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University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2005 Evolution, devolution, revolution? An analysis of the legal and administrative arrangements for catchment and water planning in South Australia and New South Wales Carla J. Mooney [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Mooney, Carla Joan, Evolution, devolution, revolution? An analysis of the legal and administrative arrangements for catchment and water planning in South Australia and New South Wales, PhD thesis, Faculty of Law, University of Wollongong, 2005. http://ro.auo.edu.au/theses/415 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] EVOLUTION, DEVOLUTION, REVOLUTION? An analysis of the legal and administrative arrangements for catchment and water planning in South Australia and New South Wales A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by CARLA JOAN MOONEY BA NSW, MEnvPlan Maq, MNRL Woll FACULTY OF LAW 2005 CERTIFICATION I, Carla Joan Mooney, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Law, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualification at any other academic institution. ………………………… Carla Joan Mooney March 2005 ii CONTENTS Acknowledgements............................................................................................................i Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................vi Chapter 1 – Introduction and Methods. ............................................................................1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................1 1.2 Introduction.............................................................................................................3 1.2.1 Part One - Context............................................................................................3 1.2.2 Part Two - Sustainability..................................................................................4 1.2.3 Part Three - Regulation. ...................................................................................5 1.2.4 Part Four – Case Study.....................................................................................5 1.3 Methods...................................................................................................................6 1.3.1 Socio-legal Research........................................................................................6 1.3.2 Case Study Research - overview......................................................................8 1.3.3 Research Design...............................................................................................9 1.3.4 Multiple-case Case Studies. ...........................................................................13 1.3.5 The case studies..............................................................................................13 1.3.6 Limits of the case study method.....................................................................14 1.4 Caveats and regrets. ..............................................................................................16 Part One Chapter Two - Context....................................................................................................20 2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................20 2.2 Agriculture – the triple bottom line.......................................................................22 2.2.1 Environment...................................................................................................22 2.2.2 Social..............................................................................................................34 2.2.3 Economy. .......................................................................................................41 2.3 Individuals – attitudes, stewardship and a duty of care. .......................................46 2.3.1 Attitude to the Environment...........................................................................46 2.3.2 A Stewardship Ethic.......................................................................................48 2.3.3 Duty of Care...................................................................................................51 2.4 Government – historical and political context. .....................................................53 2.5 The Commonwealth..............................................................................................59 2.6 Legal and Administrative arrangements for catchment, water and land-use planning – Overview and critique...............................................................................70 2.6.1 Natural resources law, environmental law and land-use planning law..........72 2.6.2 Regulation. .....................................................................................................74 2.6.3 Change – introducing a planning dimension..................................................78 2.7 Conclusion. ...........................................................................................................80 Part Two Chapter 3 - Sustainability................................................................................................84 3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................84 3.2 Sustainable Development – international process.................................................84 3.3 The path to sustainability — the Australian approach..........................................86 3.3.1 Implementation by the Commonwealth.........................................................92 3.4 Sustainability – conceptual framework.................................................................96 3.4.1 The middle line or political fudge? ..............................................................100 3.4.2 Strong or weak?............................................................................................102 3.4.3 A ‘grand narrative’.......................................................................................103 3.4.4 Endpoint or process?....................................................................................104 3.5 Process – planning for sustainability...................................................................108 i 3.6 Implementing ESD in Australia – the role of law...............................................110 3.6.1 The law in transition. ...................................................................................114 3.7 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................119 Chapter 4 – Elements of sustainable planning..............................................................121 4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................121 4.2 Priority to the Environment. ...............................................................................122 4.2.1 The fundamental challenge of ESD to administration.................................124 4.3 Equity..................................................................................................................126 4.4 Precaution............................................................................................................131 4.4.1 The challenge to administration...................................................................136 4.4.2 The challenge to rationalism........................................................................136 4.4.3 The challenge to ‘expert’ decision making..................................................139

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