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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776276

“Using Virtual and Augmented Reality in Planetary Imaging and Mapping – A Case Study

Stéphane Le Mouélic, Gwénael Caravaca, Nicolas Mangold, Jack Wright, Cristian Carli, Francesca Altieri, Francesca Zambon, Carolyn Van Der Bogert, Riccardo Pozzobon, Matteo Massironi, Angelo Pio Rossi, and Barbara De Toffoli

We are investigating how different cartographic products can be combined in virtual reality to manipulate, analyze and share both analytical data and results on Mars, Mercury and the Moon

EPSC 2020, 21 sept-9 oct 2020,

© planmap.eu – CC-BY – EU H2020 #776276 09.09.2020 1 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research Data sets – orbital and in situ and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776276

The objective of Planmap’s project is to merge different sources of information (geomorphology, composition, stratigraphy, altimetry, …) on selected areas of interest on Mars, Mercury, and the Moon. When available, these orbital mapping products can be merged with in situ data (such as Curiosity images on Mars or Apollo landing sites). For these in situ data, we used a photogrammetric chain to compute digital outcrop models to be merged with orbital data [e.g. ref 1,2,3,4,5,6])

Example of cartographic Example of cartographic products centered Example of in situ 3D model on Kimberley products on Jezero crater (Mars) on Kimberley (Gale crater) crater (Mars) outcrop (Gale crater) crater (Mars) reconstructed from Curiosity images [4]

© planmap.eu – CC-BY – EU H2020 #776276 09.09.2020 2 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research Virtual and augmented reality on web basedand innovation programme platformsunder grant agreement No 776276

The Sketchfab web-based plateform provides a first possibility for basic visualization on a traditional screen or directly in VR. When using a cellphone or tablet, Sketchfab also allows a rendering in augmented reality (to turn around an outcrop for example).

The figures below show examples on Mars and the Moon. The interest is to investigate Preview of the mobile Sketchfab app remote outcrops without any deformations, at any scale. Several models can be found here: with AR visualization of the «walkable» https://sketchfab.com/LPG-3D and https://sketchfab.com/planmap.eu Crommelin model

A model of Kimberley is also available on the Steam workshop at this address https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=1539772739

Virtual environment setup for AR/VR. Model size and position with respect to the observer can be assigned

Sketchfab interface preview for vein networks in Gale crater (Mars) [6] [5]

© planmap.eu – CC-BY – EU H2020 #776276 09.09.2020 3 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research Using a game engine for custom VR experiencesand innovation programme under grant agreement No 776276

The use of a more powerful and versatile solution based on a game engine [7] allows the development of more complex solutions. We have been working on two different applications:

1 - Development of dedicated VR measurement tools on the Kimberley area on Mars. This work on measurement tools has been carried out with VR2Planets. The objective is to benefit from the immersive environment to perform geological measurements of geological layers (distances, angles, dip, strike, …) directly as if the user were “in the field” [8].

Best fit plane Vertical distances Images reprojections …

© planmap.eu – CC-BY – EU H2020 #776276 09.09.2020 4 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research Using a game engine for custom VR experiencesand innovation programme under grant agreement No 776276

2 - Development of a flyover experience In a second experience, we are working on an environment to freely fly over areas of interest We have integrated visible high-resolution imagery, digital elevation and outcrop models, geomorphological maps and compositional maps derived from spectroscopic measurements on several test sites such as the Copernicus crater and Apollo 17 landing sites on the Moon, the Crommelin crater and Kimberley area (Gale crater) on Mars, or the Hokusai quadrangle area on Mercury.

Copernicus Apollo 17 Hokusaï

Copernicus Crommelin Apollo 17 Hokusaï

Discussion and conclusion

Virtual reality allows a seamless integration between various cartographic data sets. The immersive rendering allows a better understanding of morphological relationships between different units, and the possibility to freely navigate in huge data sets without the deformations induced by traditional screens. This new technology provides new capabilities in geosciences both for science, teaching and outreach.

References [1] McGreevy (1993), M.W. Virtual reality and planetary exploration. In Virtual Reality; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands,; pp. 163–197, ISBN 0-12-745045-9. Acknowledgments [2] Favalli, M. et al. (2012), Multiview 3D reconstruction in geosciences. Comput. Geosci. 2012, 44, 168–176. [3] Ostwald, A.; Hurtado, J. 3D models from structure-from-motion photogrammetry using MSL images: Methods and implications. In Proc. of the 48th LPSC, The Woodlands, TX, This project has received funding from the USA, 2017. LPI Contribution No. 1964, id.1787. European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and [4] Caravaca, G. et al. (2020) Planet Space Sci, 182, 104808, DOI: innovation programme under grant agreement No 10.1016/j.pss.2019.104808 776276 (PLANMAP). [5] Le Mouélic, S. et al. (2020) Remote Sensing, 12 (11), DOI: 10.3390/rs12111900 [6] De Toffoli et al. (2020), J. Str. Geol., 137, DOI:10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104083 [7] Nesbit, P.R et al. (2020), GSA Today, vol. 30, 4–10. DOI: 10.1130/GSATG425A.1 [8] Caravaca et al. (2020), EGU (Vienna, Austria), DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4577