MADHAVARAM CONSTRUCTIONS SURVEY NOS. 57 (PART) AND 61 (PART), WARD NO-3, BLOCK NO-B, MANSOORABAD, SAROOR NAGAR, RANG REDDY DISTRICT
1. Conceptual Plan 2. EMP Report
Residential Apartment Construction Project
Submitted By Studies & Documentation by M/s. Madhavaram Constructions M/s Team Labs and Consultants H. No: 17-1391/T/185,18 B-115, 116, 117 & 509, Saraswathinagar, Saidabad, Annapurna Block, Aditya Enclave, Hyderabad -500079 Ameerpet, Hyderabad- 500 038 Phone: 91-040-23748555/616 Fax : 91-040-23748666 e-mail: [email protected]
SUBMITTED TO STATE LEVEL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY, TELANGANA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION/CONCEPTUAL PLAN
This chapter details the need for the project, description of the proposed project and alternatives, and identifies the valued ecosystem components. The project will be spread over an area of 0.88 hectares of land for residential purpose with necessary amenities in Survey nos. 57 (Part) & 61 (Part), Ward no-3, Block no-B, Mansoorabad, Saroor Nagar, Ranga Reddy District.
2.1 THE PROJECT LOCATION: The project will be spread over an area of 0.88 hectares of land for residential purpose with necessary amenities in Survey nos. 57 (Part) & 61 (Part), Ward no-3, Block no-B, Mansoorabad, Saroor Nagar, Ranga Reddy District. The project site is surrounded by open land in south direction. Residential buildings in north and west directions. An 18 m wide road in east direction connecting Hyderabad - Vijayawada highway. The nearest railway station is Malakpet railway station at a distance of 7.5 km.
2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.2.1 DESIGN STAGE The project will be spread over an area of 0.88 hectares is proposed to develop for residential development with necessary amenities. It is proposed to provide residential units of 240 nos. along with amenities block. The land allocation will be optimized to ensure compliance with the regulations of HMDA. The land allocation will be optimized to ensure compliance with the regulations of HMDA. The land allocation and the number of units proposed are presented in table 2.1 .
Table 2.1 Land Allocation for various purposes Total No of Total Site Area Total Built up Land Use No of Floors Units in m 2 area (m 2) Block 1 & 2 240 40440.0 2C + S + 10 4087.8 Amenities 1220.8 Green Area 947.3 Road Area 2200.5 Open Area 1566.3 Parking Stilt 3773.5 Cellar 6939.6 Sub Cellar 5635.6 Total 240 8801.8 58009.6
It is proposed to provide residential units of 240 nos. along with amenities. The land allocation will be optimized to ensure compliance with the regulations of HMDA. The water requirement of the project during operation will be drawn from Municipality. Sewage treatment plant will be provided to treat the sewage/wastewater. Water conservation measures will be incorporated in the plumbing designs. Water recycling/reuse will be adopted by way of using treated sewage for green belt development and for flushing. The rainwater will be let-out into the storm water drain
2 - 1 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement and discharged into side drains of road. The required power will be drawn from the TRANSCO and providing open space between each house to allow sunlight will optimize the energy requirement. Solar Energy will be used for fencing. The designs of the houses will also incorporate Indian Architectural principles of “Vastu”, as the market demands the same. Construction material will be drawn from local sources. The parking provision follows the guidelines prescribed by Building policy. The layout of the project site and individual layout of building is presented in fig. 2.1 and fig 2.2 respectively.
Parking It is proposed to provide Stilt and 2 cellar floors for parking. The parking provision follows the guidelines prescribed by FAR and Building policy. The number of parking spaces provided is presented in table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Parking Space Provision of the Project Floor 4-Wheelers 2-Wheelers Stilt 66 61 Cellar 202 61 Sub Cellar 158 61 Total 426 183
Circulation Plan: Stilt Floor Driveway: 8 m No of Cellar floors: 2 nos No of Ramps: 2 nos Width of Ramp: 5.67 m Slope of ramp: 1: 8 Cellar floor Driveway: 4.5 m No. of Lifts: 6 Capacity of each Lift: 10 pax. Connecting Road: 18 m ROW
Modified Los & Performance Existing Existing Modified Modified Additional Modified Road volume, volume/ Volume/ Los & volume Volume PCU/hr Capacity Capacity performance Site road “A” 231 0.096 48 279 0.116 Excellent
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Fig. 2.1 Site Layout
TOT LO T -1 462.029 SQ.MTS.
B LO CK -2
TOT LOT-3 173.266 SQ.MTS.
TOT LOT-4 138.72 SQ.MTS.
B LO CK -1
TOT LOT-2 173.266 SQ.MTS.
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Fig. 2.2 Floor plans
B LO C K -2
B LO C K -1
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Fig. 2.3 Basement floor plan
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2.2.1.1 Storm water drains: Conservation of water resource is most important aspect of the project during construction and occupation phases. Storm water drainage planning, domestic water planning and sewerage transfer and sewage treatment planning are most essential. The percolation pit is presented in fig 2.3.
Storm water sumps will be provided to meet the expected increase in the runoff during rainy seasons due to the impervious nature of the Roof, roads and other paved areas. Storm water drainage system shall be provided to collect both the roof water and surface water generated within the project site. All roof water from terraces of all blocks shall be collected by means of rainwater down take pipes. All roof water down takes shall be taken up to the ground level and connected to the storm water sumps for all blocks excess storm water from terrace will be sent to rainwater harvesting structures. Intensity of rainfall of 40 mm/hr shall be considered for design purpose of storm water Sumps
Calculation for Storm Water Drain Quantity of storm water (a) Without project Area of Catchment, ‘A’ : 0.8802 Ha Run off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.6 Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hr Therefore Q : 0.059 m3/sec (b) With project : Area for catchment for roof and road : 0. 629 Ha Area of Catchment, ‘A’ : 0.629 Ha Run off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.9 Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hr Therefore Q = : 0.063 m3/sec
Area for catchment for open areas : 0.251 Ha Run off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.6 Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hr Therefore Q = : 0.017 m3/sec Total Discharge : 0.080 m3/sec But, Discharge, Q = A/V Where, A= Area of the Drain, V= Max. Permissible Velocity : 6 m/sec for concrete drain Area of drain, ‘A’ = Q/V : 0.013 m2 Taking depth of drain as 0.6 m at the starting point : 0.6 Width of drain = Area/depth = : 0.022 m 22 mm Width of the drain is to taken 22 mm and depth varies according to the slope of ground.
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Table 2.3 Storm water Management Vol./hr Vol./hr after Difference Land Area in before development in Remarks Use hectares development C=0.8 Discharges C=0.6 Harvested in 2 sumps of Roof 3 0.41 130.8 98.1 32.7 capacity of 50 m and Area used for domestic purpose Road 0.22 70.4 52.8 17.6 20 nos. of RWH pits Area are provided of size Open 0.25 30.2* 60.3 -30.2 1.5m X 1.5m X 2 m Area TOTAL 0.88 20.1 * C = 0.3 after development
Fig 2.3 Rain water Harvesting Structure of Size 1.5 m X 1.5 m X 2m
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Water Availability: Water is required for the construction as well as during occupation stage as the same is an important resource. The water requirement during construction is in the order of 40 cum/day with a peak demand of 80 cum/day, and during occupation stage in the order of 172.1 KLD. The water resource available with the Municipal authorities was studied to identify the source and feasibility. The water resource both domestic water and sewage is dealt by the Hyderabad Metropolitan water supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB) in the GHMC area. The HMWSSB has been maintaining the water supply resources for Hyderabad along with the treatment of wastewater. The resources available with the HMWSSB are presented in table 2.4.
Table 2.4 Details of present sources of water supply to Hyderabad
Normal Present Source Name Drawls Drawls System Mode Water Treatment Plant (in MGD) (in MGD) Osmansagar 25 -- Gravity Asifnagar filter beds Himayatsagar 15 -- Gravity Miralam filter beds Singanoor 75 75 Gravity/Pumping Peddapur PH -3,4 Manjira 45 30 Gravity/Pumping Rajampet,Kalabgoor Akkampally (Krishna 270 3 Stage Pumping 226 Kodandlapur filter beds ph-1,2,3) Sri Pada Yellampally 86 Singur Dam 56 Godavari (Godavari) Source: Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board, www.hyderabadwater.gov.in
2.2.1.2 Domestic Water: It is proposed to draw domestic water from Municipality. The water during summer season will be drawn from ground water sources. The water requirement of the project is in the order of 172.1 KLD. The water requirement for the project during the occupation stage is presented in table 2.5. The water savings for the project is presented in table 2.6.
Table 2.5 Water Requirement of the Project No. of Water Total Water No. of Land Use Persons/ requirement per Requirement in Units unit person in l * KLD Block 1 & 2 240 5 135 162.0 Amenities 1 65 45 2.9 Visitors 2 15 7.2 TOTAL 172.1 *Water requirement as per NBC
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Table 2.6 Water Savings of the Project Treated Effective No. No. of Water water Water Land Use of Persons/ Requirement reuse/day Requirement Units unit / KLD Klpcd in KLD Block 1 & 2 240 5 162.0 54.0 108.0 Amenities 1 65 2.9 1.3 1.6 Visitors 2 7.2 4.8 2.4 TOTAL 172.1 60.1 112.0
Approximately 60.1 Kl/day water will be saved by adopting recycling of treated water in the toilet flush. The effective water consumption is reduced by 60.1 Kl/day and the requirement will be in the order of 112.0 Kl/day due to treated water recycling. The water balance of the project during occupation stage is tabulated in table 2.7.
Table 2.7 Water Balance during occupation stage Input KLD Output KL /Day Domestic water from Excess treated water will be sent to 112.0 74.8 HMWSSB sewer lines Recycled water 60.1 Recycled water 60.1 Water require ment for green belt during non monsoon 2.8 Losses approx 20% 34.4 Total 172.1 Total 172.1
The water used in the order of 172.1 KL/day would generate 137.7 KL/day of wastewater, which has to be treated for reuse and or disposal.
Sewage treatment plant based on Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB) technology PROCESS DESCRIPTION : The raw sewage will be collected in a collection sump and pumped to mechanical bar screen chamber for removal of large floating matter followed by grit removal in Grit Chamber. The raw sewage will then be collected in an equalization tank for homogenization of hydraulic load. The tank contents will be kept in suspension by means of course bubble serration through pipe grid. The equalization tank, with air flow indicator for continuous monitoring of air supply to the tank in order to avoid septic conditions, will be covered from top (RCC or FRP) to avoid nuisance. The equalized effluent will then be pumped to two Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactors (FAB) in series where BOD/COD reduction can be achieved by virtue of aerobic microbial activities. The oxygen required will be supplied through coarse air bubble diffusers. The bio-solids formed in the biological process will be separated in the downstream Tube Settler. The clear supernatant will gravitate to the chlorine contact tank where sodium hypochlorite will be dosed for disinfection of treated water prior to disposal.
The biological sludge generated in the FAB and settled in the tube settlers will be collected in a sludge sump and then pumped to sludge drying bed for de watering. The dried sludge will then be disposed off suitably as manure. The schematics of the
2 - 9 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement process are shown. The two main components of the treatment system viz. The FAB reactor and tube settler are described in the following sections.
Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB) Conventional effluent treatment plants are large sized, power intensive and require a lot of monitoring. Scarcity of open space and rising land a power costs have forced the industries to look our for space saving, compact and efficient treatment options. This has led to the development attached growth processes where the bio mass is retained within the aeration tank obviating the need for recycle. These plants are not only compact but also user friendly. The endeavor to have a continuously operating, no- clogging biofilm reactor with no need for back washing, low head-loss and high specific biofilm surface area culminated in the most advanced technology of aerobic biological fluidized bed treatment where the biofilm (biomass) grows on small carrier elements that move along with the water in the reactor. The movement is normally caused by aeration in the aerobic version of the reactor. The reactor combines all the advantages and best features of Trickling filters, Rotating biological contractors, activated sludge process and submerged fixed film reactors while eliminating the drawbacks of these systems. The plants are more compact and more energy efficient.
The Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB) consists of a tank in any shape filled up with small carrier elements. The elements are made up of special grade PVC or polypropylene of controlled density (shown in plate). For media of specific gravity 0.92- 0.96 the overall density could be expected to increase up to 9.5% when full of biomass such that they can fluidize using an aeration device. A biofilm develops on the elements, which move along the effluent in the reactor. The movement within the reactor is generated by providing aeration with the help of diffusers placed at the bottom of the reactor. Then thin biofilm on the elements enables the bacteria to act upon the biodegradable matter in the effluent and reduce the BOD/COD content in the presence of oxygen available from the air that is used for fluidization.
Table 2.8 Characteristics of Waste water Parameter Quantity in mg/l PH 6 – 7 Total Suspended Solids 400 – 600 BOD 20 0 – 300 COD 450 – 500
Design of the unit Basic data Flow : 137.7 KLD Capacity : 175 m3 Peak factor : 2 Influent BOD : 200 mg/lit Influent Suspended Solids : 150 mg/lit Ef fl uent BOD : 10 mg/lit Effluent Suspended Solids : 50 mg/lit
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1. Bar Screen Chamber In flow time : 18 hr Average flow : 12 m3/hr Peak fa ctor : 2 Peak flow : 24 m3/hr Velocity through screen : 0.8 m/Sec Clear area through rack opening : 0.008 m2 0.05 (considering half pipe full Clear width of opening at the rack : flow) Number of bars : 3.06 Say 4 Nos. Hence Provide 4 bars Using re ctangular steel bar in the screen, having 1 cm width, and placed at 5cm clear spacing. Gross Area of the screen required : 0.0106 m2 Assuming screen bars placed at 60 0 horizontal sin 60 0 Gross Area of the screen needed : 0.0122 m2 (122cm 2)
2. Grit Chamber: The flow from the bar screen chamber is let into the Grit Chamber of minimum 2 hours capacity. This tank is provided to even out the flow variation, and to provide a continuous feed into the secondary biological treatment units. Peak flow Q : 0.0066 m3/sec Providing a flow through velocity of 0.30 m/sec Cross sectional area of Channel (0.0066/0.3) : 0.022 m2 Surface area of channel (0.0066/0.013) : 0.50 m2 Assuming depth d : 0.2 m Width of channel (0.022/0.2) : 0.11 m (say 0.2m) Length o f channel (0.5/0.11) : 4.5 m (say 4.5 m) Provide two channels each of 0.2 m wide and 4.5 m long with depth of waste water 0.2 m.
3. Equalization tank: The flow from the bar screen chamber is let into the equalization tank of minimum 2hours capacity. This tank is provided to even out the flow variation, and to provide a continuous feed into the secondary biological treatment units. Average flow : 12 m3/hr Peak factor : 3.5 Peak flow : 42 m3/hr Hydraulic retention tank = 2 hrs at Peak flow Hence required volume of the tank : 84 m3 Provide tank of : 84 m3 Capacity Assuming depth : 3 m Area : 28 m2 Assuming length to width ratio (1:1) ; l=b length of the tank : 5.3 m width of the tank : 5.3 m Air required for agitation : 0.01 m3/ m 2 min
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Total air required : 50.4 m3/hr Air blower required : 52 m3/hr @ 3.8 mwc Effluent transfer pump : 12 m3/hr @ 8 mwc
4. Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB): The polypropylene media have been provided with a specific surface area of 350 – 520 m2 /m 3. This allows micro-organisms to get attached and biomass concentration can be increased to four folds as compared to Activated Sludge Process. This enables to consider higher Organic loading rates.
The micro-organisms attached to media are kept in a fluid state thereby maintaining the CSTR (continuous Stirrer tank reactor) regime as well as two tanks are provided in series making the plug – flow system. This will enhance the efficiencies and have the merits of both CSTR and plug-flow regimes. Organic loading rate : 3.2 kg BOD/ m 3 d Organic load : 40 kg/day Volume of the tank : 12.5 m3 Assu me the depth : 5 m No. of tanks in series : 1 Size of the tank : 2 m dia. x 5.0 SWD Specific gravity of media : 0.92 to 0.96 Specific surface area of media : 350 – 520 m 2 /m 3 Media filling : 30 – 50 % of tank volume Oxygen required : 2 kg / kg BOD Oxygen in air : 23% Specific gravity of air @ 30 deg. : 1.65 Aeration : Coarse bubble Oxygen transfer efficiency : 12% Air required : 103 m3/hr Ai r blower required : 120 m3/hr @ 6.5 m wc
5.Tube settler Surface loading rate : 48 m2 /m 3 d Surface area required : 4.2 m2 2.0 m x 3.0 m x 2.7 m SWD With 55 Tank size : deg. hopper bottom Tube Modules : 2.0m x 3.0 m x 0.6 m ht. Tube inclinati on : 60 deg. Settling area for 60 deg slope : 11 m2 /m 3 Cross sectional area of tubes : 120 mm x 44 mm Hexagonal Hydraulic radius : 1/61 cm (1.5 cm) Shape factor : 0.6 – 0.7 for media settleable solids
6. Pre -Filtration tank The flow from e ach individual settling tank i.e., the supernatant liquid is let into the respective Pre-Filtration Tank, which has a minimum 1.5 hours holding capacity. This tank is provided to hold the treated effluent and give an even flow to the pressure sand
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Average flow : 12 m3/hr Peak factor : 2 m3/hr Peak flow : 24 m3/hr Provide min 1.5 hours holding capacity. Hence required volume of the tank : 36 m3
7. Pressure Sand Filter: Vertical down flow type with graded/sand bed under drain plate with polystyrene strains. Flow : 175 m3/day Rate of filtration assumed as : 10 m3/ m2/hr Requirement of treated water for usage in 20 hrs : 10 m3/hr Dia of filter of 1 nos. : 1273 mm Provide pressure sand filter of 1280 mm dia and 1800 mm HOS with sand as media layer, under drain pipe, laterals face piping etc for each stream.
8. Activated Carbon Filter: Vertical down flow type with graded/sand bed under drain plate with polysterene strains. Flow : 175 m3/day Rate of filtrati on assumed as : 10 m3/m2/hr Requirement of treated water for usage in 20 hrs : 10 m3/hr Dia of filter of 1 nos. : 1273 mm
Provide Activated Carbon filter of 1280 mm dia with granular Activated carbon as media and 1800 mm HOS with sand as media layer, under drain pipe, laterals face piping etc for each stream.
9.Ultraviolet Disinfection: UV applied to low turbidity water is a highly effective means of disinfection. UV is not harmful to aquatic organisms in the receiving water. UV light kills viruses, Vegetative- and spore-forming bacteria, algae and yeasts. No chemicals are added to the wastewater to change the pH, conductivity, odor or taste to create possible toxic compounds. UV treatment has a few moving parts to adjust or wear out.
10.Final Treated Water Holding Tank It is always preferred to provide one final holding tank of minimu m one day holding capacity, so that the treated effluents can be stored and used back for gardening or other tertiary purposes. Capacity: 175 m 3
11. Sludge Filter Press: The biomass in the aeration tank stabilizes BOD in wastewater by consumin g the organic matter in the wastewater. The metabolic activity results in growth of the biomass population in the Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB) .
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Sludge holding tank has been provided with filter press for dewatering sludge. The filtrate drains off through the media, which is again let into equalization tank.
The dewatered sludge is collected in trays, which can be used as manure in the garden. No. of plates : 24 Size of plates : 600 mm X 600 mm Plate moc (material of construction) : PP (poly propline) Type of operation : Hydraulic Power pack capacity : 2 HP
Characteristics of Treated Waste water Parameter Quantity in mg/l pH 6.5 – 9 Total Suspended Solids 20 BOD 10 COD 50
Disposal of Treated Waste Water: It is proposed to reuse the treated wastewater for green belt development and for toilet flushing. Excess treated water shall be let out into the sewer line.
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Fig. 2.4 Sewage Treatment Flow Diagram
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2.2.1.3 Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Composition In India the biodegradable portion dominates the bulk of Municipal Solid Waste. Generally, the biodegradable portion is mainly due to food and yard waste.
Table 2.9 Composition of Municipal Solid Waste Type Composition (%) Solid waste in kg Paper 8 61 Plastics 9 69 Met als 1 8 Glass 1 8 others 4 31 Biodegradable 48 366 Inerts 25 191 Rags 4 31 Total 100 764 (Source: NSWAI- National Solid Waste Association of India estimate)
Design Stage The total number of people anticipated to stay in the project is in the range of 1500- 2000. The anticipated solid waste/garbage is in the range of 500 g/head, and the total garbage will be in the order of 764 kg/day. The responsibility of garbage collection and disposal lies with the municipal authorities, however the project authorities propose to educate the residents to segregate the waste at source before disposal. The biodegradable waste will be stored in green color bins whereas the recyclable and other wastes will be stored in blue colour bins. The green bin to be filled with Biodegradable kitchen waste, while the blue dustbins to be filled with recyclable waste like glass, plastic, paper, etc., The biodegradable waste to be removed every day, while the recyclable waste to be removed once a week. The Solid waste/garbage collected, is sent to segregation point. The table 2.10 presents the anticipated garbage quantity after occupation. The Solid waste management plan shown in Fig 2.5.
Table 2.10 Solid Waste Generation No. of No. of Persons/ Total No. Total Solid waste in Land Use Units unit of Persons Kgs @ 0.5 kg/head Block 1 & 2 240 5 1200 600 Amenities 1 65 65 20 Visitors 2 480 144 TOTAL 764
2.2.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE The sequence of construction operations and the approximate time requirement is presented in the following table 2.11. The construction sequence is for the construction project follow the same sequence. The time schedule of the entire project is approximately 24 months.
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Table 2.11 Construction Sequence S.No Description of work 1 Cle aring and Grubb ing 2 Leveling by way of cut and fill 3 Foundation Excavation. 4 Foundation PCC & Concrete & Plinth Beam. 5 Column lifting up to GF Roof. 6 1st fl oor slab reinforcement & shuttering & Concreting. 7 Stair case slab 8 1st floor column lifting up to 1 st floor roof. 9 1st floor roof shuttering, reinforcement & concreting. 10 Deshuttering of GF Roof & cleaning. 11 Deshuttering of 1 st Roof & cleaning. 12 Brick work in GF floor. 13 Brick work in 1 st floor. 14 Staircase up to terrace. 15 Stairc ase he adroom slab. 16 Plumbing works (concealed works). Electrical conduit junction boxes & board fixing. Internal (GF & FF). Plastering works. Ex tern al (GF & FF). 17 Fixing of door & window frames. 18 Plinth filling & floor PCC. 19 Flo or Tiling Works , Bath Room, kitchen & platform works. 20 Staircase stone works. 21 Terrace waterproofing works. 22 Parapet w all in terrace & miscellaneous works . 23 Fixing of door & window shutters. 24 Fixing of sanitary fittings. 25 Electrical wiri ng & fixt ures. 26 Painting works. 27 External development & compound wall.
The clearing and grubbing activity involves clearing of shrubs mainly as the land area is devoid of any trees due to biogenic pressures. The cut and fill operation for the entire area is presented in table 2.12.
Table 2.12 Earth Work Quantities Qty. of fill Qty. of cut Surplus fi ll Surplus cut S No Area (m 3) (m 3) (m 3) (m 3) 1 Site 84 50 10562 ---- 2112
The construction of this magnitude would require huge quantities of construction materials. The material requirement for the project is presented in table 2.13.
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Table 2.12 Material Consumption Total Total Ready Total Total BUA per Total Total Total Reinfor Mix Aggr Bricks Units unit in Cement Sand Water cement Concrete egate (Nos) x (m 2) (bags) (m 3) (m 3) Steel (m 3) (m 3) 1000 (MT) Total BUA 58010 23784 53949 22624 2494 14038 6729 1334 Total 58010 23784 53949 22624 2494 14038 6729 1334 The lead distance for various construction materials is presented in table 2.13.
Table 2.13 Lead Distance for Construction Materials S.No Material Source Lead Distance (Km) 1 Sand ROBOSAND and or Krishna 5-150 or Godavari river bed areas permitted by Govt. 2 Aggregate Crushers near to the site 10-30 3 Cement Company Deal ers 50-100 4 Reinforcement Steel TATA / SAIL godowns 10-50 5 Bricks Local brick kiln 10 -30 6 Plumbing Material Local Suppliers 2-7 7 Electrical Material Local Suppl ier s 2-7 8 Sanitary Material Local suppliers 2-7 8 Paints Local Suppliers 10 -25 9 Ready Mix Concrete Local Batching Plants 10-50
2.2.2.1 Water Requirement The water required for this project is in the order of 14,040 m3 for the entire project implementation period. The peak demand for water may be 80 m 3/day, however typical daily consumption will be in the order of 40 m3/day.
2.2.2.2 Construction Debris The construction debris consists of various types of materials. The construction debris will be in both hazardous and non-hazardous categories. The hazardous debris consists of empty containers of adhesives, thinners, paints and petroleum products. These empty containers will be sold to authorized recyclers. The non-hazardous wastes contain recyclable debris like iron and other metal, glass, plastics, cartons of paper, wood etc. These wastes will be sent for reuse/recycle. The waste percentage will be in the order of 2%. Construction debris containing bricks, demolished RCC will be used for land filling in the place of sub grade.
2.2.2.3 Paints All the paints used in the premises will be ensured to have an albedo of at least 0.4 to increase the reflectivity and reduce the heat dissipation and heat island effects.
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2.2.2.4 Work Force: The labor/work force requirement is approximately 1000 man-days of various skilled and unskilled employees. Sufficient labor force and skilled employees are available as Hyderabad is a favorite destination of skilled employees and migrating people from the rural areas. The peak labor force requirement will be in the order of 500 people. The water requirement for the labor force will be approximately 20000 lt/day.
2.2.2.5 Material preparation and transport All the construction materials will be drawn from outside. The material will be transported by trucks within the site and 10 tippers will be used for the purpose.
2.2.3 OCCUPATION PHASE A number of facilities will be provided by M/s Madhavaram Constructions to the occupants and the facilities are shown in table 2.15.
Table 2.15 Amenities Proposed Amenity Nos. or description Tot Lots and Greening Area 947.3 m2 DG Sets 500 kVA x 3 No. Sewage Treatment Plant 1 Garbag e segregation point 1
The owners/purchasers will form cooperatives to run the remaining amenities like sewage treatment plant, DG sets. The major requirement of resource is for electricity and water. The electricity will be drawn from TRANSCO. A number of transformers will be provided to reduce voltage fluctuation and to provide quality energy. The power requirement during operation phase is presented in table 2.16.
Table 2.16 Energy Consumption Statement
Total Total Total Max No. of Connected S.No Description Load in KW Connected Demand Units Load Load (KW) (KVA) (kVA) 1 Block 1 & 2 240 5 1200.0 1500.0 1500.0 2 Street Lights 30 0.04 1.2 1.5 1.2 3 Amenities 78.3 97.8 78.3 4 STP 1 80 80.0 100.0 100.0 5 Lifts 7 15 105.0 131.3 131.3 TOTAL 1464.5 1830.6 1810.7 Maximum demand in kw at 0.6 diversity factor 878.7 Consumption of power for 8 hours per day 7029.4 Maximum demand in kw at 0.2 diversity factor 292.9 Consumption of power for 16 hours per day 4686.3 Total consumption of power per day 11715.7 KW Total consumption of power per year 42. 8 Lakh Units
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Table 2.17 Energy Saving by using Solar Water Heater Power Total power No. of S.No Description allocated in required in Units watts / unit (KW) 1 Block 1 & 2 96 2500 240 TOTAL 240 Maximum demand in kw at 1 diversity factor 240 Consumption of power for 2 hours per day 480 Maximum demand in kw at 0.4 diversity factor 96 Consumption of power for 2 hours per day 192 Total consumption of power per day 672.0 KW Total consumption of power per year 2.45 Lakh Units
Table 2.18 Energy saving by using Solar Street Lights Power Total power No. of S.No Description allocated in required in Units watts / unit (KW) 1 Street lights 10 40 0.4 TOTAL 0.4 Maximum demand in kw at 0.6 diversity factor 0.2 Consumption of power for 8 hours per day 2 Maximum demand in kw at full load 0 Consumption of power for 4 hours per day 2 Total consumption of power per day 3.5 KW Total consumption of power per year 0.01 Lakh Units saving with Solar Heater and Street Lighting 2.47 Lakh Units
Table 2.19 Electrical Power savings using LED for lighting Power Total power Area in S.No Description allocated in required in m2 watts / unit (KW) 1 Residential 41661 8 333 2 Common & Utilities 16349 1.5 25 TOTAL 358 Maximum demand in kw at 0.9 diversity factor 322 Consumption of power for 12 hours per day 3864 Total consumption of power per day 3864.3 KW Total consumption of power per year 14.10 Lakh Units Savings in power using LED 4.23 Lakh Units
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Table 2.20 Savings in Electrical Power Consumption – SUMMARY
With Solar Total With S.No Description Heater and Consumption Total Saving LED Street Lighting lakh units Savings in lakh 1 4.23 2.47 6.70 kwh units 42.76 Savings in 2 9.90 5.77 15.7 percentage (%)
2.2.3.1 Domestic Water The domestic water will be drawn from Municipality and during non-availability Ground water will be drawn and used to augment the supplies. The wastewater will be treated and reused for gardening and flushing. The line providing treated water will be colored blue and ensured that the tank is at least 1 foot below the level of other tanks and a distance of minimum 2 feet from the other water pipelines. The excess water will be let out into the storm water drains.
2.2.3.2 Solid Waste The solid wastes anticipated during occupation stage include garbage, sludge from STP, hazardous waste of used oils, and batteries from generators. The quantity of wastes is presented in table 2.21.
Table 2.21 Solid Waste Generated during Occupation Phase S.No. Type of Waste Quantity Collection/storage Disposal Segregation at each residence into bio- degradable, non-bio- degradable and Domestic Hazardous wastes. Disposal 764 Municipal solid 1 Garbage of recyclable waste to kg/day waste disposal Authorized Waste Pickers / Authorized Recyclers. Balance segregated waste given to Authorized Agency of Local Body. Sewage Used as manure 9 2 Treatment Stored in HDPE bags. and or given to kg/day Plant Sludge farmers. Sent to 7 nos. Authorized 3 Used Batteries year recyclers or returned to seller 24 0 Sold to aut horized 4 Used Lubricant Stored in HDPE Carbouy l/year recyclers Sold to TRANSCO Transformer 200 5 Stored in HDPE Drum authorized Oil l/year contractors
2 - 21 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
5.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
M/s Madhavaram Constructions proposes to construct a Residential Apartments project at Mansoorabad, Saroor Nagar, Ranga Reddy District. The area around the village has a number of educational institutions and residential development. The project is envisaged as a residential housing with environment friendly features to cater to the growing market demand for quality housing. The demand for quality housing from this area will be partially met from this project, apart from the demand due to industrial nature of the surrounding areas. The village has a number of layouts and rapidly turning into a residential zone for various types of socio-economic sectors.
5.1 PROJECT DETAILS The project will be spread over an area of 0.88 hectares of land for residential purpose with necessary amenities in Survey nos. 57 (Part) & 61 (Part), Ward no-3, Block no-B, Mansoorabad, Saroor Nagar, Ranga Reddy District. The project site is surrounded by open land in south direction. Residential buildings in north and west directions. An 18 m wide road in east direction connecting Hyderabad - Vijayawada highway. The nearest railway station is Malakpet railway station at a distance of 7.5 km.
It is proposed to provide residential units of 240 nos. along with amenities. The land allocation will be optimized to ensure compliance with the regulations of HMDA/HADA. The water requirement of the project during operation will be drawn from Municipality. Sewage treatment plant will be provided to treat the sewage/wastewater. Water conservation measures will be incorporated in the plumbing designs. Water recycling/reuse will be adopted by way of using treated sewage for green belt development and for flushing. The rainwater will be let-out into the storm water drain and discharged into side drains of road. The required power will be drawn from the TRANSCO and providing open space between each house to allow sunlight will optimize the energy requirement. Solar Energy will be used for fencing, and for hot water in the flats. The designs of the houses will also incorporate Indian Architectural principles of “Vastu”, as the market demands the same. Construction material will be drawn from local sources. The parking provision follows the guidelines prescribed by HMDA/HADA and Building policy.
5.2 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EIS An EIA was conducted and the major findings of the EIS study are presented below;
5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Impact on Physical Resources Construction of proposed project requires huge quantities of natural resources like sand, sub grade and aggregate, and materials produced from natural resources like bricks, cement and steel. The material shall be drawn from local sources, and the lead distances range from 5 – 150 km. The impacts on physical resources of sand will be irreversible. While bricks will be brought from kilns which use Coal ash. The material requirement of steel, cement etc. will be purchased from manufacturers with in state. Hence, no major impacts on physical resources as regards the availability and procurement of construction material are anticipated due to the project.
5 - 1 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Impacts on Air Quality Impacts on air quality during construction stage are likely to be due to operation of construction yards, material transport on trucks and fugitive emissions from the construction sites. The model results for occupation stage show slight increase in the air quality and in worst concentrations are falling within the site, and the results are with in the prescribed limits.
Impacts on Noise Quality Impacts on noise quality during construction stage will be significant. Hence the construction near the habitation is proposed only during daytime. The impacts during occupation stage will be on the plots adjacent to the road. Construction workers will be provided with protection equipment to guard against the noise impacts. Noise mitigating measures will be suggested for construction equipment and DG sets.
Impact on Flora The project site and its surroundings do not form a habitat to any endangered flora. There are very few trees within the project site due to anthropogenic pressures. The project will enhance the aesthetics of the site due to the provision of avenue plantation and central greening. This would ensure minimum impact on flora.
Impact on Fauna As there are no endangered species of wild life in and around the project site, it is likely to have minimal impact. The avifauna will find abode on the trees proposed to be planted. This would enhance the aesthetics of the area. Pet animal faeces may lead to pollution of water shed if allowed to join storm water drains.
Impact on Land use There is no land acquisition for this project. The land use of the site fallow land and classified as residential by HMDA/HADA. However the topography of the land being rocky plains involves cut and fill operations. Erosion and sedimentation are impacts anticipated during construction. Mitigation measures shall be adopted to avoid the same. The area development would increase the housing activity in the surroundings, which is a positive impact, as barren lands will be used for productive usage, and the negative impacts will be pressure on the infrastructure facilities.
Impact on Surface Water Resources The degradation of water quality can occur during construction phase from increased sediment load into watercourses near the construction site. Suitable mitigation measures proposed, as part of the EMP will ensure that the residual impacts are minimal. Storm water runoff would increase due to the increase in impervious surface, and rainwater-harvesting structures will be provided as mitigation measure. The design of the storm water drain will consider the additional runoff. The urban storm water joining the storm water drain may carry pollutants from imperious surface.
Impact on Ground Water Resources Ground water shall be drawn during construction, and will be used to augment the municipal supply during non-monsoon season if necessary. Exploitation of ground water will have an impact and the same shall be restricted to ensure resource 5 - 2 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement conservation. This impact will be marginal, as the ground water will not be drawn continuously.
Impact on Human Use Values The dominant land use in the area is residential, and expected commercial space will increase the pressure on the residential localities. There is no additional requirement and or acquisition of land. The project authorities will provide road safety measures to reduce risk of accidents in the internal roads. The impact on Human use values is marginal.
5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSED A description of the various management measures during the various stages of the project is provided in the following sections.
5.4.1 Pre-construction stage During the design and preconstruction stage the management proposes to comply with the regulations of town planning, explore the availability of sufficient resources, provide plantation and sink bore wells after obtaining the necessary permissions, obtain all necessary permissions from various statutory authorities after obtaining the relevant permissions.
5.4.2 Construction stage This will be the most crucial and active stage for the Environment Management Plan. In addition to the monitoring of the construction activity itself to the pollution levels within permissible limits, mitigation and enhancement measures for water resources will go on simultaneously as the construction progresses. To facilitate implementation of the enhancement and mitigation measures suggested, working drawings of the same would be prepared after completion of detailed project report. In addition, the need for a balanced evaluation and planning for risks associated with construction activities related to housing project will be part of the supervising Contractors responsibility. The resource conservation by way of identification of materials and construction debris recycle/disposal will be formulated by the supervising consultants. The responsibility of environment management plan lies with the project authorities who would implement the plan in consultation with other consultants, by including appropriate provisions in the contract/sub contract documents and providing the necessary facilities.
5.4.3 Operation stage The environment management plan will be implemented by owners associations/societies, where project authorities are co opted as members, and while the management plan related to the utilities like roads, street lighting and common open spaces lies with the Municipality. The management in operation stage will essentially entail maintenance of sewage treatment plant, maintenance of utilities, and monitoring activity in the project site. Monitoring for pollutants specified in the Monitoring Plan will serve the two purposes. In addition to checking the efficiency of the protection/mitigation/enhancement measures implemented, this will help verify or refute the predictions made as a part of the impact assessment. Thus, it will complete a very important feedback loop for the housing project.
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The measures adopted and/or to be adopted during different stages of the project have been detailed in table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Environmental Management Plan and Action Plan Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE The layout design shall be on Following the FSI prescribed Consultants for various the basis of town planning and or reducing the FSI. activities are identified and rules of Provision of additional mandate given to identify HMDA/HADA/HMDA/HADA. parking environmentally sound Enhancement of open space practices and resource area into a park. conservation measures. Provision of avenue plantation. Provision of storm water drains, for infiltration, filtration, and flow dissipation and sediment control. Provision for disposal of storm water and treated wastewater.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE Dust generation due to Roads in the construction Plantation to be ensured construction activities. area will be sprinkled with Horticulturists to identify water to reduce the raising of the species. dust. Supervising consultants/ Plantation taken up at initial contractor to ensure the stage. water sprinkling
Exhaust gases from heavy Vehicle and equipment Contractors to be machinery and transportation maintenance. educated and supervising of materials PUC for all transport vehicles. consultant to ensure the Avoidance of idling of same. equipment.
Sedimentation of storm water Avoiding stockpiles of Architects, in consultation during rainy season materials near natural drains. with Supervision Provision of filter fence consultants should identify Provision of storm water the measures needed. drains wherever possible before the beginning of construction.
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Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures Sewage transfer Lead bearing piping to be Project authorities and avoided plumbing consultant in coordination with the Supervision consultant should implement the same. Sewage Treatment Sewage to be treated in the STP shall be provided by STP and reused/disposed. the project authorities and ensured that the design of STP is optimised to meet the prescribed standards with energy efficiency. Alteration of Drainage Storm water drains to Architects in consultation follow the natural course as with sanitary engineering far as possible. consultants. Storm water drains to have a Supervision consultant to minimum water velocity of 1 ensure the same. m/s and a maximum 3 m/s. Minimum width of 0.6 meters and depth based on the gradient. Provision of rainwater harvesting structures. Ground water drawl Water conservation Sub contractors to be measures during educated on water construction. conservation measures. Loss of productive soil The site area is rocky. Supervision consultant to Topsoil to be stock piled ensure the same in separately with 1:2 slope and consultation with reused for greening purpose. horticulturist and architect. Soil Erosion Cut and fill operation to be Supervision consultant to done during non-monsoon ensure the same in season. consultation with project Silt fence to ensure silt does authorities. not enter storm water drains. Side slopes will be kept flatter wherever possible, and in case of steeper slopes it is mulched. Compaction of Soil Movement of construction Architects to identify the vehicles preferably in the road areas. proposed road areas.
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Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures Heavy vehicle movement restricted in central green area. Ploughing the area after construction. Contamination of Soil Vehicle washing and Subcontractors and machinery washing to be Project authorities should avoided in site. ensure. Parking of vehicles and Designate the parking maintenance of vehicles to areas be avoided in site. Provision of Garbage bin Disposal of solid wastes by by project authorities and construction camps to be arrangements to be for made in garbage bins only. disposal of the same. Accidental Leakage and spillage of fuels and other construction materials to be controlled by providing road signs and covered trucks. Natural Resource Identify sand availability The design team in consumption from government authorised consultation with project locations. authorities and supervision Identify and use bricks from consultants must identify coal ash users. the suppliers. Aggregate to be made from the excess materials of cut operations. Identify and use recycled steel where ever possible. Proper availability of drinking water and sanitation facilities. Damage to services running Relocation of any potentially Potentially affected parallel or across the site affected services prior to services identified in during construction leading to commencement of any design stage. interruption in supply construction works Service undertakers to be Contractors to be responsible notified for relocation and for identifying and necessary programming to safeguarding services avoid construction delays adjacent to works and for (incl. payments). compensating statutory Relocation works to be undertakers for any completed by statutory accidental damage to such undertakers before
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Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures services. construction works precede in accordance with an agreed programme. Inclusion of appropriate clauses in construction contracts; monitoring of compliance during construction and proper administration of con- tracts. Noise Pollution from heavy Noise causing activities near Inclusion of appropriate machinery, and residential areas to be clauses in construction transportation. conducted during daytime. contracts; monitoring of Maintenance of equipment compliance during and vehicles to mitigate noise construction and proper generation. administration of contracts. Pressures on Infrastructure Identification of alternative Transporting the materials routes for transport of during night time. materials from outside the Consultation with site preferably using inner TRANSCO by project ring road. authorities. Transport of materials during non-peak hours. Installing Electrical Transformer if necessary based on TRANSCO advise to avoid power fluctuations in the site and also the neighbouring residential areas.
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Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures Construction debris Construction debris to be Provision of waste disposal used for aggregate and or site for waste from sub grade purpose in the construction and storage case of RCC. yard. Recyclable metals to be Supervision consultant in collected and sold to consultation with the sub recyclers. contractors. Avoidance of excess Inclusion of appropriate inventory of materials. clauses in construction Packing materials to be sent contracts; monitoring of for reuse/recycling. compliance during Hazardous waste containers construction and proper to be returned to administration of con- seller/authorised recyclers. tracts. Plantation and Environmental Soil reclamation Horticulture consultant greening. Use of top soil shall prepare the plan for Initiation of plantation soil reclamation and use of top soils in consultation
with architects and supervision consultants. Social Impacts Additional employment to Qualified locals to be locals. chosen for employment. Occupational Safety and Construction workers are Ensure adequacy and Health provided with personal availability of Personal protective equipment (PPE) protective equipments. such as earplugs, helmets, Project authorities to safety shoes, gloves, etc. ensure compliance with Follow the relevant statutory statutory requirements. guidelines Project authorities to Comply with Building construction acts. fence the boundaries to The premises shall be fenced avoid unauthorised and no trespassing be allowed. trespassing. OCCUPATION STAGE Urban Heat Island Effect Cool roof Cool roof with light shades Green roof having low albedo values Vegetation to be provided. Cool Pavements Vegetation to be provided by horticulturist for the avenues, and central green Pavements will be made impervious for footpaths and jogging paths by provision of pavers.
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Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures Pervious roads using pavers on compacted soils. Dust Generation from traffic. Avenue plantation. Horticulturist should Maintenance of roads by ensure avenue plantation way of sweeping. The managing committees should ensure maintenance of avenue plantation. Local Municipality authorities should ensure the road maintenance. Generation of Exhaust gases Avenue plantation. To be maintained by the from transport and utilities. Rule to allow only vehicles cooperative society with PUC. To be implemented by the Proper maintenance of cooperative society. vehicles. To be maintained by Stack heights of the DG sets individual owners. must be provided as per Project authorities must CPCB guidelines and the ensure that the DG sets emission levels should meet are provided with acoustic the CPCB standards. enclosures and proper stack heights. Sewage Management All Sewage will be A Co-operative society collected by underground (society) of owners will drainage system. maintain the STP, and The sewage will be treated sewerage. in sewage treatment plant Local body authorities will The treated sewage is be appraised during rainy reused for on land irrigation season when excess for the development of green quantities are released belt. into the drain. Excess sewage will be let out Treated water lines will be into drains colored blue and a distance of 2 feet will be maintained from the other lines by the project authorities. Records of influent and treated effluent quality and quantity should be maintained by the society, and the treatment must be ensured to meet the standards prescribed by 5 - 9 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures GSR 422 E. Storm water Management Storm water will be disposed Storm water drain system into storm water drain and disposal point to be provided by local authorities. provided by the project Storm water drains will be authorities. maintained periodically Rain water-harvesting before monsoon. structures to be provided Accidental discharges by project authorities. spillages will not be allowed Maintenance of storm to join storm water drains. water drains by Local body Roads, pavements and other authorities and the society surfaces are swept regularly. of residents shall oversee Rainwater harvesting the same. structures will be connected Sweeping by municipal to all residential areas and authorities to be maintained periodically to supervised by the society. remove sediment. Pet owners/all residents Washings of the front informed about pet refuse portions and porticos should disposal. Society to ensure be avoided as it may join the the same. drain and sweeping should be preferred. Ground water usage Ground water sources to be Ground water to be used used during non availability sparingly and water of sufficient supplies from conservation measures to Municipality. be adopted, society shall Occupants not allowed to educate and implement sink bore wells. among residents. Water Conservation Measures Water conservation measures Society to educate the to be adopted to reduce residents and provide a resource consumption. book let of measures to reduce water consumption. Loss of productive soil Plot owners to be educated Society to educate the about importance greening to residents. avoid loss of productive soil. Solid Wastes Solid waste/garbage to be The project authorities to collected in green and blue make arrangements with dustbins. The green bin to be the Local authority. filled with Biodegradable The society shall educate kitchen waste, while the blue the segregation of wastes dustbin to be filled with The society shall ensure recyclable waste like glass, the transfer of wastes to plastic, papers etc. the segregation point. The biodegradable wastes to 5 - 10 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures be removed everyday while Society shall interact with the recyclable wastes to be the local body and removed once a week from implement the each residence. management plan updated The dustbins along the if any. streets to be emptied once a The project authorities day by the society and or its must identify the users for representative NGO. STP sludge and authorised Solid waste/garbage to be recyclers for hazardous picked by society or its wastes and inform the representative NGO. society for Transporting the garbage to implementation. segregation point by NGO. Local body authorities shall transport the wastes to dump yard at other designated location. The sludge from the STP’s may be used as manure for greening program is disposed to farmers. The used oils and used batteries, and used transformer oils should be sent to authorised recyclers. Consumption of natural The major natural resource Consumption of natural resource consumed during occupation resources shall be stage is ground water during optimised by education in sufficient availability of and conservation water from Municipality. measures by the Society. Noise Levels Noise levels due to traffic The project authorities and other livelihood activity shall ensure that the will increase in the area and material of construction the mitigation measures of shall use best sound construction and Greening transmission class will reduce the same. materials to ensure that Noise levels from DG sets to the sound levels with in be mitigated by the provision the residence are within of acoustic enclosures. the prescribed limits for Noise levels during festivals residential areas. and other community Avenue plantation should functions. be completed before the occupation stage to ensure that the noise levels are
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Environmental Issues/ Enhancement/ Mitigation Management Action Impacts Measures mitigated. The project authorities must ensure the provision of acoustic enclosures to the DG sets. The society must ensure that the noise from public address systems if any during festivals should follow the guidelines of police and local body. Society must educate the residents about the noise level mitigation measures suggested by various agencies during festivals. Flora The impacts on flora are due The Project authorities to to air pollution from exhaust ensure greening the central of vehicles to be mitigated by open space and avenue the choice of species. plantation. The flora of the site shall Horticulturists to assist the increase with the greening residents in identifying the program in the central green plant species with an area/totlots and other open objective of reducing the spaces. energy costs and mitigating The impacts on the the urban heat island effect. surrounding area fauna will be The society should minimal and yet the residents participate in urban to participate actively in greening programs of community greening of the HMDA/HADA and surroundings. Municipality actively. Fauna/pets Pet refuse should be removed The society must educate and dumped in the dustbins the residents and ensure only and should not be the same. allowed into storm water drains. Energy Conservation The white goods used by the The project authorities shall residents should have install CFLs in all common optimum energy consumption. areas and green areas. Usage of Compact fluorescent The society shall collect and lamps in common areas, park disseminate information areas and in the residences. regarding the household white goods and their energy efficiency.
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5.5 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS The responsibility of implementing the mitigation measures lies with project authority during design and construction stages while the responsibility lies with the M/s Madhavaram Constructions Management and Municipality during occupation stage. All construction activities taken up by the project authorities will be supervised by the Supervision Consultant (SC). Implementation schedule will be worked for phase wise implementation of the mitigation measures after completion of detailed designs. In the pre-construction phase of the project the supervision consultants shall review the EMP to identify environmental and social issues and arrive at a suitable strategy for implementation. The activities to be carried out and the target dates will be worked out after completion of detailed designs.
5.6 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING The management of M/s Madhavaram Constructions will evaluate the organizational structure with respect to inadequacies in implementing the environment management plans. The housing project is typical as the responsibility of management lies with the owners/residents during occupation stage. The owners form a cooperative society/association to manage the utilities and common areas in a normal case. The common areas, electrical supply, street lighting, open space of central green will be taken over and managed by the local body and TRANSCO. The role of residents is limited to being stakeholders with little say in the day-to-day matters; this issue must be addressed by the town planning agencies and the government.
The Environment Management Plan envisages on-site monitoring of construction activities for environmental pollution and will involve collection of samples and their subsequent analysis. For this purpose two chemists would be required especially when the implementation of the two phases goes on simultaneously. Induction of two more assistant engineers, one each for the biophysical and social environment will also be necessary.
5.7 TRAINING The existing supervising staff and the additional staff have to be trained to effectively carry out.
Co-ordinate, with supervision consultants and contractors on compliance monitoring of mitigation measures during construction phase. Monitoring of environmental components in the operation stage; Co-ordinate with concerned departments on environmental issues; Environmental impact studies for future housing projects; Liase with State and Government of India on fiscal policies to reduce environmental pollution from housing activity.
5.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 5.8.1 Introduction The environmental monitoring programme provides such information on which management decision may be taken during construction and occupation phases. It provides basis for evaluating the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measures and suggest further actions that need to be taken to achieve the desired effect.
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The monitoring includes: (i) Visual observations; (ii) Selection of environmental parameters at specific locations; (iii) Sampling and regular testing of these parameters.
5.8.2 Objectives The objectives of the environmental monitoring programme are: Evaluation of the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measures; Updating of the actions and impacts of baseline data; Adoption of additional mitigation measures if the present measures are insufficient; Generating the data, which may be incorporated in environmental management plan in future projects.
5.8.3 Methodology Monitoring methodology covers the following key aspects: Components to be monitored; Parameters for monitoring of the above components; Monitoring frequency; Monitoring standards; Responsibilities for monitoring; Direct responsibility, Overall responsibility; Monitoring costs.
Environmental monitoring of the parameters involved and the threshold limits specified are discussed below.
5.8.4 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring Ambient air quality parameters recommended for road transportation developments are Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Lead (Pb). These are to be monitored at designated locations starting from the commencement of construction activity. Data should be generated over three days at all identified locations in accordance to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Table 5.2) location, duration and the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are detailed out in the Environmental Monitoring Plan.
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Table 5.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards S. No Pollutant Time Concentration in Ambient Air Weighted Industrial, Ecological Methods of Average Residential Sensitive Area Measurement , Rural and (Notified by Other Area Central Government) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 Sulphur Dioxide Annual* 50 20 - Improved west 3 (SO2), µg/m and Gaeke 24 80 80 - Ultraviolet Hours** fluorescence 2 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual* 40 30 - Modified Jacob 3 (NO2), µg/m & Hochheiser 24 80 80 (Nn-Arsenite) Hours** - Chemiluminesc ence 3 Particulate Annual* 60 60 - Gravimetic Matter (Size Less - TOEM than 10 µm) or 24 100 100 - Beta 3 Attenuation PM10 µg/m Hours** 4 Particulate Annual* 40 40 - Gravimetic Matter (Size Less - TOEM than 2.5µm) or 24 60 60 - Beta 3 Attenuation PM2.5 µg/m Hours** 5 Ozone (O3) 8 100 100 - UV Photometric µg/m3 hours** - Chemilminesce 180 180 nce 1 hour** - Chemical Method 6 Lead (Pb) µg/m3 Annual* 0.50 0.50 - AAS /ICP method after 24 1.0 1.0 sampling on hours** EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper - ED-XRF using Teflon filter 7 Carbon 8 02 02 - Non Dispersive Monoxide (CO) hours** Infra Red (NDIR) mg/m3 04 04 - Spectroscopy 1 hour** 8 Ammonia (NH3) Annual* 100 100 - Chemilminesce µg/m3 24 400 400 nce hours** - Indophenol blue method - Gas Benzene (C6H6) 9 3 Annual* 05 05 Chromotograph µg/m y based
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S. No Pollutant Time Concentration in Ambient Air Weighted Industrial, Ecological Methods of Average Residential Sensitive Area Measurement , Rural and (Notified by Other Area Central Government) continuous analyzer - Absorption and Desorption followed by GC analysis 10 Benzo(o)Pyrene( Annual* 01 01 - Solvent BaP) – extraction Particulate followed by Phase only, HPLC/GC ng/m3 analysis 11 Arsenic (As), Annual* 06 06 - AAS/ICP ng/m3 method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper 12 Nickel (Ni), Annual* 20 20 - AAS/ICP ng/m3 method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper G.S.No.826 (E) dated 16th November, 2009. Vide letter no. F. No. Q-15017/43/2007- CPW These rules may be called the Environment (Protection) Seventh amendment rules, 2009.
*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
**24 hourly/8 hourly or 1 hour monitored values as applicable, shall be compiled with 98 percent of the time in a year, 2% of the time they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring
5.8.5 Water Quality Monitoring The physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis of water quality relevant to road development projects are pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, oil and grease, COD, chloride, lead, zinc and cadmium. The location, duration and the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are detailed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan. The monitoring of the water quality is to be carried out at all identified locations in accordance to the Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification – IS 10500: 1991 (stated in table 5.3)
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Table 5.3 Indian Standard Drinking Water Specifications – IS: 10500:1991 S. No Substance or Require Undesirable Effect Methods Remarks Characteristics ment Outside the of Test (Desirabl Desirable Limit (Ref. To Alternate Alternate Absence of of Absence Limit in the Limit the in
e Limit) Permissible IS) ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS 1 Colour, Hazen 5 Above 5, consumer 25 3025 (Part Extended to units, Max. acceptance 4) 25 only if decreases 1983 toxic substances are not suspected, in absence of alternate sources 2 Odour Unobjec - - 3025 (Parts a) Test cold tionable 5):1984 and when heated b) Test at several dilutions 3 Taste Agreeabl - - 3025 (Part Test to be e 7 and 8) conducted 1984 only after safety has been established 4 Turbidity 5 Above 5, consumer 10 3025 (Part - NTU, Max. acceptance 10) decreases 1984 5 pH Value 6.5 to Beyond this range, No 3025 (Part - 8.5 the water will relaxatio 11) affect the mucous n 1984 membrane and/or water supply system 6 Total 300 Encrustation in 600 3025 (Part - hardness (as water supply 21) CaCO3) mg/l, structure and 1983 Max adverse effects on domestic use 7 Iron (as Fe) 0.3 Beyond this limit 1 32 of 3025 : - mg/l, Max taste/appearance 1964 are affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and
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S. No Substance or Require Undesirable Effect Methods Remarks Characteristics ment Outside the of Test (Desirabl Desirable Limit (Ref. To Alternate Alternate Absence of Absence of Limit in the Limitthe in e Limit) Permissible IS) water supply struc- tures, and promotes iron bacteria 8 Chlorides (as 250 Beyond this limit, 1000 3025 (Part - CI) mg/l, Max taste, corrosion 32) and palatability are 1988 affected 9 Residual, free 0.2 - - 3025 (Part To be chlorine, 26) applicable mg/l, Min 1986 only when water is chlorinated. Tested at consumer end. When protection against viral infection is required, it should be Min 0.5 mg/l DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS 1 Dissolved 500 Beyond this 2000 3025 (Part - solids mg/l, palatability 16) Max decreases and may 1984 cause gastro intestinal irritation 2 Calcium (as 75 Encrustation in 200 3025 (Part - Ca) mg/l, Max water supply 40) structure and 1991 adverse effects on domestic use 3 Magnesium 30 Encrustation to 100 16, 33, 34 - (as Mg), mg/l, water supply of IS 3025: Max structure and 1964 adverse effects on domestic use 4 Copper (as 0.05 Astringent taste, 1.5 36 of 3025: - Cu) mg/l, discoloration and 1964 Max corrosion of pipes, fitting and utensils will be caused
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S. No Substance or Require Undesirable Effect Methods Remarks Characteristics ment Outside the of Test (Desirabl Desirable Limit (Ref. To Alternate Alternate Absence of Absence of Limit in the Limitthe in e Limit) Permissible IS) beyond this 5 Manganese 0.1 Beyond this limit 0.3 35 of 3025: - (as Mn) mg/l, taste/appearance 1964 Max are affected, has adverse effects on domestic uses and water supply structures 6 Sulphate (as 200 Beyond this causes 400 3025 (Part May be 200 SO4) gastro intestinal 24) 1986 extended up mg/l, Max irritation when to 400 magnesium or provided (as sodium are present Mg) does not exceed 30 7 Nitrate (as 45 Beyond this, may 100 3025 (Part - NO2) mg/l, cause 34) 1988 Max methaemoglobine mia 8 Fluoride (as 1 Fluoride may be 1.5 23 of 3025: - F) mg/l, Max kept as low as 1964 possible. High fluoride may cause fluorosis 9 Phenolic 0.001 Beyond this, it may 0.002 54 of 3025: - compounds cause 1964 (As C6H5OH) objectionable taste mg/l, Max and odour 10 Mercury (as 0.001 Beyond this, the No (see Note) To be tested Hg) mg/l, water becomes relaxation Mercury when Max toxic ion pollution is analyser suspected 11 Cadmium (as 0.01 Beyond this, the No (See note) To be tested Cd), mg/l, water becomes relaxation when Max toxic pollution is suspected 12 Selenium (as 0.01 Beyond this, the No 28 of 3025: To be tested Se), mg/l, water becomes relaxation 1964 when Max toxic pollution is suspected 13 Arsenic (As 0.05 Beyond this, the No 3025 (Part To be tested As) mg/l, max water becomes relaxation 37) 1988 when toxic pollution is
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S. No Substance or Require Undesirable Effect Methods Remarks Characteristics ment Outside the of Test (Desirabl Desirable Limit (Ref. To Alternate Alternate Absence of Absence of Limit in the Limitthe in e Limit) Permissible IS) suspected 14 Cyanide (As 0.05 Beyond this limit, No 3025 (Part To be tested CN), mg/l, the water becomes relaxation 27) 1986 when Max toxic pollution is suspected 15 Lead (as Pb), 0.05 Beyond this limit, No (see note) To be tested mg/l, Max the water becomes relaxation when toxic pollution is suspected 16 Zinc (As Zn). 5 Beyond this limit it 15 39 of 3025: To be tested Mg/l, Max can cause 1964) when astringent taste pollution is and an suspected opalescence in water 17 Anionic 0.2 Beyond this limit it 1 Methylene- To be tested detergents can cause a light blue when (As MBAS) froth in water extraction pollution is mg/l, Max method suspected 18 Chromium 0.05 May be No 38 of 3025: To be tested (As Cr6+) carcinogenic above relaxatio 1964 when mg/l, Max this limit n pollution is suspected 19 Poly nuclear - May be - - - aromatic carcinogenic above hydrocarbons this limit (as PAH) g/1, Max 20 Mineral oil 0.01 Beyond this limit 0.03 Gas - mg/l, Max undesirable taste Chromatog and odour after raphic chlorination take method place 21 Pesticides Absent Toxic 0.001 - - mg/l, Max 22 Radioactive materials: 58 of - 3025:01964 23 a) Alpha - - 0.1 - - emitters Bq/l, Max 24 Beta emiters - - 1 - - pci/1, Max
5 - 20 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
S. No Substance or Require Undesirable Effect Methods Remarks Characteristics ment Outside the of Test (Desirabl Desirable Limit (Ref. To Alternate Alternate Absence of Absence of Limit in the Limitthe in e Limit) Permissible IS) 25 Aluminium (as 200 Beyond this limit 600 13 of - Al), mg/l, Max taste becomes 3025:1964 unpleasant 26 Aluminium (as 0.03 Cumulative effect 0.2 31 of 3025: - Al), mg/l, Max is reported to 1964 cause dementia 27 Boron, mg/l, 1 - 5 29 of 3025: - Max 1964 Source: Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification-IS10500:1991
5.8.6 Noise Level Monitoring The measurements for monitoring noise levels would be carried out at all designated locations in accordance to the Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1989 (refer) Sound pressure levels would be monitored on twenty-four-hour basis. Noise should be recorded at a “A” weighted frequency using a “slow time response mode” of the measuring instrument. The location, duration and the noise pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are detailed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 5.5)
Table 5.4 Noise level standards (CPCB) Type Noise level for Day Noise level for Time Leq dB(A) Night Time dB(A) Industrial area 75 70 Commercial area 65 55 Residential area 55 45 Silence zone 50 40 Day time - 6.00 am - 9.00 pm (15 hours) Night time - 9.00 pm - 6.00 am (9 hours)
The monitoring plan along with the environmental parameters and the time frame is presented in the Table 8.5 environmental monitoring plan
5 - 21 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Table 5.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan Institutional MONITORING Responsibilities
Paramete Special Standard Freque Implemen Supervisi Location Duration
Environment component Project Stage rs Guidance s ncy tation on SPM, High Air Location Once Continu Contract Environm RSPM, volume (Preven- of every ous 24 or ental SO2, sampler tion and constructi season hours/ through Engineer, HMDA/ NOX, CO, to be Control on area for 2 or for 1 ts - HC located of Pollu- years full proved HADA 50 m tion) working moni- from the Rules, day toring plant in CPCB, agency the 1994 down- wind direc- Construction stage stage Construction tion. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Air Air SPM, High Air Location Once Continu Contract Environm RSPM Volume (Preven- of every ous 24 or ental Sampler tion and constructi month hours/ through Engineer, to be Control on area for 2 or for 1 ts - M/s located of Pollu- years full proved Madhav 40 m tion) working moni- aram from the Rules, day toring Construc ROW in CPCB, agency tions the 1994 down- wind direc- Construction stage stage Construction tion. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis
5 - 22 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Institutional MONITORING Responsibilities
Paramete Special Standard Freque Implemen Supervisi Location Duration
Environment Environment component Project Stage rs Guidance s ncy tation on SPM, High Air 1 Thrice Continu Society Society RSPM, Volume (Preven- Mansoor in ous SO2, Sampler tion and abad occupa 24 hours NOx, CO, to be Control tion Pb, HC located of Pollu- stage. at 15 m tion) Decem from the Rules, ber edge of CPCB, 2019, pave- 1994 Januar Occupation stage Occupation ment y 2020 and Januar y 2021 pH, BOD, Grab Water End of - Contract Environm COD, sample quality 1. sum- or ental TDS, TSS, collected standard Mansoor mer through Engineer, DO, Oil from s by abad before ts - M/s Madhav & source CPCB 2. Peda the proved aram Grease and Cheruvu onset moni- and Pb analyse of toring Construc
as per mon- agency tions
Standard soon Methods every
Water Quality Quality Water for year
Construction stage stage Construction Examina for 2 tion of years Water and Wastew ater
5 - 23 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Institutional MONITORING Responsibilities
Paramete Special Standard Freque Implemen Supervisi Location Duration
Environment Environment component Project Stage rs Guidance s ncy tation on pH, Grab Water STP End of - M/s M/s BOD,CO sample quality Influent sum- Madhav Madhav D,TDS,TS collected standard STP mer aram aram S, DO, from s by treated before Construc Construc Pb, Oil source CPCB Effluent the tions tions and and onset Grease. analyse of as per mon- Standard soon in Methods 2019, for 2020
Water Quality Water Examina and
Occupation stage stage Occupation tion of 2021
Water
and Daily Society Wastew
ater Daily Society
5 - 24 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Institutional MONITORING Responsibilities
Paramete Special Standard Freque Implemen Supervisi Location Duration
Environment Environment component Project Stage rs Guidance s ncy tation on Noise Free Noise At Once Readings Contract Environm levels on field at 1 stan- equipmen every to be or ental dB (A) m from dards by t yards month taken at through Engineer, scale the CPCB (max) 15 ts - M/s equipme for two seconds proved Madhav nt years, interval moni- aram whose as for 15 toring Construc noise require minutes agency tions levels d by every are the hour and being engine then deter- er average mined. d. Noise Equivale Noise As Thrice Readings Contract Environm levels on nt noise stan- directed a year to be or ental Engineer,
Noise levels Noise dB (A) levels dards by by the for 2 taken at through scale using an CPCB Engineer years 15 ts - M/s Construction stage stage Construction inte- (At during seconds proved Madhav grated maximum the interval moni- aram noise 5 constr for 15 toring Construc level locations) uction minutes agency tions meter period. every kept at a hour and distance then of 15 average from the d. internal roads
5 - 25 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Institutional MONITORING Responsibilities
Paramete Special Standard Freque Implemen Supervisi Location Duration
Environment Environment component Project Stage rs Guidance s ncy tation on Noise Equivale Noise 1. At all Thrice Readings Society Society levels on nt noise stan- boundari in op- to be through dB (A) levels dards by es of the eration taken at an scale using an CPCB site. period, 15 approve inte- in seconds d grated Decem interval monitori noise ber for 15 ng level 2019, minutes agency meter Januar every kept at a y 2020 hour and
Occupation stage Occupation distance and then of 15 Januar average from y 2021. d. edge of paveme nt Monitori Sample Threshol At Once a - Contract Environm ng of Pb, of soil d for productive year or ental Cr, Cd collected each agricultura for 2 through Engineer, to contami- l lands in years an M/s acidified nant set the approve Madhav and by IRIS project d aram analysed database impact monitori Construc using of area to be ng tions
Soil Soil absorpti USEPA identified agency on until by the spectrop national environme Construction stage stage Construction ho- stan- ntal tometry dards engineer are promulg ated.
5 - 26 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Institutional MONITORING Responsibilities
Paramete Special Standard Freque Implemen Supervisi Location Duration
Environment Environment component Project Stage rs Guidance s ncy tation on Monitori Sample Threshol At As per Thrice in Society Society ng of of soil d for accident/ the op- heavy collected each spill occurr eration metals, to contami- locations ence of stage for oil and acidified nant set involving such monitori grease and by IRIS bulk inciden ng analyzed database transport ts turbidity using of carrying absorpti USEPA hazardous on until materials
Occupation stage Occupation spectrop national (5 ho- stan- locations tometry dards maximum) are promulg ated. Turbidity Visual As At the Pre- Engineer M/s in Storm obser- specified drains monso Madhav water vations by the on and aram during Water post- Construc Silt load site visits quality mon- tions in ponds standard soon s season
Construction stage stage Construction s for 2 years Turbidity Visual As Thrice Society Society in Storm obser- specified in pre- water vations by the monso
Soil Soil Erosion during Water on and Silt load site visits quality post- in ponds standard monso s on season s in Occupation stage stage Occupation 2019, 2020 and 2021.
5 - 27 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Institutional MONITORING Responsibilities
Paramete Special Standard Freque Implemen Supervisi Location Duration
Environment Environment component Project Stage rs Guidance s ncy tation on Monitori Visual To the At Storage Quarte Supervisi M/s ng of: obser- satisfac- area and rly in on Madhav 1. vations tion of con- the Engineer aram Storage will the M/s struction constr /consult Construc Area suffice. Madhav camps uction ant tions 2. These aram stage. Draina are to be Construc ge checked tions Arrang as and the ements specified stan- in the dards
Construction Stage Stage Construction 3. EMP. given in Sanitati the on in reportin Constr g form.
Construction Sites and Construction Camps Construction and Sites Construction uction Camps
5.9 REPORTING SYSTEM Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works and that the program is on schedule. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environment Management Plan get implemented in the project.
The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowest rung of the implementation system reporting to the Supervision Consultant, who in turn shall report to the M/s Madhavaram Constructions. All reporting by the contractor and Supervision Consultant shall be on a quarterly basis. M/s Madhavaram Constructions shall be responsible for preparing targets for each of the identified EMAP activities. All subsequent reporting by the contractor shall be monitored as per these targets set by the M/s Madhavaram Constructions, before the contractors move on to the site. The reporting by the Contractor will be a monthly report like report of progress on construction and will form the basis for monitoring by the M/s Madhavaram Constructions either by its own Environmental Cell or the Environmental Specialist hired by the Supervision Consultant.
Monitoring of facilities at construction camps Monitoring of air, noise, soil and water parameters including silt load Monitoring of survival rate of plantation. Monitoring of cleaning of drains and water bodies.
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5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET The environmental budget for the various environment management measures proposed in the EMP is detailed in Table 8.6 There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for which has been accounted for in the Engineering Costs. Moreover, since environmental enhancements have not been finalized at this stage, the table projects the typical costs aspect wise and the detailed cost estimate is presented in Annexure A.
Table 5.6 Environmental Budgets Capital cost in Rs. Lakhs Recurring cost in Rs. Lakhs S. Description NO. Construction Occupation Construction Occupation Phase Phase Phase Phase Air Pollution 1 7.5 -- 0.5 2.3 Control Water Pollution 2 54.1 -- 7.8 17.5 Control Noise Pollution 3 1.6 -- 0.7 0.3 Control Environmental 4 Monitoring & 0.2 3.5 0.3 0.7 Management Green belt & 5 Open area 1.7 0.3 0.3 1.4 development 6 Solid Waste 5.5 0.6 1.3 3.0 7 Others 45.9 -- 0.9 3.1
Total 116.5 4.4 11.9 28.4
5.11 Horticultural and Landscaping Works (a) Scope The Horticultural and Landscaping works may be entrusted to a contractor. It would generate local employment if the plantation, upkeep and maintenance of the green belt were entrusted to local VSS bodies. Detailed drawings and designs of landscaping will be drawn after completion of the detailed designing. The following precautions must be taken while undertaking horticulture and landscaping works. The M/s Madhavaram Constructions project will have greenery by way of avenue plantation and central green. The scheme of plantation and the figures are presented in mitigation chapter. The upkeep and the management of the greening are presented as follows:
5 - 29 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement b) Materials Plant Materials Plant Materials shall be well formed and shaped true to type, and free from disease, insects and defects such as knots, sun-scaled, windburn, injuries, abrasion or disfigurement.
All plant materials shall be healthy, sound, vigorous, free from plant diseases, insects pests, of their eggs, and shall have healthy, well-developed root systems. All plants shall be hardy under climatic conditions similar to those in the locally of the project. Plants supplied shall to confirm to the names listed on both the plan and the plant list. No plant material will be accepted if branches are damaged or broken. All material must be protected from the sun and weather until planted.
Any nursery stock shall have been inspected and approved by the Environmental Specialist or the Engineer. All plants shall conform to the requirements specified in the plant list. Except that plants larger then specified may be used if approved, but use of such plants shall not increase the contract price. If the use of the larger plant is approved, the spread of roots or ball of earth shall be increased in proportion to the size of plant. Deliver plants with legible identification labels.
Top Soil (Good Earth) Topsoil or good earth shall be a friable loam, typical of cultivated top soils of the locality containing at least 2% of decayed organic matter (humus). It shall be taken from a well- drained arable site. It shall be free of subsoil, stones, earth skids, sticks, roots or any other objectionable extraneous matter or debris. It shall contain no toxic material. No topsoil shall be delivered in a muddy condition. It shall have pH value ranging between 6 and 8.5.
Fertiliser Measurement of sludge shall be in stacks, with 8% reduction for payment. It shall be free from extraneous matter, harmful bacteria insects or chemicals. (Subjected to safety norms).
Root System The root system shall be conducive to successful transplantation. While necessary, the root-ball shall be preserved by support with Hessian or other suitable material. On soils where retention of a good ball is not possible, the roots should be suitably protected in such a way that the roots are not damaged.
Condition Trees and shrubs shall be substantially free from pests and diseases, and shall be materially undamaged. Torn or lacerated roots shall be pruned before dispatch. No roots shall be subjected to adverse conditions such as prolonged exposure to drying winds or subjection to water logging between lifting and delivery.
(c) Supply and Substitution Upon submission of evidence that certain materials including plant materials are not available at time of contract, the contractor shall be permitted to substitute with an 5 - 30 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement equitable adjustment of price. All substitutions shall be of the nearest equivalent species and variety to the original specified and shall be subjected to the approval of the Landscape Architect.
(d) Packaging Packaging shall be adequate for the protection of the plants and such as to avoid heating or drying out.
(e) Marking Each specimen of tree and shrub, or each bundle, shall be legibly labelled with the following particulars: Its name. The name of the supplier, unless otherwise agreed. The date of dispatch from the nursery.
(f) Tree Planting Plants and Shrubs Trees should be supplied with adequate protection as approved. After delivery, if planting is not to be carried out immediately, balled plants should be placed back to back and the ball covered with sand to prevent drying out. Bare rooted plants can be heeled in by placing the roots in prepared trench and covering them with earth, which should be watered into, avoid air pockets round the roots. Trees and shrubs shall be planted as shown in architectural drawings and with approval of site supervision engineer.
Digging of Pits Tree pits shall be dug a minimum of three weeks prior to backfilling. The pits shall be 120 cm in diameter and 120 cm deep. While digging the pits, the topsoil up to a depth of 30 cm may be kept aside, if found good (depending upon site conditions), and mixed with the rest of the soil.
If the side of the below, it shall be replaced with the soil mixture as specified further herein. If the soil is normal it shall be mixed with manure; river sand shall be added to the soil if it is heavy. The bottom of the pit shall be forked to break up the subsoil.
Back Filling The soil back filled watered through and gently pressed down, a day previous to planting, to make sure that it may not further settle down after planting. The soil shall be pressed down firmly by treading it down, leaving a shallow depression all round for watering.
Planting No tree pits shall be dug until final tree position has been pegged out for approval. Care shall be taken that the plant sapling when planted is not be buried deeper than in the nursery, or in the pot. Planting should not be carried out in waterlogged soil. Plant trees at the original soil depth; soil marks on the stem is an indication of this and should be maintained on the finished level, allowing for setting of the soil after planting. All
5 - 31 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement plastic and other imperishable containers should be removed before planting. Any broken or damage roots should be cut back to sound growth.
The bottom of the planting pit should be covered with 50mm to 75mm of soil. Bare roots should be spread evenly in the planting pit; and small mound in the centre of the pits on which the roots are placed will aid on even spread. Soil should be placed around the roots, gently shaking the tree to allow the soil particles to shift into the root system to ensure close contact with all roots and prevent air pockets. Back fill soil should be firmed as filling proceeds, layer by layer, care being taken to avoid damaging the roots, as follows:
The balance earth shall be filled in a mixture of 1:3 (1 part sludge to 3 part earth by volume) with 50 gm potash, (Mop) 50gms of Super Phosphate and 1Kg. Neem oil cake. Aldrin or equivalent shall be applied every 15 days in a mixture of 5ml in 5 litres of water.
Staking Newly planted trees must be held firmly although not rigidly by staking to prevent a pocket forming around the stem and newly formed fibrous roots being broken by mechanical pulling as the tree rocks.
Methods: The main methods of staking shall be: (a) A single vertical shake, 900mm longer than the clear stem of the tree, driven 600mm to 900mm into the soil. (b) Two stakes as above driven firmly on either side of the tree with a cross bar to which the stem is attached. Suitable for bare- rooted or Ball material. (c) A single stake driven in at an angle at 45 degrees and leaning towards the prevailing wind, the stem just below the lowest branch being attached to the stake. Suitable for small bare- rooted or Ball material (d) For plant material 3m to 4.5m high with a single stem a three- wire adjustable guy system may be used in exposed situations.
The end of stake should be pointed and the lower 1m to 1.2m should be coated with a non-injurious wood preservative allowing at least 150mm above ground level.
Tying Each tree should be firmly secured to the stake so as to prevent excessive movement. Abrasion must be avoided by using a buffer, rubber or Hessian, between the tree and stake. The tree should be secured at a point just below its lowest branch, and also just above ground level; normally two ties should be used for tree. These should be adjusted or replaced to allow for growth.
Watering The Landscape Contractor should allow for the adequate watering in of all newly planted trees and shrubs immediately after planting and he shall during the following growing season, keep the plant material well watered.
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Fertilising Fertilising shall be carried out by application in rotation of the following fertilisers, every 15 days from the beginning of the monsoon till the end of winter:
(1) Sludge or organic well-rotted dry farm yard manure: 0.05 cum or tussle. (2) Urea 25 gm. (3) Ammonium sulphate 25 gm. (4) Potassium sulphate 25 gm.
All shrubs, which are supplied pot grown, shall be well soaked prior to planting. Watering in and subsequent frequent watering of summer planted container- grown plants is essential.
(g) Shrub Planting In Planter Beds All areas to be planted with shrubs shall be excavated, trenched to a depth of 750 mm, refilling the excavated earth after breaking clods and mixing with sludge in ratio 8:1 (8 parts of stacked volume of earth after reduction by 20%: 1 part of stacked volume of sludge after reduction by 8%.)
Tall shrubs may need staking, which shall be provided if approved by the contracting consulting engineer, depending upon the conditions of individual plant specimen. For planting shrubs and ground cover shrubs in planters, good earth shall be mixed with sludge in the proportion as above and filled in planters.
Positions of planters shall be planted should be marked out in accordance with the architectural drawing. When shrubs are set out, precautions should be taken to prevent roots drying. Planting holes 40 cm in diameter, and 40 cm deep should be excavated for longer shrubs. Polythene and other non-perishable containers should be removed and any badly damaged roots carefully pruned. The shrubs should then be set in holes so that the soil level, after settlement, will be original soil mark on the stem of the shrub. The holes should be back filled to half of its depth and firmed by treading. The remainder of the soil can then be returned and again firmed by treading.
(h) Grassing Preparation During period prior to planting the ground shall be maintained free from weeds. Grading and final weeding of the area shall be completed at least three weeks prior to the actual sowing. Regular watering shall be continued until sowing by dividing the area into portions of approximately 5m squares by constructing small bunds to retain water. These 'bunds' shall be levelled just prior to sowing of grass plants; it shall be ensured that the soil has completely settled.
Soil The soil itself shall be ensured to the satisfaction of Landscape Architect to be a good fibrous loam, rich in humus.
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Sowing the grass roots Grass roots (cynodon, dectylon or a local genus approved by the Landscape Architect) shall be obtained from a grass patch, seen and approved before hand.
The grass roots stock received at site shall be manually cleared of all weeds and water sprayed over the same after keeping the stock in place protected from sun and dry winds. Grass stock received at site may be stored for a maximum of three days. In case grassing for some areas is scheduled for a later date fresh stock of grass roots shall be ordered and obtained.
Execution Small roots shall be dibbled about 5 cm apart into the prepared grounds. Grass will only be accepted as reaching practical completion when germination has proved satisfactory and all weeds have been removed.
Maintenance As soon as the grass is approximately a 3cm high it shall be rolled with a light wooden roller – in fine, dry weather – and when it has grown to 5 to 8 cm, above to ground weeds must be removed and regular cutting with the scythe and rolling must be begun. A top-dressing of an ounce of guano to the square yard or well decomposed well broken sludge manure shall be applied when the grass is sufficiently secure in the ground to bear the mowing machine, the blades must be raised an inch above the normal level for the first two or three cuttings. That is to say, the grass should be cut so that it is from 4 to 5 cm in length, instead of the 3 cm necessary for mature grass.
In the absence of rain, in the monsoon, the lawn shall be watered every ten days heavily, soaking the soil through to a depth of at least 20 cm.
Damage failure or dying back of grass due to neglect of watering especially for seeding out of normal season shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Any shrinkage below the specified levels during the contract or defect liability period shall be rectified at the contractor's expense. The Contractor is to exercise care in the use of rotary cultivator and mowing machines to reduce to a minimum the hazards of flying stones and brickbats. All rotary mowing machines are to be fitted with safety guards.
Rolling A light roller shall be used periodically, taking care that the area is not too wet and sodden.
Edging These shall be kept neat and must be cut regularly with the edging shears.
Fertilising The area shall be fed once in a month with liquid manure prepared by dissolving 45gms of ammonium sulphate in 5 litres of water.
5 - 34 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
Watering Water shall be applied at least once in three days during dry weather. Watering whenever done should be thorough and should wet the soil at least up to a depth of 20 cm.
Weeding Prior to regular mowing the contractor shall carefully remove rank and unsightly weeds.
Cultivating The Landscape Contractor shall maintain all planted areas within Landscape contract boundaries for one year until the area is handed over in whole or in phases. Maintenance shall include replacement of dead plants, watering, weeding, cultivating, control of insects, fungus and other diseases by means of spraying with an approved insecticide or fungicide, pruning, and other horticulture operations necessary for proper growth of the plants and for keeping the landscape sub-contract area neat in appearance.
Pruning and Repairs Upon completion of planting work of the landscape sub-contract all trees should be pruned and all injuries repaired where necessary. The amount of pruning shall be limited to the necessary to remove dead or injured twigs and branches and to compensate for the loss of roots and the result of the transplanting operations. Pruning shall be done in such a manner as not to change the natural habit or special shape of trees.
Tree Guards Where the tree guards are necessary, care should be taken to ensure that they do not impede natural movement or restrict growth. Circular iron tree guards shall be provided for the trees at enhancement locations. The specifications for which one given below:
Circular Iron Tree Guard with Bars. The tree guard shall be 50 cm. in diameter.
The tree guards shall be formed of (i) 5 Nos. 25x25x3mm angle iron verticals 2.00m long excluding splayed outward at lower end up to an extent of 10 cms. (ii) 3 Nos. 25x25mm MS flat rings fixed as per design (iii) 15 Nos. 1.55 metres long 6mm dia bars. Each ring shall be in two parts in the ratio of 1:2 and their ends shall be turned in radially for a length of 4 cm at which they are bolted together with 8mm dia and 30mm long MS bolts and nuts.
The vertical angle irons shall be welded to rings along the circumference with electric plant 15 Nos. bars shall be welded to rings at equal spacing along the circumference of ring. The lower end of the angle iron verticals shall be splayed outwards up to an extent of 10cm. The lower end of the flat of lower ring shall be at a height of 45cm. and upper end of the flat of top ring shall be at the height of 2.00 metres. The middle ring shall be in the centre of top and lower ring. The bars shall be welded to rings as shown in the drawing. The entire tree guard shall be given two coats of paint of approved brand and of required shade over a priming coat of ready mixed primer of approved brand.
5 - 35 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
(i) Nursery Stack Planting should be carried out as soon as possible after reaching the site. Where planting must be a necessity and/or be delayed, care should be taken to protect the plants from pilfering or damage from people animals. Plants with bare-roots should be heeled- in as soon as received or otherwise protected from drying out, and others set closely together and protected from the wind. If planting is to be delayed for more than a week, packaged plants should be unpacked, the bundles opened up and each group of plants heeled in separately and clearly labelled. If for any reason the surface of the roots becomes dry the roots should be thoroughly soaked before planting.
(j) Protective Fencing According to local environment, shrubs shall be protected adequately from vandalism until established.
(k) Completion On completion, the ground shall be formed over and left tidy.
5.12 Water Conservation Measures Water conservation measures must be adopted during the occupation stage that would conserve the natural resource and also reduce the pressure on other users. Typical lists of water conservation measures are presented as follows;
Household Water Saving Measures 1. There are a number of ways to save water and they all start with you. 2. When washing dishes by hand, don't let the water run while rinsing. Fill one sink with wash water and the other with rinse water. 3. Check your sprinkler system frequently and adjust sprinklers so only your lawn is watered and not the house, sidewalk, or street. 4. Run your washing machine and dishwasher only when they are full and you could save 3785 liters a month. 5. Avoid planting turf in areas that are hard to water such as steep inclines and isolated strips along sidewalks and driveways. 6. Install covers on pools and check for leaks around your pumps. 7. Use the garbage disposal less often. 8. Plant during rainy season and or winter when the watering requirements are lower. 9. Check your water meter and bill to track your water usage. 10. Always water during the early morning hours, when temperatures are cooler, to minimize evaporation. 11. Wash your produce in the sink or a pan that is partially filled with water instead of running water from the tap. 12. Use a layer of organic mulch around plants to reduce evaporation and save hundreds of liters of water a year. 13. Use a broom instead of a hose to clean your driveway and sidewalk and save up to 303 liters of water every time. 14. If your shower can fill 4 liters bucket in less than 20 seconds, and then replace it with a water-efficient showerhead. 15. Collect the water you use for rinsing produce and reuse it to water houseplants. 5 - 36 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
16. Water your lawn in several short sessions rather than one long one. This will allow the water to be better absorbed. 17. We’re more likely to notice leaky faucets indoors, but don’t forget to check outdoor faucets, pipes, and hoses for leaks. 18. Only water your lawn when needed. You can tell this by simply walking across your lawn. If you leave footprints, it’s time to water. 19. When you shop for a new appliance, keep in mind that one offering several different cycles will be more water and energy-efficient. 20. Time your shower to keep it under 5 minutes. You’ll save up to 3785 liters a month. 21. Install low-volume toilets. 22. When you clean your fish tank, use the water you’ve drained on your plants. The water is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, providing you with a free and effective fertilizer. 23. Water small areas of grass by hand to avoid waste. 24. Put food coloring in your toilet tank. If it seeps into the toilet bowl, you have a leak. It's easy to fix, and you can save more than 2271 liters a month. 25. Plug the bathtub before turning the water on, then adjust the temperature as the tub fills up. 26. Use porous materials for walkways and patios to keep water in your yard and prevent wasteful runoff. 27. Designate one glass for your drinking water each day. This will cut down on the number of times you run your dishwasher/wash your utensils. 28. Instead of using a hose or a sink to get rid of paints, motor oil, and pesticides, disposes of them properly by recycling or sending them to a hazardous waste site. 29. Install a rain shut-off device on your automatic sprinklers to eliminate unnecessary watering. 30. Don’t use running water to thaw food. 31. Choose water-efficient drip irrigation for your trees, shrubs, and flowers. Watering roots is very effective, be careful not to over water. 32. Grab a wrench and fix that leaky faucet. It’s simple, inexpensive, and can save 530 liters a week. 33. Cut back on the amount of grass in your yard by planting shrubs and ground cover or landscaping with rock. 34. When doing laundry, match the water level to the size of the load. 35. Teach your children to turn the faucets off tightly after each use. 36. Remember to check your sprinkler system valves periodically for leaks and keep the heads in good shape. 37. Before you lather up, install a low-flow showerhead. They’re inexpensive, easy to install, and can save your family more than 1900 liters a week. 38. Soak your pots and pans instead of letting the water run while you scrape them clean. 39. Don’t water your lawn on windy days. After all, sidewalks and driveways don’t need water. 40. Water deeply but less frequently to create healthier and stronger landscapes. 41. Make sure you know where your master water shut-off valve is located. This could save liters of water and damage to your home if a pipe were to burst. 42. When watering grass on steep slopes, use a soaker hose to prevent wasteful runoff.
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43. To get the most from your watering time, group your plants according to their water needs. 44. Remember to weed your lawn and garden regularly. Weeds compete with other plants for nutrients, light, and water. 45. While fertilizers promote plant growth, they also increase water consumption. Apply the minimum amount of fertilizer needed. 46. Avoid installing ornamental water features unless the water is being recycled. 47. Use a commercial car wash that recycles water. 48. Don’t buy recreational water toys that require a constant flow of water. 49. Turn off the water while you brush your teeth and save 15 liters a minute. That’s 760 liters a week for a family of four. 50. Encourage your school system and local government to help develop and promote a water conservation ethic among children and adults. 51. Teach your family how to shut off your automatic watering systems so anyone who is home can turn sprinklers off when a storm is approaching. 52. Set a kitchen timer when watering your lawn or garden with a hose. 53. Make sure your toilet flapper doesn’t stick open after flushing. 54. Make sure there are aerators on all of your faucets.
5.13 Energy Efficiency Measures in a Typical Household 5.13.1 Hot Water Repair leaky faucets. Reduce the temperature setting of your water heater to warm (500 C). Add an insulating blanket to your water heater. Install low-flow showerheads. Wash clothes in warm or cold water using the appropriate water level setting for the load. Replace water heater, when needed, with an energy efficient model.
Major Appliances and Other Appliances Maintain refrigerator at 2 to 50 C and freezer section at –15 0 C. Maintain stand alone freezer at 0 F. Choose a refrigerator/freezer with automatic moisture control. Use toaster ovens or microwave ovens for cooking small meals. Adjust the flame on gas cooking appliances so it’s blue, not yellow. Replace a gas-cooking appliance with a unit with an automatic, electric ignition system. Run the dishwasher only with a full load of dishes. Air dry dishes in a dishwasher. Shut down home computers when not in use. Select appliances (i.e., curling irons, coffee pots, irons) with time limited shut off switches. Replace aging major appliances, TVs and VCRs when needed, with energy efficient models. Replacing a 1970s refrigerator with an energy efficiency refrigerator. This can save over 2,000 kWh per year. This will also reduce carbon dioxide emissions by over 2,000 pounds every year. Increase Air Conditioner thermostat by 3 degrees F. This can save over 900 kWh per year, annually and over 900 pounds of carbon dioxide each year. Depending 5 - 38 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
on the size of your home, you can save 3% on your cooling costs for every degree you raise your thermostat in the summer. Raising the thermostat from 73 to 78 F degrees can reduce cooling costs by 15%. Make sure your air conditioner is the proper size for the area you are cooling. An air conditioner that is too large will use more electricity than needed; an air conditioner that is too small will have to work harder to cool a space. The recommended Air conditioners based on the room size are as follows:
Area To Be Cooled (sq. ft.) Capacity (BTU/HR) 100 to 150 5,000 150 to 250 6,000 250 to 300 7,000 300 to 350 8,000 350 to 400 9,000 400 to 450 10,000 450 to 550 12,000 500 to 700 14,000 700 to 1,000 18,000 Only run the washing machine, dryer, and dishwasher when you have full loads. Cool only the rooms you use and utilize fans when the temperature is moderate. Lighting Turn off lights when not in use.
Use task lighting whenever possible instead of brightly lighting an entire room.
Install compact fluorescent lamps in the fixtures which receive high use. Replace the five most frequently used incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs. This will save over 500 kWh per year, and over 500 pounds of CO2.
5.14 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Construction sites in general do not handle toxic and or hazardous chemicals in large quantities, and the usage of the same is temporary for specific tasks. However the construction activity has a number of hazards resulting injuries and fatalities, and are not reported widely due to the unorganized nature of construction professions. The proposed project shall ensure the safety of workers and equipment to reduce and mitigate hazards. The hazards and mitigation measures due to various construction activities, and hazards to specific professions of construction are discussed as follows;
Site planning and layout Site planning is essential to ensure safety and health of workers, in urban work sites which have space constraints. Site planning shall reduce and or help avoiding accidents due to collision of men with material and equipment etc. It is essential to plan the sequence of construction operations, access for workers on and around the site with signage, location of work shops for welding, carpentary etc., location of first air facility, adequate lighting for work areas, site security by provision of fence
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or barricades, arrangements to keep the site tidy and for collection and removal of wastes.
Site tidiness All the construction workers are briefed about the importance of keeping the site tidy, by clearing the rubbish and scrap at the end of the day, to keep the work area clear of equipment and material, by depositing the waste in a designated location, by cleaning up spills of materials.
Excavation Excavation for foundation and trenches involves removal of soil and rock. Excavation or trenching plan shall consider underground services if any. The hazards related to excavation are face collapse and injury or burial of workers by soil and rock, fall and slip of people in excavated pits and trenches, and injury to workers due to falling material or equipment. The precautions to be taken are protection of excavation faces by support material, erection of shoring along trenches.
Urban areas have building properties adjacent to the developing site, in such cases it is necessary to shore the face of adjacent property to avoid fall or collapse of neighboring land or wall. Vehicular movement surrounding the excavated area needs to be restricted so as to avoid face collapse, and possible injury to workers. Excavation areas shall be provided with adequate lighting.
Scaffolding One of the important and serious safety risks in construction activity is fall of person from a height and fall of materials and objects from height resulting in injury to workers. Scaffold is a supporting structure connecting two are more platforms used for either storage of materials or as a work place. Guard rails and toe boards shall be provided at every place where the height of scaffolding is more than 2 m. It shall be ensured that scaffold is anchored and tied to the building, it is not overloaded with men and material, it is examined (both bamboo or wood and rope) frequently for infection by insects, and that timber, if used, is not painted.
Ladders Ladders are most commonly used equipment, as it is readily available and inexpensive, and is used widely. However the limitations of ladders are overlooked resulting in injuries and fatalities. Ladders have limitations; allows only one person to work, climb, and carry materials or work with one hand, restricts movement, should be secured all the time either using ropes or other people. It is essential to secure the ladder before use. The safe use of ladder involves; ensuring that there are no overhead power lines, ladder extends at least one meter above the landing place, never use props to extend the height of ladder, facing the ladder while climbing or descending, making sure foot ware of ladder user is free of mud and grease, not to over balance or over reach and using a hoist line instead of carrying materials.
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Steel erection of building frames requires construction work at heights and in exposed positions. However planning at the design stage, setting the sequence of operations, supervising during construction, and usage of personal protective equipment like safety belts in addition to provision of safety nets, anchorage points etc.
Confined Spaces Construction work in confined spaces like open manholes, sewers, trenches, pipes, ducts etc. may have dangerous atmosphere due to lack of oxygen or due to presence of flammable or toxic gases. Work confined space is always conducted under supervision, with adequate safety measures like; checking the atmosphere in confined space before entry, provision of rescue harness to everyone, involvement of minimum of two persons – one person for monitoring and ready for rescuing if needed, provision of safety equipment like atmospheric testing device, safety harness, torch light, first aid equipment, fire fighting apparatus, and resuscitation equipment.
Vehicles The construction area shall have multiples of vehicles moving material with in the site and from out side the site. The most common causes of onsite traffic incidents are; bad driving technique, carelessness, carrying unauthorized passengers, poor maintenance of vehicles, site congestion, overloading, and uneven ground and debris. It is proposed to ensure that all drivers have appropriate driving license, routes are planned, marked and leveled, enlisting additional workers during reversing, switching off the engine during idling, and periodic maintenance schedule for all vehicles.
Movement of materials – Cranes and Hoists Cranes and hoists are used for movement of materials within the site. The operators of these machines are qualified and the cabins will have a signal chart to understand the signals given by site workers. The site workers are trained in signals for transmitting to the operators of these machines. Stability of these machines and overloading are major concerns while operating these machines, hence it is necessary to avoid overloading, and to ensure structural stability of these machines before use. The cranes will have safety hooks, and the workers are trained in using the same, and criticality of the hook. In case of hoists, it will be ensured that a gate is provided at each platform, travel of passengers is avoided, and platforms are always aligned with landing points.
Lifting and Carrying Construction work involves a lot of manual labour resulting in stress and injury to the workers. It is proposed to provide wheel burrows, trolleys etc., to avoid manual carrying of materials. In situations where manual lifting of materials is needed, the workers are trained in safety related to correct lifting technique, throwing technique in addition to provision of personal protective equipment.
Working positions tools and equipment 5 - 41 Team Labs and Consultants Madhavaram Constructions Environmental Impact Statement
There is an increased reliance of tools and equipment in the construction industry in the past 15 years resulting in reduced risk of physical exhaustion. However the equipment, working positions in using the equipment have its own hazards, which need to be avoided to reduce risks like musculoskeletal disorders. It will be ensured that workers preferably work in sitting posture with necessary tools handy, to avoid physical exertion, the right tools are provided, and carrying tools in pockets avoided, and worn out tools are replaced in time. In case of power driven tools, the dangerous part of the machinery is always covered, the tool is never left in operation when not in use, and power is switched off immediately in case of any incident, to avoid physical injury to workers.
Working Environment Many chemical substances like adhesives, cleaning agents, floor treatments, fungicides, cements, grouts, insulants, sealants, paints, solvents etc. Solvents are critical substances which require due attention as they are flammable and or toxic in few cases. The usage of these chemical substances is always ensured to follow the instructions mentioned by the manufacturers. Solvents will not be used for removal of paints and grease from skin. Personal protective equipment is provided by the proponent and or the contractor and the site safety executive shall ensure the same. Construction sites are also major sources of noise resulting in hearing impairment. Hence it will be ensured that all emission sources are provided with mufflers or silencers, motors are covered, machinery panels are secured and are not allowed to rattle, and noise attenuating screens are provided to segregate noisy working areas, in addition to provision of personal protective equipment. Gloves are used when using Vibration causing equipment. Adequate lighting is provided in work areas to mitigate hazards.
Health Hazards on Construction Sites Construction works involve various trades with variable times of operation. Construction operations have a number of potential hazardous operations and resulting in health hazards to workers. Exposure differs from trade to trade, from job to job, by the day, even by the hour. Exposure to any one hazard is typically intermittent and of short duration, but is likely to reoccur. A worker may not only encounter hazards related to his profession, but also encounters hazards related to other professions in the vicinity. This pattern of exposure is a consequence of having many employers with jobs of relatively short duration and working alongside workers in other trades that generate other hazards. The hazard severity is contingent on concentration and duration of exposure in a specific construction work. A list of hazards present for workers in various trades is presented in table 5.7. Table 5.7 list of hazards present for workers in various trades Occupations Hazards Brick masons Cement dermatitis, awkward postures, heavy loads Stonemasons Cement dermatitis, awkward postures, heavy loads Hard tile setters Vapour from bonding agents, dermatitis, awkward postures
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Occupations Hazards Carpenters Wood dust, heavy loads, repetitive motion Drywall installers Plaster dust, walking on stilts, heavy loads, awkward postures Electricians Heavy metals in solder fumes, awkward posture, heavy loads, asbestos dust Electrical power Heavy metals in solder fumes, heavy loads, asbestos installers and repairers dust Painters Solvent vapours, toxic metals in pigments, paint additives Paperhangers Vapours from glue, awkward postures Plasterers Dermatitis, awkward postures Plumbers Fumes and particles, welding fumes Pipefitters Fumes and particles, welding fumes, asbestos dust Carpet layers Knee trauma, awkward postures, glue and glue vapour Soft tile installers Bonding agents Concrete and terrazzo Awkward postures finishers Glaziers Awkward postures Insulation workers Asbestos, synthetic fibers, awkward postures Paving, surfacing and Asphalt emissions, gasoline and diesel engine tamping equipment exhaust, heat operators Sheet metal duct Awkward postures, heavy loads, noise installers Structural metal Awkward postures, heavy loads, working at heights installers Welders Welding emissions Solderers Metal fumes, lead, cadmium Drillers, earth, rock Silica dust, whole-body vibration, noise Air hammer operators Noise, whole-body vibration, silica dust Pile driving operators Noise, whole-body vibration Hoist and winch Noise, lubricating oil operators Crane and tower Stress, isolation operators Excavating and loading Silica dust, histoplasmosis, whole-body vibration, machine operators heat stress, noise Grader, dozer and Silica dust, whole-body vibration, heat noise scraper operators Highway and street Asphalt emissions, heat, diesel engine exhaust construction workers
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Occupations Hazards Truck and tractor Whole-body vibration, diesel engine exhaust equipment operators Demolition workers Asbestos, lead, dust, noise Hazardous waste Heat, stress workers
Construction Hazards Hazards for construction workers are typically of four classes: chemical, physical, biological and social.
Chemical hazards Chemical hazards are mainly due to inhalation of dusts, fumes, mists, vapours or gases, although some airborne hazards may settle on and be absorbed through the intact skin (e.g., pesticides and some organic solvents). Chemical hazards also occur in liquid or semi-liquid state (e.g., glues or adhesives, tar) or as powders (e.g., dry cement). Skin contact with chemicals in this state can occur in addition to possible inhalation of the vapor resulting in systemic poisoning or contact dermatitis. Chemicals might also be ingested with food or water, or might be inhaled by smoking.
Several illnesses have been linked to the construction trades, among them: Silicosis among sand blasters and rock drill operators; Asbestosis (and other diseases caused by asbestos) among asbestos insulation workers, steam pipe fitters, building demolition workers and others; Bronchitis among welders, Skin allergies among masons and others who work with cement: Neurologic disorders among painters and others exposed to organic solvents.
Physical hazards Physical hazards are present in every construction project. These hazards include noise, heat and cold, radiation, vibration and barometric pressure. Construction work often must be done in extreme weather conditions. The usage of machines for construction is resulting in noise. The sources of noise are engines of all kinds (e.g., on vehicles, air compressors and cranes), winches, paint guns, pneumatic hammers, power saws, sanders, planers and many more. It affects not only the person operating the machine, but all the workers close-by. This may not only cause noise-induced hearing loss, but also may mask other sounds that are important for communication and for safety. Pneumatic hammers, many hand tools and earth- moving and other large mobile machines also subject workers to segmental and whole-body vibration. Heat and cold hazards arise primarily because a large portion of construction work is conducted while exposed to the weather, the principal source of heat and cold hazards. Heavy equipment operators may sit beside a hot engine and work in an enclosed cab with windows and without ventilation. Those that work in an open cab with no roof have no protection from the sun. A shortage of potable water or shade contributes to heat stress as well. The principal sources of non-ionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation are the sun and electric arc welding. Lasers are becoming more common and may cause injury, especially to the eyes, if the
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beam is intercepted. Strains and sprains are among the most common injuries among construction workers. These, and many chronically disabling musculoskeletal disorders (such as tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and low-back pain) occur as a result of either traumatic injury, repetitive forceful movements, awkward postures or overexertion. Falls due to unstable footing, unguarded holes and slips off scaffolding and ladders are very common.
Biological hazards Biological hazards are presented by exposure to infectious micro-organisms, to toxic substances of biological origin or animal attacks. Excavation workers, for example, can develop histoplasmosis, an infection of the lung caused by a common soil fungus. Since there is constant change in the composition of the labour force on any one project, individual workers come in contact with other workers and, as a consequence, may become infected with contagious diseases-influenza or tuberculosis, for example. Workers may also be at risk of malaria disease if work is conducted in areas where these organisms and their insect vectors are prevalent.
Social hazards Employment in construction sector is intermittent, and control over many aspects of employment is limited because construction activity is dependent on many factors over which construction workers have no control, such as the state of an economy or the weather. Because of the same factors, there can be intense pressure to become more productive. Since the workforce is constantly changing, and with it the hours and location of work, and many projects require living in work camps away from home and family, construction workers may lack stable and dependable networks of social support. Features of construction work such as heavy workload, limited control and limited social support are the very factors associated with increased stress in other industries. These hazards are not unique to any trade, but are common to all construction workers in one way or another.
Decreasing exposure concentration Three general types of controls can be used to reduce the concentration of occupational hazards. These are, from most to least effective: engineering controls at source, environmental controls that remove hazard from environment, personal protection equipment provided to the worker.
Engineering controls Hazards originate at a source. The most efficient way to protect workers from hazards is to change the primary source with some sort of engineering change. For example, a less hazardous substance can be substituted for one that is more hazardous. Water can be substituted for organic solvents in paints. Similarly, non- silica abrasives can replace sand in abrasive blasting (also known as sand blasting). Or a process can be fundamentally changed, such as by replacing pneumatic hammers with impact hammers that generate less noise and vibration. If sawing or drilling generates harmful dusts, particulate matter or noise, these processes could be done by shear cutting or punching. Technological improvements are reducing the risks of some musculoskeletal and other health problems. Many of the changes are straightforward-for example, a two-handed screwdriver with a longer handle
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increases torque on the object and reduces stress on the wrists.
Environmental controls Environmental controls are used to remove a hazardous substance from the environment, if the substance is airborne, or to shield the source, if it is a physical hazard. Provision of flexible Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) may be used. The simple and effective method for controlling exposure to radiant physical hazards (noise, ultraviolet (UV) radiation from arc welding, infrared radiant (IR) heat from hot objects) is to shield them with some appropriate material. Plywood sheets shield IR and UV radiation, and material that absorbs and reflects sound will provide some protection from noise sources. Major sources of heat stress are weather and hard physical labour. Adverse effects from heat stress can be avoided through reductions in the workload, provision of water and adequate breaks in the shade and, possibly, night work.
Personal protection When engineering controls or changes in work practices do not adequately protect workers, workers may need to use personal protective equipment (PPE). In order for such equipment to be effective, workers must be trained in its use, and the equipment must fit properly and be inspected and maintained. Furthermore, if others who are in the vicinity may be exposed to the hazard, they should either be protected or prevented from entering the area.
Eating and sanitary facilities A lack of eating and sanitary facilities may also lead to increased exposures. Often, workers cannot wash before meals and must eat in the work zone, which means they may inadvertently swallow toxic substances transferred from their hands to food or cigarettes. A lack of changing facilities at a worksite may result in transport of contaminants from the workplace to a worker’s home. It is proposed to provide separate temporary canteen and changing place for employees.
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Annexure - A
Detailed Cost Estimate Capital cost in (Rs. Lakhs) Recurring cost in (Rs. Lakhs) Description Construction Occupation Construction Occupation Phase Phase Phase Phase DG Stack 3.2 0.6 Air Pollution Personal protective equipment’s 0.3 0.4 0.1 Control Equipment maintenance 0.5 0.1 0.1 Sprinkling of water 3.5 1.4 Total 7.5 0.5 2.3 Sedimentation tank 0.3 0.1 Rain water harvesting pits 1.0 0.2 Rain water harvesting sump (KL) 1.0 0.3 Water Pollution Sewage treatment plant (KLD) 26.0 Control Temporary Toilets 0.6 0.1 Dual Plumbing 25.2 7.2 STP maintenance 17.5 Total 54.1 0.0 7.8 17.5 Noise Pollution Personal protective equipment’s 0.3 0.3 0.1 Control Acoustic enclosures 1.3 0.4 0.3 Total 1.6 0.7 0.3 Ambient air quality studies - Once 0.14 0.2 in six months - 2 locations Environmental Water quality studies - Once a 0.03 0.1 monitoring year - 2 Locations Noise studies - Once in six 0.04 0.1 months - 2 Locations STP Lab 3.5 0.7 Total 0.2 3.5 0.3 0.7 Green belt & Green belt 1.7 0.3 0.3 Open area Horticulturists & Gardeners 1.4 development Total 1.7 0.3 0.3 1.4 Construction waste storage 2.5 0.3 1.0 Solid Waste Garbage Segregation point 3.0 0.3 0.3 Garbage 3.0 Total 5.5 0.6 1.3 3.0 Solar lighting 1.2 0.2 0.2 Solar heaters 18.2 0.4 0.4 Barricade 2.6 Others Safety Signage 0.3 0.1 0.1 LED Lighting 0.3 0.2 0.0 Roof insulation 23.2 2.3 Training & Mobilization 0.1 0.1 Total 45.9 0.0 0.9 3.1 Grand Total 116.5 4.4 11.9 28.4
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MADHAVARAM CONSTRUCTIONS SURVEY NOS. 57 (PART) AND 61 (PART), WARD NO-3, BLOCK NO-B, MANSOORABAD, SAROOR NAGAR, RANG REDDY DISTRICT
Studies and Documentation by: M/s Team Labs and Consultants B-115, 116, 117 & 509, Annapurna Block, Aditya Enclave, Ameerpet, Hyderabad- 500 038 Phone: 91-040-23748555/616 Fax : 91-040-23748666 e-mail: [email protected]