ARTS in the ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES 06 .A
HARD ROCK MUSIC IN THE UK Simona Boušková
• Rock sub-genre that began in the 1960s • Typical features: aggressive vocals, electric guitars, bass guitar, drums and sometimes keyboard • Instruments: Guitar – riffs or solo lead Drums – rhythms Bass guitar – backing for the rhythm or riffs Vocals –often growling or raspy Band Queen • British hard rock music in the past: 60s – Modifying rock and roll (Rolling Stones) 70s – Expansion (Led Zeppelin, Queen, Deep Purple) 80s – Getting to the radios (Def Leppard) 90s – Commercial music and grunge (Bush)
Where does Hard rock have roots?
Resources: 1) Record Reviews, StreamingSongs, Genres&Bands [online]. c2017 [cit.2017-11-23].
COMICS Filip Chod ěra
• An artistic medium combining words and pictures • Comic book – either one story or a series of shorter gags • Distinguishing mark – typically speech balloons • First comics emerged with the advent of the newspaper (19th century) • 1930s – Comics were popularized among Europeans – The Adventures of Tintin
• Comics in the USA Comics book cover o Boom after WW2 o Lowbrow reputation – seen as mass media o Stan Lee comic-book writer, editor and film executive producer born in 1922 superhero comics - eg. Spiderman , Ironman , Hulk "Golden Age of Comic Books" o Preferred topic of various films • Graphic novel – commonly a book-length comic story
When did the first superhero comics appear and what was its name?
Resources: 1) What's a comic? - Applied Comics Etc. [on-line]. c2016 [cit. 2017-11-23].
Drawing • it has been common to draw naked people • at art schools the best way how to learn drawing is the drawing of live naked people Painting • oil paint historically has been the ideal medium for depicting the nude • by blending and layering paint the surface can become more like skin • John Singer Sargent, George Wesley Bellows Sculpture • figures usually of the naked fiale were found as early as 7,000 BC • in sculpture we can find full , nearly unbroken history of the nude from the Stone Age to the present Photography • the nude has been a subject of photography almost since its invention • Ane Brigman: She is known for photos of naked women on the trees • Imogen Cunningham: She was taking photos of Frieda Khale and nudes of Photography: Imogen children Cunningham
In which century was photopraphy invented?
Resources : 1) [NSFW] A brief history of Nudes – Google Arts a Culture. [online]. [cit. 12.11.2017]. Dostupné z:
MOVIES: HORROR GENRE Adam Pastorek
General information • designed to frighten, cause dread and panic • usually having a terrifying and shocking ending • earliest horror films were about vampires, monsters and demons • most famous horrors from history: Frankenstein, Nosferatu the Vampyre, The Phantom of the Opera • many sub-genres: found footage, natural, supernatural, slasher film, etc.
th Friday the 13 Jason with his mother • one of the most iconic franchises • sub-genre: slasher film • first film in 1980 created by Victor Miller • 12 films in total; 9 films in the original series • last film produced in 2009 by famous Michael Bay
How is Ms. Voorhees (Jason’s mother) named?
Resources: 1) Horror Films | Filmsite [on-line]. c2017 [cit. 2017-11-25].
- directed by Elias Merhige: - American film director and screenwriter born in 1964 - other films include: Shadow of the Vampire, Suspect Zero Begotten - inspired by the David Lynch era (1977-1995) – a surrealistic American - drama film director - influenced by French avant-garde - experimental horror film about a Slavic pagan form of Genesis - shot on a 16mm black and white film gauge - shooting locations around New Jersey - the whole film took 6 years to create – development began 1984 - Merhige took on nearly all film crew jobs except acting and composing - originally a theatre play – too expensive, film was cheaper - Merhige experimented with the film reel to give it a withered look - Begotten's story overview: Begotten’s front cover - God dies, a pregnant Mother Earth emerges from him - the Son of Earth is born and left by himself - a group of nomads capture the Son of Earth and burn him - Mother Earth confronts the nomads but is overpowered - both Mother and Son are buried, from this grave flowers grow - the film is considered to be disturbing and brilliant at the same time - usually a confusing impact on the viewer - considered a very original artwork – important in the field of horror and experimental film - running time (72 minutes) often criticised as too long - a second installment released in 2006 – Din of Celestial Birds
The burial of Mother and Son Edmund Elias Merhige, the creator
How long did the actual editing take?
What is in the film's final scene?
Vocabulary : film gauge/reel – formát filmové pásky/kotou č filmové pásky withered – poni čený din – rámus nomad – ko čovník celestial – nebeský
Resources : 1) MASLIN, J. The New York Times – Breaking New Ground And Finding the Grotesque [on-line]. c2017 [cit. 2017-11-25].
The art movement • Emerged in USA and Britain after World War II • Better economy created mass culture • Suggests a critique of mass marketing practices • Takes imagery used in advertising • Considered a predecessor of postmodern art
Andy Warhol • American artist, parents were Slovakian • Known for painting, photography, and silk screening • Most famous work: Marilyn Diptych • Called the “Godfather of Pop art”
What were the key differences in the movement between the USA and Britain? Marilyn Monroe by Andy Warhol
What is Warhol’s second best known piece of art?
Resources : 1) Pop art in the US (article) | Khan Academy [online]. c2017 [cit. 2017-11-27].
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE THEATRE Emma Hosp ůdková, Julie Peka řová
• Theatre of England between 1562 and 1642 • 3 subcategories: Elizabethan theatre, Jacobean theatre and Caroline theatre • Influenced by medieval theatre traditions, Italian Commedia dell’arte and Greek tragedy Theatre companies: o servants performing at court for aristocrats – poor salary → travelling around the country with their performances → formation of professional companies sponsored by noblemen o The Lord Chamberlain’s Men, The Lord Admiral’s Men First theatres: o The City of London – at first against theatre → theatres built in suburbs o 1576 – The Theatre – established by James Burbage, in Shoreditch, followed by others – The Curtain Theatre, The Swan, The Rose, The Globe ... o 3 stories high, open space at the centre, roofless or partially roofed Famous playwrights: o Christopher Marlowe – member of University Wits – playwrights who set a standard for the drama
plays featured in The Rose The Theatre The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus o Ben Jonson – popularised the comedy of humours (ridiculing of specific traits of the characters – choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic) satirical plays – e. g. Volpone the Fox Features of English Renaissance theatre: o Almost all genres: history plays, tragedies, comedies, tragi-comedies, masques o Men playing female roles, cooperation of more authors • 17th century – the new Puritan movement – theatre considered immoral o September 2, 1642 – banning of all theatrical activities – until the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660
William Shakespeare o The most significant author of the English Renaissance theatre o The biggest English writer of his time and the most important global playwright o His works – the top of this period o An indisputable author of 38 plays of different genres, 154 sonnets and several poems o Theatrical career: Began in 1593 or 1594 – most theatres in London closed because of plague → Shakespeare wrote poetry Became a member of The Lord Chamberlain’s Men At first – performances in The Theatre – their licence expired His actors demolished the building – beams used to build a new theatre → The Globe, 1599 William Shakespeare 1613 – burnt to the ground (fire caused by a cannon used during a performance) The rebuilt form until 1644 → torn down o Works: Most of his work created between 1589 and 1613 Comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night History plays: King John, Henry IV, V, VI, and Richard II, III Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antonius and Cleopatra, Coriolanus Fairy-tale plays: The Winter’s Tale, The Tempest, Cymbeline Poems: Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece What was the capacity of theatres in London around 1580 and when did it increase?
Did Shakespeare influence psychology? If so, in which concrete field and by what?
Resources: 1) New World Encyclopedia contributors. English Renaissance Theatre – New World Encyclopedia [online ]. c2017 [cit. 2017- 11-11 ].
General introduction • Music genre in the US • First appearance – New Orleans, 1900s • Origins – blues, ragtime (Scott Joplin) • 1920s – Jazz Age • Towards the end of the 20s – expansion into different cultures • 30s and 40s – jazz boom Big band Improvisations • Main trend & element in all jazz subgenres • Solos of one player (or more) • Counter melodies, ‘by ear’ improvisations, original improvisations • Ragtime – simple improvisations in a few bars • Bebop – complicated improvisations often spanning over 5 minutes
Subgenres • Large number of subgenres that developed over time • New Orleans jazz – original jazz – marching bands, dancing is a very important part – Ragtime&Blues = main sources • Kansas City jazz – changed the original look of jazz – big band = jazz orchestra with ~20 players – instruments = saxophone, trumpet, tuba, clarinet, – piano, double bass, drums – main theme = dancing to the music Benny Goodman – pivotal founder of jazz as we know it today Benny Goodman – clarinetist; band leader known as the King of Swing – introduced jazz to the average Americans – the Benny Goodman orchestra = big band composed of white and black Americans => anti-racism – many jazzmen that we know today only got famous because of him – Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong – Sing Sing Sing, Tattletale, Paganini Caprice XXIV, One O‘Clock Jump
• Bebop – one of the most popular subgenres of jazz – radical changes to pacing, improvisations and rules – players have more freedom in improvisations – complex chord progressions, rapid key changes – melody isn‘t very important – created by the next generation of jazzmen – impossible to dance to – small combo of max. 6 players – trumpet, – saxophone, piano, double bass, drums – Charlie Parker, Sonny Rollins, Clifford Brown, Bud Jazz modes –Powell, Thelonious Monk, Art Blakey • Cool jazz – simpler, calmer and more relaxing than bebop • Free jazz – 50s; most radical subgenre based on complete freedom of the player (including pacing, tempo etc.) • Hard bop – influenced by blues and gospel; different styles of playing the piano and saxophone • Modal jazz – improvisations based on modes – very simple for beginners • Jazz rock/fusion – late 60s; mix of jazz structure with rock style and amplified musical instruments • Smooth jazz – loathed by original jazzmen; heavily commercialized for people of the 80s – Kenny G • Latin jazz – 2000s; combination of jazz with Latin-American themes
What is the name of the concert hall where Benny Goodman changed jazz forever?
How do jazzmen describe smooth jazz?
Resources: 1) BBC – GCSE Bitesize: Jazz Origins [online]. c2014 [cit. 2017-11-24].
MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN EUROPE AND THE USA Václav Brdek
Includes all architectonic styles of the 20 th and 21 th century • Highly influenced by world wars • Usage of steel, glass, reinforced concrete and artificial materials, such as plastic • Represents the technological advances, many times ideologically influenced and inspired
Modernism 1900 – 1939 • Begins as an opposition to neoclassical styles • Important figures and architects: Victor Horta, Hector Guimard, Hermann Muthesius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Frank Lloyd Wright Stocler Palace by Josef Hoffmann (1906), • Typical are mosaics, ceramic tiles, reinforced concrete, thanks to Brussels new materials and building techniques, new architectonic designs appear, for example overhangs and large halls without any supporting pillars • Birth of skyscrapers • Uses mostly cubic and block shapes • Includes both expressionist and constructivist architecture
Art Deco 1918-1939 • Same materials as modernism • Unlike modernism uses heavy decoration and wild combinations of colours • Popular in US, especially in skyscrapers, cinemas and department stores • Important figures and architects: Auguste Perret, Henri Sauvage and William Van Alen La samaritaine by Henri Sauvage (1925- World War II and architecture of dictators 1937-1950 1928), Paris • Paris international exposition (1937) marks end of art deco • Important figures and architects: Giuseppe Terragni, Pablo Picasso and Albert Speer
Postwar Modernism 1945-1980 • Booming in the USA thanks to German architects • Redefined modernism, uses same materials and methods, with further implementation of artificial materials, less focused on concrete, higher colour variety • Important figures and architects: Frank Lloyd Wright, Mies van der Rohe, Eero Saarinen, Ieoh Ming Pei and Denys Lasdun
Postmodernism, high-tech and structuralism 1965-2010 • Less attached to function, more expressionism • In some cases return to old materials and neoclassicism, Solomon Guggenheim Museum by Frank historically inspired architecture Lloyd Wright (1946 -1959), New York City • Higher usage of glass and steel, architects are motivated by pushing the limits of building technology
What is the so called “Curtain wall”?
Resources: 1) modern architecture facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about modern architecture [on-line]. c2017 [cit. 2017-11-29].
THE BEATLES Adéla Řezá čová
1960s music • time of cultural and political revolution • music – major turn • psychedelic drugs → wide variety of new genres • other popular bands – Pink Floyd, The Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, (Janis Joplin - singer) • famous festival Woodstock without the Beatles
The Beatles • English rock band that was formed in 1960 in Liverpool • 4 members: John Lennon, George Harrison, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney • Brian Epstein, a record store manager, discovered them and forged • them into a professional band • their first hit was called ‘Love Me Do’, with this hit they gained Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, popularity in the UK George Harrison, John Lennon • 1964 – international stars • from 1965 they started making their biggest hits and albums → some examples: Revolver, Rubber Soul, Abbey Road • the group split up in 1970 • in 1980 John Lennon was shot and killed, 2001 – George Harrison • died of lung cancer • Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr continue to have busy solo careers
British invasion The Beatles • a musical movement of the mid-1960s composed of British • rock-and-roll groups whose popularity spread rapidly to the United States • especially the Beatles and the Rolling Stones → they were bands that wrote and performed their own music • The Beatles used their lyrics to express their political, social, and spiritual beliefs • it changed the way people dressed, the way people looked and the way people felt about one another
Who was the drummer before Ringo Starr?
What‘s the nickname of The Beatles?
Resources: 1) UNTERBERGER, R. The Beatles / Biography and history / AllMusic [on-line]. c2017 [cit. 2017-11-29].