Itu Radio Regulatory Framework for Space Services
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Spectrum Management: a State of the Profession White Paper
Astro2020 APC White Paper Spectrum Management: A State of the Profession White Paper Type of Activity: ☐ Ground Based Project ☐ Space Based Project ☐ Infrastructure Activity ☐ Technological Development Activity ☒ State of the Profession Consideration ☐ Other Principal Author: Name: Liese van Zee Institution: Indiana University Email: [email protected] Phone: 812 855 0274 Co-authors: (names and institutions) David DeBoer (University of California, Radio Astronomy Lab), Darrel Emerson (Steward Observatory, University of Arizona), Tomas E. Gergely (retired), Namir Kassim (Naval Research Laboratory), Amy J. Lovell (Agnes Scott College), James M. Moran (Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian), Timothy J. Pearson (California Institute of Technology), Scott Ransom (National Radio Astronomy Observatory), and Gregory B. Taylor (University of New Mexico) Abstract (optional): This Astro2020 APC white paper addresses state of the profession considerations regarding spectrum management for the protection of radio astronomy observations. Given the increasing commercial demand for radio spectrum, and the high monetary value associated with such use, innovative approaches to spectrum management will be necessary to ensure the scientific capabilities of current and future radio telescopes. Key aspects include development of methods, in both hardware and software, to improve mitigation and excision of radio frequency interference (RFI). In addition, innovative approaches to radio regulations and coordination between observatories and commercial -
NTFA & Channel Arrangements
NTFA & Channel arrangements Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019 Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Outline • National Table of Frequency Allocations 1 • Channel Arrangements 2 SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart Draw Chart: Item to depict a section of regional or national FAT in strip format. Each segment in the frequency allocations strip denotes a frequency allocation to a radiocommunication service with its service priority . SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart(2) The mouse cursor shape on the strip is changed to a cross (+) and a left-click on a colored patch shows its characteristics, including: frequency band, service name, service priority, service footnotes and frequency band footnotes at the top-left corner of chart. Push buttons in browsing toolbar in the item “Frequency Allocations‐>Edit‐ >Plan” Modification of legend of frequency allocations chart Service table” item in menu enables user to browse and modify radiocommunication service name and color used in the frequency allocations chart. Editing National Plan and Footnote The “Edit” menu under the frequency allocations chart provides three powerful items: “Plan”, “Service Table” and “Footnotes” to edit the content of the frequency allocations table and chart color. Editing National Plan and Footnote(1) Editing the Service Table Editing the footnote Outline • National Table of Frequency Allocations 1 • Channel Arrangements 2 Channel Arrangements Purposes(1) Once a frequency band has been allocated to a service, it is necessary to make provision for systems and users to access the frequencies in an orderly manner. The most commonly used method is by frequency division. -
Models and Solution Techniques for Frequency Assignment Problems
Ann Oper Res (2007) 153: 79–129 DOI 10.1007/s10479-007-0178-0 Models and solution techniques for frequency assignment problems Karen I. Aardal · Stan P.M. van Hoesel · Arie M.C.A. Koster · Carlo Mannino · Antonio Sassano Published online: 12 May 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Wireless communication is used in many different situations such as mobile tele- phony, radio and TV broadcasting, satellite communication, wireless LANs, and military operations. In each of these situations a frequency assignment problem arises with applica- tion specific characteristics. Researchers have developed different modeling ideas for each of the features of the problem, such as the handling of interference among radio signals, the availability of frequencies, and the optimization criterion. This survey gives an overview of the models and methods that the literature provides on the topic. We present a broad description of the practical settings in which frequency assign- ment is applied. We also present a classification of the different models and formulations described in the literature, such that the common features of the models are emphasized. The solution methods are divided in two parts. Optimization and lower bounding techniques on the one hand, and heuristic search techniques on the other hand. The literature is classi- fied according to the used methods. Again, we emphasize the common features, used in the different papers. The quality of the solution methods is compared, whenever possible, on publicly available benchmark instances. This is an updated version of a paper that appeared in 4OR 1, 261–317, 2003. K.I. Aardal Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI), P.O. -
ATTACHMENT a to FCC Public Notice DA 20-1243 Recommendations Presented at October 20, 2020, Meeting of the World Radiocommunicat
ATTACHMENT A to FCC Public Notice DA 20-1243 Recommendations presented at October 20, 2020, Meeting of the World Radiocommunication Conference Advisory Committee 1 Maritime Aeronautical and Radar Services 2 WAC-23/0009 IWG-1/007 (09.23.20) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEW ON WRC-23 AI 1.6 AGENDA ITEM 1.6: to consider, in accordance with Resolution 772 (WRC-19), regulatory provisions to facilitate radiocommunications for sub-orbital vehicles; ISSUE: The United States requires a stable regulatory framework for radiocommunications for sub-orbital vehicles. BACKGROUND: Sub-orbital vehicles must operate in the same airspace as conventional aircraft while transitioning to and from space. Stations on board sub-orbital vehicles have a need for voice/data communications, navigation, surveillance, and telemetry and tracking and command (TT&C) applications to safely and effectively complete various mission requirements. The current regulatory provisions and procedures for terrestrial and space services may or may not be adequate for international use of relevant frequency assignments by stations on board sub-orbital vehicles. Resolution 772 (WRC-19) calls for studying spectrum needs and appropriate modifications to the Radio Regulations to accommodate sub-orbital vehicle radiocommunications requirements, excluding any new allocations or changes to the existing allocations in Article 51. There are several U.S. Commercial Space Transportation industry and government initiatives that could benefit from modification of the Radio Regulations as a result of these technical, operational, and regulatory studies. U.S. VIEW: To pursue studies called for by Resolution 772 (WRC-19) as a basis for possible new Radio Regulations to support the growing radiocommunications needs of sub-orbital vehicles. -
Evaluation of a Channel Assignment Scheme in Mobile Network Systems
Nurelmadina et al. Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci. (2016) 6:21 DOI 10.1186/s13673-016-0075-0 RESEARCH Open Access Evaluation of a channel assignment scheme in mobile network systems Nahla Nurelmadina1, Ibtehal Nafea1 and Muhammad Younas2* *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 2 Department of Computing The channel assignment problem is a complex problem which requires that under cer- and Communication Technologies, Oxford Brookes tain constraints a minimum number of channels have to be assigned to mobile calls in University, Oxford OX33 the wireless mobile system. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, which is based on 1HX, UK double band frequency and channel borrowing strategy. The proposed scheme takes Full list of author information is available at the end of the into account factors such as limited bandwidth of wireless networks and the capacity article of underlying servers involved in processing mobile calls. It aims to ensure end-to-end performance by considering the characteristics of mobile devices. This is achieved by determining the position of users (or mobile stations) in wireless mobile systems. The proposed scheme is simulated in order to investigate its efficiency within a specific area of a large city in Saudi Arabia. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the performance of mobile calls as well as reduces the blocking when the number of mobile call increases. Keywords: Mobile network systems, Channel borrowing, Bandwidth, Dynamic channel assignment Background Mobile devices and particularly mobile phones have been used for a variety of purposes rang- ing from voice calls through to sending SMS/emails to online banking and shopping. -
Nps Frequency Management Guidance for Radio Communications, Electronics, and Wireless Systems
DIRECTOR’S ORDER #15: NPS FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE FOR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, ELECTRONICS, AND WIRELESS SYSTEMS Duration: This order will remain in effect until amended or rescinded This Director’s Order, along with its Reference Handbook 15 (RH-15), replaces Director’s Order #15: NPS Wireless Spectrum, dated November 8, 1999; and complies with Director’s Order #11A: Information and Technology Management policy. Contents: 1. Purpose 2. Authority 3. Background 4. Instructions and Requirements 4.1 General 4.2 Delegation of Authority 4.3 Areas of Responsibility 4.4 Frequency Request Applications 4.5 Frequency Assignment Issuance 4.6 Frequency Assignment Review 4.7 Frequency Assignment Security 4.8 Records Management 4.9 Additional References/Information _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Purpose The purpose of this Director’s Order is to set forth the instructions, guidance, and requirements for National Park Service managers to obtain and maintain effective radio frequency dependent telecommunications and information systems that are required to comply with all relevant standards and authorities. This Order also designates the Associate Director for Information Resources as the National Park Service authority for the approval process for telecommunications facilities proposed by commercial service providers (i.e., cellular, Wi-Fi, broadband) to be sited on National Park Service administered lands. 2. Authority Authority to issue this Order is contained in 54 USC 100101(a) et seq. (commonly known as the National Park System Organic Act), and Part 245 of the Department of the Interior Manual. In addition, the National Park Service (NPS) must comply with 47 USC 305, which provides that Government stations "shall use such frequencies as shall be assigned to each or to each class by the President . -
Three Results on Frequency Assignment in Linear Cellular Networks
Three Results on Frequency Assignment in Linear Cellular Networks Marek Chrobak∗ Jiˇr´ıSgall† Abstract In the frequency assignment problem we are given a graph representing a wireless network and a sequence of requests, where each request is associated with a vertex. Each request has two more attributes: its arrival and departure times, and it is considered active from the time of arrival to the time of departure. We want to assign frequencies to all requests so that at each time step any two active requests associated with the same or adjacent nodes use different frequencies. The objective is to minimize the number of frequencies used. We focus exclusively on the special case of the problem when the underlying graph is a linear network (path). For this case, we consider both the offline and online versions of the problem, and we present three results. First, in the incremental online case, where the requests arrive over time, but never depart, we give an algorithm with an optimal (asymptotic) competitive 4 ratio 3 . Second, in the general online case, where the requests arrive and depart over time, we 11 improve the current lower bound on the (asymptotic) competitive ratio to 7 . Third, we prove that the offline version of this problem is NP-complete. 1 Introduction The frequency assignment problem. In a wireless network, the coverage area is divided into cells, with each cell covered by a transmitter. Each user within a given cell is assigned a unique frequency for communicating with the transmitter. In order to avoid interferences, it is also necessary to ensure that any pair of adjoining cells uses different sets of frequencies. -
Zapfcoll Minikatalog.Indd
Largest compilation of typefaces from the designers Gudrun and Hermann Zapf. Most of the fonts include the Euro symbol. Licensed for 5 CPUs. 143 high quality typefaces in PS and/or TT format for Mac and PC. Colombine™ a Alcuin™ a Optima™ a Marconi™ a Zapf Chancery® a Aldus™ a Carmina™ a Palatino™ a Edison™ a Zapf International® a AMS Euler™ a Marcon™ a Medici Script™ a Shakespeare™ a Zapf International® a Melior™ a Aldus™ a Melior™ a a Melior™ Noris™ a Optima™ a Vario™ a Aldus™ a Aurelia™ a Zapf International® a Carmina™ a Shakespeare™ a Palatino™ a Aurelia™ a Melior™ a Zapf book® a Kompakt™ a Alcuin™ a Carmina™ a Sistina™ a Vario™ a Zapf Renaissance Antiqua® a Optima™ a AMS Euler™ a Colombine™ a Alcuin™ a Optima™ a Marconi™ a Shakespeare™ a Zapf Chancery® Aldus™ a Carmina™ a Palatino™ a Edison™ a Zapf international® a AMS Euler™ a Marconi™ a Medici Script™ a Shakespeare™ a Zapf international® a Aldus™ a Melior™ a Zapf Chancery® a Kompakt™ a Noris™ a Zapf International® a Car na™ a Zapf book® a Palatino™ a Optima™ Alcuin™ a Carmina™ a Sistina™ a Melior™ a Zapf Renaissance Antiqua® a Medici Script™ a Aldus™ a AMS Euler™ a Colombine™ a Vario™ a Alcuin™ a Marconi™ a Marconi™ a Carmina™ a Melior™ a Edison™ a Shakespeare™ a Zapf book® aZapf international® a Optima™ a Zapf International® a Carmina™ a Zapf Chancery® Noris™ a Optima™ a Zapf international® a Carmina™ a Sistina™ a Shakespeare™ a Palatino™ a a Kompakt™ a Aurelia™ a Melior™ a Zapf Renaissance Antiqua® Antiqua® a Optima™ a AMS Euler™ a Introduction Gudrun & Hermann Zapf Collection The Gudrun and Hermann Zapf Collection is a special edition for Macintosh and PC and the largest compilation of typefaces from the designers Gudrun and Hermann Zapf. -
Top Ten Tips for Effective Punctuation in Legal Writing
TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE PUNCTUATION IN LEGAL WRITING* © 2005 The Writing Center at GULC. All Rights Reserved. Punctuation can be either your friend or your enemy. A typical reader will seldom notice good punctuation (though some readers do appreciate truly excellent punctuation). However, problematic punctuation will stand out to your reader and ultimately damage your credibility as a writer. The tips below are intended to help you reap the benefits of sophisticated punctuation while avoiding common pitfalls. But remember, if a sentence presents a particularly thorny punctuation problem, you may want to consider rephrasing for greater clarity. This handout addresses the following topics: THE COMMA (,)........................................................................................................................... 2 PUNCTUATING QUOTATIONS ................................................................................................. 4 THE ELLIPSIS (. .) ..................................................................................................................... 4 THE APOSTROPHE (’) ................................................................................................................ 7 THE HYPHEN (-).......................................................................................................................... 8 THE DASH (—) .......................................................................................................................... 10 THE SEMICOLON (;) ................................................................................................................ -
Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) Systems Are Known by Different Names in Different Frequency Bands
AUTOMATED FREQUENCY COORDINATION AN ESTABLISHED TOOL FOR MODERN SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT MARCH 2019 Research Report Automated Frequency Coordination An Established Tool for Modern Spectrum Management Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 2 Automated Frequency Coordination: An Established Tool for Modern Spectrum Management ............... 6 1. Introduction and Database Basics ................................................................................................ 6 A. Wireline to Wireless: Database Coordination in Telecommunications ........................................... 7 B. Automated Frequency Coordination Databases: The Basics ....................................................... 11 2. Frequency Coordination Databases: Manual to Automated to Dynamic ....................................... 16 A. Manual, Database-Informed Coordination ................................................................................ 17 B. Semi-Automated, Database-Assisted Coordination: 70/80/90 GHz and LSA ................................ 18 C. Automated Database Frequency Coordination: TV White Space ................................................. 21 D. Dynamic Coordination Databases: The CBRS Spectrum Access System ........................................ 24 3. The Benefits of Automated Frequency Coordination ................................................................... 28 A. Benefits to industry, consumers and -
Chapter 2 Frequency Allocation Table 1. the Explanations of the Columns
Chapter 2 Frequency Allocation Table Radiocommunication Services Purposes of Radio stations Fixed-Satellite Service Commercial Telecommunications 1. The explanations of the columns in the table are as follows. Inter-Satellite Service Service (1) Columns 1 to 3 in the Table show, as a reference, the international frequency Mobile-Satellite Service Public Service allocations stipulated in Article 5 of the RR. Aeronautical Mobile (OR) Service Public Service (2) Column 4 in the Table shows national frequency allocations of Japan. Any Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (OR) conditions of radiocommunication services are indicated with parentheses. Service The upper limit frequency is included, but the lower limit frequency is not Standard Frequency and Time Signal included in each frequency band. Service (3) The radiocommunication services in the columns 1 to 4 in the Table are Standard Frequency and Time expressed with the following manner. Signal-Satellite Service a. Services printed in “capitals” (e.g. FIXED) are called “primary” services, Broadcasting Service Broadcasting Service and services printed in “normal characters” (e.g. Mobile) are called Broadcasting-Satellite Service “secondary” services. Meteorological Aids Service Public Service b. Frequencies are assigned to radio stations of secondary services under the Earth Exploration-Satellite Service General Service following conditions: Meteorological-Satellite Service - The use of the frequencies shall not cause harmful interference to Space Research Service stations of primary services to which frequencies are already assigned or Amateur Service Amateur Service to which frequencies may be assigned in the future. Amateur-Satellite Service - The radio stations cannot claim protection from harmful interference Other Radio Services Commercial Telecommunications from stations of primary services to which frequencies are already (except passive services) Service assigned or may be assigned in the future. -
Spectrum Planning at the FCC and Emerging Technology Topics
Spectrum Planning at the FCC and Emerging Technology Topics Office of Engineering and Technology USTTI August 27, 2020 Note: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and may not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Communications Commission FCC FAST Plan • FCC is pursuing a comprehensive strategy to Facilitate 5G Technology (the 5G FAST Plan) • The Chairman's strategy includes three key components: – (1) pushing more spectrum into the marketplace – (2) updating infrastructure policy – (3) modernizing outdated regulations 2 FCC Spectrum Actions for 5G Use 28 GHz band auction (27.5 GHz – 28.35 GHz; 2 x 425) Completed January 2019 24 GHz band auction 103 (24.25 – 24.45; 25.25 -25.75 GHz; 7 x100) Completed May 2019 High-band: 37 GHz, 39 GHz, and 47 GHz (concluded auction 103 March 2020, largest in American history, releasing 3,400 megahertz of spectrum into the commercial marketplace ) Working to free up additional 2.75 gigahertz of 5G spectrum in the 26 and 42 GHz bands Mid-band: 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 3.7-4.2 GHz bands Targeted changes to 600 MHz, 800 MHz, and 900 MHz bands to improve use of Low-band: low band spectrum for 5G services Creating opportunities for Wi-Fi in the 6 GHz, 61-71 GHz and above 95 GHz bands; also taking a fresh and comprehensive look at the 5.9 GHz (5.850-5.925 Unlicensed: GHz) band that has been reserved for use by Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Spectrum Management • Decisions should consider – Efficient spectrum use – Interference protection – New technology introduction