Acanthus Ilicifolius

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Acanthus ilicifolius Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Acanthaceae Genus: Acanthus Species: A. ilicifolius PLANT PROFILE: Common name Holly Mangrove; Mangrove Holly; Mangrove, Holly-leaved; Holly-leaved Mangrove; Bear's Breech. Stem Usually flowers and fruits as a shrub about 1-1.5 m tall. Leaves Twigs with 2-4 axillary spines at each leaf node, each spine about 5-7 mm long. Leaf blades about 7.5-18.5 x 2.5-5 cm, holly-like (Ilex aquifolium) with about 4 or 5 major spine-tipped lobes on each side of the leaf blade with or without additional minor spine-tipped lobes. The major lateral veins extend to the margins of the leaf blade and then beyond the margins as spines about 2-3 mm long. Flowers Sepals four, two large and two small. Larger sepals 2-lobed at the apex. Lower lip of the corolla 3-lobed and upper lip absent. Corolla about 2.5 cm long. Stamens with thick curved bony filaments. Anthers 1-celled, with stiff white hairs along the sutures. Pollen yellow. Ovary green, glabrous with two superposed ovules in each locule. Style about 17-18 mm long, scarcely notched at the apex. Fruit Capsule about 17-25 mm long. Seeds about 6-9 x 5-6 mm. Testa 2-layered, the outer layer rugose and the inner smooth and transparent. The outer layer could perhaps be interpreted as an aril. Embryo green. Seedlings Cotyledons about 14-21 x 18-21 mm, rather thick and fleshy, base auriculate. First pair of leaves with toothed or smooth margins. At the tenth leaf stage: leaf margin armed with spines or pungent points. Stems clothed with purple, slightly raised glands. Distribution and Ecology Occurs in NT, CYP, NEQ and southwards to coastal central Queensland. Altitudinal range quite small, at or about sea level. Usually grows close to the sea. Often associated with mangroves. Also occurs in Asia, Malesia and the Pacific islands. Uses: It is used as medicine in asthma and rheumatism. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

261 Comparative Morphology and Anatomy of Few Mangrove Species
261 International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 2012, 3(1):001-017 Comparative Morphology and Anatomy of Few Mangrove Species in Sundarbans, West Bengal, India and its Adaptation to Saline Habitat Humberto Gonzalez Rodriguez1, Bholanath Mondal2, N. C. Sarkar3, A. Ramaswamy4, D. Rajkumar4 and R. K. Maiti4 1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Carr. Nac. No. 85, Km 145, Linares, N.L. Mexico 2Department of Plant Protection, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan (731 236), West Bengal, India 3Department of Agronomy, SASRD, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus, Medziphema (PO), DImapur (797 106), India 4Vibha Seeds, Inspire, Plot#21, Sector 1, Huda Techno Enclave, High Tech City Road, Madhapur, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (500 081), India Article History Abstract Manuscript No. 261 Mangroves cover large areas of shoreline in the tropics and subtropics where they Received in 30th January, 2012 are important components in the productivity and integrity of their ecosystems. High Received in revised form 9th February, 2012 variability is observed among the families of mangroves. Structural adaptations include Accepted in final form th4 March, 2012 pneumatophores, thick leaves, aerenhyma in root helps in surviving under flooded saline conditions. There is major inter- and intraspecific variability among mangroves. In this paper described morpho-anatomical characters helps in identification of family Correspondence to and genus and species of mangroves. Most of the genus have special type of roots which include Support roots of Rhizophora, Pnematophores of Avicennia, Sonneratia, Knee *E-mail: [email protected] roots of Bruguiera, Ceriops, Buttress roots of Xylocarpus. Morpho-anatomically the leaves show xerophytic characteristics.
[Show full text]
Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Mangrove Species of Acanthaceae Found in Indian Sundarban, As Revealed by RAPD Analysis
Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2015, 6(3):179-184 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Phylogenetic relationships among the mangrove species of Acanthaceae found in Indian Sundarban, as revealed by RAPD analysis Surya Shekhar Das 1, Swati Das (Sur) 2 and Parthadeb Ghosh* 1Department of Botany, Bolpur College, Birbhum, West Bengal, India 2Department of Botany, Nabadwip Vidyasagar College, Nadia, West Bengal, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT RAPD markers were successfully used to identify and differentiate all the five species of Acanthaceae found in the mangrove forest of Indian Sundarban, to assess the extent of interspecific genetic diversity among them, to reveal their molecular phylogeny and to throw some light on the systematic position of Avicennia. The dendrogram reveals that the five species under study exhibits an overall similarity of 60.7%. Avicennia alba and A. officinalis (cluster C1) have very close relationship between them and share a common node in the dendrogram at a 73.3% level of similarity. Avicennia marina and Acanthus ilicifolius (cluster C2) also have close relationship between them as evident by a common node in the dendrogram at 71.8% level of similarity. Acanthus volubilis showed 68.1% similarity with cluster C1 and 60.7% similarity with cluster C2. Our study also supported the view of placing Avicennia under Acanthaceae. Regarding the relative position of Avicennia within Acanthaceae, it was shown to be very close to Acanthoideae. In comparison to other species, A. marina showed most genetic variability, suggesting utilization of this species over others for breeding programme and as source material in in situ conservation programmes.
[Show full text]
GROUP C: OTHER GROUND-DWELLING HERBS (Not Grasses Or Ferns)
Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Other ground-dwelling herbs GROUP C: OTHER GROUND-DWELLING HERBS (not grasses or ferns) 327 Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Other ground-dwelling herbs Fig. 52. Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. (a) Habit, (b) bud, and (c) flower. 328 Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Other ground-dwelling herbs ACANTHACEAE 52 Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Synonyms : Unknown. Vernacular name(s) : Sea Holly (E), Jeruju (hitam) (Mal.), Jeruju (Ind.), Ô rô (Viet.), Trohjiekcragn pkapor sar, Trohjiekcragn slekweng (Camb.), Ngueak plaamo dok muang (Thai) Description : Acanthus ebracteatus resembles Acanthus ilicifolius (see next page), but all parts are smaller. Flowers measure 2-3 cm and are (usually) white; the fruit is shorter than 2.0 cm; seeds measure 5-7 mm. Flowers have only one main enveloping leaflet, as the secondary ones are usually rapidly shed. The species described by Rumphius as the male specimen of Acanthus ilicifolius was later identified by Merrill as Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Some authors regard Acanthus ebracteatus, Acanthus ilicifolius and Acanthus volubilis as one highly variable species (e.g. Heyne, 1950). Note that in Acanthus young leaves or leaves on the ends of branches may be unarmed (i.e. without spines), while older specimens may be armed. Ecology : Where this species occurs together with Acanthus ilicifolius the two seem distinct in the characters used in the descriptions, but they are often confused. Flowering usually occurs in June (in Indonesia). True mangrove species. Distribution : From India to tropical Australia, Southeast Asia and the west Pacific islands (e.g. Solomon Islands).
[Show full text]
ACANTHACEAE 爵床科 Jue Chuang Ke Hu Jiaqi (胡嘉琪 Hu Chia-Chi)1, Deng Yunfei (邓云飞)2; John R
ACANTHACEAE 爵床科 jue chuang ke Hu Jiaqi (胡嘉琪 Hu Chia-chi)1, Deng Yunfei (邓云飞)2; John R. I. Wood3, Thomas F. Daniel4 Prostrate, erect, or rarely climbing herbs (annual or perennial), subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely small trees, usually with cystoliths (except in following Chinese genera: Acanthus, Blepharis, Nelsonia, Ophiorrhiziphyllon, Staurogyne, and Thunbergia), isophyllous (leaf pairs of equal size at each node) or anisophyllous (leaf pairs of unequal size at each node). Branches decussate, terete to angular in cross-section, nodes often swollen, sometimes spinose with spines derived from reduced leaves, bracts, and/or bracteoles. Stipules absent. Leaves opposite [rarely alternate or whorled]; leaf blade margin entire, sinuate, crenate, dentate, or rarely pinnatifid. Inflo- rescences terminal or axillary spikes, racemes, panicles, or dense clusters, rarely of solitary flowers; bracts 1 per flower or dichasial cluster, large and brightly colored or minute and green, sometimes becoming spinose; bracteoles present or rarely absent, usually 2 per flower. Flowers sessile or pedicellate, bisexual, zygomorphic to subactinomorphic. Calyx synsepalous (at least basally), usually 4- or 5-lobed, rarely (Thunbergia) reduced to an entire cupular ring or 10–20-lobed. Corolla sympetalous, sometimes resupinate 180º by twisting of corolla tube; tube cylindric or funnelform; limb subactinomorphic (i.e., subequally 5-lobed) or zygomorphic (either 2- lipped with upper lip subentire to 2-lobed and lower lip 3-lobed, or rarely 1-lipped with 3 lobes); lobes ascending or descending cochlear, quincuncial, contorted, or open in bud. Stamens epipetalous, included in or exserted from corolla tube, 2 or 4 and didyna- mous; filaments distinct, connate in pairs, or monadelphous basally via a sheath (Strobilanthes); anthers with 1 or 2 thecae; thecae parallel to perpendicular, equally inserted to superposed, spherical to linear, base muticous or spurred, usually longitudinally dehis- cent; staminodes 0–3, consisting of minute projections or sterile filaments.
[Show full text]
Study on Distribution, Taxonomy and Economic Valuation of the Mangrove Genus Acanthus L. in Bhitarkanika National Park, Odisha
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm 2017 Vol.6 (2) April-June, pp.72-79/Panda et al. Research Article STUDY ON DISTRIBUTION, TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE MANGROVE GENUS ACANTHUS L. IN BHITARKANIKA NATIONAL PARK, ODISHA 1 4 1 1 2 2 *Muktipada Panda ’ , Rabindro Nath Samal , Susanta Nanda , Nikhil Lele , TVR Murthy , Ajit Kumar Pattnaik3, and Pradeep Kumar Chand4 1Chilika Development Authority, Government of Odisha, India 2Space Application Center (SAC/ISRO), Ahmadabad, Government of India 3IFS, Rtd., Ex. Chief Executive of Chilika Devlopment Authority, Govt. of Odisha, India 4Department of Botany, Utkal University, Odisha *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT Present study is the first taxonomic identification about occurrence of three herbaceous mangrove species (i.e., Acanthus ilicifolius L., Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl., and Acanthus volubilis Wall.) from Bhitarkanika National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary (Odisha), India. Among these species, A. ilicifolius L. is most common but both Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. and A. volubilis Wall were recorded as rare and site specific species of the genus Acanthus L.. The field investigation showed A. volubilis Wall. is frequently occur in association with other mangrove species like Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham., Avicennia officinalis L., Excoecaria agallocha L. as it is a climber species and need a host for its growth. The global distribution of these species shows they are mostly confined to South Asian countries. The present study emphasizes on taxonomic identification, site distribution, distinguishing and differentiating among the species and analysis of habitat suitability by studying soil physico-chemical requirements of each individual species.
[Show full text]
A NOVEL GREGARIOUS PHYTO MEDICINE for DIABETES Kanika Arora*, Meenu Nagpal, Upendra Jain, R.C
International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences Available online at http//www.ijrdpl.com October - November, 2014, Vol. 3, No.6, pp 1231-1244 ISSN: 2278-0238 Review Article MANGROVES: A NOVEL GREGARIOUS PHYTO MEDICINE FOR DIABETES Kanika Arora*, Meenu Nagpal, Upendra Jain, R.C. Jat, Suman Jain Department of Pharmaceutics; Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Mohali (Punjab)- India *Corresponding Author: Email [email protected] (Received: May 14, 2012; Accepted: July 19, 2012) ABSTRACT The current review is a appraisal that gives a general idea of diabetic mellitus, its cure using mangrove plants as herbal drugs. Despite substantial progress in the treatment of diabetes by oral hypoglycemic agents, hunt for newer drugs continues because the existing synthetic drugs have quite a few limitations. The herbal mangrove plants with antidiabetic activity are yet to be commercially formulated as modern medicines, even though the drugs have been acclaimed for their therapeutic properties in the traditional systems of medicine. This chapter highlights diverse mangrove plants available in Indian coastal areas and its antidiabetic activities. Keywords: Mangrove plants, Herbal drugs, Anti-diabetic activity. INTRODUCTION mellitus rates could mount to two or three folds than the The primordial literature revealed that the diabetes was present rates4. fairly known and well conceived as an entity in India as DIABETES – AN OVERVIEW “madhumeha”. The awareness of system of diabetes mellitus, Diabetes has been a experimental model for general as the history reveals, existed with the Indians since medicine. The primary fault in fuel metabolism resulted in prehistoric age. Madhumeha is a disease in which a patient prevalent, multiorgan complications that finallycover virtually passes sweet urine and exhibits sweetness all over the body every system of the body and every specialty of medicine5, including sweat, mucus, breath, blood etc1, 2.
[Show full text]
Acanthus Ilicifolius
Yang et al. BMC Genomics (2015) 16:605 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-1813-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Transcriptome analysis of the Holly mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius and its terrestrial relative, Acanthus leucostachyus, provides insights into adaptation to intertidal zones Yuchen Yang1, Shuhuan Yang1, Jianfang Li1, Yunfei Deng2, Zhang Zhang1, Shaohua Xu1, Wuxia Guo1, Cairong Zhong3, Renchao Zhou1* and Suhua Shi1* Abstract Background: Acanthus is a unique genus consisting of both true mangrove and terrestrial species; thus, it represents an ideal system for studying the origin and adaptive evolution of mangrove plants to intertidal environments. However, little is known regarding the two respects of mangrove species in Acanthus. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of the pooled roots and leaves tissues for a mangrove species, Acanthus ilicifolius, and its terrestrial congener, A. leucostachyus, to illustrate the origin of the mangrove species in this genus and their adaptive evolution to harsh habitats. Results: We obtained 73,039 and 69,580 contigs with N50 values of 741 and 1557 bp for A. ilicifolius and A. leucostachyus, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on four nuclear segments and three chloroplast fragments revealed that mangroves and terrestrial species in Acanthus fell into different clades, indicating a single origin of the mangrove species in Acanthus. Based on 6634 orthologs, A. ilicifolius and A. leucostachyus were found to be highly divergent, with a peak of synonymous substitution rate (Ks) distribution of 0.145 and an estimated divergence time of approximately 16.8 million years ago (MYA). The transgression in the Early to Middle Miocene may be the major reason for the entry of the mangrove lineage of Acanthus into intertidal environments.
[Show full text]
An Assessment of Floral Diversity in the Mangrove Forest of Karaikal
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 9 Issue 1, January 2019, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A An Assessment of Floral Diversity in the Mangrove Forest of Karaikal, Karaikal District, Puducherry Union territory Duraimurugan, V.* Jeevanandham, P.** Abstract The tropical coastal zone of the world is covered by a dynamic system in a state of continual adjustment as a result of natural process and human activities. The mangrove ecosystem is a unique association of plants, animals and micro-organisms acclimatized to life in the fluctuating environment of the tropical and subtropical and intertidal zone covering more than 10 million ha worldwide. The present study documents the directly observed diversity of true mangroves and their associates, in the mangroves of Karaikal. The present study recorded a sum of 136 plant species. Among the plants 8 species were true mangroves and 128 species were mangrove associates. The family Rhizophoraceae is the dominant group represent three species followed by Avicenniaceae with two species. The associated mangrove flora recorded in the present study falls to 128 genera belongs to 42 families from 20 orders. As per IUCN current status, most of the mangrove species in decreased status. The base line information is very much helpful for the conservation and feature references.
[Show full text]
Increasing Habitat Loss and Human Disturbances in the World's
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.20.953166; this version posted February 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Increasing habitat loss and human disturbances in the world’s largest mangrove forest: the impact on plant-pollinator interactions Asma Akter*1,2, Paolo Biella3, Péter Batáry4 and Jan Klecka1 1 Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic 2 University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic 3 ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy 4 MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, 2163 Vácrátót, Alkotmány u. 2-4, Hungary Abstract The Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world and a UNESCO world heritage site has been facing an increasing pressure of habitat destruction. Yet, no study has been conducted to test how human disturbances are affecting plant-pollinator interactions in this unique ecosystem. Hence, our aim was to provide the first study of the impact of habitat loss and human disturbances on plant- pollinator interactions in the Sundarbans. We selected 12 sites in the North-Western region of the Sundarbans, along a gradient of decreasing habitat loss and human activities from forest fragments near human settlements to continuous pristine forest, where we studied insect pollinators of two mangrove plant species, Acanthus ilicifolius and Avicennia officinalis.
[Show full text]
Functional Diversity in the Hyper-Diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea Lawong Balun [email protected]
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2011 Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea Lawong Balun [email protected] Recommended Citation Balun, Lawong, "Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1166 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Lawong Balun entitled "Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Taylor Feild, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Edward Shilling, Joe Williams, Stan Wulschleger Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Functional Diversity in Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities
[Show full text]
Taxonomy and Distribution of Species of the Genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) in Mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 16, Number 2, October 2015 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 225-237 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160218 Taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India P. RAGAVAN1, ALOK SAXENA2, P.M. MOHAN1, R.S.C. JAYARAJ3, K. RAVICHANDRAN4 1Department of Ocean studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Brookshabad Campus, Port Blair, A & N Islands, India Tel.: +91-3192- 213126/261566. Fax +91-3192-261568,email: [email protected] 2Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 3Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam, India 4Department of Environment and Forests, Andaman and Nicobar Administration, Port Blair, A & N Islands, India Manuscript received: 3 September 2015. Revision accepted: 16 September 2015. Abstract. Ragavan P, Saxena A, Mohan PM, Jayaraj RSC, Ravichandran K. 2015. Taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Biodiversitas 16: 225-237. A recent floristic survey revealed the occurrence of three species of Acanthus in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Of these Acanthus ilicifolius and A. ebracteatus are shrubs, whereas A. volubilis is a climbing shrub. All the three Acanthus species were recorded from the Andaman Islands, but only A. ilicifolius from the Nicobar Islands. A. volubilis is easily distinguished from other two species by its unarmed and twining delicate sprawling stems, un-serrated elliptical leaves, white corolla and absence of bracteoles. A. ilicifolius and A. ebracteatus are differentiated based on the presence and absences of bracteoles, corolla color, and position of Inflorescence and direction of stem axial spines.
[Show full text]
Journal of Threatened Taxa
PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Angiosperm diversity in Bhadrak region of Odisha, India Taranisen Panda, Bikram Kumar Pradhan, Rabindra Kumar Mishra, Srust Dhar Rout & Raj Ballav Mohanty 26 February 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 3 | Pages: 15326–15354 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4170.12.3.15326-15354 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher,
[Show full text]