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Year Book 95.Pdf YEAR BOOK 95 The President's Report July 1,1995-June 30, 1996 • CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON • OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION 1530 P Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005-1910 (202) 387-6400 President: Maxine F. Singer Director, Administration and Finance: John]. Lively Director, External Affairs: Susanne Garvey DEPARTMENT OF EMBRYOLOGY 115 West University Parkway Baltimore, MD 21210-3301 (410) 554-1200 Director: Allan C. Spradlmg DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY 290 Panama Street Stanford, CA 943054101 (415) 325-1521 Director: Christopher Somervilk GEOPHYSICAL LABORATORY 5251 Broad Branch Road, N.W. Washington, DC 20015-1305 (202) 686-2410 Director: Charles T. Prewitt DEPARTMENT OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM 5241 Broad Branch Road, N.W. Washington, DC 20015-1305 (202) 686-4370 Director: Sean C. Solomon THE OBSERVATORIES LAS CAMPANAS OBSERVATORY 813 Santa Barbara Street Casilla 601 Pasadena, CA 911014292 La Serena, Chile (818) 5774122 Director: Augustus Oemfcr, Jr., The Crawford H. Greenewak Chair Director, Las Campanas: Miguel Roth Carnegie Institution Web site; http://www.ciw.edu Library of" Congress Catalog Card Number 346716 ISSN CCW-OttoX; ISBN 0^727^6744 Printing by KirK Litfv^nifliic Company, Inc. Comp»*Mtu*n vuth AJrhe PageMaker Pecemkr \Wfr Contents Presidents Commentary (Singer) 1 Losses, Gains, Honors 10 Contributions, Gifts, and Private Grants 15 • The Observatories Director's Introduction 21 The Sky at Meter Wavelengths (McCarthy) 23 Lurking Galaxies (Dalcanton) 31 Personnel 37 Bibliography 39 • Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Director's Introduction 47 Time Scales and Stellar Evolution (Graham) 50 Star Dust in the Laboratory (Alexander) 57 Personnel 65 Bibliography 67 • Department of Embryology Director's Introduction 73 Mice Flip Over New Genetic Techniques (Dyrnecki) 77 Modem Genetics: A Modular Mis-expression Screen in. Drosophik (R0rth) . 82 Personnel 89 Bibliography 91 (continued) Yi \H fix 'K ^5 • C'\K\I i Al hoTHVIk >\ • Department of Plant Biology Director's Introduction 95 How Plants Protect Themselves from Damage by Excessive Sunlight (Niyogi, Grossman, and Bjorkman) 99 The Changing Carbon Cycle, from the Leaf to the Globe (Field) .. 106 Personnel 113 Bibliography 115 • Geophysical Laboratory Director's Introduction 119 Isotopic Tracers of Climatic Changes in the Australian Outback (Fogel and Johnson) 121 Ancient Structures: Probing the Chemistry of Organic Matter Diagenesis (Cody) 128 Ultrahigh Metamorphism and the Qinglongshan Anomaly (Rumble) 137 Personnel 140 Bibliography 142 Extradepartmental and Administrative Personnel 149 Publications and Special Events 150 Abstract of Minutes of the 104th Meeting of the Board 151 Bylaws 153 Financial Statements .. •, 162 Index. 175 C?me#ie Institution of Washing >n is committed to the national policy of fair treatment of all employees in .ill aspects of employment. The Institution Joes not discriminate against any person on the kw» at race, color, religion, HJX, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, veteran status, or .my other baai* prohjhiteJ h\ applicable law. This pt^licy ctwers all pri>grams, including adminis- trirti»*n ii ifA eJuc.1tion.4l pioftjram, aJmiK^nm ot qualified student!* as fellows, and empltfyment j d President and Trustees PRESIDENT Maxine E Singer BOARD OF TRUSTEES Thomas N. Urban, Chairman William I. M. Turner, Jr., Vice-Chairman William T. Golden, Secretary Philip H. Abelson William R. Hearst III William T. Coleman, jr. Richard E. Heckert John E Crawford Kazuo Inamori Edward E. David, Jr. Gerald D. Laubach John Diebold John D. Macomber James D. Ebert Richard A. Meserve W. Gary Ernst Frank Press Sandra M. Faber William J. Rutter Bruce W. Ferguson David E Swensen Michael E. Gellert Charles HL Townes Robert G. Goelet Sidney J. Weinberg, Jr. David Greenewalt TRUSTEES EMERITI Caryl P. Haskins William R. Hewlett William McChesney Martin, Jr. Richard S. Perkins Robert C. Seamans, Jr. Frank Stanton YHAR Fk vi; ^5 • C • Former Presidents and Trustees • PRESIDENTS Frederick H. Gillett, 1924-1935 Paul F. Oreffice, 1988-1993 Daniel C. Gilman, 1902-1908 William Church Osborn, 1927- Daniel Coit Gilman, 1902-1904 HannaH. Gray, 1974-1978 1934 Robert S. Woodward, 1904-1920 Crawford H. Greenewalt, 1952- Walter H. Page, 1971-1979 John C. Merriam, 1921-1938 1984 James Parmelee, 1917-1931 Vannevar Bush, 1939-1955 William C. Greenough, 1975- William Barclay Parsons, 1907- Caryl P. Haskins, 1956-1971 1989 1932 Philip H. Abelson, 1971-1978 Patrick E. Haggerty, 1974-1975 Stewart Paton, 1916-1942 James D. Ebert, 1978-1987 John Hay, 1902-1905 Robert N. Pennoyer, 1968-1989 Edward E. David, Jr. (Acting Barklie McKee Henry, 1949-1966 George W. Pepper, 1914-1919 President, 1987-1988) Myron T. Herrick, 1915-1929 John J. Pershing, 1930-1943 Abram S. Hewitt, 1902-1903 Henning W. Prentis, Jr., 1942- TRUSTEES Henry L. Higginson, 1902-1919 1959 Ethan A. Hitchcock, 1902-1909 Henry S. Pritchett, 1906-1936 Alexander Aggasiz, 1904-1905 Henry Hitchcock, 1902 Gordon S. Rentschler, 1946-1948 Robert O. Anderson, 1976-1983 Herbert Hoover, 1920-1949 Sally K. Ride, 1989-1994 Lord Ashby of Brandon, 1967- William Wirt Howe, 1903-1909 David Rockefeller, 1952-1956 1974 Charles L. Hutchinson, 1902- ElihuRoot, 1902-1937 J. Paul Austin, 1976-1978 1904 ElihuRoot, Jr., 1937-1967 George G. Baldwin, 1925-1927 Walter A. Jessup, 1938-1944 Julius Rosenwald, 1929-1931 Thomas Barbour, 1934-1946 Frank B. Jewett, 1933-1949 William M. Roth, 1968-1979 James F. Bell, 1935-1961 George F. Jewett, Jr., 1983-1987 William W. Rubey, 1962-1974 John S. Billings, 1902-1913 Antonia Ax:son Johnson, 1980- Martin A. Ryerson,-1908-1928 Robert Woods Bliss, 1936-1962 1994 Howard A. Schneiderman, 1988- Amory H. Bradford, 1959-1972 William F. Kieschnick, 1985-1991 1990 Lindsay Bradford, 1940-1958 Samuel P. Langley, 1904-1906 Henry R. Shepley, 1937-1962 Omar N. Bradley, 1948-1969 Kenneth G. Langone, 1993-1994 Theobald Smith, 1914-1934 Lewis M. Branscomb, 1973-1990 Ernest O. Lawrence, 1944-1958 JohnC. Spooner, 1902-1907 Robert S. Brookings, 1910-1929 Charles A. Lindbergh, 1934-1939 William Benson Storey, 1924- James E. Burke, 1989-1993 William Lindsay, 1902-1909 1939 Vannevar Bush, 1958-1971 Henry Cabot Lodge, 1914-1924 Richard P. Strong, 1934-1948 John L. Cadwalader, 1903-1914 Alfred L. Loomis, 1934-1973 Charles P. Taft, 1936-1975 William W. Campbell, 1929-1938 Robert A. Lovett, 1948-1971 William H. Taft, 1906-1915 John J. Carty, 1916-1932 SethLow, 1902-1916 William S. Thayer, 1929-1932 Whitefoord R. Cole, 1925-1934 Wayne MacVeagh, 1902-1907 JuanT. Trippe, 1944-1981 John T. Connor, 1975-1980 Keith S. McHugh, 1950-1974 James W. Wadsworth, 1932-1952 Frederic A. Delano, 1927-1949 Andrew W. Mellon, 1924-1937 Charles D. Walcott, 1902-1927 Cleveland H. Dodge, 1903-1923 JohnC. Merriam, 1921-1938 Frederic C. Walcott, 1931-1948 William E. Dodge, 1902-1903 J. lrwin Miller, 1988-1991 Henry P. Walcott, 1910-1924 Gerald M. Edelman, 1980-1987 Margaret Carnegie Miller, 1955— Lewis H. Weed, 1935-1952 Charles P. Fenner, 1914-1924 1967 William H. Welch, 1906-1934 Michael Ference, Jr., 1968-1980 Roswell Miller, 1933-1955 Gunnar Wessman, 1984-1987 Homer L. Ferguson, 1927-1952 Darius O. Mills, 1902-1909 Andrew D. White, 1902-1916 Simon Flexner, 1910-1914 S. Weir Mitchell, 1902-1914 Edward D. White, 1902-1903 W. Cameron Forbes, 1920-1955 Andrew J. Montague, 1907-1935 Henry White, 1913-1927 James Forrestal, 1948-1949 Henry S. Morgan, 1936-1978 James N. White, 1956-1979 William N. Frew, 1902-1915 William W. Morrow, 1902-1929 George W. Wickersham, 1909- Lyman J. Gage. 1902-1912 Seeley G. Mudd, 1940-1968 1936 Walter S. Giftbrd. 1931-1966 Franklin D. Murphy, 1978-1985 Robert E. Wilson, 1953-1964 Carl J. Gilbert, 1962-1983 William I. Myers, 1948-1976 Robert S. Woodward, 1905-1924 Cass Gilbert, 1924-1934 Garrison Norton, 1960-1974 Carroll D. Wright, 1902-1908 (: \: M , ni I win •:;<, \ • YEAR BOOK 95 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism staff member Erik Hauri and visitor Vincent Salters from Florida State University with the Cameca IMS 6f ion microprobe at DTM. The instrument, which enables researchers to examine micro-scale variations in trace elements and isotopes by bombarding samples with beams of charged particles, is run as a regional facility, with approximately half the operating time reserved for scientists from other institutions. It was formally dedicated in June 1996. (Photo by Steve Shirey) • V! hese are times of growing apprehension about how deeply the United States and several European countries are committed to the Tsupport of scientific research. Because the Carnegie Institution of Washington depends largely on an endowment for its annual operating funds, we feel less threatened by diminishing federal grants than other institutions. This circumstance is the consequence of decisions made decades ago by our trustees to eschew expansion on the basis of "soft" money. In exchange for our scientific independence, we have been somewhat limited in the scope and size of our research efforts. Consequently, our scientists have more freedom than many others to pursue long-term projects and risky new directions. We see our own earth filled n ., , . , * Besides being more indepen- with abundance, hut we forget . , ^ dent in research, Carnegie scien- to consider how much of that 11** i tists are relatively free from the abundance is owing to the scientific knowledge the vast academic resP^sibllities that machinery of the universe has burden their Peers in research unfolded* universities. They have no formal requirements for teaching. The Thomas Paine The Age of Reason, Part I substantial time and effort they 1794* .____^^ invest in graduate students and postdoctoral fellows rather reflect their recognition that teaching and research are interdependent endeavors. Committee work at Carnegie is generally rare and short-lived, unlike the time- consuming institutional committees that university faculty experience. These considerations suggest an idyllic world in which Carnegie staff scientists can devote themselves entirely to thinking important thoughts and doing ground- breaking experiments.
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