The Road to Civil Justice Reform
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TRANSFORMING OUR CIVIL JUSTICE SYSTEM FOR THE 21ST CENTURY The Road to Civil Justice Reform In July 2016, the Conference of Chief Justices and the Conference of State Court Administrators adopted recommendations designed to secure the fair, speedy, and inexpensive resolution of civil cases in state courts. The Civil Justice Initiative (CJI) Recommendations present a comprehensive framework that features: 1) a pathway approach based on the concept of proportionality in which civil rules and court resources are matched to the unique needs of each case; 2) a radically different staffing model for civil case processing that delegates substantial responsibility for routine caseflow management to specially trained professional staff, supported by effective case automation, permitting judges to focus on tasks that require their unique training and expertise; and 3) a renewed focus on high-volume calendars that comprise the vast majority of contemporary civil caseloads, especially improved access for self-represented litigants, and greater attention to uncontested cases and greater security on claims to ensure procedural fairness for litigants. With support of a generous grant from the State Justice Institute, IAALS, the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System, and the National Center for State Courts have partnered on a three-year project to implement the CJI Recommendations. The CJI report, recommendations, and information about the CJI Implementation Plan are available at ncsc.org/civil and iaals.du.edu/cji. TRANSFORMING OUR CIVIL JUSTICE SYSTEM FOR THE 21ST CENTURY The Road to Civil Justice Reform Brittany K.T. Kauffman Senior Director & Brooke H. Meyer Manager April 2020 For reprint permission, please contact IAALS. Copyright © 2020 IAALS, the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System. All rights reserved. IAALS—Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System John Moye Hall, 2060 South Gaylord Way, Denver, CO 80208 Phone: 303-871-6600 http://iaals.du.edu IAALS, the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System, is a national, independent research center at the University of Denver dedicated to facilitating continuous improvement and advancing excellence in the American legal system. We are a “think tank” that goes one step further—we are practical and solution-oriented. Our mission is to forge innovative and practical solutions to problems within the American legal system. By leveraging a unique blend of empirical and legal research, innovative solutions, broad- based collaboration, communications, and ongoing measurement in strategically selected, high-impact areas, IAALS is empowering others with the knowledge, models, and will to advance a more accessible, efficient, and accountable American legal system. Scott Bales Executive Director Brittany K.T. Kauffman Senior Director Brooke H. Meyer Manager Janet Drobinske Senior Legal Assistant Logan Cornett Senior Research Analyst James Swearingen Research Assistant Table of Contents Introduction ................................................... 1 The Implementation Roadmap ..................................... 3 The Road to Civil Justice Reform in Idaho ............................ 6 Coordination with Other Reforms ............................... 9 The Road to Civil Justice Reform in Texas ........................... 12 Collaboration across Branches ................................. 15 The Road to Civil Justice Reform in Maine ........................... 17 Knowing When to Shift Gears is Essential ....................... 19 The Road to Civil Justice Reform in Missouri ........................ 21 Timing is Everything ........................................ 24 Recommendations and Themes ................................... 26 Leadership ................................................ 26 Assessment ................................................ 27 Engaging Stakeholders ....................................... 27 Developing Recommendations ................................ 29 Taking Action ............................................. 30 Conclusion ................................................... 31 Acknowledgments Our gratitude to the following organizations and individuals for their important contributions: • State Justice Institute • Conference of Chief Justices and Conference of State Court Administrators • Rebecca Love Kourlis • Mary McQueen • Paula Hannaford-Agor • Shelley Spacek-Miller • Tom Clarke • Chief Justice Thomas A. Balmer and the CCJ Civil Justice Improvements Committee, for their leadership • Scott Bales, Don Bivens, and the Arizona Civil Justice Reform Committee, for being the first followers In compiling these case studies, we also are indebted to the judges, attorneys, court staff, and other stakeholders who met with us to speak about their states’ reform efforts and gave so generously of their time and expertise: IDAHO ID Chief Justice Roger S. Burdick Sara B. Thomas Idaho Supreme Court Administrative Director, Chief Justice Jim Jones (Ret.) Idaho Administrative Office of the Courts Idaho Supreme Court Renae Bieri Justice Gregory W. Moeller Data and Evaluation Manager, Idaho Supreme Court Idaho Administrative Office of the Courts Chief Judge Molly J. Huskey Terry Fourtner Idaho Court of Appeals Judicial Assistant, Idaho Court of Appeals Judge Stephen S. Dunn Richard C. Boardman Sixth Judicial District Court of Idaho Partner, Perkins Coie Judge Steven Hippler James Cook Fourth Judicial District Court of Idaho Executive Director, Idaho Legal Aid Services Magistrate Judge Robert J. Caldwell Gary Cooper Magistrates Division Kootenai County, Partner, Cooper & Larsen First Judicial District of Idaho Brian Wonderlich General Counsel, Office of the Governor ME MAINE Chief Justice Leigh Ingalls Saufley James T. Glessner Maine Supreme Judicial Court State Court Administrator, Associate Justice Thomas E. Humphrey Maine Administrative Office of the Courts Maine Supreme Judicial Court Elizabeth Maddaus Justice Roland A. Cole (Ret.) Director of Clerks of Court, Maine Superior Court Maine Administrative Office of the Courts Justice Andrew M. Horton Elaine Clark Maine Superior Court Former Family Division and Civil Process Manager, Maine Administrative Office of the Courts Judge Peter Darvin Maine District Court Julie W. Howard Manager of Operations, York County, Judge Michael A. Duddy Maine Judicial Branch Maine District Court Laura Pearlman Judge John B. Lucy Manager, Civil Process and FDP, Maine District Court Administrative Office of the Courts Judge Susan Oram Jennifer Archer Maine District Court Maine Office of the Attorney General Rose Everitt Frank D’Allesandro Lead Law Clerk to the Chief Justice, Pine Tree Legal Assistance, Inc. Maine Supreme Judicial Court Eric Wycoff Partner, Pierce Atwood LLP MO MISSOURI Judge Patricia Breckenridge Kathy S. Lloyd Supreme Court of Missouri State Courts Administrator, Judge Gary D. Witt Missouri Office of State Courts Administrator Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District Betsy Aubuchon Judge Cynthia L. Martin Clerk of Court, Supreme Court of Missouri Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District Stephen H. Ringkamp Judge Gary W. Lynch Principal, Hullverson Law Firm Missouri Court of Appeals, Southern District Robert T. Adams Judge Mark H. Neill Co-Chair, General Liability Litigation Practice Group, Circuit Court, 22nd Judicial Circuit Shook, Hardy & Bacon, L.L.P Judge Daniel Pelikan Bria L. Davis Presiding Judge, 11th Judicial Circuit Associate, Shook, Hardy & Bacon, L.L.P Judge Kelly Broniec Associate Circuit Court Judge, 12th Judicial Circuit TX TEXAS Chief Justice Nathan L. Hecht David Slayton Supreme Court of Texas Administrative Director, Judge Les Hatch Office of Court Administration 237th District Court Judge Jeffrey Tsunekawa Nina Hess Hsu Director, Research & Court Services, General Counsel, Supreme Court of Texas Office of Court Administration Martha G. Newton Scott Griffith Staff Attorney to Chief Justice Nathan L. Hecht Former Director, Research & Court Services, Office of Court Administration Jaclyn Daumerie Rules Attorney, Supreme Court of Texas Megan LaVoie Public Affairs Director, Senator Judith Zaffirini Office of Court Administration Senator, Texas State Legislature Meredith Musick-Higgins Representative Jeff Leach Executive Assistant, Member, Texas House of Representatives, Office of Court Administration Texas State Legislature Kenneth S. Saks Andrew Hendrickson Partner, Oliva, Saks, Garcia & Curiel, LLP Legislative Aide to Texas State Senator Judith Zaffirini Evan Young Partner, Baker Botts LLP Introduction In July 2016, the Conference of Chief Justices (CCJ) and the Conference of State Court Administrators (COSCA) endorsed 13 recommendations for improving the American civil justice system. The report and recommendations, titled Call to Action: Achieving Civil Justice for All1, were the result of more than two years of research and work by the CCJ Civil Justice Improvements Committee, with support from the National Center for State Courts (NCSC) and IAALS, the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System. The Committee’s charge was to develop guidelines and best practices to ensure the just, prompt, and cost- effective resolution of civil cases in state courts.2 The resulting report provides a comprehensive set of national recommendations for civil justice reform, from the easy-to-implement to the transformational, all with the ultimate goal of ensuring access to justice in the twenty-first century. As former Chief Justice Thomas