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Estructura De La Tesis Universidad Andrés Bello Facultad de Ingeniería Magister Ingeniería Informática Análisis de las plataformas de redes sociales actuales para obtener patrones arquitectónicos comunes y rescatar las mejores prácticas. Autor: Juan José González Faúndez Santiago de Chile, 2011. Profesor Guía: Miroslav Plavlovic Directores: Daniel Campos Domínguez Dedicatoria A mi familia, mi madre, mi hermano y a mi sobrina Cony. A todos los que no están físicamente conmigo hoy, pero que estén donde estén, esto también es para ustedes. i Agradecimientos A Dios (YHWH) Todopoderoso A mi Madre A mi sobrina que la quiero mucho, ahora voy a poder dedicarle más tiempo A mis compañeros del Magister Al señor Miroslav Pavlovic profesor guía, gracias por su apoyo y ayuda A los profesores de la UNAB, gracias por la formación entregada. Al señor Daniel Campos Domínguez, Director del Magister, por su paciencia y esmero en tratar de mejorar el programa. ii Tabla de Contenido Página Dedicatoria .....................................................................................................................i Tabla de Contenido ...................................................................................................... iii Capítulo 1. Introducción .............................................................................................. 1 Introducción .............................................................................................................. 1 Estructura de la Tesis .............................................................................................. 3 Objetivos .................................................................................................................. 4 Objetivo General .................................................................................................. 4 Objetivos Específicos ........................................................................................... 4 Importancia ............................................................................................................... 5 Problemas ............................................................................................................ 5 Preguntas de Investigación...................................................................................... 6 Hipótesis ................................................................................................................... 6 Esbozo de la investigación ...................................................................................... 7 Capítulo 2. Marco Teórico .......................................................................................... 8 Redes Sociales ........................................................................................................ 8 Introducción .......................................................................................................... 8 Historia de las redes sociales ............................................................................ 10 Tipos de redes sociales ..................................................................................... 14 Introducción a las redes sociales de investigación ........................................... 16 Arquitectura de Software ....................................................................................... 22 Introducción ........................................................................................................ 22 ¿Por qué es importante la Arquitectura de Software? ...................................... 24 Estilos Arquitectónicos ....................................................................................... 25 Arquetipos de Aplicación ................................................................................... 30 Patrones Arquitectónicos ................................................................................... 32 Patrones de Diseño............................................................................................ 35 Ingeniería de Requerimientos ............................................................................ 45 Calidad del software........................................................................................... 51 Capítulo 3. Modelo propuesto .................................................................................. 75 iii Introducción ............................................................................................................ 75 Análisis arquitectónico de las plataformas de redes sociales ............................... 77 Identificar redes sociales ................................................................................... 78 Requerimientos y características de las plataformas de redes sociales en investigación....................................................................................................... 81 Definir atributos de calidad sobre las redes sociales de investigación ........... 130 Aplicación del modelo FURPS+ ...................................................................... 137 Arquitectura común para las plataformas de redes sociales de Investigación .......................................................................................................................... 141 Conclusiones ........................................................................................................ 201 Líneas futuras de investigación ........................................................................... 203 Anexos.................................................................................................................. 204 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................... 208 iv Índice de Ilustraciones Figura 1, Crecimiento de las redes sociales entre diciembre de 2007 y diciembre de 2008. Fuente: Nielsen Online ................................................................................................................................... 10 Figura 2, Mapa de las redes sociales más exitosas por paises. Fuente: Many Eyes. .......................... 11 Figura 3, Porcentaje de usuarios de Internet que usan los sitios de redes sociales, agrupados por edad. Fuente: Flowton. .................................................................................................................... 13 Figura 4, Mapa conceptual sobre los tipos de Servicios de Redes Sociales, fuente: http://jjdeharo.blogspot.com/2010/07/servicios-de-redes-sociales-i.html ........................................ 15 Figura 5, Pirámide del desarrollo de Software, Fuente: Ingeniería del software, quinta edición, Roger Pressman [34]. .................................................................................................................................. 23 Figura 6, Vistas Arquitecturales, puntos de vista y patrones, Fuente: [18] ......................................... 28 Figura 7, Pirámide de los patrones de diseño, Fuente propia. ........................................................... 36 Figura 8, Familia de Patrones GRASP, fuente propia. ........................................................................ 38 Figura 9, Asociaciones de una Venta, fuente: [39]............................................................................. 39 Figura 10, Crear un pago, Patrón Bajo Acoplamiento, fuente: [39] ................................................... 40 Figura 11, Venta crea el Pago. Patrón Alta Cohesión, fuente: [39] .................................................... 42 Figura 12, Ejemplo del Patrón Controlador, fuente: [39] ................................................................... 43 Figura 13, Ciclo de vida de la ingeniería de requerimientos, fuente: Magister Unab.......................... 47 Figura 14, Utilización del estándar ISO 9126, fuente: [93] ................................................................. 53 Figura 15, Partes del estándar ISO/IEC 9126, fuente: [93] ................................................................. 54 Figura 16, Vistas del estándar ISO/IEC 9126, fuente: [93] ................................................................. 54 Figura 17, ISO9126, características, sub-características y métricas, fuente: http://www1.sce.umkc.edu/~burrise/pl/software_quality_management/ ....................................... 55 Figura 18, El modelo de calidad interno/externo ISO/IEC 9126-1, fuente: [93] .................................. 57 Figura 19, Arquitectura de SQuaRE, fuente: [93] ............................................................................... 59 Figura 20, Ciclo de vida de la calidad de un producto de software, fuente: [93] ................................ 62 Figura 21, Estructura del modelo de calidad, fuente: [93] ................................................................. 63 Figura 22, Relación de SQuaRE con ISO/IEC 9126 e ISO/IEC 14598, fuente: [93] ................................ 63 Figura 23, Definición de etapas para el modelo propuesto, fuente propia. ........................................ 76 Figura 24, Arquitectura de Facebook, fuente propia. ........................................................................ 90 Figura 25, Estado inicial de la Arquitectura de Twitter, fuente: Improving Running .......................... 92 Figura 26, Actual esquema de Caché empleado por Twitter, fuente: Improving Running .................. 93 Figura 27, Aumento de las peticiones HTTP, usando Fragment Caché con diferentes clientes, fuente: Improving Running Components, Qcon London
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