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Assessment of the Prospect of Using the Hydropower Potential in the Operating Water-Supply and Irrigation Systems of Savropol Krai (Russia)

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Assessment of the Prospect of Using the Hydropower Potential in the Operating Water-Supply and Irrigation Systems of Savropol Krai (Russia) 2019 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon) Assessment of the Prospect of Using the Hydropower Potential in the Operating Water-Supply and Irrigation Systems of Savropol Krai (Russia) Bondarenko V.L. Semenova E.A. Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Candidate of Technical Sciences Novocherkassk Engineering and Ameliorative Institute named Associate Professor after A. K. Kortunov Institute of Service, Tourism and Design Don State Agrarian University North-Caucasus Federal University Novocherkassk, Russia Pyatigorsk, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Khetsuriani E.D. Candidate of Technical Sciences Associate Professor M.I. Platov South-Russian State Technical University (Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute), Novocherkassk, Russian Federation; /Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia [email protected] Abstract—At the present stage of the development of the industry and agricultural production in the South and North I. INTRODUCTION Caucasus regions of the Russian Federation where over 23 million The power-supply system in the south of Russia, that has people (16.3% of the Russian Federation population) live, one of developed over the last years, is based on the electric power the major problems is the use of the renewables: wind and solar supply by the power stations, which are located outside the energy, hydro energy potential of the river systems and operating system, through the system of the substations of the lines of the hydraulic structures within the water-supply and irrigation joint stock company “Federal Network Company” reaching the systems, geothermal waters, wastes of livestock production and crop production and the potential of forest biomass [1, 6, 7, 21]. length of thousands kilometres. The volume of electricity Under the influence of the ingoing flows of solar energy as a consumption grows every year and it will have made up over primary and main source of the life on the Earth, the global 26.2 billion kW/h only in Rostov Region and over 126 billion hydrological cycle (577,000 km3) takes place and makes conditions kW/h in the regions of the Southern Federal District and North for the natural hydrological processes in the formation of water Caucasian Federal District by 2020. In this case a number of resources in the spatial limits of the river basin geo-systems which factors remain unchanged which reduce the security and quality are used and have the big prospect for their utilization as a of supplied electric power and considerably raise its cost because renewable energy source of electricity generation by hydroelectric of the electric line power losses, production costs of transport power stations and pumped storage hydroelectric power plants. organizations and service costs of electricity resellers [8, 12, 15]. The development of electricity generating capacities by small hydropower engineering is one of the most promising directions in The lack of generating power capacities in the southern view of the existing growth of energy consumption all over the territory of Russia, enabling to stay on the plan of consumed world and in the Russian Federation in particular [2, 4]. electric power, leads to the considerable raising of tariff rates of electric power which is caused by the electric line power losses Keywords—renewable energy sources, small hydroelectric power and maximum power demand during the morning and evening station, hydraulic structures, water supply and irrigation system. peak load. The development of electricity generation capacities at the hydroelectric power stations (HPSs) makes possible to mitigate the urgency of the problem in some way owing to the 978-1-7281-0061-6/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 2019 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon) option of varying the power generation depending on different the territory of Stavropol Krai [3, 5, 9, 10]. parts of a day [14, 16, 17]. The authors developed the map of the small HPSs at 14 sites Using the water resources for the power production at the using the results of the route research of hydro-electric hydroelectric power stations will provide the reliable and high- characteristics and ecological and economical supporting data quality power supply of the agricultural enterprises, housing and (Fig. 1). public utilities of rural settlements, enterprises of local industry and transport, reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas (CO2) to The gross power of the small HPSs (Fig.1) may amount 50- the atmosphere, and save the fuel used at the thermal stations. 53 MW when the annual average electricity production is 480 million kW/h. The annual production of five small HPSs with the design capacities of 51.8 kW/h and year-round operation is II. METHODS estimated as 16.8 MW. Table 1 shows the results for five most Analysing the results of the complex studies of the operating promising sites, including the substantiating calculated operation water supply and irrigation systems in the regions of the southern characteristics of commercial, budget and ecological and Russia, the authors found out that one of the promising directions economical (social) effectiveness and the assessment of their of using the renewables are the intra-system hydraulic structures influence on the natural habitats (atmosphere, hydrosphere, top (regulating the drops and others) to locate the small hydroelectric layers of lithosphere, and pedosphere) [13,15,17,18]. power stations on them. So, the building of the small To determine the commercial effectiveness of the object, the hydroelectric power stations upon the availability of sufficient authors calculated the following indices: net present value water flows, pressures and specific conditions is taken as an (NPV), internal return rate (IRR), discounted payback period initial stage of using the potential energy of a water stream for the (DPP) and profit index (PI). In the calculation the discount rate electricity production at the operating hydraulic structures by the was considered as 12%. example of the operating water supply and irrigation systems in Fig. 1. Map of the hydroelectric power stations (HPSs) within the water supply and irrigation systems of Stavropol Krai Map legend: 1. HPS Prosyanskiy spillway from the Great Stavropol Canal 4 into the Kalaus River; 2. HPS of Pokoynenskaya dam, Kuma River; 3. HPS of Pre-Kuma River (Pokoynenskiy) weir, Terek-Kuma Canal; 4. HPS of the Kuma River spillway, Terek-Kuma Canal; 5. HPS of Gorko-Balkoskiy spillway, Terek-Kuma Canal; 6. HPS on the Yegorlyk River weir #3; 7. HPS at the spillway from Novotroetskoe reservoir, Pravoyegorlykskiy Canal; 8. HPS on the Yegorlyk River. Weir #2; 9. HPS of Levopapadnenskiy spillway, Terek-Kuma Canal; 10. Diversion of the part of the stream from the Great Stavropol Canal into the Nevinnomyssk Canal; 11. Reconstruction of Sengileevskaya HPS, Nevinnomyssk Canal; 12. HPS on the Malka River, Terek-Kuma Canal; 13. HPS on the Kuma–Manych Canal, village of Turksad; 14. HPS on the hydraulic structure in the stanitsa (Cossack village) of Bekeshevskaya. 978-1-7281-0061-6/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 2019 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon) The revenues of the power station depend on the capacity and Using the optimistic and moderate scenarios, the authors estimated price of produced electricity (average long-term obtained the results which are presented in Table 2. electricity generation). The calculation does not include a value added tax. Assessing the ecological, economic and social effectiveness of the construction and reconstruction of small HPSs in Stavropol In the calculation, the price for the electricity supplied to the Krai, the authors took into account the indirect productive and wholesale market in the united energy system in the south of environmental results. In this case, they are the substitution of Russia at unregulated prices is assumed to be 1.325 Russian hydrocarbon and/or carbon-based fuels (gas and coal) and roubles (RUB)/kWh with the growth rate forecast of 3% prevention of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2). The results of the (optimistic market development) and 2% (moderate market calculations can be seen in Table 3 [1, 3, 5]. development). The calculation takes into account the taxes required by law [18-20]. TABLE I. THE SMALL HPSS OF THE FIRST CONSTRUCTION PHASE IN STAVROPOL KRAI No. Name of the HPS, water stream Diver- Water Calculated flow Power, MW Production Operating mode of sion, m pres- rate of the HPS, capacity, the HPS sure, m m3/s mln. kW/h 1.(6) HPS on the Yegorlyk River #3 84.2 6.25 23-26 1.2-1.4 8.3-8.7 all year round 2.(8) HPS on the Yegorlyk River #2 197 10.25 23-26 2.1-2.4 13.6-14.2 all year round 3.(2) HPS on Pokoynenskaya dam. 22.3 4.5 28-30 1.1-1.2 4.65-4.7 all year round Kuma River 4.(3) HPS on the Pre-Kuma River 22.3 6.5 32-34 1.5-1.6 7.3-7.4 all year round (Pokoynenskiy) weir 5.(5) HPS of Gorko-Baalkovskiy weir, 330 31.6 37-40 9.9-10.7 41.7-43.5 April-November Terek-Kuma Canal TABLE II. THE INDICES OF COMMERCIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF BUILDING THE SMALL HPSS Object Investment cost, mln. Produc- NPV, (thousands RUB) PI,% IPR,% Pay-off period, RUB (prices for tion cost, year 2011) RUB/kW h Optimistic Moderate Optimistic Moderate HPS #6 66.173 0.44 7,377 3,050.5 1.11 1.047 8.9 11.2 HPS #8 74.246 0.225 60,165 45,851 1.80 1.6 13.3 6.14 HPS #2 56.600 0.36 9,290 2,700 1.16 1.05 10.4 9.5 HPS #3 56.070 0.312 15,630 8,460 1.27 1.15 11.2 8.7 HPS #5 229.980 0.285 90,297 58,270 1.39 1.25 11.8 8.0 Table 4 summarises the indices of assessing the influence of Krai.
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