530,531,534,535,536,537,638 Ani Extremi:1849-1906

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530,531,534,535,536,537,638 Ani Extremi:1849-1906 DIRECfTA ARfHVE NAŢIONALE i~rORICE CEJHRALE SERVICrUL ARl IlVE FEUDALE, PL {SO. [ALE şr COLECTIl MICROFILME S.U.A. ROLELE 530,531,534,535,536,537,638 Ani extremi:1849-1906 BUCUREŞTI 2004 - PREFAŢĂ Inventarul de faţă s-a Întocmit la rolele 530, 531, 534, 535, 536, 537 şi 638 din Colecţia Microfilme S.U.A., depistate la Arhivele Naţionale ale Statelor Unite - Washington D.C., de către Ştefan Hurrnuzache, Ştefan Nimară şi Florea Oprea în anul 1977. Documentele din rolele 530 şi 531 provin din fondul Arhiva generală a Departamentului de Stat, telegrame consulare de la Sankt Petersburg şi se încadrează în timp de la 29 decembrie 1863 până la 30 septembrie 1878 şi emană de la consulii şi viceconsulii S.U.A din această perioadă din capitala Rusiei. Cea mai mare pondere în rapoartele consulare ale reprezentanţilor americani o au problemele cornerciale, cu accent pe interesul pentru materiile prime deficitare în S.U.A. pe care acestea le-ar put~a obţine din Rusia, pentru situaţia exportului Rusiei către S.U.A. şi produsele exportate. O altă categorie ele documente este aceea privind situaţia politic 0- e-conomică din Imperiul Rus cu tendinţele sale expansioniste. Este evidenţiată dezvoltarea industriei naţionale, construirii de căi ferate, industriei forestiere şi de prelucrare a bumbacului. Ilustrative pentru stadiul dezvoltării economice a Rusiei sunt documentele de sinteză care analizează evoluţia activităţii comcciale pe perioada 1850 - 1874.' Ca reprezentanţi consulari, ei emit o multitudine de documente şi cu acest profil. În ceea ce priveşte rolele 535, 536 şi 537 acestea provin din Arhiva generală a Departamentului de Stat, Instrucţiuni diplomatice, Austria, iar problema tratată în docurientele din cea de-a doua rolă este aproape identică cu cea din rola 639, Colecţia de Microfilme S.U.A., de aceea aceste două role ar trebui analizate în preună. " Materialul conţinut de rolele mai sus menţionate are, spre deosebire de alte documente microfiln ate, o particularitate şi anume că, din confirmările de rapoarte sau telcgrarr e, din instrucţiunile tnmise de Departamentul de Stat miniştrilor săi la Vie11ape o perioadă ce se întinde de la 2 martie 1871 până la 19 decembrie ]892, cu un prilej sau altul, pe o temă sau alta, cercetătorul poate reconstitui tema abordată în raportul. ministrului. Aceste instrucţiuni pot fi folo ite cu real succes pentru eventuale depistări. Documentele conţin 11 J .mnaţii referitoare la: semnarea primului tratat americano-britanio în 1(,71 pentru reglementarea unor probleme pendinte Între cele două ţări, int .rvenţia americane-spaniolă împotriva insurecţiei 2 cubaneze, semnarea unor convenţii cornerciale intre Statele Unite şi Austro- Ungaria, interesul guvernului american - dornic să-şi perfecţioneze după model european legislaţia - faţă de legile date in parlamentul austro-ungar, francez, german etc. în diferite domenii ale activităţii publice, propunerea americană de organizare a unei conferinţe internaţionale pentru reglementarea problemelor apărute în urma războiului ruso-turc din 1877- 1878 etc. Perioada în care funcţia de ministru plenipotenţiar american a fost deţinut de John Kasson reprezintă un interes aparte, Întrucât el a ridicat Departamentului de Stat chestiunea necesităţii stabilirii, mai întâi, a unor relaţii mai apropiate cu România şi Serbia şi, abia apoi, a stabilii de relaţii diplomatice cu ele, lucru realizat mai târziu, în 1881. De asemenea, este de semnalat această perioadă şi pentru menţionarea (în aceleaşi confirmări ale Departamentului de Stat de primire a rapoartelor) recunoaşterii guvernului României de către Marea Britanie, Germania şi Franţa, a semnării convenţiei comerciale române-britanice, precum şi începerea de negocieri cu România şi Serbia, în vederea scmnării unor convenţii similare. Pentru perioada 1868-1906 s-au microfilmat (rola 537) documente .reprezentând instrucţiuni ale Departamentului de Stat către reprezentanţii săi diplomatici în ţările balcanice, confinnări de primire a rapoartelor acestora, rezolvarea unor probleme consulare etc. Valoarea acestor documente poate fi apreciată sub două aspecte şi anume: ca sursă de' cercetare a acelor rapoarte şi informaţii semnalate prin instrucţiuni şi, confirmări şi ca instrument documentar pentru identificarea unor personalităţi diplomatice acreditate în ţările balcanice acreditate în această perioadă. În plan general, pe baza acestui material se poate determina sfera de interese ale Statelor Unite, Departamentul de Stat solicitând rapoarte de la miniştrii săi în domeniul bancar, ar organizării învăţământului, al prospectării posibilităţilor de încheiere de tratate şi convenţii consulare, de natura1izare, de extrădare şi de comerţ, pe baza acordării, în mod reciproc, a clauzei naţiunii celei mai favorizate. Documentele ilustrează evoluti,a relatiilor, româno-americane începând cu stabilirea de relaţii diplomatice şi numirea primului consul general şi agent diplomatic american în România, încheierea unui tratat de prietenie şi comerţ române-american (1898), a unei convenţii consulare, a uneia de extrădare, a uneia comerciale etc. Totodată, materialul cuprinde informaţii privind relaţiile S.U.A. cu celelalte ţări ba1canice - Grecia, Serbia şi Bulgaria - unele guvernul american avea reprezentant diplomatic. Este de asemenea prezentă informaţia despre participarea României la unele manifestări şi organisme internaţionale cum ar fi Expoziţia interne ţională a 3 bumbacului de la Atlanta, Gcorgia şi respectiv Tribunalul permanent (pe baza Convenţiei de Ia Haga). Aceleaşi documente se găsesc şi În rola 640 . Tot de la· Arhivele l Iaţionale ale S.U.A., Arhiva generală a Departamentului de Stat, prov ine şi materialul microfilmat pe rolele 534 şi 638, care acoperă perioada 21 septembrie 1849 şi 26 octombrie 1860. Respectivele role cuprind rapoartele pe perioada mai sus menţionată ale miniştrilor americani la Constantinopol, Carroll Spence şi George P. Marsh. Aceştia abordează o mare varietate de aspecte din care reţinem ca fiind cele mai Însemnate pe cele privind relaţiile bilaterale turc o-americane - atât politice, cât şi comerciale - cu referiri la comerţul turco-britanic prin comparaţie cu cel al S.U.A. cu Turcia, negocierea de către reprezentanţii diplomatici ai S.U.A. a unui tratat comercial cu Persia. Sub aspect comercial, documentele mai prezintă şi date statistice - furnizate de consuli i americani la Galaţi şi Brăila - asupra exportului şi importului ce se realizează din aceste porturi dunărene, precum şi asupra navigaţiei pe Dunăre. Situaţia politică din Imperiul Otoman este o altă temă- abordată de emitenţii documentelor, detaliată prin prezentarea remanierii guvernelor otomane, influenţa diferitelor personalităţi asupra scenei politice etc. Un spaţiu însemnat îl ocupă documentele referitoare la procesul intentat de autorităţile greceşti împotriva misionarului american Dr. King şi protestele guvernului S.U.A. În plan extern, sunt prezentate - din punctul american de vedere - interesele conflictuale ale Marilor Puteri faţă de Turcia, ilustrare, de altfel, şi în acea parte a documentelor care se ocupă de evenimentele politice care au premers izbucnirii războiului ruso-turc, tactica politică şi diplomatică a guvernelor britanic şi francez în acest conflict, medierea Angliei etc. O ultimă parte, dar nu şi de mai mică importanţă, o reprezintă acele documente care, începând cu 1857, redau ecoul mişcării unioniste din Principatele Moldova şi Valahia. În mod diferenţiat este prezentată poziţia marilor puteri europene şi a Imperiului Otoman faţă de actul Unirii Principatelor, în lumina avantajelor şi dezavantajelor pe care le prezenta pentru ele aceste transformări. Prelucrarea rolelor cuprinse în acest inventar a fost efectuată de Ileana Chirtu în anul 1989. ~-_... .... 4 Denurnirea părtii struc-tura-~,Ie---"_.- .rum "rul vechi GUPRINSUl\, al unt -ţii UNIWĂTII DE PAS1JRARE 1-- --1 . arhi:S 3 . : ice_I I I 1 COLECTIA MICROFILME S.U.A. Rola 530 tthe National Archives of the United states, Wash'ington D.C. (Arhivele ~aţionale ale' Statelor UNite) General Records of the Departr:nen·to state, R.G.59, Consular Despatches . Sankt Petersburg (Arhiva Generală a Departamentului de Stat, Depeşe con ulare. Sankt Petersburg) , 1 Rapoarte ale consulului SUA în 1863 c ,0-' Rttsia, Edwin Phelps, referitoare la dec.29 41 legile ruseşti care interzic impor- 1864 tul'pachetelor sigilate; specula cu mar.3], bumb~c pe piaţa internaţională şi ~ Sankt trebuinţa de acest material în Sta- Peten burg tele Unite; toate importuri."le şi exporturile Rusiei pe anul 1863 şi valoarea articolelor în ruble-arglil comparat~v cu anul 1858i comerţul Rusiei cu Statele unite (tabele pe anii 1862 Şf863)' intrdducerca ga- zului (cherosen) în iluminatul pu- bIic; pledoaria pentru sporirea co- ~erţului cu Statele Unite; raport Cd. 209 - 201)0 - I-a 020 -5~ Model 2 Denuni.hea părţii structurale R 530 ' --- ----.,---- . ..- Numărul Anul Nr. Nr. vechi CU P RIN SUL I sau anii Observ nţU ilelor crt. al unitatii I UNI TA rIT nE pAS T RAR E extremi i· ___ 1..arhi:isti~ :_. ~_----_--- ----- --~---I----I--- _~1__f,,~_~---~----~~---.,--~3~--~-------~--+-~4~_-~~5~~-_G asupra cheltuielilor efectuate în anul 1863; tabel cu vapoarele ame- ricane sosite în ultimul trimestru al anului 1863 la Cronstadt; modifi- cări în legislaţia Rusiei privind importul de bumbac brut; despre in- tervenţia Franţei şi MArii Britani' în conflictul dintre Germania şi I Danemarca; poziţia Rusiei faţă de acesta; ~heltuielile neces.itate de . o reşedinţă oficială a ministrului american la St.Petersburg;
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