The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World

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The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World Peter Schafer Routledge Taylor & Francis Croup LONDON AND NEW YORK CONTENTS Preface xi Preface to English Edition xv Preface to the Reprint of the English Paperback Edition xvi List of Abbreviations xvii Chapter 1 Alexander the Great and the Diadochi 1 Alexander the Great 1 The Samaritan Schism 2 Alexander's Visit to Jerusalem 5 The Diadochi 7 Chapter 2 Palestine Under Ptolemaic Rule (301-200 BCE) 13 Ptolemaic Government and Economy 13 Political History: The First Syrian Wars 15 Palestine Under the Ptolemies: Government, Economy, Social Relations 15 Political History: The Third Syrian War 18 The Rise of the Tobiad Family 18 Political History: The Fourth Syrian War 21 The Break-up of the Tobiad Family 22 The Fifth Syrian War 23 Chapter 3 Palestine Under Seleucid Rule (200-135/63 BCE) 27 Seleucid Government and Economy 27 Palestine as a Seleucid Province 28 Oniads and Tobiads 32 The Heliodorus Affair . 34 The "Hellenistic Reform" under Antiochus IV 35 The "Religious Edicts" 41 The Maccabean Revolt 44 Chapter 4 The Hasmonean Dynasty 65 Government and Economy of the Hasmonean State 65 John Hyrcanus I (135/34-104 BCE) 67 The Pharisees 69 Aristobulus I (104-103 BCE) 73 vii viii Contents Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BCE) 74 Salome Alexandra (76-67 BCE) 76 Aristobulus II (67-63 BCE) 76 Chapter 5 Herod the Great (37-4 BCE) 81 Herod's Rise to Power 81 Government and Economy Under Herod 87 A Summary of the Events of Herod's Reign 91 Assessment 97 Chapter 6 From Herod to the First Jewish War 101 The Settlement of the Succession 101 Philip (4 BCE to 33/34 CE) 102 Herod Antipas (4 BCE-39 CE) 103 Archelaus (4 BCE-6 CE) 104 Judaea under Roman Rule (6-41 CE) 105 Agrippa I (37-44 CE). 112 Agrippa II (507-92/93 CE) 113 The Roman Procurators (44-66 CE) 114 Chapter 7 The First Jewish War (66-74 CE) 121 The Beginnings 121 The War in Galilee (67 CE) 123 The Years 68 and 69 CE 124 The Conquest of Jerusalem (70 CE) 127 The End of the War 128 Chapter 8 Between the Wars: From 74 to 132 CE 131 The Consequences of the War ] 31 The Rabbis 133 Johanan ben Zakkai 135 Jabneh 137 The Revolt Under Trajan (115-117 CE) 141 Chapter9 The Bar Kochba Revolt (132-135 CE) 145 The Causes of the Revolt 145 BarKochba 148 The Revolt 154 The Consequences 158 Contents ix Chapter 10 From the Bar Kochba Revolt to the Arab Conquest of Palestine 163 Usha and Beth Shearim 163 The Crisis of the Roman Empire in the Third Century 170 Judaism and Christianity 176 The Persian Conquest 190 Bibliography 199 Index 227 Chronological Table 233.

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