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DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI-25 DIPLOMA EXAMINATIONS-OCT-2019 DEPT : COMPUTER ENGINEERING SUBJECT : MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS QCODE/SUB CODE : 984/ 35281 PART A 1.What are the basics objects of multimedia? Text Image Audio holograms full motion video. 2. What is OpenGL? Open graphics library is the computer industry’s standard application program interface for defining 2 D and 3D graphic images. Using open GL an application can create the same effects in any OS using any OpenGL adhering graphics adapter. 3.What is color matching? Color matching is a process whereby the color value of each pixel is changed to the closest matching color value in the target palette, using a mathematical algorithm. 4.What is long and non long compression? 5.What is the use of TWAIN? List the layers of TWAIN architecture. It allows applications to interface scanners, digital still cameras, video cameras. 1. Application layer 2. Protocol layer 1 3. Acquisition layer 4. Device layer 6.What is the function of DSP? Digital Signal Processor (DSP) controls the contrast and other details of the image and compress it. 7.What is fair use? products have partial copy rights and they are known as Fair use. It allows the user to access the initial portions of the product and not allowing the user to access fully. 8. What is AOD and VOD? AOD – Always On Display VOD- Video On Demand PART B 9. Define virtual reality. Virtual reality is created by combining a number of components including sound and graphics into sound and visual effects Other inputs can include the sensation of heat surface texture,pain and changes in pressure. 10.What is Object based animation? Object animation is a form of stop motion animation that involves the animated movements of any non-drawn objects such as toys, blocks, dolls, etc. which are not fully malleable, such as clay or wax, and not designed to look like a recognizable human or animal character. 11.Compare MIDI with digital audio. MIDI Versus Digital Audio MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is communication standard developed in early 1980s for electronic musical instruments and computers. It allows music and sound synthesizers from different manufactures to communicate with each other by sending messages along cables connected to the devices. MIDI provides a protocol for passing detailed descriptions of musical scores, such as the notes, sequences of notes, and what the instrument will play these notes. MIDI data are not digitized sounds; they are shorthand representations of music stored in numeric form. A sequencer software and sound synthesizer is required in order to create MIDI scores. Working with MIDI requires knowledge of music theory. MIDI is analogous to structure or vector graphics, while digitized audio is analogous to bit mapped images. MIDI is device dependent while digitized audio is device independent. 2 12.Write the advantages of social media sharing. Social media platforms such as YouTube, Wikipedia, Yelp, WhatsApp, and Twitter enable users to interact with each other through the generation and sharing of content. One can create and share content, as well as participate in online discussions 13.Give example for multimedia input hardware and output hardware. input hardware Key board, Mouse, E-pen output hardware speakers, amplifiers, projectors, and motion video devices 14.Write short notes on OCR software. OCR Software With optical character recognition software, a flat-bed scanner, and your computer, you can save many hours of rekeying printed words, and get the job done faster than a roomful of typists. OCR software turns bitmapped characters into electrically recognized ASCII text. A scanner typically used to create a bitmap. Then the software breaks the bitmap into chunks according to whether it contains text or graphics. 15.What are image maps? The intention of an image map is to provide an easy way of linking various parts of an image without dividing the image into separate image files. Types: Server side image map Client side image map 16. Compare WAN and MAN. WAN MAN Wide Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Covers large geographical area Confined city or a town Low Bandwidth for data transfer Moderate Bandwidth 3 PART C 17. (a) (i)Explain multimedia workstation architecture. 5marks(Description 3 marks, diagram 2 marks) Multimedia Workstation Architecture Applications: The multimedia are applied in the areas of business ,education and entertainment. To run these applications application programming interface(API) are required to isolate the application from the hardware. The application is designed to operate with any hardware or operating environment that supports the API.. Graphical user interface: The add on devices and peripherals include scanners , video cameras , VCRs and sound equipment along with their associated device controllers and encoding hardware( such as DVI-JPEG or MPEG enabled boards.)For each of these special devices a software device driver is needed to provide the interface from an application to the device. The graphical user interface designed primarily for windows Multimedia extensions: mmx is a Pentium microprocessor from INTEL that is designed to run faster when playing multimedia applications. It is 60% faster than one with a microprocessor having the same clock speed without mmx. They are managed by applications at fixed resolutions require control extensions to support applications such as full motion video or remote desktop. Multimedia encompassed a large variety of technologies and integration of multiple architectures interacting in real time, all of these multimedia capabilities must integrate with the standard user interfaces such as Microsoft windows. 4 (ii) Explain in detail the structure of a VRML file. 5marks (Description 3 marks, structure with example 2 marks) VRML – Virtual Reality Modeling Language Purpose: The Virtual Reality Modeling Language is a file format for describing interactive 3D objects and worlds. VRML is designed to be used on the Internet, intranets, and local client systems. VRML is also intended to be a universal interchange format for integrated 3D graphics and multimedia. Use: VRML may be used in a variety of application areas such as engineering and scientific visualization, multimedia presentations, entertainment and educational titles, web pages, and shared virtual worlds. A VRML file is essentially a collection of Objects called Nodes which can be something physically: Sphere, Cylinder, etc. or non−physically: Viewpoints, Hyperlinks,Transformations, Sound, etc. Each Node contains Fields which hold the data of the node Some nodes are container nodes or grouping nodes, which contain other nodes Nodes are arranged in hierarchical structures called scene graphs. Scene graphs are more than just a collection of nodes; the scene graph defines an ordering for the nodes. The scene graph has a notion of state, i.e. nodes earlier in the world can affect nodes that appear later in the world. #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } } geometry Cylinder { radius 3 height 6 } } 5 (OR) (b)(i) Write about open source replacement. 5marks Open Source Replacements: As the multimedia tools are costlier they are replaced by open source software. Open source software are denoting software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified. The following are the open source tools available for multimedia operations. 3D graphics and Animation: Art of illusion replaces Autodesk MAYA Blender replaces Autodesk MAYA Audio Players: Songbird replaces iTunes CoolPlayer replaces windows media Player Zinf replaces Windows Media Player Audio Recorders and Editors Audacity replaces SonarX1,Sony ACID,Adobe Audition Frinika replaces SonarX1,Sony ACID Multimedia Players VLC Media Player replacesWindows Media Player MPlayer replaces Windows Media Player XBMC Media Center replaces Windows Media Player MediaPortal replaces Windows Media Player Video Editing: . Cinelerra replaces Adobe Premiere . OpenShot Video Editor replaces Adobe premiereProCS5 . Avidemux replaces Adobe Premiere . Kdenlive replaces Adobe Premiere ProCS5 o CineFX replaces AdobePremiereProCS5 6 Video file conversion DVDx replaces Movavi video converter,Zamzar DVD Flick replaces Movavi video converter,Zamzar Video Player: Miro replaces Windows Media Player. (ii) Explain in detail about hypermedia documents. 5marks Hypermedia documents Hypermedia documents are documents which have text, embedded or linked multimedia objects such as image, audio ,hologram or full motion video. Hyper text: hypertext systems allow authors to link information together create information paths through a large volume of related text in documents. It also allows to annotate existing text and append notes. It allows fast and easy searching and reading of selected experts. Hypermedia: It is an extension of hypertext which include texts, any kind of information that can be stored in electronic storage such as audio, animated video, graphics and full motion video. Hypermedia documents used for electronic mail and work flow applications provide a rich functionality for exchanging a variety of information types. The hypermedia document is a definition of a document and a set of pointers to help locate the various elements of the document on the network. Hyper speech: Multimedia simulated the development of general purpose speech interfaces. Speech synthesis and speech recognition are fundamental requirement