisk, Des Moines, Iowa, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseilles, France Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA John S. MacKenzie, Perth, Australia J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Tom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Copy Editors Fred A. Murphy, Davis, California, USA Angie Frey, Thomas Gryczan, Ronnie Henry, Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Anne Mather, Carol Snarey P. Keith Murray, Ames, Iowa, USA Production Stephen Ostroff, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Rosanna W. Peeling, Geneva, Switzerland Reginald Tucker, Ann Jordan, Maureen Marshall David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Editorial Assistant Gianfranco Pezzino, Topeka, Kansas, USA Carolyn Collins Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Jocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA www.cdc.gov/eid Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Nancy Rosenstein, Atlanta, Georgia, USA National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop D61, Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-371-5329, Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA fax 404-371-5449, email [email protected]. Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Patricia Simone, Atlanta, Georgia, USA The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Control and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA are affiliated. P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Jan Svoboda, Prague, Czech Republic All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in Bala Swaminathan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special Robert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South Africa permission; proper citation, however, is required. Phillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Use of trade names is for identification only and does not Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA Department of Health and Human Services. John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 11, No. 11, November 2005 A Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends Vol. 11, No. 11, November 2005 On the Cover Cryptococcus gattii Phoenix and Birds in AIDS Patients . .1686 (detail on front cover) S. Chaturvedi et al. (China circa 16th century) Molecular analysis of pheromone genes showed Ink and colors on silk (213.4 cm x 113 cm) prevalence of Cryptococcus gattii. Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii, USA Gift of Charles M. and Anna C. Cooke Rift Valley Fever, Senegal . .1693 Trust Fund, 1928 (141.1) V. Chevalier et al. Serologic incidence in ruminants was estimated at 2.9%. About the Cover p. 1810 Toscana Virus, Spain . .1701 S. Sanbonmatsu-Gámez et al. At least 2 virus lineages are circulating in the Mediterranean basin. Tickborne Pathogen Detection, Western Siberia . .1708 V.A. Rar et al. Ixodes and Dermacentor ticks harbor Borrelia, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, Bartonella, and Babesia Perspective species. Toscana Virus in Europe . .1657 R.N. Charrel et al. Norovirus Outbreaks This emerging pathogen can cause central from Drinking Water . .1716 nervous system infections. L. Maunula et al. Norovirus contamination calls for viral monitoring of drinking water. Synopses p. 1666 Avian Influenza H5N1, Typing Relapsing Thailand, 2004 . .1664 Fever Spirochetes . .1722 T. Tiensin et al. J.C. Scott et al. Early detection and control curtail outbreaks. Sequencing distinguished species associated with relapsing fever from other borrelial species but not Coltiviruses B. duttonii from B. recurrentis. and Seadornaviruses . .1673 p. 1674 H. Attoui et al. Neutralizing Antibody Response Neurotropic virus disease is often misdiagnosed as and SARS Severity, Taiwan . .1730 Japanese encephalitis. M.-S. Ho et al. Antibody response correlates with severity of Research SARS-CoV infection. Cervical Human Dispatches Papillomavirus Screening . .1680 M.J. Grainge et al. 1738 Respiratory Infections HPV-negative women >50 years of age still require cervical screening. during SARS Outbreak J.Y.C. Lo et al. 1742 Bartonella quintana and Rickettsia felis in Gabon J.-M. Rolain et al. A Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends Vol. 11, No. 11, November 2005 1745 Trypanosomiasis Gambiense, Italy Z. Bisoffi et al. Letters 1748 Australian Public and 1789 Smallpox Vaccine Smallpox D.N. Durrheim et al. 1789 Fluoroquinolone Use in Food Animals (Replies) 1751 Evaluation of West Nile Virus p. 1747 Education Campaign 1792 Ehrlichia ruminantium, Sudan E. Averett et al. 1794 Borrelia spielmanii in Hungary 1754 Long-term Death Rates, 1795 Profiling Mycobacterium West Nile Virus Epidemic ulcerans M.S. Green et al. 1758 Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic 1796 Spelling of Emerging Clones Pathogens A. Salim et al. 1798 Staphylococcus aureus 1761 Methicillin-resistant Bacteremia, Europe Staphylococcus aureus in 1799 Family Clustering of Avian Taiwan Influenza F.-J. Chen et al. 1801 Imported Tickborne Relapsing 1764 Salmonella Paratyphi A Fever, France Rates, Asia R.L. Ochiai et al. 1803 Neonatal Moraxella osloensis 1767 Social Factors, AIDS and SARS Ophthalmia D.C. Des Jarlais et al. 1804 African Tick-bite Fever in 1770 West Nile Virus in Dead Birds French Travelers W.B. Stone et al. 1774 West Nile Virus Epidemic, Ohio, 2002 Book Reviews A.M. Mandalakas et al. 1807 Microbe: Are We Ready for the 1778 Quarantine Stressing Voluntary Next Plague? Compliance C. DiGiovanni et al. 1807 The AIDS Pandemic: Impact on Science and Society 1780 Anaplasma phagocytophilum–infected 1808 Tick-Borne Diseases of Ticks, Japan Humans N. Ohashi et al. Corrections 1784 Tickborne Relapsing Fever 1808 Vol.11, No. 8 in Israel p. 1794 Vol.11, No. 10 G. Sidi et al. About the Cover 1787 Slow Epidemic of 1810 Phoenix and Birds Lymphogranuloma Venereum J. Spaargaren et al. EID Online: Summaries of emerging infectious disease conferences are published online only. Emergence of Toscana Virus in Europe Rémi N. Charrel,* Pierre Gallian,*† José-María Navarro-Marí,‡ Loredana Nicoletti,§ Anna Papa,¶ Mária Paz Sánchez-Seco,# Antonio Tenorio,# and Xavier de Lamballerie* Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropodborne virus first human disease is increasing, it remains poorly studied, and identified in 1971 from the sandfly Phlebotomus pernicio- physicians have little awareness of its potential to cause sus in central Italy. Many case reports in travelers and clin- CNS infections. ical research and epidemiologic studies conducted around the Mediterranean region have shown that TOSV has a tro- Virus Properties and Classification pism for the central nervous system (CNS) and is a major cause of meningitis and encephalitis in countries in which it According the 8th report of the International circulates. In central Italy, TOSV is the most frequent cause Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, TOSV is a serotype of meningitis from May to October, far exceeding of Sandfly fever Naples virus within the genus enteroviruses. In other northern Mediterranean countries, Phlebovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. TOSV is an TOSV is among the 3 most prevalent viruses
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