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Marine Ecosystem Management: Obligations and Opportunities

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Marine Ecosystem Management: Obligations and Opportunities SEAVIEWS SeaViews Marine ecosystem management: obligations and opportunities Proceedings of the conference held in Wellington, 11–14th of February 1998 Edited by Catherine Wallace, Barry Weeber and Sam Buchanan Illustrations: Bruce Mahalski Environment and Conservation Organisations of New Zealand 1998 ISBN 0-9597786-1-6 SEAVIEWS CLARE CUNNIGHAM CLARE CUNNIGHAM SEAVIEWS Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 7 Catherine Wallace, Marine coordinator, Environment and Conservation Organisations of New Zealand Inc. Keynote speakers ............................................................................................................................ 8 Conference Opening ..................................................................................................................... 10 Dame Cath Tizard Preferred Futures Ecosystem approaches to management of human impacts on the marine environment Some Impacts of Fishing on the Environment .............................................................................. 13 Paul Dayton, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA Sea Country Obligations and Opportunities! ................................................................................ 15 John Locke, Giru Dala Council of Elders Aboriginal Corporation Managing Marine Resources Under International Law: Challenges and Opportunities ............... 17 A. Charlotte de Fontaubert, Ph.D., IUCN-US The World Conservation Union The Commercial Fishing Industry .................................................................................................23 John Pfahlert, NZ Seafood Industry Council Limited Recreational Fisheries ................................................................................................................... 25 M. J. Hetherington, Secretary, New Zealand Recreational Fishing Council Environment .................................................................................................................................. 29 Hugh Logan, Director-general, Department of Conservation Environmental Aspirations ............................................................................................................ 31 Stephanie Mills, Greenpeace Present Reality State of the marine environment and indicators State of the Marine Environment and Marine Ecosystem Indicators ............................................ 34 Denise Church, CEO, Ministry for the Environment Identifying the Effects of Fishing on Marine Communities ........................................................... 38 Simon Thrush, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton. Achieving the Preferred Future for our Ocean Ecosystems .......................................................... 44 Trevor J. Ward, CSIRO Division of Marine Research, Perth Marine Management and the Quota Management System: Reform required ............................... 62 Catherine Wallace, Lecturer in Public Policy, Victoria University of Wellington and Marine Coordinator, Environment and Conservation Organisations of NZ (inc.) SEAVIEWS Benthos: A Datalogger of Marine Environmental Health ............................................................. 79 Chris Battershill, Dennis Gordon and Edward Abraham, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington. Coastal Management in New Zealand–Preserving the Natural Character: Problems and an Alternative ................................................................................................................................. 88 N.J. Thomson, University of Otago Management of the New Zealand Pelagic and Deepwater Longline Fisheries with Particular Reference to the catches of non-target fish species and the interactions that occur with non-fish species ....................................................................................................................................... 95 Richard Cade, Consultant Improving the Statistical Power of Visual Length Estimates of Reef fish: A Comparison of Divers and Stereo-video ....................................................................................................................... 97 Euan Harvey, Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin; David Fletcher, Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin; Mark Shortis, Department of Geomatics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Preserving the Natural Character of Estuaries and Other Sensitive Coastal Environments ........ 111 Chris Richmond, Department of Conservation; Victoria Froude, Pacific Ecological Resource Management Consultants Towards a Co-management Approach to Fisheries Management in New Zealand..................... 120 Michael Bathgate and Ali Memon, Department of Geography, University of Otago, Dunedin Pelagic Plastics and Other Synthetic Marine Debris–a Chronic Problem .................................. 128 Murray R. Gregory, University of Auckland, New Zealand Saltmarsh Restoration and Management..................................................................................... 136 I.D. Marsden, Zoology Department, University of Canterbury; C. Heremaia, Waste Management Unit, Christchurch City Council Ecosystem Management Principles: New Zealand’s Marine Legal Framework ......................... 148 Barry Weeber, Senior Research, Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society A Review of Relations Between the EU and New Zealand ........................................................ 170 Kwame Mfodwo, Environment and Management Programme, Waikato Management School, University of Waikato Development of Australia’s Oceans Policy ................................................................................. 178 I.R. McPhail, Head, Portfolio Marine Group, Environment Australia; Chair, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Management of the By-catch of Protected Species in New Zealand: A Government Agency Perspective .............................................................................................................................. 181 Mike Donoghue, External Relations Division, Department of Conservation New Zealand Fur Seals: Treasure, Resource and Vermin ........................................................... 186 Chris Lalas, P.O. Box 31, Portobello, Dunedin; Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin Developing a Network of Marine Reserves for New Zealand .................................................... 191 Kathy Walls, Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai, Hamilton SEAVIEWS Australia’s Oceans Policy ............................................................................................................ 199 Diane Tarte, Australian Marine Conservation Society Changes in the Distribution of Epifaunal Reefs and Oysters During 130 Years of Dredging for Oysters in Foveaux Strait ........................................................................................................ 201 H.J. Cranfield and K. P. Michael, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Wellington Closing the Gap How do we get there? A System of Marine Reserves: The Opportunity and the Obligation .......................................... 202 W. J. Ballantine, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland Maori, The Industry and Fishing ................................................................................................. 205 Shane Jones, Muriwhenua Iwi, Treaty of Waitangi Fisheries Commissioner Community Involvement in Marine and Coastal Management: Australia’s Marine and Coastal Community Network............................................................................................................... 209 T. Flaherty, C. Bell and D.M. Tarte, Marine and Coastal Community Network – Australia Kia Ora Tonu te ‘Mauri’, o nga Moana te Taitokerau mo nga Uri Whakatupu: To Maintain and Enhance the Life-force of the Seas of Northland for Future Generations............................... 216 Maiki Marks, Secretary, policy and planning, Kororareka Marae Society Incorporated From Walking the Walk to Talking the Talk: Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Community Involvement ......................................................................................................... 224 Carole Donaldson, Participatory processes consultant, Diamond Harbour Restoration of the Port Waikato Sand Dunes: A Community-based Rehabilitation Project ....... 230 By H. Spence, G. Lowe, J. Dahm. and E. O’Callaghan Neighbourhood Biology: ‘On-line’ and ‘in the field’ services about our local ecology .............. 238 Mary Gardner, Neighbourhood Biology Future Options for the Department of Conservation in Conserving New Zealand’s Marine Environment ............................................................................................................................ 243 Jim Nicolson, Principal policy analyst, Conservation Policy Division, Department of Conservation New Zealand’s Ocean Future: Opportunities and Responsibilities ............................................. 251 Patrick Helm, Department of the Prime Minister & Cabinet Issues for the Future ................................................................................................................... 258 Catherine Wallace, Senior lecturer, School of Business and Public Management, Victoria University of Wellington Workshops Summary of Workshops: Preferred futures for the marine environment and
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