HixirPratrwe @ it'illlJ,ffBR[?r,]tBl'J55,1RAHovo

NON-TECHNICALSUIIIMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IIilPACTASSESSMENT STUDY ON THE PHOSPHOGYPSUMSTORAGE

Beograd,Mart 20tg

Universityof Belgrade,Faculty of Mining and Geology Hl$xflrfmhonp ELtxtRpRAHovo INDUSTRIJA i,i+Ji111.1'*,*t:,*:ziyri.i:ri,flr*!i.,i,;x111i HEMIJSKIH PROIZVODA DOO PRAHOVO

NON.TECHNICALSUMMARY OF THEENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTSTUDY ON THE PHOSPHOGYPSUM STORAGE

Studyprepared by: ffi Facultyof Miningand Geology Universityof Belgrade Dju5ina7, 11000 Beograd TheRepublic of Serbia

ConsultancyAgreement No. 14 123-14

Belgrade,March 2015 Hlflx*rFr*hcv* ELrxrRpRAHovo TNDUSTRTJA :'.nrj+;iri;'rlrli?.ilxi.,*sirl '.;"r*rdrx,i:{ii! pROIZVODA HEMIJSKIH DOO pRAHOVO

NON-TECHNIGAL SUMMARYOF THEENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDYON THE PHOSPHOGYPSUMSTORAGE I

Date:March 2015. , Manager

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'I , "ii Flix$r *"i,#!tsir.il.. t"i, Iftdr.lst,tjal.}erfiilskinpj$rekod:: i.;ixi{ prehsya*#fr Frurne,"re trts:nr\i!} tf33$, *ad*.i**fli:!i $ili. *t g s{iryoYs rye21"chnicat summary of the EtAstudy on the phosphosypsumsrorase

TABLEOF CONTENTS

1. |NTRODUCT|ON...... 1 2. PR.P.NENTDETAILS ...... ,...... 1 3. DESCRIPTIONOF THE LOCATION PLANNEDFOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION...... 2 4. PROJECTDESCRtpTtoN...... 6 5. MAINALTERNATIVES TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION ...... ,.10 6. REVIEWOF ENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONS AT THELOCATION ...... 11 7. DESCRIPTIONOF POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSOF THE PROJECT...... 16 8. ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT INTHE CASE OF ACCIDENT...... 26 9. DESCRIPTION OF MEASURESFOR PREVENTION, REDUCTION AND REMEDIATIONOF ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS 10. ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS MONITORINGPROGRAMME...... 29

LISTOF FIGURES Fig'l Industrialcomplex ElixirPrahovo Ltd. Prahovo with the locationof the new phosphogypsumstorage ...,...... ,...... 2 Fig.2The location of theold phosphogypsum storage ...... 7 Fig.3The facilities rocations with stage deveropment of the phosphogypsumstorage...... 9 Fig.4The development scheme of phosphogypsum storagein Stageg...... 10 Fig'SThe distributionof dailyaverage concentrationof particlespM10 (pg/m.) around the phosphogypsumstorage in the developmentstage 1 withoutapplication of methodsand proceduresfor dust protection ...... 1.8 Fig'6 The distributionof daily averageconcentration of particlespM 10 (ug/m.)around the phosphogypsumstorage in the developmentstage 2 withoutapplication of methodsand proceduresfor dustprotection ...... t8 Fig'7 The distributionof average dailyconcentration of particlespMl o (pg/m.)around the phosphogypsumstorage in the developmentstage 3 withoutapplication of methodsand proceduresfor dust protection ...... 19 Fig.8The estimate of noiselevels aroundthe phosphogypsum storage ...... 21 qrypoh1q W Noniechnicalsummaryof the EIA study on thephosphogypsumsforage

Fig'9 The distributionof depositionparticles mg/m2per day) around the industrialcomplex of the developmentstage 1 of the phosphogypsum storagewithout application of methodsand proceduresfor dustprotection ...... 23 Fig"t0 The distributionof depositionparticles.mg lm2per day) around the industrialcomplex of the developmentstage 2 of the phosphotypsumstoiage without application of methods and proceduresfor dust protection ...... 23 Fig'11The distribution of depositionparticles.mg/m2 perday) aroundthe industrialcomplex of the developmentstage 3 of the phosphotypsumstoiage without application of methods and proceduresfor dust protection ...... ,.._:. --:...:..-.. -...... 24 Fig.12Sampling zones ...... 30 lT!*"- f*r't Effilf Pfe$dr.l Non-technical \F ;,fi'.,:,,::ri-.,,"If- summary of the EtA studyon the phosphogypsumsforage

NON.TECHNICAL SUMMARYOF THEENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTSTUDY oN THEPHosprrocYpsunrr sronncr

1. INTRODUCTION

ELIXIRPRAHOVO INDUSTRY OF CHEMTCALPRoDUCTS -productionLTD PRAHOVO is chemical complex which a targe used to be well-known-ioi and processing phosphorouscomponents, of manufacturingor wasnlng a;o cteaning chemistry,manufacturing products,fluorine of waterpurification agents, pdntlrotection - products, fodder additives productionof ano phosphoroussarts. n-owevei, ini-, recognizedfor production had arways been of minerarfertirizersano prrosb#L acid."ornp"ny

The consortiumformed by..Unive-rsityof .Belgrade.Faculty of Mining and Geologyand universityof Belgraderaculty of civil Eng,1qinn_ phosphogvpsum 1ev"rop,iothe conceptualdesign of the storagetor EtlxlR pRAHovoTruousihV pRoDucrs LTD Prahovo. or cHEMTcAL

The subjectof this documentis the Environmentallmpact Assessmentstudy on the Phosphogypsumstorage, for which Ministryor eneigy, Sevetopmentand Environmental Protectionof the Republic sgrbia prescribed -of ."op" contentof the studywith Decision No. 353-02-51 1 t2O1 4-05 of 10.04.2014. "iio

2. PROPONENTDETAILS

ELIXIRPRAHOVO INDUSTRIJA HEMIJSKIHPROIZVODA DOOPRAHOVO ManagerStrahinja

Radujevadkiput bb, 193S0

+38119 543991

+38119 542 885

100777129 Productionorfertili@

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3. DESCRIPTIONOF THE LOCATIONPLANNED FOR PROJECTIMPLEMENTATION Physicalcharacteristics and geographiclocation

Prahovois locatedin Ne-gotinskaKrajina in the peripheral'ft'e northeastern part of serbia. tt is villagein Municipalityof Negotin, a cbung of Ejor. geographiclocation oi Negotinska Krajinaand, consequently, of Frahovois importantn"""uJ" or proximityof the DanubeRiver. The fundamentalregional attribute is its locationon the 6ants of the Danube,the border regiontoward the Republicof Romania and proximityoi il'r" rtrt" bordertoward the Republic of Bulgaria'The local attributeof Prahovo is oenneowith its centralposition in relationto villages:Radujevac, samarinovac and Dusanovacpratrovo is an industrialsetttement of a compacttype located g from Negotin. ,9 lt is.situated,approximately, at +60 masl,on the rightbank of the DanubeRiver. Trre rlifuay and modernroad connects it with largertowns. occupiesan areaof 1,957ha. lt

The company"Elixir of chemical prahovo,, lra!9vo-tnoustry ProductsLtd is situatednear the bank of the DanubeRiver,.by the- Prahovo port, in g3oagtrairrrruni"iprlitvprahovo. Apart from road railtransport the proximityof the port and aisoprovides, inland wateirav transportfor the complex. The chemicalcomplex in, Prahovo occupies around135 ha, i.e. g5 parcels,of which 13 partiallyoccupied, while the remaining is numberi. iullyo""riieo. The largestpart of the area occupiesthe industrialcomplex Elixir Prahovo Ltd. Frln""",?hich is locatedat the cadastral parcelNo' 2300'The remaining.occupiedparcels are toiit," purpo.uof accessoryfacilities of the complexElixir prahovo tiO. prahovo.

The locationof the complex ElixirPrahovo Ltd. Prahovo (Fig.1) can be positioned to thefollowing benchmarks: in relation

Fig'l Industrialcomplex ElixirPrahovo Ltd. Prahovowith the locationof the newphosphogypsum storage ' workers settlement (a small group of residential facilities) adjacent to the complex boundaryin the westerndirection;

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' The Prahovoport, at thedistance of around200 m in the northerndirection; thefuel and oil warerrouse,;i ]j:,jrin"*- il" distanceor arouno 1 kmin the ' the Prahovovillage, at the distanceof around1 km in the ' HPp Djerdap westerndirection; il, at the distanceof aroundg [m in ih" ' the phosphogypsum westerndirection; disposalsite, on the ;";; b;;k witharound at the distanceof around2 km in il:?ffiH:,flii,l,ll', 8 mi'ionto;;i prrosprrogypsumrilmthe period ' the villageRadujevac, at the distanceof around5 km in the southeastern samarinovac,at the oistance direction il:"il:".,""'age oia=rouno10 km in the-southwestern . the capitalBelgrade, at the distanceof around260 km. As a partof thisstudy the environmentalimpact assessment of the newphosphogypsum hasbeen conducted it the entirelocation.wiricrr storage ftrernvestoi'pi.n. to purchaseand new storage'Fig'1 shows the designeo assignfor the rocationoJir'r" i"*irrosphogypsum storage. areawhich occupy the cassettesofihe The total newphosphogypsum storage is 46.5ha. Soil characteristics

Pedological characteristics,i-e.. soil typeswhich are formedin the certainarea are one of mostimportant factors for originationor veget"td;1";i;;jhonous the mutualimpact or grownspecies). with a of naturalfactors in the processof paeoogenesis formation of various in the certainarea occurs soil types anJ suotypes. t-anJsc-ape,geological foundationand climate structure of the spatialdistribution. such formedfrom lithospheredifferentiate"onoitions.iucialrv'Inriu#;;l ioi.ftr# soits rertility,-L.ir,"ir potentialio,.*t""..ful growth of plantswhich use water and nutrienl: Krajina: of soir occur in Negotinska alluvialsoils(fluvisorl, vertisois, chernozem Il" Fu..*;g.typ". (marinciart soil; meadow black land). Geomorphological characteristicsof the terrain one of the specific characteristicsof eachfr:ilitv is the morphology is located'Morphologicalty, of terrainin whichthe facility the teirain-isplain'with differences highestelevations inltre of up to 20 m. The wioer rr.. or the industrid"r"""t,|"";;;"r Elixirprahovo prahovo locatedin the villagePrahovo Ltd. are (o+ masD.rhe lowesi the on the bankof the Dllyuq analyaedterrain is located River(34 misl). rne towesili"""iif""Luriio-n'ot of the phosphogypsum willbe the erevationof the rowerreverotoi"po""tsite, storage whichis prannedat +46m. Geologicalcharacteristics

From the aspect of regional geology, Prahovo "Negotinska is located within a wide valley called Krajina',which opi"""niJ the part of td;;:;ailed The company area carpatho-Barcanica. ElixirPrahovo Lte. Pr;h;vo was built terrace on the Quaternarysediments of the river of Pleistoceneage, formed under impact or virtually ft"-o",i,te River.The observedarea is levelled(medium elevation = si masr).The location data on geotogicalcharacteristics at the of Elixir Prahovo Ltd. prahov" ;;;';i;;"!i'il",l" geological basis of the serbian basic map,as well as on the basisor oata ooiaNeiilvin" previousconducted shallow explorationworks at the locationof the -orprny. Geologicalcharacteristics at the rocationof Erixirprahovo Ltd. prahovo . Terrainsurface _ are: humifiedclay, of thicknessO.;_; ;';, . Loessand loess dust and claywith c;Cor;"-";til;" of average range3.0-5.0 m: thicknesswhich

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r Clayeysa$ ol averagethickness . of 1.0_3.5m; Gravelwhichthicknesi is up to 4.0 ' m; Lacustrinegraver, sand and' marrs ' of fhicknessfrom 20 to 60 m; Pliocene(Pl) sand and clays with sanJsi;;-p-*tir;s of thicknessover 150 m. The shallowaquifer is directlyaffected and hydraulically connectedwith the DanubeRiver. The levelof groundwaterin the Piahovoarea is mLstrreque'ntiv-iocateo deeper than 10 m, betow surfacelevel' These waters are not the scoopedrot *.1Giffi!. rn" directionof groundwater is conditionedwith the.DanubeRiver, flow i.e. towardtne riveriuring the regimeof lowwaters towardthe hinterlandduring periodoi r||gn or *ri"; ih" ;;;iier is fed with infiltrationof surface waterof the DanubeRiver ind fromthe tiinterland ;;li;; withdischarges and seeping productionprocesses at the location. ". from The..shallow drainedinto the Danube (duringthe periodof rowwater) "qJi"i-ir River as wertas with ih" 0""p", aquifer. """p"g"lnio Watersupply sources

Deeperaquifer is usedfor the watersupply of the widerarea. It has beenolanne! to,.{ovide thesupply of drinking from waterfor the locationof Elixirprahovo Ltd the water source"'Barbaros". rne-water sourd "Barbaros,, requirements providesone third of the water of the town Negotin.1,400,000 cubic water met";r ; waterwas pumpedout from the source"Barbaro5" during 2002.The rrir"r ,,Barbaros,,was around vLiJ-oiir," watersource 30 l/s' The positiveeffects have been achieved wrftrine regulatedlowering of the levelby averagesof verticaldrilled wells so thatthe minimal yielohas neenincreased to around75 l/s. The technicalconditions for connectionto the g PVC 22s mm piping systemexist at the location'The existing installationiior reconstruction .sanitarywatei- are in poor conditionand its and replacementwith the pipesor luitaoil impacts materiatresistant to environmental is required'lt has.beenpranneo tull ,.""on;i;i;;r construction of the pipelinesystem and its to the requiredlocations in the" complex Seismologiccharacteristics

According to the seismicmap of serbia for the return periodof 100 years, in the area of Prahovocan be expectedftre maximum earthquake oi a i"gr""s of Mercailiintensity scale. Climatecharacteristics

Microclimaticpeculiarities of the observed area are most frequenflydefined with dominant northwest and south winds, lower average temperatures(=10 "C) and proximity of aquatoriumwhich conditions higher air humidi-ty The area of Negotinis characterizedwith typical continental temperature climatewith averageannual between11 and 12oc, ftre towestt"rp";;i;;;; the period in Januaryand the highestin July-August'The annualtemp-erature amprituJe oc, annual is s 23.0 and over 50% of total precipitationoccur in half of the year ritn periods rrrrer.-'' Durationof the drought is significanflyronger than duration of rainyp"rioJ..

Flora and fauna and protected natural assets

NegotinskaKrajina is locatedin the utmost easternpart of the country.lt occupiesthe area over100,000 ha, of whichforests and forest of soiloccupy sz.,ioo ha, meadows22,g00 ha and cultivatedfields 41,000 ha' The landscape consistsof tniee separateentireties: Negotin,s

4lFag* m*psn'f Non-technicalsummary of the EtAstudy on thephosphosypsumsforase

hillyplateaus lgwland, and highlandrelief which consists of mountainranges Deli Jovan and Miro6' The elevationsrange from 92 to 546 masl. Those natur-atand ecological characteristics,as well as rich and diverseflora and fauna createdideal conditionsfor breedingand development of all kindsof quarry. The. Municipalityof Negotin is characterizedwith fertile soils suitable production. for agricultural The agriculturalsoils occupyaround 65% of the municipalGrritory, dominate while cultivatedfields, and then pastures and surfaces under vineyards and orchards. Thereare several huntinggrounds in the territoryof the Municipalityof Negotinin which represented are the followinganimal species_: wild toar, deer,mouflon, doe, rabbit,pheasant, fieldpartridge, wild duck,turfle dove, quail, wild pigeon,;;if, jackal,fox, wild cat and marten whichcan alsobe encounteredin thisarea.

The bird fauna is rich and diverse.lt has been recordedpresence of numerousspecies: auks, grebes, pelicans,waterfowls, cranes,marsh hens, woodcocksand gulls. Furthermore,in the vicinityof Djerdapthere is the colonyof smallcormorants and oi greatcormorants, and there is also presentlittle egret, gray heron, whiteand blackstork. lt has also-beenrecordeOin" pr"r"nce of a largenumber of ducks(mallards, widgeons,common teals, common pochards) and ten thousands of coots' Raptorsare also well represented,but some of ihem ar" very rare such as: black kite, whitetailedeagle, Great Nicobar serpent eagle, lesser spotted eagle, gotd"n ""gt", "i.. In the areaof the villagePrahovo and its surroundinga diverseflora of autochthonsor introduced characteris formed and it is a result naturalconditions. plant species characteristicfor settlements 9r .cgrrgJnonding are representedin Prahovoiiself, while agricultural lano is in surrounding. the Thatis understandableconsidering a traditionalcharacter of-tfris region. coastalve.getation grows nearthe DanubeRiver since there is plentyof moisturein soil.In the immediatesurrounding fragmented forests (groves) can be alsoobserved. Landscape

Flom a topographic aspect,the terrainis plainwith elevationdifferences of up to 20 m. The highestelevations in the wider area of the industrialcomplex Elixir prahovo Ltd. prahovois locatedin thevillage Prahovo(64 masl).The lowestetevati5n or the analpeoterrainin located on the bankof the Da-nubeRiver (34 masl).The lowestelevation of the phospnogypsumstorage willbe the elevationof the lowerlevel of disposalsite, which is plannedat +46m. Culturalproperty cultural and historical monumentswith a specialprotection from the RepublicInstitute for Protection of culturalMonuments are not recoided in ihe widerarea of the investigateddeposit.

Population,concentration of residentsand demographiccharacteristics According to the resultsof 2011 censusi1 the Municipalityof Negotin,in 39 populated settlements '13,906 and householdslives slightlymore ih"n sz,oodresidents,i,e. 17,g26 men and 19'230women. Out of that number,tO,8AZ residents live in the town of Negotin while , othersettlements have from 150to 1500residents. The largervillages are,Bukovada, Vidrovac, Du5anovac,Jabukovac, Kobisnica, plavna, prahovo, uro'vica;;; Sd;ik. Prahovo is an industrialsettlement of a compacttype. lt occupiesthe area of 1,g57ha. According to the censusof 2011,the numberof resid'entswas 1,1g7,i.e. S77men and 619

5lPage lrFl'-o * - l"?t :,,:;:':lilrurPrahmro Non-technicarsummary \y :.il;:; of theEtA studyon thephosphogypsum storage

women' The totalnumber of householdsis 434, household whilethe averagenumber of residentsper is 2'76.Mainly serbs riu"in piar,Jvo, Romanians, fgs.igy.) wrrilethe_minority inctudes Vlachs, Montenegrins,Gypsies ano croats. ftre avliage ageof residentsis 47.7. the industrialsettlement located g km from 3:?#:"lt Negotin,i.e. 260 km southeastfrom

Existing infrastructure

The fundamental regionalattribute is its location region on the banksof the Danube,the border towardthe Republicof Romaniaano proximity of Bulgaria' oi t-hestate border towaio the Republic The local attributeor Fi"nouo lr villages: ;;fiilJ;it, its positionin reration Radujevac,Samarinova. .nJouS"novac. ""ntrar to A single-trackrailway Nis-Zaje6ar-Prahovo.passes of Prahovo alongthe peripheryof the area.The port is locatedon.the'right n*r or ihe Danube or ftiu",.and representsthe last port in |?il:'f;:"ffiiJ[!S""flijlicderbL. iti. .onn""i"J-tn 'Losand rairways withother parts

The localand reqionalroad networkconnects Prahovo via Negotin towardt n"proric with Bor, Majdanpek, fi|li'Jffiif :?45ffi.ilJ;;;'viiin " orBursaria andDjerdap toward

The infrastructuralfacilities also include a certain number of electric power telecommunicationfacilities of a uroaoerco.io-"*nori."irportance, and numbeior110/10 [t amongwhich stand 3il;Ji?tll3|;,3.]'o"antiar "'J-rbrri.+'iv-ri,uli.iio'n.". we,as

4. PROJECTDESCRIPTION

Phosphogvpsumis,.se.p.:l?.gd_.?,.^a^b.y-oro!1ct duringproduction of phosphoric quantitiesof phosphogypsumare 3-6 acid.The times.higher tna"n [r-"ntiti"" of acidwhich is produced as a mainproduct' According to its propertiejpnospnog-yprur industrially is similarto otnergypsums produced.(oDc-glypsut?ror oesuiprruriz"ii"o'ilor fromproduction exhaustgases, citro gypsum of citricacid]-etc.1, wiftr minor din"r*"". in applicabilityin industry relationto-natural gypsum. lts and consirr.iiontrade is wefl known.The applicationis connectedwith proouceJ issue relatedto the quantities ft'Lvexceed by manifoldquantities whichcan be applied in industryduring-the same period. "in"" At present,Erixir Group Ltd uses the ord. phosphogypsum yearsago storage(Fig. 2), formed armost 50 at the sitelocated around 2.4'km ri'or"in" i"itli. the terraceabove ft'e otdstorage is formedon the DanubeRiver lnd occupiesaround 54 hydrotechnicalregulation hectares,whilst the levelof of the area correspondsto standardsapplied regulationand upgradingto the in 1g60s.lts currentlyrequired tegat a;d technicari"ulr i" compricated andunprofitable' Because of thatElixir Group'Ltd a has"start"o*orLs on theestablishment of newstorage at the more favorable location.'The new.it" to thefactory. i. ror" favorablesince it is closer

Descriptionof previousworks on the projectimptementation Thefirst step in thestorage formation is cleaningof thehumus tayer. After that leveling terrainto the elevationoistorage's bottom plan-ned of the at +o masris to be performed.The next

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anticipatedstage is the cassettes development,including construction accessroad and perimetercanal. nter of: embankment, 46'5 of the cassele,s maslit is anticipa-teoregutition oi tn"1e-v!11n0 ;tfiili:tion bottomat the mineral caslette'sb;tt;;, whatimpties development barrieroI-0.5 tIni"tnltJ, ior tn" of polyethylene (HDP! stabiii..tion.ir-i'gh density liner 1'5t;i ;;;llceo-riii.ipat; on ftris".r."tt"'.'[o'ttom the storageinto raverin-o-r0",to preventpercoiation from sroundwater.ri i. ;;;'siil;; cassette'sbottom for reception of drainagesystem on rhe of wateiplrcorateo through the storage.

Fig.2The locationof theold phosphogypsum storage Descriptionof faciritiesand technorogy of the phosphogypsumstorage devetopment The phosphogypsum..storagewill be developedin stages.From the aspect surface'utilization will unfold of the occupied in s stages,and in retatio"n-toihe occupied g The first three stagesimplies vorumein stages. o".rpition of the ;ril; pi;;;ed suriace elevation+18 m' whilethe following anj overnuirdingto -overbuitoin-gftrieestages incluoJ overbuilding to seventhand eighthstage include heightof 36 m. The stage to tn" nn"r-r,"ightof 50 m. wi*rin the operationis organizedin severatcassettes, each 2 0r 3.15 cassetteswill be formed. The cassettesare formedin order to establish operational operationatregime in which:one cassette (there O,e{ormedstorage. ot. pf,d.pf,ogyJ.ur); is backup |s on" cassette serves (it is prepaled for t"."piion"or prrbsphlgfiffi as a phosphogypsum and from there it dispatches for the market),;hi[ one cassetteis out of use (it is drainedin enable overbuildingor extractionor order to fnosphogypsumr- in" market).Table 1 scheduleof combinedcassettes utilizaion. shows the The formationand utilizationdynamics is developed for the most disadvantageousscenario when all quantitieshave to ue itoteJ sinceprrosiGvp.ur the investorprovidessale cannotbe sold on the market.lf of phosphosvn.,rl oevelo-peJJynamic "cleaning" is beingchanged and after of one cassettestockpilin;i! u"ing g;nows _d;rJ;;;i;'in tnrt empty space insteadof ,ffi?t:ffj|;:rflffiTffrFiouie theracitities"ro.riion. witrstage'oevltopment or

TlPage lE*-- t".r./ EffirPnrhnn-,;:.,:";:T;- \r Non-technicatsummary of the EtA studyon the phosphogypsumsforage

Table1: Scheduleof combinedcassettes utilization

Activecassette is markedwith green cororthe, the back_upcassette with yerow cassettethat is drained,with red, while with_blu"'.oror"ij" J irrl-.t"g"i i il'"r' which is completed. Jffi,:T:;ff ::?i: ru,ffi :;r ;;::nF ",i'", ""t" "rt" i l iinlg",

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I $ Fig'3 The faciritieslocations with stage deveropment of the phosphogypsumstorage

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- lTrl'* - - b'F, eHxlrrrahsro Non-technicar \r ;;l:,:,.-,T,,x:,.Y summaryof the ErAstudy on the phosphogypsumstorage

Theestimate is providedfor the annual pr.oduction.of.phosphogypsum of 350,000 requiredstorage space of 485'000mt.lhus, t andthe to 5'4 years' consioeriigp-Ji.t"g". theylast from 1.6 years i'e' in the entireoccupied area the quantityof phosphogypsum stgrig-"-inwhich can be storedthe entire can be developed,*itnori ."re.or periodof 24-29years' Figure increaseof capacityin the + snows- the final oririn" oithe stage phosphogypsumstorage (g stages)- deveropmentof the

At the storagephosphogyPsum disposed,in phosphogypsum' .is formof suspension,mixture of Naturaio'epositionoi-phorpnogyp.rr waterand p-rrtitr".under gravity force afterdischarge' Due to particle's.m"ri i"nr,ty;lj!iz"iJposition occurs performed wi1be stow and in the reqimeof congestJ J"po"ition it wiltbe ; t"d;;iltention rne setlingpond will oe simuttaneously I3illi!;[il:,:il;'a ",""-roiiiaririiation;i;;#";"rore it i!

Fig'4 The deveropmentscheme of phosphogypsumstorage in stage g

5. MAIN ALTERNATIVESTAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION

Thereis no dilemm"-oltlnnthe storagep]?nllng and designingconnected with non-existenceof the storage since"domestic-anJ existenceor *in; practice shown as a secondaryraw materiar, that sare of il::33:flYpsum, is seaionirand, therefore, the storageis

The alternativeswhich are takeninto considerationsare ' the form issuesrerated to: in whichphosphogypsumwit be oeriveieo-to , the location n" storage(dry or wet);and of the futurepfrospfrogypsum storage.

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6. REVIEWOF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONSAT THE LOCATION Residents

when speakingof the residentsand project socroeconomic impacton-u*i"ri"n"e, themit is firstof a, thought aspectof that impact..irre roimei about socioeconomicaspect inoi.rtJ' inat tne only wasthe on"Gi"n n"", tlSertain benefitsform the,project oevelopt""t. :mv. extentand conditions, some accordance rt is anotneiisJu!wnetner tnis oeriJtit withthe expectationioiih" community is arwaysin In thiscase' a subjective r"rb"r", butnevertheless it is evident. .t;;i;;ireatizeo o"n6riti.'iJ morepronounced environmentalaspects' rnereroie iiis thanwith other theproject difncufii" .Ji"* consensusregarding impacton residents,.onteining the the issueof slopeo-ut-"r.o disadvantage orits impact. As for the village.frlfrovo' according dataobtained is#zor19f" fromthe previouscensuses it is ;*:ll H: :il!;,ff"%?fi* 1 tr;;J;i;;;;".ins popurati;l"permanenry iesioenisl,azl'i"",s, whire th";il.""rTT"Ty;.J%?1%i:Hfl"*,ln:l""Jlg" ,n;; Floraand fauna

As for flora and fauna it is of utmostimportance from the in the particularlocation aspectof each projectthe fact that *t t""lri"o ,."r" pioi""[i species couldhave a significantimpact"t" of flora and fauna,which on *p" and rearization"r or tne project. Furthermore' regardingpossibili$ and scopeof potential rauna it a impactof the projecton ought to be underlineitnat tnrs pr"Jdt-;;iniy' flora and devastatedagricultural oc"rpies devastatedarea, i.e. land.The cn"ri.Ji'i',i,1u:"1;fi;[, prahovo around135 in coversthe ha' i'e' 95 parcels,orwt,icrr ts is partiJiv area of is fully occupied'The largest whilethe remainingnumber p"tt ;i th" area occupies"""i,pi"0,the Ltd' Prahovo'The industrialcomplex Elixir prahovo i1t?il].t.g g",ni"J l-arcelsare in G'run"tion of t-to'pranbvo. irre utiriatil;',i"* accessoryfacirities of the ffil?l%:'#,:[:i:' "g,i"rrturarrani is anticipated I scope and type of degradationdepend on the source itself'accessory faciliiies, pyrite-iurn; of degradation,i.e. whether it is plant Jrililiik#": However,the factis d"'ounJing'iI1oj,.t"o t.i g,'"J thatthe :;'iil:':T;:lr:Tff"lg;:l"Ji't" "ientto the Soil

The company INTERGEo Environmentat. Tectrnologyconducte-d, among detailed soil investigatiol rot t"qrir"rents other things, . of tne terinition of existing conditions'The resultsof those..inu"stigations environmentar -normaloeron.tr"i"o tn"t there is severallocations due to exceeding contaminationat of values.on ft," basis resultsrelated to the soil quality of the analysisof the it nas neen ascertainedthat remedial a certainnumber of parameters valuesare exceedfor and ii ls atso low pH value sample'while with 13 samples ".""rt"-in"i for soil with one is detectedincreaseJnatirat radioactivig, hishvatues o] riuoria"s, and at several ll"",i[Hjfidetected .rrpr,ri".lniir"t""and phoiphates (rhey are

The similarinvestigations, withthe objectiveto define in the chemical the existingenvironmental conditions complexPrahovo, *"t" ouring-iolz "onoucteo by city Institutefor public

11lFage rrlrr' --- LtJ Ebdrkrhmnr':*ryvy \F 1,* T Non-technicarsummary of theEtA studyon thephosphogypsum storage

lli3lh5fla':i;"1i['d:ffiil['J,:i::?ffi:T:were perrormed rorrequirements orthe Thelaboratory ana.rysiswas used to testsoil sampres soilcontamination in-accoroan;;iil; formost significant parameters of possibfe representedtectrnotgicar complex'The fottowing p"t"t"1"i.'rirt"o't"!.li6l-y'"?.inv"stigated: processes anJactivity in this content(%), incineratiolLgss, pH varue, tot"r nr,Lnmrous,iurphat",lgqr ,fluorine,moisture aromatichvdrocarb,ong.(P4H), poiv.rl[iin .nitrogen, pofycycric nitrophen eo..giprrenliis to1";111;.ilns andmetats tHg, co, n!:i;,";n,Cu, 1etey, (c1'_cao), Ni,totalbr, il/o anoV;. On the basisof the surracer"v* it'd;;:$i$:i:ilSt;:tffi;:l[s obtainedbvthe soir investisation rromthe ' In the large.number of soilsamples it havebeen bysome of the investisated ascertainedthat rimits are exceeded ' The ilill:l:r., tn" Resuration; mostfrequeltty' d-eviaiiSn qrglateo """oioinjioto existe-ncJottre i""i""i Ltsome of heavy ff":f,?JglLT:luo"arbonsrcro-cioi, ilil'"iJ exceededtheremediar varue at ' the presence of pesticidein increasedconcentrations nitrophenstorehouse) (locationNo.4 in frontof the has o""n in one contentin that sampre is ".""rtained .soitsample. The nitrophen ' overroo mgng, ;r'i"r' i. high concentrations.ofiotal nitrogeri, varue; totil fnospr,"t*""w surpnailsreached varues at somerocations, aturit t'r,ose "tia veryhigh r;;;;-n-oiit" no"rdized ; ";i atir'! iot.tiono"r,inJ'the _ i$;ii;fli: i:.TTln,"omp'o'ised surphuricacid ' The significant of porycycricaromatic hydrocarbons recordedonll_1yo "on."nirriion. tocations,i.e. the (pAH) are ' ln lo6ations+lij'a, the investigatedsamptei p-ieseT:e porychrorina[g,g,olgnr,s hasnot been 9f (pcB) andmercury recordeo,inoge-nerarlv oos"ruiig ti.t'rir1 surfacelayer within tne significantcontamination of the comilexis recoroeo n"liion No.4 frontof the nitrophenstorehiuse'tetween "ite To be morespecific in havebeen tre concreteplateau and the railway,where tre nighesi-ot concentrations (n tomparison samples)of":t:.T:I"-d a largernumber parameters: to the ail investigated caomium,zinc, arsenic, fluorine, aromatichydrocarbons (PAH), toiat hydrocarbiliblij:c40) polycyclic alsorecorded high content andnitrophen. Besides, it is oi'r""J,copper, chrome and phosphate (the comparisonto the values from the otherloc.tion.j.'- "'," secondplace in of soilinvestisations 3l"T:,*xfi"?:,,tff,ff:ults fromthe driled materiat it hasbeen ' ln a certainnumber of soil sam.ples,timit valuesare investigatedparameters pr"r.rGd'ov'tne exceededfor some of neg;Liiln on the programme systematicmonitoring of soil quality,inoicatorsiii'risi of the andmethodotosy of estimatefor soildegraoation ' dlvetopmeni;f i"r;;;ipiog';riiu, Mostfrequently, the deviaiion-isietateo to t[" ir.r"ase or contentof some metars(nicker and vanadium in g sampres, heavy total cadmiumin 2 sampres)and hydrocarbons(c1o-c40 in isamples),wr,iJrLconcentration"opp"r "-ni exceededthe remedial at nolocations have ' value; The concentrationof total nitrogen,total phosphates concentrations,albeit - and sulphatesreached high ' theyare no-t standarUized; rangesfrom 6'6 io o'g, which are characteristicsfor a normarsoil "t""*Jjn[11i"

12lFage Fl'*-- t-}J E$xirPl"ehsnrc-:::,:,,,:"T":"Y...'; \r Non-technicarsummary of the EtAstudy on thephosphogypsum storage

Water

Physicaland chemical analysesof groundwaters,surface waters and waste waters were ;:il1l;':i,,1F'p.'tJ!;.:?ffii.?.rt;r,tJ,.,Jj'o?i="i'ro"iiXn"tn"quarity oi*,t",' within the ' The study "ExtendedEnvironmental Fertirizer Investigatioll rHp prahovo, FacJqrv,serbia" r'.rienoio i;;ililJtar _at.Hording AD ' rechnorogy,2008) ; I::fi:'SJ""rt.?istrns,Environmentar.*roroinilip no i,;;;V; ffitut" orpubric ' The Draft-"strategic'Estimateof Environmental regulationfor - the plan of detailed theholding of chemicatiror.i.v ir'i;rahovo,,-(corpJ',rv.lmpact consurting,Designing aio il, rngineering, construction"sET,'Lid.'sabac, 2013). As a partof investigationof environmental factors,the companyfNTERGEo Technologyconducied pt'vsi"ai, cnemical Environmental on the oir6"9roundwalelsampres basisof thoseanalyse.'ii rras b;";;;;;""in"i,H.r-r"mediar "n"iy""l during200g. are exceededwith somesamples foi varuesor rimitvarues samples ftre certain'il;J of parameters. havepH valuesuetr'v6en ss The groundwater limitpH anoz-o,lno sampreshad pH valueof 6'5' lt nas alsob!e-n ascertained "iiivi varueberow the an increaseoconcentration of njhatesin tom" t.tiies, wnitetn" fluorides, ;:'flnitffr"nd .on."niiationof totarphosphorous ranged

Accordingto theobtained results those standardized groundwatersamples do notexceed by the Regulationon- n" poiluta;t-;mlt. remedialvalues groundwaterand sediment! varuesin surfacewaters and andJ""oiin"r toi their,."".ning (oJ citv Instituteof PublicH""ir',-B";'Jr"o ofthe Ros, No. 50/2012). during2012' lt w]l investigationsof sroundwater nerfor.rl"i-""",i,1i"g."i""';;;i;#l'tleot grouilw;io i., orderto deflnewater ir'" the instaredpiezometers in included !!?litv iinv.rc"r,-"n"mi"at'-anarysisti"" the followingparameters: temperatur"., sampres varue,erectricarconouitivity, oryg"n saturation,"i dissolved "itlii"ooxygen, ori"Ji"m"ins,biochemi"Jr pH nitrates,chrorides,^ *vg.n^Surphates, dgman_d (BoD), ammonium, p-!,,oiffi;, materiats,potycyclic^aromatic "^!!gn1grgnai".,'-totirr,vorocaroons fluorides,suspended it4ii;'pirgi,"rOated biphenyts(pCB), total rtfltT:tr"l'^tl^13,?1liffitl"hif,l"n'sinometais'Gs, cd,ns, il,Z,i,'bu, Ni,cr, Ar, on the basis of the obtained resultsof investigationof the the piezometersthe fotowint three groundwatersampres from h;; ;"; ascertainedin ttre ' "in no investigated stuoy: lample concentrationsof the-.investigated valuesofpollutant parametershave fffi:t3,r'ffil,ll,t"t"o'tl r.t"rirr. i" gro""ddt!.iasprescrioeo ' the onlyrecorded deviation is related to exceedingof ammoniumconcentration 2 locationsin relationto at the the u.ir". for llr anJ iv-clT;s_of water, Rurebookon the dangerous accordingto the materiarsin,"t", ioi ortnos, No.31/g2),, The general conclusionof the study on Ex-istingEnvironmental IHP Prahovowhich was prepared conditionsat the Holdingof during.20lioy-io"itionr citv i".iii"te-Hording for public states that contamination,i sor" HearthBelgrade *iir'in in" of rHp prahovo substa ntially im pacted tfre g rou nOwaleiquality. is not Generally' it can be said on the basis of results surrounding of the groundwateranatysis of the ohosphogypsumstorage_t1gm in the No'3'that Toobano'giounowater from the piezometer arenot exceededr'e;;;J;;tr"s standardiz"J ui n"gulationon the po'utantlimit

13 lFage r!:rr' _,_ t-?J EtuirPnhouc-;--' ',.'*''-,- \r Non-technicarsummary of theEtA phosphogypsum studyon the storage

I3yffJ[t#:fiJ!ffiitf sroundwaterandsediments and deadrines rortheir reachins The company INTERGEoEnviront"-l!.1 rech.norogy anafysesof was conductedphysicar, 12watersamptes wrr-icir are named ".ui..",*ters,,during chemical thosewere samples orwastewateri'ir'".9r.i1 2dog,but, in fact, (sws-sw10), in proximity the,drain ;;;;"",,:lq;i ".n"1"iffi, of the newpipeline wastewaterswhich ""n"i ril;J;;lric acioreservoir (sw15) canhave oii""i the and the its recipient- wastewater " lmoact.on o,i.iityo1 *"t". in *," olnuoe River, - tromtne-rl'ctory's or"in n"il"o'i[-aotrr as sroundswaste water corector, il 1i.iF;riil;;;'#iil" *..t"*ri"Itom tne factory (sw13)'Furthermore, theanaivsis-oi presentphosphogypsum srorase belowthe w"t", riomtre oaild R;;;';;5';'"%rmed discharginglocatioi-"ri'n" spiflway (sw3), DanubeRiver' ot ft,"-'pnosphogypsumstorage lt his 6""n ton"ruii"i ftr"t in ir,6 into the samples'has low pH r"ioritv ot the investigated l2wastewater valueru"row pi.oii, ;r]. d#;t# an increasediontentofsutphates ,1l3,Fi:',"T;'iiX$i;,3i;U*l;:li;* [,:.ili:E;number or."'Jr"'. tne incieaseJ on thebasis of theobtained results,con.sidering the varid fegisration water from the storage'sexisting it canbe concrudedthat parameters .ol,yy i-il13;t'in accordance for theclass I andll s'roi' with the defined class,and fllbr" ft,"-*lt"iis onryin rerationto nitrate for phosphatesanO Jl"J!1 .onou"iiui[r.lt'ih" of the ,l thoseparameters ctass.When the arecompared the parametersin ^tV vatuesof mg/l)and sw3 (Po+ sampresswt 1 (po4560 mg/r; No3 3'2 mgtl;No; ; rig/l)with t r u.rr"!'iol 140 No' 6 ms/l)and t:,]lf9l.o,;9 rorr; .ymnressw13 (po+ 0.35 mg/r; standards i'io.I rgfljlt accordins methodology,-thewater trori ttre.pirr*"i ";nL'rr,orhat, to thestream ot inJor!I"n, phosphogypsumstorage on waterqr.litv in tne ilp-#il:". does ;:l.H;rypact the DanubeRiver, for these As for pH value of thewater from the spillway of the phosphogypsum lowerthan the emissionlimitvaiue,ii'riri,;"rd storageit is somewhat woutd to thatparameter be crassifiedin the v.'now_ever: "l'6.;,"Ino "."oroing it downstream "r"". lfr: of water;;;'td;Jnuoe fromthe olsclrarleio."tion. of this"rlrv.i, River, fromthe DanubeRlu."r^i: inoicateothat pH valueof water z.+is*il?"9g_s ei. F#;;;,"fft;L; pH fromthe collector'oH.;z (s2i if varueof the wastewater I 1i';;i iu=z.+ ot tn"'*.i"fir.m the dischargingof the collectoiswa6t"*"t[, DanubeRiver berow the thephosphogypsum rswsia; c"rblr"o, whatis abovethe rocation storag"'1tpiffi'and aforem"ntiol"Jpn of spiilw;'|v vatuesfor sw13 and sw1, it Lfi:1iil?tl:lji."r'j?Jage's does;"i h;;;i;;.ct onthe quarity orwater in the Finally' on the basis of the resultsit collector le.generally said that the wastewater sw1t has the mainitp""t o"lylo ihe quarlty from the the measuring of the *"i", in the DanubeRiver locationswg anl-swJ the sinceat However' water-isctassmeo. in the V class for phosphate. it is observedthat ftre oanuoe_y:!", signm.aniiy consideringthat o'irrt"ir.," toirJJt-orl'r"stewater, the..phosphateconcen-tration is-around-.izi tir". resserin the Danube,s H;flJ:;;L:ffiil;Jfftfig?f'"t"i ts*rrr oi in swrt *"t", (berow *,"inno* orwater

The accredited orqanization,i'e. Institutefor "1"tMay" joint-ltock Qualityof work Environmentand surroundings the companyr,rii, *"._n .r9r1io in orderto investigatq or waterduring the zero state qr;fity'oi;;rironr"nt"t factors."^"ivsis tne iaboratorv- ine similarinvestigations of water fl::";"JJ:i""f:nT ll;Xir?*'"oii"J n'"n"' rromBersraoer *re samprins

14lPage fftxirFr*}rglre Nonlechnicat Summaryof the EtA Studyon the phosphogypsumsforage

Institutefor Qualityof work Environment and surroundings.,,l"tMa.y,, the joint-stock Nis' was performedanalysis or wasiewater company samplesii"ir'11g collector(0467 \AAA/) water samplesfrom the DanubeRiver and the upstream(046g \Mt/) and oo*;.ti".ln (0469 from the wastewaterdischarge tocaiion (oqaz \ A /) \A A/) l; the reportcompiled by Institute Qualityof work Environment-anosuiroundings for it is written:"The estimate of quality with comparisonof the obtaineor".ult. is made on th-"downstream sample from the banube after inflowwastewater from the River, cottectoranoits compietemixing and maximum concentrations'indicators of quality allowable the of ll classir;;, i" whichthe quoted belongsand which is the recipientfiwastewater.,, water course

on the basisof the givenanalysis, the conclusionis thatthe qualityof wastewater the provision from the nure'uook satisfies aP r"wl"iio^'.'ilg.roing the content parametersand therefore,the of pollution wastewaters b" dis;ha;;ed in the quoted "in recipient. we are of an opinionthat the wastewaterfrom the followingparameters: collectoris not of the ll class for the suspendedmaterials, oiocnemicai-orvg"n oxygenconsumed' concentration demand(BoD), chemical of ammoniumions, oeiergents. However, Danube'swater upstream Jo*n.i;il';;;'tilJ'=*Lrt"r.ter the qualityof the according dischargerocation to the results,of the"no ll classexcept is, for suspenJedmaterials. Thus, it can thatwastewater does not infruencethe quar*v be said "r*t"i.i+i"nt. The authorizedand accreditedlaboratory Anhem from Belgrade wastewatersampres, water atso performedanalyses of fromthe anddownstream dischargelocation.(sampling oi il.,tZ.ZO,tZ).l:llqi.-y;;'r;"#"", fromthe The iJ*it, of investigationsindicate concentrationsof the all parameters,". except that suspendedmaterials, BoD, and nitrates samplesfrom the DanubeRiver 100 in the m upstreamand downstreamfrom the inflow water' are below maximalallowable of waste concentrationsprescribed by the Regulation. differencein concentrationsof the The luoteo parametersisiisigniricant and indicate wastewaterfrom the factory does not'substantially that the i.nr".."'ne qualityof the RiverDanube. However'our conclusionis thatthe resultsindicate that valuesfor biochemicaloxygen demand (BoD) the all threesamples are abovethe maximum class' and for lttowaoteconcentration for the ll this parameteithe analyied water b;i;r;;'i"-the n"t somewhathisher ilt ctass(5>BoDs7). In fact, I ff.3illTJ$fi valuethan trJ maximumarowaore-rlle rorthe rl

Thosesamples neitherbelongs to the ll classfor suspended underlinedthat materials,and it oughtto be the Danube'silater 100 m upstreamfrom was not the wastewaterdischarge location of the ll class (56 mg/l), and tirat t'" mateiiais *".i"*"ter (1g0 mg/l) increasedthe [U:i$'.!Hil,,;"0"'ded inthe oanuol's.wii"' oo*nit."r',. ti"i" ii.'1discharse

Finally'if the wasteryler samplesfrom the,collector are_compared the period 2008-2012 which are analyzedduring it is noticed-ir'"i ftr" values or sonL parameters different(for example,pH), are sibstantiary what can oe exptainedwith tne ract that production the complexworked all facilitiesin or not worked in certainperiods. consequenfly, qualityof it had impact on the wastewaterwhich was oiscrrarg:d tn" already t i""ipi"ni, i.e. the DanubeRiver. lt has been mentionedthat tne wastewaterfrom the cotLcior can influencethe qualityof the Danube'swater' However,rno.i tt"quently the oanuoe's water upstreamfrom the wastewaterdischarge location for the collectoi'w;" requiredll ctass, and quantityof the Danube'swater has impact ";;'Jift," the on a greatoiluiion of wasiewateranJ the qualityof the Danube'swater oot"["tr""m as a result, in relationto ftre water qualityupstream from the inflowlocation is not substantiallycfrangeO.

15 lFag*

H l'Fl*.- EltnrPmharc t"?, :.l:.T:,,: Non-technicarsummary \r ::"-:r of theEtA study on thephosphogypsum storage

Air

with depositionof air impurities first of all of particlespollution onto dissolutionand rinsing '*rri"n the soil surfaceand their into the oeepe_rsoit parts can connectionto the quality be broughtinto a direct of air and soii.oepend;;';r ;;ricat properties and its capabilityof dissolution of depositeddust the indirect'conneJtion6"lr""n the surfacewaters, i'e' groundwaters depositedmateriats and can be realized.Fior'in.t aspect,the knowledge qualityrepresents a significantstep of air in tne proce-sor proi""iion of soitinJ ,.i"i quarity. Institute for Technologyof Nuctearand other Raw 2010 (May-september) Materials(lrNMS) was conductedduring investigationsof the_t"ta situated J"b"rited materials.The setflerswere in the surroundingof storagearea, at 14locations on t" distancesfrom 500-2500 m. Duringthe measuringperiod, the deposited materialsonly exceededlimit valuesof mglm2l24hin two oayl.'tne qu"ntityoioissolveJ 300 part varied,depending oftotal deposited maierials .nJ tn""nJ*ii..olvedi"p..".t"o on ffi#illlles dissotvedprJi"". somewhat

During2012' city Institutefor PublicHealth, Belgradewas conductingsampling of ambient air for requirementsof the definitionof zero-staL-"itn"lo""tion Prahovoand in of the primaryschool in no caseoccurred exceeding of the rimitvarues.

7. DESCRIPTIONOF POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS OF THE PROJECT The construction o{ phosphogy.psum.storage lndustry I" .new in the holdingof Elixir prahovo, of chemicalProducts ito', *itnlii its characte-risti"., environment' influe-nceon the qualityof The successfutnessof eachsolutio^ i; ""n and th;;;;ain of environmentalprotection improvementof environmentimplies comprehensive possible considerationand definitionof all impacts'Accordingly, it is always set possible as a prioritythe obligationof definitionof impactsin relationto the basi6 environmentaimedia such as: air, water, climate,flora, fauna, landscape, etc- soil, The analysisof environmentalimpacts is connectedfor the requirements into considerationpotential of this projecttakes effects wrricrraie anticipatedon the basis implementationof the BestAvailable "nuironmentalTechnologi".- of development rdnii'i"-the designingstage and project and th9. Besj..Management. P-ractiie. construction teMpl which are apptied during and operationof the new-phosphogypsumstorage. The environmental effectsare classifiedin the followingway: ' Physicarsurrounding - soir (physiography,..georogy anctsoir), water (surfaceand underg rou nd resources),a i r (ciim'ate, li r quar i{, . ano-rioise) ; Naturalenvironment _ aqueousand earth han,tatq- ' socio-economicenvironment - the existing .no r.pt"nn"d utilizationof land and resourcesand economicactivities related to ii culturalenvironment - archeological, culturalcharacteristics and inheritancewhich includes any locationsor culturalasset oihistorical importance ilil could be physicallyexposed to the projectimpact. This potentialtype ot impactis;;i information ;;;;.ted, on the basis of avaitabte and wiil not be furthertiien intoconsideration.

16lFage l?ll'-- . - f4'r Eilxtflrrln&ra \-,-rir,,",:. ,::,,T Non-technicarsummar of theEtA study on thephosphogypsumstorage

Analysisof impactson air quality

suspendedparticles which concentrations,under certainconditions valuesprescribed for populated can be above limit areas.representa significant,potential creationof a dispersivephase dangerfor air. The in air in tre wo*ing is connecteo lesserextent w*h the at to a greateror designingtecrrnorogi";if";;;;( ";il;;;;"rt pnases. The characteristicssources of air pollution with s.uspendedparticles are: a point (loaders'bulldozers), an pollution sourcepolution air tinesource (the roadsin tne industrial surfaeeson whichare performed complex),surface (the activitiesin ftroitorage lno oirpor"l site).The primary includemining and construction equipment sources in operatio"n,wnL the secondarysources activesurfaces wtrich under impact includeall biwtno a no"tingL.tion fromthe "ritln "ir depositeddust. The total intensityof air pollution with suspendedparticres greaily depend conditions'which averages on meteorological thatoccasionally, in di p;t;;;.luring the year potentialpofluter of it can representa air in the environmentw-here actiuities are performed. In the study on the environmental. impactsof the prolect of development phosphogypsumstorage in the of the industrialcomplex oi ti" companyELlxlR pRAHovo INDUSTRYoF CHEMICALPRoDuErs rro.'piniovb, impacts ro,.anarysis and estimate of of the techlglgqv-oroevetopment of the standa rd E pA new ,tor"g" on air pollutionwas used the moder(Us Environr"nt" i Fiot";i;; ru;lvi ne n r,,r oo The quantificationof PM10particulate ma.ttgfemissions, i.e. of the factorsof for variousactivities in the process dustemissions or siod

Figure5 showsthe distribution.ofdaily average (pg/mt) concentrationof suspendedparticles pMlo around the industrial-"orir"" of-the rt.g;'i of the developmentof the phosphogypsumstorage in. the complex p"rihovo of Elixir Ltd. prahovo'foi anatyzed meteorologicalconditions. The analysiswas conductedfor conditionsin whichexist 5 sources:the two surfacesource,s (thL phosphog}rfrur dust rtorag", the ash dump)and the three volumesources (loader, hydraulic excavator an-d'unro"Jing-rtr truck)under conditions in whichare notapplied dedusting ,""rrro. "

The contourlines of dustparticles PM'10 concentrationspresented in Figure5 clearlyindicate that can be expectedimpact of dust in the..areaaround implementation of works on storage of phosphogypsum,because of the overallactivities. tn ir,!1ro"der area around complexdust particlesPM10 industrial concentration..ro.t"nii"ttfoecrease from phosphogypsumstorage) 267 pg/m3(the to 50 pg/m3in the industriarborder area zone. The distributionof dailyaverage concentration of suspendedparticles pM10 (pg/m.)around the industrialcomplex of the Jtagez of the oevetoprf,enioiti.,"phosphogypsum srorage in

lTlFage lTrl'* - I*!nt -:lllBnllfFf|Itsm " \r ;";.7,;:.,,:.,YNon-technicat summary of the EtAstudy on the phosphogypsumstorage

the complexof Elixir PrahovoLtd. Prahovg presented f9r. anatyzedmeteorological conditions in Figure6' The analysiswas is conductedfor 6onJition,in which6 exist: the three surfacesources (the phosptrogypsum dust sources dump)and the three vorum."..orr"".'ii;il;"t;ii"rri". ,iorrg" of stage 1 and 2, the ash truck) andunroading underconditions inwhich .;;;i ippriedilff;il,;sures. "itavator froma

Fig'SThe distrib^ution of daily averageconcentration of particles pM10 (pg/m3) phosphogypsumstorage in thedevelopri*1111s" aroundthe r *itnout-"piti-cationof methods and procedures fordust protection The contour linesof dustparticles PM 1o concentrations presented that can in Figure6 clearlyindicate be expectedimpact or uust in tne,.areaaround of phosphogypsum, implementationof works on storage becauseof tne overattactivities. in'itr'"-urorder complex particles area aroundindustrial dust PM10 concentratioi,-.,ryq;lanii"lty-o""r"ase phosphogypsumstorage) from 277 pgtms(the to 50 pghtin th" industrialborderareazone.

Fig'6 The distributionof dailyaverage concentrationof particlespM10 (pg/m3)around phosphogypsumstorage in the develop'ri"ni the rt"g" 2 without'appri"Jionof methodsand procedures for dustprotection

18lFage l-rl*.- t*','f El0llf Ffgnsta :,:r':-:,:::.,-T.x Non-technicarsummary \r of the EtA studyon the phosphogypsumsforage

In orderto betterestimate air.quality for particles the purposeof distributionof concentration PM10for variousactivities in the pr9"u.. of industrialcomplex ot-ptrospnogypsumdisposal in the ofthe company etxir erahovo rtJ. Frano-uowas the developmentstage g. conductedthe analysis of of irreprrospnogypsum slorage. The distribution concentrationof suspendedparticles'PM-io of Jairvaverage trrghij ;;rl the industriatcomplex stage3 of the develo.pmentoi tne phosphogye}lr of the .t*#'in tr" complexof Etixirprahovo Ltd' Prahovofor analitlze.dmeteorologi.lr diioition.l" was pie"Lnt"oin Figure7. The anatysis conductedfor conditionsin whic-h7 dust.orr.". phosphogypsumstorage tnreelurrace sources lthe of stage1 , 2 and3, the ..r, orrpl"riii-tn" and the three (loader'hydraulic excavator and volumesources unioadingfiom r trr.k) ;;iJer conditionsin appliedprotection dedusting measures. whichare not

Fig'7 The distrib-utionof averagedaily concentgtigl particlespM10 phosphosypsumstorase in of (pg/m3)around the thedevIlorg,.,:,,:,tj#j[*"#i,,"o",,on or nilir,ooi anlproceoures

The contourlines of dust particlesPMl0,concentrations presentedin Figure7 clearlyindicate that can be expectedimpact of dust inlne..area il;;il&mentatioi of works on storage of phosphogypsum,because of the overallactivities. ln th-ebroader area around complexdust particlesPM10 industrial concentrations.suoitaniiattfo""reaserrom-sa] phosphogypsumstorage) pg/m3(the to 50 pg/mrin the inoustriarborder area zone. on the basisof the analysis of distributionof suspendedparticles pMlo emitted technologicalprocess of from the .phosphogypsuTstorage in the'complexof prahovo Prahovocan be concluded Elixir Ltd. ftratis aietiatle estimite tnai in tie area (residentialbuildings pranovo) of the nearestreceptors in the village emissionsof suspendedparticles prescribedlimits of S0 pg/m3. will notexceed

Duringoperation of motor with internalcombustion wiil be emittedthe carbonmonoxide (co), followingpollutants: carbon_dioxide(9or), nitrogenoxLJs (No,), surphur volatileorganic comp.ounds dioxide(sor), (Vocs), atolrrydes,.o6t, ut.. n"ving in relativelysmall pollution mindthat it is abouta emission,determination of g"i ;on""ntra1on practicalimportance' fieldsdoes not have The impactzones are of tocatci"iacterl i.". area immediately ft,"y are relatedto a small aroundthe pollutionsource and, most frequenfly, workingenvironment. are spreadwithin the

19 lFage trF!*"- tfixlfPlilrfiro l*'l Non-technicarsummary \fl -1ffii :.,r,:"--,,,;: of theEtA studyon the phosphogypsumsforage

Analysisof impactsof noiseand vibrations

Possibleoccurrences of unfavorable impactsof excessivenoise in working environments existin the all phasesof operationon the disposal rnoi.g" of mineralraw materialsand other materials'The sourcesof noise "no are constructionmaChines for transport and ancillaryworks: drilling machines with comjrer.oir, lo"oers,'- bulldozers,"r""u"tion,trucks, tanker trucks,as well as crushers,mills, classifying .ar""^r, "t,r' The dangerfrom noxiousimpacts of vibrationonly exist in somephases constructionmachines duringoperation of andit is onryconnected wit-h the workrng envrronment. A certain numberof methodshas been.developed for prediction large' of noise which occurs at opensites' The Britishstandard Noise conirol (1997) on aJnstructionand open sites part 1 containsthe methodfor estimationof an equivalenicontinual (Leq- A-ponderation). levetof noisein decibels

The estimationof whichoriginates i:T l"Y."l from activitieson phosphogypsumstorage was implementedwith the applicationof trtiisetrrtap-siteNoise model.The modelis basedon the Britishstandard sz|l; 1, 1984,Noise lrt bontrolon-construction and open sites. The modelincludes the followingsources of noise: 1' Floatingpump dB(A),situated in the middleof the transfers I65 cassette,on a pontoon,it waterfrom the cassetteinto the p"ripr'oJ lanat; 2' Hydraulicexcavator 75 dB(A),it operateson formationof the embankment stageof cassetteimmuring; in the 3' Pumpingstation 60 dB(Ai - it returnscollected water in the peripheralcanal factory-the watercycle. to the

It has been modeiledthe deveropment stage3 0f the phosphogypsumstorage), when works on phosphogypsumstorage the are at elevation'+64 Accordingto topography, elevationsof the villagePrahovo ting"i from I. 60 to oi masi stages 1 and 3 have not been modelledsince in those casesworks are furtherrror n" iesidentialbuildings. considering that the sourcesof in thosestages ,noi,se are the same as in the stage3, it is realisticto expectthe samenoise levels in theirsJrroundings, and tne outainedouilines of noisewould be movedtoward the eastfor the moved operations.A excavatoris situatedin the side faces the settlement'i.e. the which atl sourcesare in the modelledmoment nearest residentialbuildings in to the the immediatesurroundings of the inJustriarcomprex. the phosphogypsumstorage is situated P1nt" withinthe industrialzone, the allowablenoise levelat the borderof this zone is-notallowed to exceedftre rrmitvalue of the zonewith which is bordered'In the concretecase, the industrial=on" ooio"rs with the zone 3, the setflement,so thatthe adopted residentiat timitsfor o.ayano evl;ir;;; 55 dB, i.e.45 dA Auring As it can be seenin Figure8, a reliable night. estimateis that tn-enJise connected with activities storagewill not haveimpact on fil#Tr?ffiT on the n!"o.t residentialbuildings in the

The estimateof noise presented. ..level, in Figure g, indicatesthat in phosphogypsumstorage the area of the noise levels.bg..ug z5 Jetn)',""n o" expected. noisein this part The fact is that of the.indrtsl6s; complex will havetirst 6t Ji, impact locationof implementation on the workersat the of works- *oit"r" ano operatoirlb"""r"" protectionmeasures of that,corresponding have to be undertaken(construction or personal in order prevent protectionmeasures) to unfavorabreimpact of noiseon tn" Lmpto-yees.

20 lFage EbdrPreharcrf Erw* tJJ T-w Non-technicatsummary f of theEIA studyon the phosphogypsumstorage

Fig.8The estimate of noiserevers around the phosphogypsum storage The danger of noxious impacts of vibration.exists only in some phases of construction machinesoperations and is only connectedwit-h workingenvironment. In requiredto regularlyconduct l.he thatsense, it is mlasurementsof vibrationrev"el during operation and implementrequired of equipment protectionmeasures for operatorsas requireo. Analysis of impacts on the quarity of surface waters and groundwaters The estimationof wastewaters impactfrom the complexEtixir prahovo Ltd. prahovo, qualityof surfacewaters and groundwaters, on the the Danubeni*r, whichis ctassineoaccording to the Rulebookon benchmJrkconditions for types of .rrr""" waters (oJ of Ros, No. 6712011)in the largelowland rivers, domination jelosit (Type1), and accordingto the Rulebookon the parametersof chemical 9,f;fir; ano quantitaiiv!status of groundwaters(oJ of Ros' No' 7412011)in the classll for limitvalues Aiirit varue and maxima'ialtowautevalue) pollutantsdefined by the Regulation of on the pollutantlimits in surfacewaters and groundwater and sedimentsand deadlinesfor theirreaching (oJ of tne Ros, No. 50/2012),is basedon the resultsof physicaland chemical analys-esoiwater presentedin section5.4 of this study, with a combinedapproach of streamand effluentstanoaros. In orderto estimatethe impact of the futurephosphogypsum storage, first of all,on groundwaters (and soil),herein is underlined that the soiution..itii'p"t"J'in 'have t'" conceptualdesign provide protectionof soiland groundwater. The newstorage will hydroinsulation on the bottomand internalsides,while water will be usedin production the processas returnwater. on the basisof the data from terms of referenceand the dati from ih; R;il;n investigationof technicatand geotechnicalcharacteristics of phosphogypsum (Facuttyo? nniningand Geology,university of Belgrade,Juty 2013),.it has geen gooptei that in the;;;;; of continuaroperation, 70 t of gypsumwill. bond 50 t (m3) lggosite! oi waterand, according to tf," massbalance from around 210m" of waterfrom the storagearound 160m3 wiil oe retuii *"t"r. tt virtuallyaverages that on the newstorage will not be anysurplus of water.

21 lPag* lTrl -. . - I*'.t Eryrrlil'|ea Non-technicat \FZ ;.":;.:.,:::-;r summaryof theEtA studyon the phosphogypsumsforage

on the basisof the presented it can be estimatedthat the futurephosphogypsum not haveany impa.cto1 the grounowater.of storagewill the compi"r ai"it prahovoit-o]"pr"r,ouo. cases of some industrialaccidents, only in bursting tne Fiperil" o,.damage of hvdro insurationof the future pt,osp,togvds;r-rt;;;,",,"r the liner used for groundwaters ,. po."i6L-p,rfti"," quarityof would correspondto the qGtity of groun"o:water or to those quarities frbm tn" pilr"reter 3 (2012) deteciedduring zooe ;rou;J there il;-;;."rt phosphogypsumstorage, is free water i: .l"o'6: Fgr if !!" ,r"y tho;;-s;;;n[*"t"r, it is ascertainedthat were not exceededremedial values standardized there values ilrit ft'" Regulationon the pollutantlimit in surface,wa!9r:and groundwaterand (oJ sedimeni..no deadlinesroi their reaching of the Ros' No' 50/2012l."nttoiir," **itr9r quality iir"'iinerine,it courdcorrespond to the of waterfrom the spillwayof the_pres.entphosphojyp.u, said storage,for which it can be accordingto the streamstlndards method'ology water ft,ii'0o", not iiRuenceihe qualityor in the recipient,i.e. the DanubeRiver nor gror"ni*"I"r".

Analysisof impactson the soil quality

consideringthat it belongs to limitednaturalresources which are hardlyrenewabte, disturbanceof soil represents occupationand the mostimportant conflict of the industry stagedevelopment with the sunounding.The of the.newphosphogypsum storage has been planned industrialcomplex' Thus, at the locationof the the stige f incirioestre oegiadeJ around dump' the area the existingpyrite burns wtrichis ttr,e,caori,oanys propertv wtrile ttre stages"1"" areawhich Erixir prahovo prairou6 2 and 3 imply utilizationof the Ltd. *tit prr"r..,l* iid;";;."nt owners. i AERMODmodel (US EnvironmentalProtection Agency)was used for evaluationof dust depositionin functionof distributionot deposition m;ttJ;t area the phosphogypsumstorage. obtained resultsare averagedaily deposition.values (mg/m, day) for definedemission sourcesand receptors'lt shouldbs mentioned that trese niooelsincluded terrain elevation. Datafrom the period2010-2013 ,r"J ror meteororogi.Ji.onoition.. "r" g Figure shows the,dishibution of dep.ositio.nparticles (mg/m2 dan) around the industrial complexof the developmentstage t of prroipnogypsJm ftre storagein the complexof Elixir Prahovo,Industry of chemicar pioducts Ltd. for .li"rvilli"nditions. The depositionparticles at the levelof maximalallowable value of 450 mg/m2per locatedin the areaof the.phosphogypsum day are storage,-depositioni.e. within the boundariesof the industrial complex'so that it can be concluded that.the particresdue to activitieson storagewill not exceed limit values the lilfi:TrtJf#J i; theiea orresidentiat buitoings inthe

The distributionsof deposition particles per day) aroundthe industrialcomptex developmentalstages 2 and fnotmt of the 3 of the phosph"evn",ir .toillJ'iiirp comptexof Etixirprahovo Prahovofor analped meteorological Ltd. conditionsare presented in Figures10 and 11. The depositionparticles at the levelof maximalallowable value of 450mg/m2per locatedin the day are areaoj phosphogypsumstorage, i.e. within the boundaries compfex,in llt" of the industrial case of the stagesi- and 3 of th]e'.tor"g; J"veropment, concluded so that it can be thatthe depositionparticles due to activitieson the phosphogypsum notexceed storagewill limitvalues in the areaof residentialbuildinjsin thl vittageprahovo. The soil qualityin the area of the industrialcomplex of Elixirprahovo Ltd. prahovopresented section6 herein,to great in extentsupport the conductedestimate of impactof depositionparticles and the statementthat impactcan' be expectedin the area oi tn" phosphogypsumstorage, i.e.

22 lPage 'ryrwsf Non-technicatsummary ofthe EtA studyon the phosphosypsumsrorage withinthe boundariesof the industrial complex.lt is.required to performdetailed soil investigations outsidethe industrialcomplex for morecomprehensiu" irn"rysi. 5no reatizationof impacts.

Fig'9 The distributionof depositionparticles mglm2per day)around the industrialcomplex of the developmentstage 1 of the phosphogypsum storagewithout application of methodsand proceduresfor dustprotection

Fig'10The distributionof depositionparticles mglm2per day)around the industrialcomplex of the developmentstage 2 phosphogypsum of the stoiagewiinout application of methodsand proceduresfor dustprotection

23 lP*ge Non-technicalSummary of theEtA Study on thePhosphogypsumsforage W m$q*

Fig.l1The distribution of deposition particles mg/m2 per day) around the industrial complex of the developmentstage 3 of thephosphogypsum storage without application of methodsand proceduresfor dust protection

The impact of process, i.e. phosphogypsumstorage on change of the landscape characteristics,in a senseof morphologicalchanges of the terrain,implies formation of the storageof certainsize. During implementation of workson the phosphogypsumstorage at the observedlocation will be unavoidablyoccupied the presentsurfaces, what will condition changeand disturbance of morphologicaland esthetical characteristics of the existingnatural ambient.Considering that the characterand scope of the designedworks is suchthat it is not possibleto restorethe originalmorphological appearance lt is planner'sobligation that with the technologicalprocess of storage,i.e. the activitieson disposalof phosphogypsumand technicalrecultivation develop the storage'sfinal geometricaloutline in the way that newly formedspace is adjustedin a functionaland estheticalsense as muchas possibleto the existingnatural ambient.

Withthe estimateof impactof the phosphogypsumstorage on landscapecharacteristics in the domainof vegetationit is valuedthe vegetation'svisual and biologicalquality, having in mind changes of appearance.For the disposal technologyand formation of the phosphogypsumstorage change of the landscapeoccurs due to unavoidablechanges of vegetationin the surroundingarea.

Analysisof impactson residents'health

The estimateof impactson residents'health can be performedwith the implementationof the modelcompatible with the WHO procedures,which consists of thefollowing steps: . identiflcationof issue: . identificationof danger; . identificationof doseand effectsof negativeimpacts; . estimateof expositionfor the relevantpopulation; . characterizationof the risk.

24 lPage Non-technicatSummar of theEtA Study on thePhosphosypsumstorase w mtft*f

The fundamentaldangers for residents'health as a consequenceof activitieson the phosphogypsumstorage are mineraldust, noise and wastewaters.The causesof possible adverse impacts and occurrenceof related health problemsare, first of all, inadequate monitoringand controlof air pollutionand noiselevels, absence or inadequateequipment and instrumentmaintenance as well as luck of awarenessabout possibledangers for people'shealth.

Withinthe study,for estimateof the risksof the projectfor healthof local residents,will be singledout and analyzedpossible impacts of dust,noise and dischargeof wastewater.The identificationof dangersand estimateof impactintensity is presentedunder items 6.2.3 and 6.3.3 herein.lt is requiredto be underlinedthat the residentsin the village Prahovo, northwestfrom the industrialcomplex of ElixirPrahovo Ltd. Prahovo(the total numberof residentsis 1,197)can be exposedto suchimpacts during implementation of miningworks at the excavationsite in caseof the southeastwind.

The estimateof impactsof suspendedparticles and noise on local residents'health is performedwith the applicationof the methodologicalconcept developed within Pollution Preventionby Designin PacificNorthwest National Laboratory (2003, by US Departmentof Energy).According to the quotedmethodological concept, the level risk (R) of individual impactcriterion is definedas the productof impactscope of the appliedtechnology (l) and probabilitycategory of impactoccurrence (P), i.e. R = | x P.

Withinthe quotedmethodological concept, the categoriesof impactoccurrence (P) are valuedthrough three categories: no impact(0), smallimpact (1) and greatimpact (2). The level of individualrisk from certainactivi$ from the analyzedtechnological process is determinedthrough the followingdifferentiated categories: negligible risk (0), smallrisk (2), moderaterisk (2) and greatrisk (4).

In case of the emissionof suspendedparticle during implementationof works on the phosphogypsumstorage, the levelof riskfor localresidents is R = 1 x 1 = 1.That estimate points out to the small risk. In case of noise level during operationof used equipmenton the -- phosphogypsumstorage, the levelof riskfor localresidents is R = 1 x 1 1. The estimatealso pointsout to the smallrisk from the increasednoise level in the surroundingof the site.In caseof the uncontrolleddischarge of wastewaterfrom the phosphogypsumstorage's area the levelof riskfor localresidents is R = 2x 1= 2. The estimatepoints out to a moderaterisk.

Analysisof impactson flora,fauna and ecosystems

At the site of phosphogypsumstorage in the industrialcomplex of ElixirPrahovo Ltd. Prahovo there are no recordedrare plant communities,nor rare animal species and also, some susceptibleecosystems are notidentified. In thatsense, it doesnot occurany significantimpacts on floraand fauna, except the onesalready quoted in thatsection of the Study.

Socialand economicimpact

Approximately,15 workerswill be requiredfor implementationof workson the phosphogypsum storage.The companyElixir Prahovo Ltd. Prahovo requires operators of heavymechanizations, mechanics,process operators, administrators and others.The certainnumber of workers,for the quotedjobs, is recruitedfrom the localcommunity, while for the specifictechnological operations will be hiredmore experienced workers from the otherareas. In this way, the requirementsfor workerswill haveimpact on the infrastructureof localcommunity.

25 lPage ffiirFrgftel$ Non-technica!Summary of the EIAStudy on the PhosphogypsumSforage I ai:/l i i-i:.itii ilr:, ::ii:;ri:

8. ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENTIN THE CASE OF ACCIDENT

The EIA Study containsthe presentationof dangerousmaterials, their quantitiesin the relationto the projectfor which is preparedthe Environmentallmpact AssessmentStudy. The subjectof this Studyis the storage,i.e. the processof phosphogypsumstorage. In that sense,the questionis raisedwhether phosphogypsum is a dangerousmaterial, i.e. whether it oughtto be observedas such in the processof definitionof potentialaccidents.

The Law on Amendmentsof the Law on EnvironmentalProtection, adopted in the National Assemblyof the Republicof Serbiain May2009, in accordancewith recommendations of the Sevaso Directive(ll), definedthe Sevaso plant. lt is the plant in which are performed activitiesin whichis presentor can be presenta dangerousmaterial in the equalor higher quantitiesof the prescribedones. In accordancewith it, Ministryof Environmentand Spatial Planningof the Republicof Serbiaidentified the plantswhich are underobligations of the SevasoDirective (ll) and publishedthe preliminarylist of thoseplants (14 May2009). In that list,under No.46 is IHPPrahovo - FertilizersLtd.

The fact that phosphogypsumought not to be regardedas a dangerousmaterial is supported withthe contentof the Rulebookon the list of dangerousmaterials and theirquantities and criteriafor definitionof the documenttypes which compilethe operatorof the Sevasoplant, i.e.the complex(OJ of RoS,No. 4112010).With this Rulebookthe listof dangerousmaterial andtheir quantities and the listof dangerclasses and limitquantities of dangerousmaterials is prescribed,which are printedwith this Rulebookand are its integralpart. Phosphogypsum is notmentioned as a dangerousmaterial in them.

Hazardsldentification

The identificationof hazardsincludes identification of criticalpoints, i.e. locationsin the processor the plantwhich representthe weakestpoints or possiblesources of hazardfrom the aspectof possibleaccidents.

As a potentialaccident is imposedan eventualdestruction of peripheralembankments which enablesformation of the phosphogypsumstorage. There are severalpossible reasons for unfoldingof suchscenario: . Mistakesin the formationof peripheralembankments, as a consequenceof non- compliancewith the designsolutions for formationof the storage; . Failureof the pumpsfor returnwater, what would causethe occurrenceof excessive water on the surfaceof some stages of the phosphogypsumstorage and eventual decayand breach of peripheralembankments; and . Externalsources of accidents,as potentialdangerous ones can be singledout abundantprecipitations, eventual flooding of the DanubeRiver or earthquake.

Possibleaccident leveland risk assessment

The possiblelevel of accidentis definedon the basis of the width of affectedarea and the analysisof vulnerability,and it is expressedas l, ll, lll, lV and V level of accident(the Rulebookon the contentof policyof accidentprevention and contentand methodologyfor the compilingof reportson safetyand the plan for accidentprevention, (OJ of RoS, No. 41t2O1O).The analysisof vulnerabilityimplies identification of vulnerablefacilities in the surrounding,within the vulnerableareas.

Fromthe aspectof phosphogypsumstorage, and on the basisof the estimateof the width of the vulnerabilityzone and the analysisof vulnerability,it can be concludedthat is only

26 lP*ge tfq,mpf Non-technicatsummaryof the EtA Study on thePhosphogypsumsforage W

realistic,in case of the quotedpotential accident, to expectI and ll levelof accident.The consequencesof accidentwould be, first of all, limitedon the part of facilityin which is performedstorage, what consequentlyleads to the conclusionthat it would not have any directconsequences for the entirecomplex.

On the basisof the low probabilityof an accidentwith consequencesof littleimportance or withoutimportance, can be concluded,from the aspectof assumedaccidental situation, i.e. the failure of the peripheralembankments of the phosphogypsumstorage, the risk is negligible.

Preventionmeasures and proceduresin the caseof an accident

The preventionof accidentis the set of measuresand proceduresat the level of facility,the complexand the broadercommunity which have for the objectiveprevention of the accident, reductionof probabilityof accidentoccurrence and minimizationof consequencesthe Rulebookon the contentof policyof accidentprevention and contentand methodologyfor the compilingof reportson safeg and the planfor accidentprevention, (OJ of RoS, No. 4112010).On the basisof this, it is not difficultto concludethat preventionmeasures are thosewhich in case of this project reducea potentialrisk of accidentalsituation to the leastpossible measure.

In connectionwith this project,prevention of possibleaccidents as well as preventionand reductionof eventualconsequences are boiled down to the following: ' The measureswhich are anticipatedand realizedwith the designingand construction of the facility; . The measureswhich are anticipatedand realizedwith the selectionof technological equipment,the equipmentfor processmanagement and other technical equipment; . The measureswhich are anticipated in the securitysystem; . The measures which are anticipatedwith the objective of staff training for managementand respondsto the accident,what presuppose educating people about potentialaccidental situations and measuresfor their preventionas well as for rehabilitation; . Forcesand technicalaverages planned and providedfor preventiveaction and responseto the accident.

9. DESCRIPTION OF MEASURES FOR PREVENTION, REDUCTION AND REMEDIATIONOF ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS

The projectprovides air protectionin severalsteps: . lt has beenselected the sitefor storagein whichis suchwind rosethat eacheventual air pollutiondoes not affectthe populatedsettlements; . Aroundthe storageis anticipatedformation of a powerfulwindprotection belt, of 25 m widthup to over50 m, in whichwill be plantedsuitable trees; ' The initialperipheral embankment will be made from coarse-grainedand properly rolled materialfrom the borrowingsource so that elevationof dust is not expected regardlessof the intensityand wind direction; ' A smallsize of retentionarea of the storageconditions that the dischargelocations oughtto be frequentlychanged in orderto providebalanced filling of the space.

Forwater protection the followingmeasures are undertaken: . lt has beenselected the site nearthe factory,i.e. there are no surfacewater courses in the area:

2TlFage t.?f EfuirPmhwo Non-technicalSummary of theEtA Studyon the PhosphogypsumSforage lt :rrtijriii{,:::1:!ir.;i i:.!a ;;ii!

. The bottomand internalslopes of the storageare hydroinsulated with installationof a geomembrane(liner) made of high-densitypolyethylene (HDPE); . it is closeda cycleof industrialwaterin the way that the entirewater from the storage, drainagewatei as well as water from the settlingpond is collectedin the specially designld pumpingstation and from there is deliveredto the phosphoricacid factory for reuse; . Consideringthat there is virtuallyno catchmentarea from which water would be collectedinto tne tack it is relativelyeasy to close the water balancebetween the storageand the factory,since there is alwaysbasic technological water thosewater whichreturn from the storageas returnwater, and the quantityof that wateris always Iesserthan the quantityof the requiredwater; , Aroundthe storageaie constructedthe peripheralprotection canals which ought to prevententrance-of water from the surroundinginto the storageand its mixturewith watersfrom the storage. pollution. The protectionof soil is performedalso indirectly,with protectionof soil and air from Namely,water and air are main pollutiontransporters around the surrounding,and precipiiitionand other meteorologicalevents condition that air pollutionsare depositedonto ihe soil,there are scooped with water and further distribute around the surrounding.

An adverseimpact of excessivenoise in the workingenvironments exists in the all stagesof formationand utilization of the phosphogypsumstorage'

ln that sense,preventive measures from the aspectof environmentalprotection include: . the controlof noise level within the chemicalcomplex, i.e. the phosphogypsum storageand eventual surrounding residential buildings; ' the reductionof noiseat individualplants and machines; protection, . applicationof the acousticproteciion with installationof a greenbeltfor physicalbarriers and fences, if required;Formation,of a greenbeltfor requirementsof protectionof surroundingair and soilwill greatlyinfluence the qualityof environment fromthe asPectof noise. need The employeeeducation is very importantin the contextof awarenessof workersabout the effectsfor for reductionof noiselevels to the valuesdefined by the regulationsand aboutnoxious people'shealth due to exposureto an excessivenoise. lt is also importantstaff training in the and fieldof equipmentmaintenance, i.e. in properoperating condition, as well as requirements methodsif ir." of personalprotection equipment (PPE) for protectionfrom noise. storedmass Aftercompletion of disposalof phosphogypsuT,will be.performed sealing of the is successive which cannotbe sold on the marketin-ifre foreseeable future. The sealing with..theactivities sinceit can be only sealedthose partswhich are not physicallyconne.cted of the deposited from the following.t"g"; The closureimplies a compleiehydro insulation internal mass,i.e. cover liners"are joined with the line installedon the storage'sbottom.and from damagewith itop"'of the peripheralembankment and protectionof the cover liner of ifre orainagelayer from the graveland coarse-grainedinert material layers' "pfjti""tion protectionmeasures It oughtto be said that with the undertakenand quotedenvironmental and coexistenceof closedthe processwrrrcrr ought to providesafe utilizationof the storage for operation and the residents in the surrorlndingareas and vital facilities required subsistenceof the chemicalcomplex'

28 lFage *. LU EedrhdtWa Non-technicatsummaryof the EtA Studyon thePhosphogypsum Sforage \ly ir'..r:.i,r rliiii t'.iir':r;: ryilrlr

10.ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS MONITORING PROGRAMME

For an early detectionof adverseenvironmental impacts it is requiredto developthe monitoringsystem for the storageand the surroundingarea. This monitoring system ought to enableeJtimate of the scopeand intensityof pollutionand possibledamages in orderto undertakemeasures in a duetime to preventpollution, i.e. prevention of a widerpollution or a successfulrehabilitation of the observedand recordedpollution.

A reliableenvironmental monitoring system in the area of the phosphogypsumstorage consistsof the followingstePs: o the identificationof pollutionsources and parameters(type and dimensions); (in . the selectionof environmentalparameters for whichare conductedmeasurements spaceand time); . determinationof criticalareas; . collectionof data,analysis and estimate. pollutantemissions With the proposed'area environmental monitoring system will be monitored from the where will be stored phosphogypsumand immissionsfrom the several locationsin the surroundingin order to define the impacts of activitiesin the stalk with coveringof thefollowing environmental entities: . the quality of surfacewaters and groundwatersand occurrenceof potentialtoxic materials: . airquality; . soilquality. of The proposedenvironmental monitoring system ought to contributeto the establishment proceduiefor the estimateof environmentilimpacts caused by activitiesin the stalk,as well as for the environmentalprotection status. lt has been estimatedthat establishmentof such systemis realisticand that the developmentof this systemwill enablean efficientmonitoring showsthe in ttre area of the phosphogypsumsiorage and in the surroundings.Figure 12 samplingin the locationadjacent to the stalk.

At the selectedlocations are recommendedmeasurements in mobilelaboratories. Together with the estimateof immissionsof air pollution,ought to be measuredmeteorological velocity) elements(air temperatures, pressure, cloudiness, precipitations, wind directionand ice) which and recordmeteoro6iical events (fog, clouds,rain, snow, dew, frost, hoar,black influence pollution disPersion. qualityin the The proposedair qualitymonitoring system will enablerecording of the air risksfor surroundingof the pnosinogypsumltoiage,with the objectiveof estimateof health peoplewho areexposed to air pollution. quality water in piezometers water qualitymonitoring -otincludes monitoring of levels and of were formed which encircletne site t'" future phosphogypsumstorage, 4 piezometers harmonizedwith during March 2014. lt is requitedtnat iam-pling,sample storageare oughtto be standards,and in the all caseswhen it is noi coveredwith Serbianstandard are tdO and EU standards(sampling, sample storage, preservation of samples "ppfi"Ocovered by ISO Standardsfrom Group5667)' by Republic The qualityof a surfacewater course,i.e. the DanubeRiver, is monitored to monitor its ffyOrometeorologicalService of Serbia and, therefore,it is not anticipated qualityas a partof the monitoringof the areaaround the storage.

29 lPage thrirPmhary* Non-technicatSummary of the EIAStudy on the PhosphogypsumStorage r; i:.:-l!,:i..j..i.i ir', =::ll,i:::i

The locationof the storageis surroundedwith the industrialcomplex from the northside and agriculturalland from the othersides.

The samplingought to be performedoutside the grounds,up to 500 m from the site of the storagein directiontoward a populatedsettlement. Samples ought to be taken from arable and jultivatedland. Composiie samples which consist of a greaternumber of subsamples oughtto be taken.

r8s6g0

Fig.12SamPling zones

The objectiveof investigationis monitoringof changesand eventualincrease or reductionof the concenirationsof the lnalyzed elementi in relationto the state before opening of phosphogypsumstorage. On the taken soil samplesought to be determinedcontent of radionuclides.

It has been proposedthe adaptive monitoringsystem in order to achieve an efficient environmentalmonitoring. provided Monitoringought to be establishedwith truckingdown at leastthose parameters in years it this Studli.AftLr monitoring-auditingis established and parametersare monitoredfor several of is required,through the process,to performharmonization, i.e. adaptation parameterswhich ought to be itonitored in tfre next period.With that will be stopped process, it monitoringof the parameterswhich are not characteristicfor the technological but parameters will be pu-temphasis on importanceand changeof monitoringdynamics of-the of selected like poteniiailydangerous. In conceptualizationof proposals for adoption parameters correctedmoniioring progr"rnr" whichwould include monitoring of harmonized it is importantto conductthe auditingprogramme'

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