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Report UNEP Dandora Environmental Pollution and Impact to Public Health
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND IMPACT TO PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF THE DANDORA MUNICIPAL DUMPING SITE IN NAIROBI, KENYA 2 Environmental Pollution and Impact to Public Health; Implication of the Dandora Municipal Dumping Site in Nairobi, Kenya. A PILOT STUDY REPORT NJOROGE G. KIMANI In cooperation with THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP) Nairobi, Kenya, 2007 3 Cover Photo: Korogocho Children dancing during the Children day and inhaling toxic smokes from the Dandora dumpsite. Courtesy of Andrea Rigon Author/Editor: Njoroge G. Kimani, MSc Medical Biochemistry Clinical Biochemist/Principal Investigator Email: [email protected] In collaboration with; Rob De Jong and Jane Akumu United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Financial support for study made available by UNEP This document contains the original UNEP report. Kutoka Network has changed the layout and added some pictures with the only objective to facilitate the circulation of such an important document. Kutoka Network believes that this report is key for public health advocacy initiatives in Nairobi. For more information: www.kutokanet.com 4 Contents Acknowledgment 7 Executive Summary 8 CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction 9 1.1 Background Information 9 1.2 Solid Waste Management, Environmental Pollution and Impact to Public Health 10 1.2.1 Heavy metals 10 1.2.2 Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 11 1.3 The Dandora Municipal Waste Dumping Site 12 1.4 Objectives of the Study 15 1.4.1 Broad objective 15 1.4.2 Specific objectives 15 1.5 Significance of the study 15 CHAPTER 2 2. Methodology and Results 16 2.1 Environmental Evaluation 16 2.1.1 Collection of soil samples and compost sample 16 2.1.2 Collection of water samples 16 2.1.3 Analysis of environmental samples 16 2.1.4 Results of environmental samples 17 2.2 Biomonitoring and Health Effects 20 2.2.1 Clinical evaluation 20 2.2.2 Collection of biological samples 22 2.2.3 Analysis of biological samples 22 2.2.4 Biological samples results 23 2.2.4.2 Urine samples 25 CHAPTER 3 3. -
Formation, Survival and Performance of Self-Help Groups in Dagoretti South Constituency Nairobi County
FORMATION, SURVIVAL AND PERFORMANCE OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN DAGORETTI SOUTH CONSTITUENCY NAIROBI COUNTY BY GATHUA JANET NYAMBURA T50/82237/2015 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI NOVEMBER, 2020 UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI Declaration of Originality Form This form must be completed and signed for all works submitted to the University for Examination. Name of Student ____JANET GATHUA NAMBURA Registration Number _________T50/82237/2015_____________________________ College __COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES__________ Faculty/School/Institute_ INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES_______ Department ______________________________________________________ Course Name _MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES__________ Title of the work FORMATION, SURVIVAL AND PERFORMANCE OF SELF- HELP GROUPS IN DAGORETTI SOUTH CONSTITUENCY NAIROBI COUNTY__ DECLARATION 1. I understand what Plagiarism is and I am aware of the University’s policy in this regard 2. I declare that this __________________ (Thesis, project, essay, assignment, paper, report, etc.) is my original work and has not been submitted elsewhere for examination, award of a degree or publication. Where other people’s work or my own work has been used, this has properly been acknowledged and referenced in accordance with the University of Nairobi’s requirements. 3. I have not sought or used the services of any professional agencies to produce this work 4. I have not allowed, and shall not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his/her own work 5. I understand that any false claim in respect of this work shall result in disciplinary action, in accordance with University Plagiarism Policy. -
Republic of Kenya in the High Court of Kenya at Nairobi
REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT NAIROBI MILIMANI LAW COURTS CIVIL DIVISION MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION NO. 601 OF 2015 IN THE MATTER OF: AN APPLICATION BY THE ASSETS RECOVERY AGENCY FOR ORDERS UNDER SECTIONS 81, 82 AND 87 OF THE PROCEEDS OF CRIME AND ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING ACT READ WITH ORDER 51 OF THE CIVIL PROCEDURE RULES TO PROHIBIT THE TRANSFER AND OR DISPOSAL OFF OR OTHER DEALINGS (HOWESOEVER DESCRIBED) WITH THE PROPERTY KNOWN AS MAISONETTE HOUSE AT KASARANI LR NO 20857/190, PLOT NUMBER L.R NO RUIRU JUJA EAST BLOCK 2/360, MOTOR VEHICLE TOYOTA PRADO REGISTRATION NUMBER KCD 536P, REGISTRATION NUMBER KCE 874R STATION WAGON TOYOTA PRADO. BETWEEN THE ASSETS RECOVERY AGENCY…………………………APPLICANT AND SAMWEL WACHENJE alias SAM MWADIME ……1ST RESPONDENT SUSAN MKIWA MNDANYI…………………………….2ND RESPONDENT VANDAMME JOHN…………………………….…………3RD RESPONDENT ANTHONY KIHARA GETHI………………….…………4TH RESPONDENT CHARITY WANGUI GETHI………..………….………..5TH RESPONDENT NDUNGU JOHN…………………………………….……..6TH RESPONDENT GACHOKA PAUL …………………………………………7TH RESPONDENT JAMES KISINGO………………………………………..8TH RESPONDENT AND JANE KABURA ………………………INTENDED INTERESTED PARTY NOTICE OF MOTION (Order1 and order 51 Of the Civil procedure Act cap 21,and all other enabling provisions of the law. ) TAKE NOTICE that this honourable court will be moved on the day of 2015 at 9 O’clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as the matter may be reached for hearing of an application on the part of Counsel for JANE KABURA the intended Interested Party /applicant herein for ORDERS THAT 1. THAT Jane Kabura be enjoined in these proceedings as an Interested Party . 2. That Jane Kabura do file pleadingsand responses in this matter 3. -
List of the Main Kenyan Financial Institutions That Provide Loans Tothe Agriculutre Sector
LIST OF THE MAIN KENYAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT PROVIDE LOANS TOTHE AGRICULUTRE SECTOR Type of Org Organisation Service for Brief description Website Reference Contact Id Name SHF Zahid Mustafa - Barclays Commercial 1 Barclays is supporting small holder farmers finance. Consumer Banking Limited Bank Director Commercial Julius Ngesa - Head Commercial They have several product to serve farmers. Value Chains supported: dairy, tea and 2 Bank of Africa http://cbagroup.com/ of Business Bank sugar cane (CBA) Development Business Revolving Credit Plan gives you a line of credit which can be paid off over two to five years. Once you have repaid 25% of the loan, you can withdraw funds up to the original limit, without affecting your monthly repayments. The loan can be linked to your business account, so you can transfer funds electronically An Agricultural Production Loan (APL) is a short-term credit that lets you pay for your agricultural input costs. This product is suitable for grain farmers cultivating on either CFC Stanbic Commercial dry land or on an irrigation basis. Loans are provided to individual farmers, groups and http://www.stanbicban Derrick Kimani - 3 Bank Bank legal entities in the agricultural sector, including commercial farmers and agri- k.co.ke/ Digital Channels businesses. Input costs that qualify for production credit include: Seeds and fertilizer; Fuel, oil and lubricants; Herbicides and pesticides; Repairs and maintenance; Crop insurance premiums The vehicle and asset finance packages are designed to support business‚ cash flow and tax requirements. Vehicles and assets we finance include: Tractors; Harvesters; Centre pivots; Solar panels Dairy Asset Finance, value chain finance. -
Kibera: the Biggest Slum in Africa? Amélie Desgroppes, Sophie Taupin
Kibera: The Biggest Slum in Africa? Amélie Desgroppes, Sophie Taupin To cite this version: Amélie Desgroppes, Sophie Taupin. Kibera: The Biggest Slum in Africa?. Les Cahiers de l’Afrique de l’Est, 2011, 44, pp.23-34. halshs-00751833 HAL Id: halshs-00751833 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00751833 Submitted on 14 Nov 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Kibera: The Biggest Slum in Africa? Amélie Desgroppes and Sophie Taupin Abstract This article presents the findings of the estimated population of Kibera, often said to be the “biggest slum in Africa”. This estimation was done in 2009 by the French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA) Nairobi and Keyobs, a Belgian company, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methodology and a ground survey. The results showed that there are 200,000 residents, instead of the 700,000 to 1 million figures which are often quoted. The 2009 census and statistics on Kibera’s population also confirmed that the IFRA findings were accurate. Introduction Kibera, the infamous slum in Nairobi – Kenya’s capital, is viewed as “the biggest, largest and poorest slum in Africa”. -
Bank Code Finder
No Institution City Heading Branch Name Swift Code 1 AFRICAN BANKING CORPORATION LTD NAIROBI ABCLKENAXXX 2 BANK OF AFRICA KENYA LTD MOMBASA (MOMBASA BRANCH) AFRIKENX002 3 BANK OF AFRICA KENYA LTD NAIROBI AFRIKENXXXX 4 BANK OF BARODA (KENYA) LTD NAIROBI BARBKENAXXX 5 BANK OF INDIA NAIROBI BKIDKENAXXX 6 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. ELDORET (ELDORET BRANCH) BARCKENXELD 7 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. MOMBASA (DIGO ROAD MOMBASA) BARCKENXMDR 8 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. MOMBASA (NKRUMAH ROAD BRANCH) BARCKENXMNR 9 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (BACK OFFICE PROCESSING CENTRE, BANK HOUSE) BARCKENXOCB 10 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (BARCLAYTRUST) BARCKENXBIS 11 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (CARD CENTRE NAIROBI) BARCKENXNCC 12 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (DEALERS DEPARTMENT H/O) BARCKENXDLR 13 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (NAIROBI DISTRIBUTION CENTRE) BARCKENXNDC 14 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (PAYMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL SERVICES) BARCKENXPIS 15 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (PLAZA BUSINESS CENTRE) BARCKENXNPB 16 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (TRADE PROCESSING CENTRE) BARCKENXTPC 17 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI (VOUCHER PROCESSING CENTRE) BARCKENXVPC 18 BARCLAYS BANK OF KENYA, LTD. NAIROBI BARCKENXXXX 19 CENTRAL BANK OF KENYA NAIROBI (BANKING DIVISION) CBKEKENXBKG 20 CENTRAL BANK OF KENYA NAIROBI (CURRENCY DIVISION) CBKEKENXCNY 21 CENTRAL BANK OF KENYA NAIROBI (NATIONAL DEBT DIVISION) CBKEKENXNDO 22 CENTRAL BANK OF KENYA NAIROBI CBKEKENXXXX 23 CFC STANBIC BANK LIMITED NAIROBI (STRUCTURED PAYMENTS) SBICKENXSSP 24 CFC STANBIC BANK LIMITED NAIROBI SBICKENXXXX 25 CHARTERHOUSE BANK LIMITED NAIROBI CHBLKENXXXX 26 CHASE BANK (KENYA) LIMITED NAIROBI CKENKENAXXX 27 CITIBANK N.A. NAIROBI NAIROBI (TRADE SERVICES DEPARTMENT) CITIKENATRD 28 CITIBANK N.A. -
Population Density and Spatial Patterns of Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
sustainability Article Population Density and Spatial Patterns of Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya Hang Ren 1,2 , Wei Guo 3 , Zhenke Zhang 1,2,*, Leonard Musyoka Kisovi 4 and Priyanko Das 1,2 1 Center of African Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China; [email protected] (H.R.); [email protected] (P.D.) 2 School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China 3 Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; [email protected] 4 Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, Nairobi 43844, Kenya; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-025-89686694 Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 15 September 2020; Published: 18 September 2020 Abstract: The widespread informal settlements in Nairobi have interested many researchers and urban policymakers. Reasonable planning of urban density is the key to sustainable development. By using the spatial population data of 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study aims to explore the changes in population density and spatial patterns of informal settlements in Nairobi. The result of spatial correlation analysis shows that the informal settlements are the centers of population growth and agglomeration and are mostly distributed in the belts of 4 and 8 km from Nairobi’s central business district (CBD). A series of population density models in Nairobi were examined; it showed that the correlation between population density and distance to CBD was positive within a 4 km area, while for areas outside 8 km, they were negatively related. The factors determining population density distribution are also discussed. We argue that where people choose to settle is a decision process between the expected benefits and the cost of living; the informal settlements around the 4-km belt in Nairobi has become the choice for most poor people. -
Republic of Kenya Ministry of Roads and Publicworks Feasibility Study, Detailed Engineering Design, Tender Administration and C
ORIGINAL REPUBLIC OF KENYA COPY A I P O MINISTRY OF ROADS AND PUBLICWORKS I H T E O T T HI KA R IV ER CHANIA THIKA FEASIBILITY STUDY, DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN, TENDER ADMINISTRATION AND THIKA CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF NAIROBI – THIKA ROAD (A2) PHASE 1 AND 2 JUJ A FEASIBILITY AND DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN RUIRU ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT GITHURAIASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT KASSAR ANI FINAL REPORT RUARKA ` MUTHAI JULY 2007 GA PANGA MUSE NI UM NAIROBI GLOBE CINEMA R/A CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED 57, NEHRU PLACE, (5TH FLOOR), NEW DELHI - 110 019 in association with APEC LIMITED, NAIROBI Nairobi – Thika Road Upgrading project Sheet 1 of 88 2007025/Report 2/Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Report Proponent: Ministry of Roads and Public Works. Activity: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study on the proposed Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Nairobi – Thika road, A2. Report Title: Environmental Project Report (Scoping): Proposed Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Nairobi – Thika Road, A2. Consulting Engineers Consulting Engineers Services (India) Private Limited In association with APEC Consortium Limited P. O. Box 3786 – 00100, NAIROBI, KENYA, Tel. 254 020 606283 NEMA Registration No. 0836 of Firm of Experts: Signed: ____________________________ Date: _____________________ Mr. Harrison W. Ngirigacha (MSc. WERM, BSc. Chem. Reg. Expert (NEMA)) LEAD EIA EXPERT NEMA Reg. No. 0027 For: Consulting Engineers Name and Address of Proponent: The Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Roads and Public -
THE KENYA GAZETTE 17Th October, 2003
.w ry l h, k * t Nx / < > / syx ' xs-ï ' < ) - - ( - N :4 ' z1 . > *. B # jy A >é a e ê TH E K EN YA G A ZETTE Publijhed by Authority of the Republic of Kenya (Registered as a Newspaper at the G.P.O.) -. - . - - -. - = zz Vol. CV- NO. 102 NAIROBI, 17th October, 2003 Price Sh. tlùi? L. - .. L.. - - ---Z7-J.L CONTENTS GAZETTE NOTICES GAZE-I'TEI INl()TICES- (CtJ?l/J.) PAGE The College of Arms Act Appointment . .. .. .. .. .. 2288 The Local Government Act- Appointment of Dcputy The Magistrates' Ceurts Act lncrease of Limit o'f Returning Officers, etc .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 2335-23.$($ J tl ri s (li cti () n .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .- . .. 2288 The Physieal Planning Act- completion of Paft Devc- The Exchequer and Audit . Act Appointmcnt of Iopment'Plalzs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. Chairman of tlw Ministerial Tender Committee. .. ,.. 2288 The Bankruptcy Act- lkeceiving Order .. .. '. .. .. .. ... The Constitution of Kenya Rewiew Act Homa Bay . Distlict Representative By-Election, etc. .. .. .. .. .. 2288-2289 The Companies Act Windillg-ttp. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .,. The lieyistration of Titles Act Issuc of Provisional (:2 trlh:l ti () tttt:s , trtkz . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. The Registered Land Act Issue of New Land Title lzàtl t, (1 s, () (l .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Probato and Administration .. .. -. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SUPPLEM ENT No. 82 The Central Bank of Kenya- Directors' Report for the Year Ended 30th June, 2003, etc. .. .. .. .. .. .. Legislative Kî'l,f'/?/?3tz.???c??/ Lrs'CJA!- NOTICE NO. ' The National Assembly and Presidentiai Elections Act-l- Nofnination Centres, etc .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 62 Tlle Laws of Kenya (Rcctificatitln) Ordcr, 2003. CORRIGENDUM GAZFCfTE NO-rICE NO. 7287 IN Gazette Notice No. 7279 of 2003, alî'lend the expressions THE MAGISTRATES' COURTS ACT 'formally and absolutely rcnounced and abandoned the use of her ca)) ( . -
Adp 2016/2017 Download
REPUBLIC OF KENYA BARINGO COUNTY GOVERNMENT ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016/17 County Treasury and Economic Planning AUGUST 2015 Annual Development Plan-2016-2017 i FOREWORD The 2016/2017 Baringo County Annual Development Plan (ADP) is formulated in the model of the current Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF). The Plan is prepared in line with the requirements of Section 126 of the Public Finance Management Act 2012, and in accordance with Article 220(2) of the Constitution. The Annual Plan contains the strategic priority development programmes and projects that will be implemented during the financial year 2016/2017. The Budget preparation process in the Medium Term, adopted the Programme Based Budgeting approach, where the sector working groups in the county formulated their respective sectors’ budget proposals, policies and programmes with clear outputs, outcomes as well as performance indicators which are related to the achievement of the programme objectives. This annual plan is therefore framed against a broad fiscal policy and reform measures underpinning the budget for the 2016/17 Financial Year, which outlines expenditure per priority programmes as well as allocation of resources to all sectors of the County economy. Significant proportion of the County’s budget shall be financed through National Government funding while it is expected that the County Government and development partners shall bridge the gaps. The preparation of the annual plan made reference to key County and National Government Policy documents particularly the Baringo County Integrated Development Plan (2013– 2017), the Second Medium Term Plan (2013 – 2017) and Vision 2030, the approved County Programme Based and Budget (PBB) 2015/2016. -
SUB-HUBS the Nairobi Hub Geographic Breakdown Is to Enable
SUB-HUBS The Nairobi Hub geographic breakdown is to enable and promote appropriate information sharing and greater participation of stakeholders at the local level both during the Nairobi Hub Contingency planning stage, and during any required humanitarian response during the pre and post-election periods. At the Sub-hub level please communicate with the DC’s office and with the other key partners on the ground as indicated in the table below: OCPD Police Nairobi District Ministry of Grievances, Due District Hotspot Sub-Hub Focal Point KRCS Nairobi Branch Contact District Commissioner Health Diligence, Early Warning AMREF OCPD kilimani (for Joseph Odep Evans Gacheru Kibera): Langata DC: Dr.Sahra Mohamed [email protected] Branch Coordinator Bernard Muli: Mr John Elungata Langata Kibera 0726 406212 Langata 0722400535 0715200199 0720526066 Railway Line Karen-Langata [email protected] Lydia Kuria 0720367759 OCPD Langata: [email protected] [email protected] Titus Yoma: 0722918480 0722227890 Informal Settlements: - Mukuru kwa Reuben Daniel Mutinda - Mukuru Kwa Njenga Project Officer Urban Risk Reduction - Soweto Nairobi Branch AP Commander - Kwa Ario near Mr Ruben Bett Tassia (river bank) 0736440659 / 0725599105 Embakasi DC: Dr. Atieno Adede Oxfam 0722624565 [email protected] Mr Peter K. Mbugi Embakasi Elizabeth Gikonyo Embakasi 0713469104 0721406504 [email protected] Around the polling [email protected] [email protected] OCPD stations 0722478755 Winnie Kananu Mr.Adchui Other areas: Nairobi Branch 0723845889 Kayole, Tassia, Umoja 0714586439 2, 3 Spillover effect to [email protected] Innercore and Komarock 1 OCPD Police Nairobi District Ministry of Grievances, Due District Hotspot Sub-Hub Focal Point KRCS Nairobi Branch Contact District Commissioner Health Diligence, Early Warning Daniel Mutinda Project Officer Urban Risk Reduction Nairobi Branch 0736440659/ 0725599105 Dr. -
Slum Toponymy in Nairobi, Kenya a Case Study Analysis of Kibera
Urban and Regional Planning Review Vol. 4, 2017 | 21 Slum toponymy in Nairobi, Kenya A case study analysis of Kibera, Mathare and Mukuru Melissa Wangui WANJIRU*, Kosuke MATSUBARA** Abstract Urban informality is a reality in cities of the Global South, including Sub-Saharan Africa, which has over half the urban population living in informal settlements (slums). Taking the case of three informal settlements in Nairobi (Kibera, Mathare and Mukuru) this study aimed to show how names play an important role as urban landscape symbols. The study analyses names of sub-settlements (villages) within the slums, their meanings and the socio-political processes behind them based on critical toponymic analysis. Data was collected from archival sources, focus group discussion and interviews, newspaper articles and online geographical sources. A qualitative analysis was applied on the village names and the results presented through tabulations, excerpts and maps. Categorisation of village names was done based on the themes derived from the data. The results revealed that village names represent the issues that slum residents go through including: social injustices of evictions and demolitions, poverty, poor environmental conditions, ethnic groupings among others. Each of the three cases investigated revealed a unique toponymic theme. Kibera’s names reflected a resilient Nubian heritage as well as a diverse ethnic composition. Mathare settlements reflected political struggles with a dominance of political pioneers in the village toponymy. Mukuru on the other hand, being the newest settlement, reflected a more global toponymy-with five large villages in the settlement having foreign names. Ultimately, the study revealed that ethnic heritage and politics, socio-economic inequalities and land injustices as well as globalization are the main factors that influence the toponymy of slums in Nairobi.