US FOREST SERVICE NORTHERN RESEARCH STATION RESOURCES AND REFERENCES Websites: References: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station: Bauman J, Keiffer C, Hiremath S. 2009. Environmental variables www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/chestnut_ as predictors for ectomycorrhizal species in American restoration_mine_lands/ (Castanea dentata) mine reclamation. Proceedings, Research ReviewNO. 18 | autumn 2012 www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/ded Annual Ecological Society Meeting, 2009. #20119, p 58. USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Northeastern Area: Hiremath S, Lehtoma K, Nagle A, Bonello P. 2012 [In press]. www.na.fs.fed.us/fhp/ded/ Screening for Phytophthora cinnamomi in reclaimed USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Arboretum: mined lands targeted for restoration www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2006/060613.htm projects. Proceedings, USDA Interagency Research Forum on American Chestnut Foundation: www.acf.org Gypsy Moth and Other , 2010. GTR-NRS-P-75. American Chestnut Cooperators Foundation: www.accf-online.org Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Restoring Forest Icons: American Phytopathological Society: www.apsnet.org Station. Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative: www.arri.osmre.gov Hiremath S, Lehtoma K. 2008. Molecular identification of Casey Trees (Washington, DC): www.caseytrees.org ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with the American New Directions in American Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station: chestnut. In: Gottschalk KW, ed. Proceedings, 18th USDA www.ct.gov/caes/cwp/view.asp?a=281528&q=376754 Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Chestnut and Elm Research State University of New York, Environmental Sciences and Forestry: Species, 2007; 2007 January 9-12; Annapolis, MD. GTR-NRS-P-28. www.esf.edu/chestnut Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research The Nature Conservancy: Station: 38. www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/ connecticut/connecticutriver/restoring-floodplains-with-american- Knight KS, Slavicek JM, Menard K, and others. In press. Using Dutch Many of the long-term serious pests of trees in North America arrived on plants elm.xml elm disease-tolerant elm to restore floodplains impacted by . In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, Kliejunas and logs brought to northeastern entry ports. These include chestnut blight (New JT, and others, tech. coords. Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest York City), Dutch elm disease (DED, Ohio), beech bark disease (Canadian Maritime Books: Trees: Proceedings, 4th International Workshop on the Genetics Provinces), hemlock woolly adelgid (central ), and emerald ash borer (EAB, Bolgiano C, Novak G, eds. 2007. Mighty Giants: An American of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry. 31 July-5 August 2011; Michigan). The elimination or reduction of the host tree species has had extensive Eugene, OR; PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Chestnut Anthology. Bennington, VT: American Chestnut consequences reverberating throughout the ecosystem, affecting the insects, Foundation. Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. animals, plants, and nutrient cycles. Campanella TJ. 2003. Republic of Shade: New England and the Slavicek JM. In press. Development of methods for the American Elm. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. restoration of the American elm in forested landscapes. Because of their location in the Northeast, scientists of the U.S. Forest Service’s Freinkel S. 2007. American Chestnut: The Life, Death, and In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, Kliejunas JT, and others, tech. coords. Rebirth of a Perfect Tree. Berkeley: University of California Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Trees: Proceedings, 4th Northern Research Station (NRS) are part of a 100-year-long tradition of Press. International Workshop on the Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions Michael T. Rains Rebecca G. Nisley For additional copies or to be put on the mailing researchers who have studied these diseases and their host trees. Along with in Forestry. 31 July-5 August 5 2011; Euguene, OR. Gen. Tech. Rep. Station Director Writer and Editor list, email [email protected] or call 740-368-0123. basic and applied research on recent pests (Asian longhorn beetle and emerald PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Service, Pacific 11 Campus Boulevard #200 ash borer), NRS scientists have begun long-term studies on methods to restore 203-230-4338 Southwest Research Station. Newtown Square, PA 19073 disease-tolerant/resistant varieties of two iconic tree species that have nearly [email protected] Slavicek JM, Knight KS. In press. Generation of American elm 610-577-4017 disappeared from forested and rural landscapes—the American chestnut and the trees with tolerance to Dutch elm disease through [email protected] American elm. controlled crosses and selection. In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, Kliejunas JT, and others, tech. coords. Disease and Insect Resistance BLIGHT-RESISTANT AMERICAN CHESTNUT HYBRIDS The public is encouraged to report any promising survivor in Forest Trees: Proceedings, 4th International Workshop on the NRS Research Review is published quarterly by the Our research themes are (1) Forest Disturbance Processes, (2) Urban elm candidates to Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry; 31 July-5 August Communications and Science Delivery Group of the Northern Research Natural Resources Stewardship, (3) Sustaining Forests, (4) Providing TESTED IN COAL MINE OUTPLANTING TRIALS www.nrs.fs.fed.us/survivor_elms/ 2011; Eugene, OR. PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Station (NRS), U.S. Forest Service. As part of the nation’s largest forestry Clean Air and Water, and (5) Natural Resources Inventory and The American chestnut dominated the forest canopy in much of the eastern United Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Information about the tree’s location is kept confidential. research organization, NRS serves the Northeast and Midwest and beyond, Monitoring. States; its timber was highly valued and its nuts were a highly nutritious food providing the latest research on current problems and issues affecting forests source for wildlife, humans, and livestock. The parasitica There are 135 NRS scientists working at 20 field offices, 24 and the people who depend on them. arrived in New York City on Asian nursery stock in the early 1900s and chestnut experimental forests, and universities located across 20 states, from blight spread quickly and inexorably into its new and defenseless host population. Maine to Maryland, Missouri to Minnesota. Although many control strategies were pursued, none were successful. As a result, in a few decades American were reduced to living root systems with a few The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, susceptible branches and fading memories of forest giants. sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternate means for communication of program

information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Chestnut seedlings in planting tubes at Ohio coal mine site. continued on page two Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal Photo by Shiv Hiremath, U.S. Forest Service 5 opportunity provider and employer. 1 continued from page one MORE DED-TOLERANT AMERICAN ELMS However, extensive research efforts during the last two decades give hope DEVELOPED AND TESTED IN WILD that this iconic tree can be restored to its natural range. Although the OUTPLANTINGS American chestnut is susceptible to the fungus, its Asian counterpart, the The American elm was a favorite tree for planting along city streets, and Chinese chestnut, is resistant. Many plant breeders have been working to many communities were proud of their beautiful elm-lined streets—New produce a tree with the timber qualities of the American chestnut and the Haven, CT, for example, hasn’t quit calling itself “the Elm City.” The tall resistance of the Chinese species. The American Chestnut Foundation’s crowns of mature elms spanned roadways, shaded houses and parks, and breeding program has developed a promising back-crossing method and provided cleaner air and cooler temperatures. But, sadly, these elm-lined has produced a set of blight-resistant hybrids (BC3F3) containing ~94 streets are now only a memory, existing only in pictures. The Dutch elm percent American chestnut genes. disease (DED) fungal , Ophiostoma ulmi, entered North America in 1930 and has destroyed millions of American elm trees in the United Shivanand Hiremath, an NRS research scientist (Delaware, OH), is States and Canada since then. Very few large elms are left; they are either planting these hybrids in reclaimed coal mine sites in the Appalachian outside the normal range, carefully tended (for example, the elms in region, once a major part of the American chestnut’s natural range. He is Central and Riverside Parks of New York City and the Washington, DC, determining field conditions conducive for re-establishing chestnut and Mall), tolerant survivors, or tolerant/resistant varieties. Although there are testing various species of mycorrhizal fungi for effectiveness. Mycorrhizal treatments that stave off tree death, no true cures have been found. fungi are symbionts that associate with tree roots and aid host trees in acquiring soil nutrients. Many mycorrhizal fungi are host-specific. Thus, In the last 40 years, scientists have focused on identifying American finding the right mycorrhizal species for inoculating chestnut seedlings elm trees that can withstand the DED pathogen. In more than 100,000 is important for the success of outplantings in the nutrient-poor, hostile individual trees tested, no truly DED-resistant trees were found; however, environments of coal mine soils. eight or so individual trees showed good levels of tolerance to the disease. (A resistant tree shows no DED symptoms after injection of the fungus, Hiremath has identified ectomycorrhizal fungi associating with chestnut whereas tolerant trees show disease symptoms the year of inoculation Controlled Breeding roots using transmission electron microscopy and biochemical and but no symptoms the following year; thus although the tree becomes Controlled breeding has generated strains with improved tolerance to DED. molecular methods. He and his colleagues have identified several known infected, it does not die. Some branches die after fungal injection, but they The selections used for this effort include the Valley Forge, New Harmony, and novel ectomycorrhizal species that are now being tested on about are replaced after a couple of years.) Clones of some of the tolerant trees Princeton, R18-2, Delaware 2, and other cultivars as they become 7,000 inoculated seedlings outplanted (since 2004) in several reclaimed (Valley Forge, New Harmony, and Princeton) are currently available from available. Progeny testing in the first set of crosses produced 27 trees mine sites in the Wayne National Forest, several Ohio state forests, and in commercial nurseries. showing no disease symptoms; 15 also had desirable growth structure. The Wilds of Ohio (a nonprofit wildlife conservation park in Cumberland, These 27 trees will be retested for resistance in about 3 years. A second set OH). The American Chestnut Foundation provided the seeds that were used As wonderful as it is to have elms to plant along streets and in parks again, of crosses will be ready for testing in about 2 years. in these experiments and researchers from Ohio University (Athens, OH) these trees are clones of only a few genotypes, and the DED fungus may and Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) collaborated on parts of this work. be able to mutate and overcome the tolerance factors. James Slavicek, Controlled breeding for improved cold tolerance using DED-tolerant NRS research geneticist, and Kathleen Knight, NRS research ecologist strains (Valley Forge and R18-2) and local survivor trees from Minnesota (Delaware, OH) are breeding additional improved strains of the American (Chippewa National Forest), Vermont, and is also underway elm; restoring them into the landscape; and developing restoration methods with the goal of generating trees that are DED tolerant and site adapted for this purpose. Their efforts are moving forward on several fronts. for colder climates. Progeny trees from these crosses were outplanted on the Chippewa National Forest and in Vermont and Massachusetts for More Screenings later testing. Trees from these crosses should be useful for American elm Large American elms still exist in the landscape, and Slavicek and Knight restoration landscape efforts across the northern tier of the United States are screening candidates for tolerance to DED to increase the genetic base and southern Canada. of trees that can be used for restoration efforts. Thirty-eight selections from Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Massachusetts, and Ohio Outplanting DED-Resistant Elms in Restorations of have already been clonally propagated and are being tested for tolerance. Riparian Areas With Emerald Ash Borer Problems Additional large survivor trees are being sought for testing as well. In many riparian ecosystems, ash trees replaced elms killed off by DED, but now the ashes are being killed off by the emerald ash borer (EAB), Planting American chestnut on a reclaimed mine site on the which is spreading rapidly throughout the Midwest and into the Northeast Wayne National Forest. Photo by Shiv Hiremath, U.S. Forest Service.

2 3 regenerate and spread. The trees can sexually reproduce with themselves and local elms by wind pollination, allowing the species to co-evolve with the DED fungal pathogen in the wild landscape. In addition, these planting continued from page one MORE DED-TOLERANT AMERICAN ELMS sites serve as sentinel sites to allow for discovery of other and/or insect pests that could impact future restoration efforts. However, extensive research efforts during the last two decades give hope DEVELOPED AND TESTED IN WILD that this iconic tree can be restored to its natural range. Although the OUTPLANTINGS James Slavicek heads these efforts with various partners at many sites: American chestnut is susceptible to the fungus, its Asian counterpart, the The American elm was a favorite tree for planting along city streets, and in 1993-94 elms were outplanted with the Ohio Department of Natural Chinese chestnut, is resistant. Many plant breeders have been working to many communities were proud of their beautiful elm-lined streets—New Resources, Division of Forestry; Franklin County Metro Parks; and The produce a tree with the timber qualities of the American chestnut and the Haven, CT, for example, hasn’t quit calling itself “the Elm City.” The tall Wilds. In 1995, clones and seedlings were outplanted with the help of the resistance of the Chinese species. The American Chestnut Foundation’s crowns of mature elms spanned roadways, shaded houses and parks, and U.S. Forest Service’s State and Private Forestry, Northeastern Area, at Luther breeding program has developed a promising back-crossing method and provided cleaner air and cooler temperatures. But, sadly, these elm-lined College in Iowa; on US Army Corps of Engineers lands in Wisconsin; and has produced a set of blight-resistant hybrids (BC3F3) containing ~94 streets are now only a memory, existing only in pictures. The Dutch elm at the Carpenter St. Croix Valley Nature Center in Minnesota. In 2007, percent American chestnut genes. disease (DED) fungal pathogen, Ophiostoma ulmi, entered North America test plantings were established at Dago Slough near Cassville, WI (with in 1930 and has destroyed millions of American elm trees in the United the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service), and at Bad River Indian Reservation in Shivanand Hiremath, an NRS research scientist (Delaware, OH), is States and Canada since then. Very few large elms are left; they are either Wisconsin. Eighteen additional sites along the Connecticut River in Vermont, planting these hybrids in reclaimed coal mine sites in the Appalachian outside the normal range, carefully tended (for example, the elms in Connecticut, and Massachusetts were established in 2010-12 in partnership region, once a major part of the American chestnut’s natural range. He is Central and Riverside Parks of New York City and the Washington, DC, with The Nature Conservancy. determining field conditions conducive for re-establishing chestnut and Mall), tolerant survivors, or tolerant/resistant varieties. Although there are testing various species of mycorrhizal fungi for effectiveness. Mycorrhizal treatments that stave off tree death, no true cures have been found. The efforts of NRS researchers to restore these iconic American trees— fungi are symbionts that associate with tree roots and aid host trees in US Army Corps of Engineers preparing to plant test elms on an island in the American chestnut and American elm—may allow our children and Wisconsin. Photo by James Slavicek, U.S. Forest Service. acquiring soil nutrients. Many mycorrhizal fungi are host-specific. Thus, In the last 40 years, scientists have focused on identifying American grandchildren to see these trees beloved by their parents and grandparents. finding the right mycorrhizal species for inoculating chestnut seedlings elm trees that can withstand the DED pathogen. In more than 100,000 In addition, restoring these species to their former places in forested rural is important for the success of outplantings in the nutrient-poor, hostile individual trees tested, no truly DED-resistant trees were found; however, Left: massive trunk of mature survivor elm in Five Rivers Metro Park, Ohio. Right: outplanted elm sapling in and urban settings will increase the ecological resilience of these landscapes environments of coal mine soils. eight or so individual trees showed good levels of tolerance to the disease. cold hardiness testing on the Chippewa National Forest. Photos by James Slavicek, U.S. Forest Service and provide tangible benefits of cleaner water and air to human residents. (A resistant tree shows no DED symptoms after injection of the fungus, Hiremath has identified ectomycorrhizal fungi associating with chestnut whereas tolerant trees show disease symptoms the year of inoculation Controlled Breeding and killing millions of ash trees. In areas where ash is or was dominant and few other tree species are present, managers need options for roots using transmission electron microscopy and biochemical and but no symptoms the following year; thus although the tree becomes Controlled breeding has generated strains with improved tolerance to DED. BIOGRAPHIES molecular methods. He and his colleagues have identified several known infected, it does not die. Some branches die after fungal injection, but they restoring forest health. The selections used for this effort include the Valley Forge, New Harmony, James Slavicek (right) is a research biologist and the project leader of the “Genetics, Biological Control, and Management and novel ectomycorrhizal species that are now being tested on about are replaced after a couple of years.) Clones of some of the tolerant trees Princeton, R18-2, Delaware 2, and other cultivars as they become of Invasive Species” unit located in Delaware, OH. His primary research and development efforts are focused on development, 7,000 inoculated seedlings outplanted (since 2004) in several reclaimed (Valley Forge, New Harmony, and Princeton) are currently available from Kathleen Knight is studying ways to restore EAB-affected ecosystems. available. Progeny testing in the first set of crosses produced 27 trees improvement, and production of baculoviruses for use to control invasive forest commercial nurseries. She is collaborating with the Metro Parks of Toledo, Franklin County, mine sites in the Wayne National Forest, several Ohio state forests, and in showing no disease symptoms; 15 also had desirable growth structure. insect pests such as the gypsy moth. In addition, Jim is leading the NRS effort and Summit counties in Ohio in restoration efforts using DED-tolerant The Wilds of Ohio (a nonprofit wildlife conservation park in Cumberland, These 27 trees will be retested for resistance in about 3 years. A second set to restore the American elm to forested landscapes. He received his PhD in elms along with native sycamores and pin oaks. Three floodplain ash- OH). The American Chestnut Foundation provided the seeds that were used As wonderful as it is to have elms to plant along streets and in parks again, of crosses will be ready for testing in about 2 years. genetics from the University of Connecticut and a bachelors of arts (biology) from dominated forests in different stages of EAB infestation were selected to in these experiments and researchers from Ohio University (Athens, OH) these trees are clones of only a few genotypes, and the DED fungus may Kalamazoo College (MI). He joined the Forest Service in 1988. test for best times of planting in relation to infestation—at Oak Openings and Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) collaborated on parts of this work. be able to mutate and overcome the tolerance factors. James Slavicek, Controlled breeding for improved cold tolerance using DED-tolerant Metro Park (Toledo) ashes are already dead; at Sharon Woods Metro NRS research geneticist, and Kathleen Knight, NRS research ecologist strains (Valley Forge and R18-2) and local survivor trees from Minnesota Kathleen Knight (center) is a research ecologist with the “Sustaining Forests in Park (Franklin Co.), ashes are midway through an EAB infestation; and in (Delaware, OH) are breeding additional improved strains of the American (Chippewa National Forest), Vermont, and Massachusetts is also underway a Changing Environment” unit as well as the “Genetics, Biological Control, and Clinton Conservation Area (Summit Co.), they are not yet infested. More elm; restoring them into the landscape; and developing restoration methods with the goal of generating trees that are DED tolerant and site adapted Management of Invasive Species” unit stationed in Delaware, OH. She joined the than 3,000 potted tree seedlings in various sizes were outplanted during for this purpose. Their efforts are moving forward on several fronts. for colder climates. Progeny trees from these crosses were outplanted Forest Service in 2006 after receiving her PhD in ecology, evolution, and behavior spring and fall, and with different methods of protection from deer. So far, on the Chippewa National Forest and in Vermont and Massachusetts for from the University of Minnesota in 2006 and a BA from Hiram College in both the seedlings show excellent survival, even after 6 feet of spring and fall More Screenings later testing. Trees from these crosses should be useful for American elm biology and music performance (she plays flute) in 2001. Her current research flooding. The experimental elms performed as well as the sycamores and deals with effects of emerald ash borer on forests and restoration ecology of Large American elms still exist in the landscape, and Slavicek and Knight restoration landscape efforts across the northern tier of the United States oaks. The results of this experiment will help managers in restoring EAB- American elm. are screening candidates for tolerance to DED to increase the genetic base and southern Canada. impacted ash floodplains. of trees that can be used for restoration efforts. Thirty-eight selections Shivanand Hiremath (left) is a research biologist in the “Genetics, Biological from Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Massachusetts, and Ohio Outplanting DED-Resistant Elms in Restorations of Experimental American Elm Restoration Sites for Control, and Management of Invasive Species” unit in Delaware, OH. His primary have already been clonally propagated and are being tested for tolerance. Riparian Areas With Emerald Ash Borer Problems Development of Restoration Methods research focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms mediating the formation and functioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Additional large survivor trees are being sought for testing as well. In many riparian ecosystems, ash trees replaced elms killed off by DED, His work involves identification and utilization of suitable mycorrhizae in restoration of the American chestnut and reforestation of To help develop better restoration methods, NRS researchers established but now the ashes are being killed off by the emerald ash borer (EAB), reclaimed mined lands. Shiv received his PhD from the National Chemical Laboratory, India, and a BS in chemistry from the Karnatak experimental sites in areas where the DED-tolerant trees can naturally which is spreading rapidly throughout the Midwest and into the Northeast University, India. He joined the Forest Service in 1988.

2 3 4 regenerate and spread. The trees can sexually reproduce with themselves and local elms by wind pollination, allowing the species to co-evolve with the DED fungal pathogen in the wild landscape. In addition, these planting sites serve as sentinel sites to allow for discovery of other pathogens and/or insect pests that could impact future restoration efforts.

James Slavicek heads these efforts with various partners at many sites: in 1993-94 elms were outplanted with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry; Franklin County Metro Parks; and The Wilds. In 1995, clones and seedlings were outplanted with the help of the U.S. Forest Service’s State and Private Forestry, Northeastern Area, at Luther College in Iowa; on US Army Corps of Engineers lands in Wisconsin; and at the Carpenter St. Croix Valley Nature Center in Minnesota. In 2007, test plantings were established at Dago Slough near Cassville, WI (with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service), and at Bad River Indian Reservation in Wisconsin. Eighteen additional sites along the Connecticut River in Vermont, Connecticut, and Massachusetts were established in 2010-12 in partnership with The Nature Conservancy.

The efforts of NRS researchers to restore these iconic American trees— US Army Corps of Engineers preparing to plant test elms on an island in the American chestnut and American elm—may allow our children and Wisconsin. Photo by James Slavicek, U.S. Forest Service. grandchildren to see these trees beloved by their parents and grandparents. In addition, restoring these species to their former places in forested rural Left: massive trunk of mature survivor elm in Five Rivers Metro Park, Ohio. Right: outplanted elm sapling in and urban settings will increase the ecological resilience of these landscapes cold hardiness testing on the Chippewa National Forest. Photos by James Slavicek, U.S. Forest Service and provide tangible benefits of cleaner water and air to human residents. and killing millions of ash trees. In areas where ash is or was dominant and few other tree species are present, managers need options for BIOGRAPHIES restoring forest health. James Slavicek (right) is a research biologist and the project leader of the “Genetics, Biological Control, and Management of Invasive Species” unit located in Delaware, OH. His primary research and development efforts are focused on development, Kathleen Knight is studying ways to restore EAB-affected ecosystems. improvement, and production of baculoviruses for use to control invasive forest She is collaborating with the Metro Parks of Toledo, Franklin County, insect pests such as the gypsy moth. In addition, Jim is leading the NRS effort and Summit counties in Ohio in restoration efforts using DED-tolerant to restore the American elm to forested landscapes. He received his PhD in elms along with native sycamores and pin oaks. Three floodplain ash- genetics from the University of Connecticut and a bachelors of arts (biology) from dominated forests in different stages of EAB infestation were selected to Kalamazoo College (MI). He joined the Forest Service in 1988. test for best times of planting in relation to infestation—at Oak Openings Metro Park (Toledo) ashes are already dead; at Sharon Woods Metro Kathleen Knight (center) is a research ecologist with the “Sustaining Forests in Park (Franklin Co.), ashes are midway through an EAB infestation; and in a Changing Environment” unit as well as the “Genetics, Biological Control, and Clinton Conservation Area (Summit Co.), they are not yet infested. More Management of Invasive Species” unit stationed in Delaware, OH. She joined the than 3,000 potted tree seedlings in various sizes were outplanted during Forest Service in 2006 after receiving her PhD in ecology, evolution, and behavior spring and fall, and with different methods of protection from deer. So far, from the University of Minnesota in 2006 and a BA from Hiram College in both the seedlings show excellent survival, even after 6 feet of spring and fall biology and music performance (she plays flute) in 2001. Her current research flooding. The experimental elms performed as well as the sycamores and deals with effects of emerald ash borer on forests and restoration ecology of oaks. The results of this experiment will help managers in restoring EAB- American elm. impacted ash floodplains. Shivanand Hiremath (left) is a research biologist in the “Genetics, Biological Experimental American Elm Restoration Sites for Control, and Management of Invasive Species” unit in Delaware, OH. His primary Development of Restoration Methods research focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms mediating the formation and functioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi. His work involves identification and utilization of suitable mycorrhizae in restoration of the American chestnut and reforestation of To help develop better restoration methods, NRS researchers established reclaimed mined lands. Shiv received his PhD from the National Chemical Laboratory, India, and a BS in chemistry from the Karnatak experimental sites in areas where the DED-tolerant trees can naturally University, India. He joined the Forest Service in 1988.

4 US Forest Service US FOREST SERVICE NORTHERN RESEARCH STATION Northern Research Station RESOURCES AND REFERENCES 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015 Websites: References: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station: Bauman J, Keiffer C, Hiremath S. 2009. Environmental variables www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/chestnut_ as predictors for ectomycorrhizal species in American Castanea dentata restoration_mine_lands/ chestnut ( ) mine reclamation. Proceedings, NO. 18 | AUTUMN 2012 www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/ded Annual Ecological Society Meeting, 2009. #20119, p 58. USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Northeastern Area: Hiremath S, Lehtoma K, Nagle A, Bonello P. 2012 [In press]. www.na.fs.fed.us/fhp/ded/ Screening for Phytophthora cinnamomi in reclaimed USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Arboretum: mined lands targeted for American chestnut restoration www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2006/060613.htm projects. Proceedings, USDA Interagency Research Forum on American Chestnut Foundation: www.acf.org Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species, 2010. GTR-NRS-P-75. American Chestnut Cooperators Foundation: www.accf-online.org Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research American Phytopathological Society: www.apsnet.org Station. Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative: www.arri.osmre.gov Hiremath S, Lehtoma K. 2008. Molecular identifi cation of Casey Trees (Washington, DC): www.caseytrees.org ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with the American Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station: chestnut. In: Gottschalk KW, ed. Proceedings, 18th USDA www.ct.gov/caes/cwp/view.asp?a=281528&q=376754 Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Chestnut and Elm Research State University of New York, Environmental Sciences and Forestry: Species, 2007; 2007 January 9-12; Annapolis, MD. GTR-NRS-P-28. www.esf.edu/chestnut Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research The Nature Conservancy: Station: 38. www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/ connecticut/connecticutriver/restoring-floodplains-with-american- Knight KS, Slavicek JM, Menard K, and others. In press. Using Dutch elm.xml elm disease-tolerant elm to restore fl oodplains impacted by emerald ash borer. In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, Kliejunas JT, and others, tech. coords. Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Books: Trees: Proceedings, 4th International Workshop on the Genetics Bolgiano C, Novak G, eds. 2007. Mighty Giants: An American of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry. 31 July-5 August 2011; Chestnut Anthology. Bennington, VT: American Chestnut Eugene, OR; PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Foundation. Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Contact the Northern Research Station Campanella TJ. 2003. Republic of Shade: New England and the Slavicek JM. In press. Development of methods for the American Elm. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. restoration of the American elm in forested landscapes. www.nrs.fs.fed.us Freinkel S. 2007. American Chestnut: The Life, Death, and In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, Kliejunas JT, and others, tech. coords. Rebirth of a Perfect Tree. Berkeley: University of California Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Trees: Proceedings, 4th Press. International Workshop on the Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry. 31 July-5 August 5 2011; Euguene, OR. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Slavicek JM, Knight KS. In press. Generation of American elm trees with tolerance to Dutch elm disease through controlled crosses and selection. In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, The public is encouraged to report any promising survivor Kliejunas JT, and others, tech. coords. Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Trees: Proceedings, 4th International Workshop on the elm candidates to Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry; 31 July-5 August www.nrs.fs.fed.us/survivor_elms/ 2011; Eugene, OR. PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Information about the tree’s location is kept confidential. Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. US Forest Service US FOREST SERVICE NORTHERN RESEARCH STATION Northern Research Station 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015 Websites: References: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station: Bauman J, Keiffer C, Hiremath S. 2009. Environmental variables Research www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/chestnut_ as predictors for ectomycorrhizal species in American Castanea dentata Review restoration_mine_lands/ chestnut ( ) mine reclamation. Proceedings, NO. 18 | AUTUMN 2012 www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/ded Annual Ecological Society Meeting, 2009. #20119, p 58. USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Northeastern Area: Hiremath S, Lehtoma K, Nagle A, Bonello P. 2012 [In press]. www.na.fs.fed.us/fhp/ded/ Screening for Phytophthora cinnamomi in reclaimed USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Arboretum: mined lands targeted for American chestnut restoration www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2006/060613.htm projects. Proceedings, USDA Interagency Research Forum on American Chestnut Foundation: www.acf.org Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species, 2010. GTR-NRS-P-75. American Chestnut Cooperators Foundation: www.accf-online.org Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research American Phytopathological Society: www.apsnet.org Station. Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative: www.arri.osmre.gov Hiremath S, Lehtoma K. 2008. Molecular identifi cation of Casey Trees (Washington, DC): www.caseytrees.org ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with the American Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station: chestnut. In: Gottschalk KW, ed. Proceedings, 18th USDA www.ct.gov/caes/cwp/view.asp?a=281528&q=376754 Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive State University of New York, Environmental Sciences and Forestry: Species, 2007; 2007 January 9-12; Annapolis, MD. GTR-NRS-P-28. www.esf.edu/chestnut Newtown Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research The Nature Conservancy: Station: 38. www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/ connecticut/connecticutriver/restoring-floodplains-with-american- Knight KS, Slavicek JM, Menard K, and others. In press. Using Dutch elm.xml elm disease-tolerant elm to restore fl oodplains impacted by emerald ash borer. In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, Kliejunas JT, and others, tech. coords. Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Books: Trees: Proceedings, 4th International Workshop on the Genetics Bolgiano C, Novak G, eds. 2007. Mighty Giants: An American of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry. 31 July-5 August 2011; Chestnut Anthology. Bennington, VT: American Chestnut Eugene, OR; PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Foundation. Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Contact the Northern Research Station Campanella TJ. 2003. Republic of Shade: New England and the Slavicek JM. In press. Development of methods for the American Elm. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. restoration of the American elm in forested landscapes. www.nrs.fs.fed.us Freinkel S. 2007. American Chestnut: The Life, Death, and In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, Kliejunas JT, and others, tech. coords. Rebirth of a Perfect Tree. Berkeley: University of California Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Trees: Proceedings, 4th Press. International Workshop on the Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions Michael T. Rains Rebecca G. Nisley For additional copies or to be put on the mailing in Forestry. 31 July-5 August 5 2011; Euguene, OR. Gen. Tech. Rep. Station Director Writer and Editor list, email [email protected] or call 740-368-0123. PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Service, Pacific 11 Campus Boulevard #200 Southwest Research Station. Newtown Square, PA 19073 203-230-4338 [email protected] Slavicek JM, Knight KS. In press. Generation of American elm 610-577-4017 trees with tolerance to Dutch elm disease through [email protected] controlled crosses and selection. In: Sniezko RA, Yanchuk AD, The public is encouraged to report any promising survivor Kliejunas JT, and others, tech. coords. Disease and Insect Resistance in Forest Trees: Proceedings, 4th International Workshop on the NRS Research Review is published quarterly by the Our research themes are (1) Forest Disturbance Processes, (2) Urban elm candidates to Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry; 31 July-5 August Communications and Science Delivery Group of the Northern Research Natural Resources Stewardship, (3) Sustaining Forests, (4) Providing www.nrs.fs.fed.us/survivor_elms/ 2011; Eugene, OR. PSW-Gen. Tech. Rep. Albany, CA: USDA Forest Station (NRS), U.S. Forest Service. As part of the nation’s largest forestry Clean Air and Water, and (5) Natural Resources Inventory and Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Information about the tree’s location is kept confidential. research organization, NRS serves the Northeast and Midwest and beyond, Monitoring. providing the latest research on current problems and issues affecting forests There are 135 NRS scientists working at 20 field offices, 24 and the people who depend on them. experimental forests, and universities located across 20 states, from Maine to Maryland, Missouri to Minnesota.

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