DOCSLIB.ORG

THE OIL INDUSTRY and MISSED OPPORTUNITIES in IRAQ Dr Abdul Jaleel Oda Hussain Associate Professor of Economics ABSTRACT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE OIL INDUSTRY and MISSED OPPORTUNITIES in IRAQ Dr Abdul Jaleel Oda Hussain Associate Professor of Economics ABSTRACT European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research Vol.2, No.6, pp.1-16, August 2014 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journals.org) THE OIL INDUSTRY AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES IN IRAQ Dr Abdul Jaleel Oda Hussain Associate Professor of Economics ABSTRACT: The depth and breadth of the analysis of the oil industry in Iraq can make the subject seem daunting to any scholar or individual with substantial interest in the subject. The aim of this research is not to explore the technical elements of oil and gas or even the oil industry in its entirety. This research will focus on delivering the analysis of the oil industry from a macroeconomic perspective; this approach will enable the research to address national economic issues, which will illustrate the macrocosmic effects of the practices of the oil industry in Iraq without needing to delve into microcosmic details, and the following matters will be discussed: 1 - A brief look into oil and gas Industry highlighting its present. 2 - Discussing the views that claim that the wealth of oil and gas have not been used for the purpose of economic and social development. 3 - Predicting the future of oil and gas industry in Iraq and speculate on what could be lying ahead. 4 – Suggesting appropriate policies in the field of oil and gas, in light of contemporary Iraqi economic and political transformations. KEYWORDS: Oil and gas industry, missed opportunities, Iraqi economic policies. INTRODUCTION Energy has become the cornerstone when considering the development of human societies. For example, the era of wood which characterised the middle Ages ended to be replaced by the era of coal, which seemed to shift in the late nineteenth century to the oil era in the twentieth century. Because the reservoirs of oil, gas and coal were distributed unevenly in the world, the countries that have large reserves under their soils were able to develop faster than others and to be super- states. The US has become an industrial state in the early twentieth century, as a result of possessing vast reserves of oil and gas, which has become a mainstay of its launch and then industrial development. As well as in the start of the industrial revolution in Britain the secret behind its emerging was the possession of the great reserves of coal. Apparently we are going to witness a new era in which the wealth of the capitalist Western countries and the other rich industrial countries such as Japan and the later developed China, India and Southeast Asian, to be transferred to those rich in mineral resources countries, up to the duration of a given country’s lasting stocks vital for the continuation of the world’s economic survival. Since 2010 the amount of assets that turned out to the oil-producing countries, from the 1 European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research Vol.2, No.6, pp.1-16, August 2014 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journals.org) United States alone each year reached more than 160 billion dollars. After the United States entered its peak oil in 1972, and became dependent on the imported oil in more than half of their oil consumption, which imported 60% in 2010. By 1993, China began, and for the first time to import energy resources from abroad. In 2001, China produced 3.3 million barrels per day, while the total consumption rose to 5 million barrels per day. While local oil production rates reached to the limits of the peak in 2000, at the same time demand for oil in China increased and is expected to continue at a rate of increase to more than 4% annually and it is estimated that the total oil consumption in China will exceed 12 million barrels per day while domestic production will not exceed 3.4 barrels per day. China now, as the fastest-growing economy in the world, will exceed the total consumption of oil in the year 2025 the consumption of Western Europe combined. And so will exceed the annual consumption of oil of the United States, which is now the largest consumer and importer in the world. But for fairness should be noted that China cannot be considered energy-consuming nation as it is in America or Europe, because most of the energy used in China are re-exported in the form of ready goods to the world. And once you look at the per capita energy consumption in China clarified the huge difference between them and other industrial Nations of the world. (Hutton 2007). Accelerated economic development in India in recent decades, led India to enter the field of energy import just like China and the countries of Southeast Asia, in spite of all this, the consumption of oil rose from one million barrels per day in 1999, to 3.2 by 2010, to became also one of the most important factors pushing for increased rates of global demand for oil. The total global crude oil consumption increased from 59.9 Mb/d in 1980 to 87.3 by 2011. (Stern 2004). The Iraqi petroleum policies should comprehend all these energy facts and trends, to target national and international benefits from restructuring its industry. LITERATURE REVIEW: - Zainy Muhammad, 2003, Iraqi economy, past, present, and future options, Al-Rafid Ltd, London; Dr Zainy devoted Chapter four of this important book to discus Iraqi petroleum industry and economic development efforts, detailing the five year plans for the most critical periods of the country, comparing the economic development through the plans, criticizing the low realization in one hand and the strategic failure of the economic policies on the other, Concluding that the wastage of the scarce resources on the wars efforts, was a disastrous fact in our economic history. - Gavel Doug, 2011, Iraqi oil & Global markets, Harvard Kennedy school, USA. The paper oriented on prediction of the huge political risks that are going to face the country of Iraq from the consequences of the radical political changes that occurred after the regime change in 2003. The new political scene would promote new dangers from the social fragmentation as the different social fractions battling for better share of the petrol wealth. 2 European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research Vol.2, No.6, pp.1-16, August 2014 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journals.org) - Jaffe Amy Myers, 2007, Case study on Iraqi oil industry, James A Baker institute, USA. Discussed the impact of dissolution of the Iraqi national oil company, suggesting vital point’s for the Iraqi oil industry, highlighting the need for restructuring the Iraqi oil industry, suggesting the leading role of the National Iraqi oil company by recreating it on new principles. - kumas Gizem, 2012, The oil curse and Iraq, Academia.Edu, USA; This research debating the interesting phenomena of coexisting the abundance of the natural resource like the Iraqi petrol and the poverty and lack of growth. There are solutions proposed to overcome the oil curse and there are positive outcomes of these solutions and also evident examples such as Norway. Among these solutions, how Iraq, which is one of the countries experiencing poverty as well as civil conflict, can utilize these solutions. The research objectives: This research aims to prove that the wealth of Iraqi oil and gas had been wasted and misused as a vital tool for economic and social developments. These conclusions are supported with appropriate data and comparisons, which form the rational scientific foundations to suggest the appropriate restructuring in Iraqi oil policies. Research Hypothesis: This research offers a pragmatic approach when assessing the wealth of the oil and gas industry. This hypothesis considers explicitly the faults of how the oil and gas industry has been managed in Iraq up until this point, and a sharp consideration of how the gas and oil industry has not been sufficiently manoeuvred to propel economic development and growth; there will also be a focus on identifying patterns of weak economic planning and analyzing the lack of strategy. The critical element of this research is the exploration of how the oil and gas industry in Iraq can be reworked to ensure economic prosperity which would position Iraq on a strong economic platform; this will be achieved by comparing the Iraqi economy to other countries whose economies are similar. The figures provided in this research have been calculated and sourced to address contemporary readings. THE FUTURE OF PETROLEUM WEALTH Post-petroleum era Some decades ago geologists and oil experts start talking about the possibility of oil depletion, which became a reality and non-negotiable, but the debate was and still focused on when this important source of energy will run out, and how will the conditions of the global economy during and after the depletion phase will be. There is a well-known comment from the former Saudi oil minister and expert on oil, Mr. Ahmed Zaki Yamani in which he says “the Stone Age ended not because there are no more stones in existence, as well as the end of the oil age it won’t happen because of the end of the oil existence” this Yamani’s smart signal was probably influenced directly by the calls, writings and researches 3 European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research Vol.2, No.6, pp.1-16, August 2014 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journals.org) that has been active in the eighties of the last century toward the search for new sources of energy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy
    Order Code RL34064 Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy Updated July 2, 2008 Christopher M. Blanchard Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy Summary Iraqi leaders continue to debate a package of hydrocarbon sector and revenue sharing legislation that would define the terms for the future management and development of the country’s significant oil and natural gas resources. The package includes an oil and gas sector framework law and three supporting laws that would outline revenue sharing, restructure Iraq’s Ministry of Oil, and create an Iraqi National Oil Company. Both the Bush Administration and Congress consider the passage of oil and gas sector framework and revenue sharing legislation as important benchmarks that would indicate the current Iraqi government’s commitment to promoting political reconciliation and long term economic development in Iraq. Section 1314 of the FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations Act [P.L.110-28] specifically identified the enactment and implementation of legislation “to ensure the equitable distribution of hydrocarbon resources of the people of Iraq without regard to the sect or ethnicity of recipients” and “to ensure that the energy resources of Iraq benefit Sunni Arabs, Shia Arabs, Kurds, and other Iraqi citizens in an equitable manner” as benchmarks. The Administration reported to Congress on these benchmarks in July and September 2007. A draft framework law approved by Iraq’s Council of Ministers (cabinet) in July 2007 did not include revenue sharing arrangements. Iraq’s Council of Representatives (parliament) has not taken action to consider the legislation to date because of ongoing political disputes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Militia in Counterinsurgency
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Political Science Theses Department of Political Science Spring 5-11-2012 The Other Side of the Coin: The Role of Militia in Counterinsurgency Andrew T. Nidiffer Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/political_science_theses Recommended Citation Nidiffer, Andrew T., "The Other Side of the Coin: The Role of Militia in Counterinsurgency." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2012. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/43 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Political Science at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN: THE ROLE OF MILITIA IN COUNTERINSRUGENCY by ANDREW T. NIDIFFER Under the Direction of John Duffield ABSTRACT Can the success of the Sunni Awakening in Iraq be applied to other counter-insurgency conflicts, or is it an exemplary case? Using case studies including Iraq and Afghanistan, it will be examined whether or not militias can be can be used to fight counterinsurgency campaigns in Afghanistan and generally to other conflicts. It may not work in Afghanistan, and certainly presents a Catch-22 situation, but it may be applicable in certain situations in other conflicts under certain conditions. INDEX WORDS: Iraq, Afghanistan, Counterinsurgency, Militias, Internal conflict THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN: THE ROLE OF MILITIA IN COUNTERINSRUGENCY by ANDREW T. NIDIFFER A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University 2012 Copyright by Andrew Nidiffer 2012 THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN: THE ROLE OF MILITIA IN COUNTERINSRUGENCY by ANDREW T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Context for Iraq's Reconstruction
    The ReconstructionThe of Iraq after 2003 eginning in 2003, diverse and significant actors, both domestic and international, engaged MENA DEVELOPMENT REPORT Bin reconstruction activities in Iraq. The total budget committed to Iraq’s reconstruction was unprecedented among postconflict operations mobilized by the international community. Despite the vast sums of money spent, and the implementation of its many projects and programs, the donors and the Iraqi people view the reconstruction efforts in Iraq in a negative light. The Reconstruction of Iraq after 2003: Learning from Its Successes and Failures focuses on the period between 2003 and 2014—that is, after the United States–led invasion and overthrow of the Saddam Public Disclosure Authorized The Reconstruction Hussein regime, and before the sudden rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as Daesh. This book assesses several dimensions of Iraq’s reconstruction. First, it considers the response of key international actors, such as the United Nations, the World Bank, the United States, of Iraq after 2003 and other bilateral donors—specifically, the European Union, Japan, and the United Kingdom—as well as nongovernmental organizations. Second, it analyzes the process and results of the reconstruction Learning from Its of key sectors (electricity, oil, education, and health), and the interventions geared to institution building and governance reform. Successes and Failures Pursuing effective reconstruction within the context of conflict and fra gility is a formidable challenge because of the uncertain, fluid, and complex environment. Based on the experience in Iraq, how can the international community support the effectiveness and durability of reconstruction? This book identifies lessons in seven areas and offers four recommendations for international and domestic actors and citizens engaged in recon struction activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Iraq's Sustainable Development
    Academy of Strategic Management Journal Volume 20, Special Issue 6, 2021 IMPACT OF OIL PRICE FLUCTUATIONS ON IRAQ'S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Zeyad khalaf Khaleel, Office of the Presidency of the Republic ABSTRACT This research addresses an important issue that is constantly faced by the economy of Iraq. The problem is related to the oil price fluctuations & their subsequent effect on the cash supply which eventually impacts the overall economy & sustainable development of Iraq. This is due to the fact that economy of Iraq largely depends on the crude oil, & any variation in oil prices has direct impact on the country’s economy. Hence, this is an important area of exploration for researchers and scholars as it is directly related to the economy of the country. This research presents a theoretical framework of oil prices & monetary policy for the period of 1990-2019 for more precise estimation of outcomes to accomplish research goals. This research aims to see the impact of oil price fluctuations on economic and sustainable development. The results suggest a significant impact of price fluctuations on the sustainable economic development of Iraq. Keywords: Crude Oil, Economy, Oil Price Fluctuations, Sustainable Development. INTRODUCTION Crude oil is considered as the main source of income & energy for many countries around the world including Iraq (Kamyk, 2021). National income of Iraq is heavily dependent upon the revenues generated by crude oil (Wattar, 2019). Crude oil plays a significant role in the economies of the countries that have
    [Show full text]
  • Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Western and Southwestern Deserts of Iraq
    GeoArabia, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1998 Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems, Iraq Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Western and Southwestern Deserts of Iraq Adnan A.M. Aqrawi Smedvig Technologies ABSTRACT A stratigraphic scheme for the Paleozoic of the Southwestern Desert of Iraq is proposed based upon the review of recently published data from several deep wells in the western part of the country and from outcrops in other regions in Iraq. The main formations are described in terms of facies distribution, probable age, regional thickness, and correlations with the well-reported Paleozoic successions of the adjacent countries (e.g. Jordan and Saudi Arabia), as well as with the Thrust Zone of North Iraq. The Paleozoic depositional and tectonic evolution of the Western and Southwestern Deserts of Iraq, particularly during Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian, shows marked similarity to those of eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. However, local lithological variations, which are due to Late Paleozoic Hercynian tectonics, characterize the Upper Paleozoic sequences. The Lower Silurian marine “hot” shale, 65 meters thick in the Akkas-1 well in the Western Desert, is believed to be the main Paleozoic source rock in the Western and Southwestern Deserts. Additional potential source rocks in this region could be the black shales of the Ordovician Khabour Formation, the Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Ora Shale Formation, and the lower shaly beds of the Upper Permian Chia Zairi Formation. The main target reservoirs are of Ordovician, Silurian, Carboniferous and Permian ages. Similar reservoirs have recently been reported for the Western Desert of Iraq, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdistan Iraq
    Oil magazine no. 27/2014 - Targeted mailshot T 4 N . 0 o 0 u E U w R m O h S b v b e o r e e a a 27 r r r N l r O d V E M B e E R 2014 l magazine e n EDITORIAL i z a g a m Eni quarterly Year 7 - N. 27 November 2014 Authorization from the Court of Rome After the sheikhs: The coming No. 19/2008 dated 01/21/2008 The world over a barrel n Editor in chief Gianni Di Giovanni n Editorial committee collapse of the Gulf monarchies Paul Betts, Fatih Birol, Bassam Fattouh, Guido Gentili, Gary Hart, Harold W. Kroto, he entire Middle East region and East situation extremely well, puts Alessandro Lanza, Lifan Li, e nyone who has anything to cially the United States, the United Kingdom and the n i z a g a Molly Moore, Edward Morse, m also North Africa appear to be forward the theory - difficult to NOVEMBER 2014 Moisés Naím, Daniel Nocera, do with oil must read European Union; the armed forces; the secret police; The Carlo Rossella, Giulio Sapelli world in the midst of a serious crisis. implement but not Utopian - of an Christopher M. Davidson’s and the backing of many citizens, a rich “nomen- over T n a Scientific committee barrel The epicenter, this time, is Syria and international conference, a sort 2013 book After The Sheikhs: clatura” that enjoys the economic privileges that oil Geminello Alvi, Antonio Galdo, Raffaella Leone, Marco Ravaglioli, Iraq, where a civil war is raging and of new Congress of Vienna.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential of Renewable Energy Resources with an Emphasis on Solar Power in Iraq: an Outlook
    resources Viewpoint Potential of Renewable Energy Resources with an Emphasis on Solar Power in Iraq: An Outlook Hussain H. Al-Kayiem * and Sanan T. Mohammad Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-14-300-1591 Received: 25 January 2019; Accepted: 20 February 2019; Published: 25 February 2019 Abstract: This study presents an outlook on the renewable energies in Iraq, and the potential for deploying concentrated solar power technologies to support power generation in Iraq. Solar energy has not been sufficiently utilized at present in Iraq. However, this energy source can play an important role in energy production in Iraq, as the global solar radiation ranging from 2000 kWh/m2 to a 2500 kWh/m2 annual daily average. In addition, the study presents the limited current solar energy activities in Iraq. The attempts of the Iraqi government to utilize solar energy are also presented. Two approaches for utilizing concentrated solar power have been proposed, to support existing thermal power generation, with the possibility of being implemented as standalone plants or being integrated with thermal power plants. However, the cost analysis has shown that for 50 kW concentrated solar power in Iraq, the cost is around 0.23 US cent/kWh without integration with energy storage. Additionally, notable obstacles and barriers bounding the utilization of solar energy are also discussed. Finally, this study proposes initiatives that can be adopted by the Iraqi government to support the use of renewable energy resources in general, and solar energy in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq CHOICES Acknowledgments for the 21St Century a Global Controversy: the U.S
    Copyright and Permissions This document is licensed for single-teacher use. The purchase of this curriculum unit includes permission to make copies of the Student Text and appropriate student handouts from the Teacher Resource Book for use in your own classroom. Duplication of this document for the purpose of resale or other distribution is prohibited. Permission is not granted to post this document for use online. Our eText Classroom Editions are designed to allow you to post individual readings, study guides, graphic organizers, and handouts to a learning management system or other password protected site. Visit http://www.choices.edu/resources/e-text.php for more details. The Choices Program curriculum units are protected by copyright. If you would like to use material from a Choices unit in your own work, please contact us for permission. THE CHOICES PROGRAM ■ WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, BROWN UNIVERSITY ■ WWW.CHOICES.EDU www.choices.edu THE CHOICES PROGRAM ■ WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, BROWN UNIVERSITY ■ WWW.CHOICES.EDU A Global Controversy: The U.S. Invasion of Iraq CHOICES Acknowledgments for the 21st Century A Global Controversy: The U.S. Invasion of Iraq was developed Education Program by the Choices for the 21st Century Education Program with the July 2011 assistance of the research staff of the Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies, scholars at Brown University, and other Director experts in the field. We wish to thank the following researchers for Susan Graseck their invaluable
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq After US Withdrawal: US Policy and the Iraqi Search for Security and Stability
    Iraq After US Withdrawal: US Policy and the Iraqi Search for Security and Stability Anthony H. Cordesman and Sam Khazai Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy Revised: July 3, 2012 Note: This draft is being circulated for comments and suggestions. Please provide them to [email protected] Iraq After US Withdrawal: The Search for Security and Stability 7/3/12 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY "Americans planted a tree in Iraq. They watered that tree, pruned it, and cared for it. Ask your American friends why they're leaving now before the tree bears fruit." --Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.1 Iraq is in an ongoing struggle to establish a new national identity, and one that can bridge across the deep sectarian divisions between its Shi’ites and Sunnis and the ethnic divisions between its Arabs and its Kurds and other minorities. At the same time, it must build a new structure of governance, economic, and social order after a period of dictatorship, war, sanctions, occupation and civil conflict that began in 1979 and has continued ever since. It must cope with a steadily growing population, and diversify an economy that is so dependent on petroleum exports that they provide some 95% of its government revenues. This struggle can still end in a new round of serious civil conflict and even in the division of the country. At the same time, Iraq does have great potential and its political divisions and ongoing low-level violence do not mean it cannot succeed in establishing stability, security, and a better life for its people.
    [Show full text]
  • High Octane: a Primer on the Economics of the Energy Crisis, 2000 Don P
    Harding University Scholar Works at Harding Belden Center Monographs The Belden Center for Private Enterprise Education 2000 High Octane: A Primer on the Economics of the Energy Crisis, 2000 Don P. Diffineh.D P . Harding University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.harding.edu/belden-monographs Part of the Political Economy Commons Recommended Citation Diffine, D. P. (2000). High Octane: A Primer on the Economics of the Energy Crisis, 2000. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.harding.edu/belden-monographs/68 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the The Belden Center for Private Enterprise Education at Scholar Works at Harding. It has been accepted for inclusion in Belden Center Monographs by an authorized administrator of Scholar Works at Harding. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HIGH OCTANE? A Primer on Energy Economics by D.P. Diffine, Ph.D. , Director Belden Center for Private Enterprise Education Professor of Economics HARDING UNIVERSITY Searcy, Arkansas A Commemorative Issue of The Entrepreneur a quarterly journal of the Belden Center for Private Enterprise Education All rights reserved Copyright April 2000 Requests for permission to reproduce this publication should be addressed ir. writing as follows: D. P. Diffine Harding University Box 12245 Searcy, Arkansas 72149-0001 (501) 279-44 70 Fax: (501) 279-4195 e-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ..................... 1 I. Over a Barrel in 2000 ........ 3 II. Has America Acted Fuelish? .... 5 Ill. When Peace Broke Out ....... 7 IV. Wartime Petronomics ........ 9 V. Oil In the Family ............ 13 VI.
    [Show full text]
  • 50-67 Well Logs Data Prediction of the Nahr Umr
    DOI:10.46717/igj.53.2A.4Rw-2020-08-04 53 (2A), 2020: 50-67 WELL LOGS DATA PREDICTION OF THE NAHR UMR AND MISHRIF FORMATIONS IN THE WELL NOOR-10, SOUTHERN IRAQ 1Abbas K.A. Mohammed*, 1Jawad K. Radhi and 1Sada Z. Ali 1Geology Department, Field Division, Ministry of Oil, Missan Oil Company, Misan, Iraq *E-mail: [email protected] Received: 22 March 2020; accepted: 18 May 2020 ABSTRACT Well logs data are the most widely used data to evaluate subsurface rocks, their petrophysical properties include porosity, permeability and fluid saturation. They are essential for the hydrocarbon reserves estimations and perforation zones determination for production purposes and fields development. Well logging operations of the targeted reservoirs could not be done in NO-10 Well, Noor Oilfield, Southern Iraq due to some problems related to the well condition. The gamma-ray and sonic logs were the only recorded logs, while neutron, density and deep resistivity logs are missed. The missing neutron, density and deep resistivity logs of the Early Cretaceous Nahr Umr Sandstone and the Late Cretaceous Mishrif formations of the well NO-10 were produced and compared together using the Artificial Neural Network ANN in Petrel software. The results show that the total correlation of the ANN Nahr Umr model for the neutron, density and deep resistivity logs are 0.81, 0.49 and 0.51 respectively. Interestingly, the ANN Mishrif Formation model recorded 0.88, 0.92 and 0.81 for neutron, density and resistivity logs respectively. The results show excellent relationships between the original and the predicted logs in the Mishrif model, unlike the Nahr Umr model expect in ANN of the neutron log.
    [Show full text]
  • Us Foreign Policy and Energy Resources During the George W
    US FOREIGN POLICY AND ENERGY RESOURCES DURING THE GEORGE W. BUSH ADMINISTRATION by AHMED SAMIR SAYED MAHDI A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of American and Canadian Studies School of Historical Studies University of Birmingham January 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Based on the Open Door Policy, the United States has pursued an informal empire based on spreading its economic influence by ensuring open access to vital goods and raw materials, and establishing military presence in areas of interest, as America’s corporate and strategic interests worked together in harmony. This approach has been especially evident in energy-producing regions, where the US seeks to establish economic and military dominance to support its global economic power. George W. Bush, like all his predecessors, pursued the Open Door Empire, especially with respect to access to foreign energy resources, which took on an even higher priority because of his ties to the oil industry and the belief that the US was suffering from an energy crisis and relative economic decline.
    [Show full text]