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Earth Science-2013 Page 73 Fabio Alberto, J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013, 4:4 106th OMICS Group Conference 2nd International Conference on Earth Science & Climate Change July 22-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA Accepted Abstracts (Oral) Earth Science-2013 Page 73 Fabio Alberto, J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013, 4:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.S1.011 2nd International Conference on Earth Science & Climate Change July 22-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA Flood effect in tropical livestock production: Colombian case Fabio Alberto Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Columbia limatic change shows transformations in meteorogical and environmental topics, changes in frequency and intensity of Cphenomenon like El niño/la niña - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and rains’ frequency and intensity. Those changes are a threat for tropical sustainable livestock production. On other hand, problems like inadequate land use, inappropriate technologies and deficiencies in public policies, are a big risk for livestock productivity and rentability mainly for small farmers, as result decreasing their incomes and quality of life. Different researches have contributed to identify effects in dry season for tropical livestock, milk production and fodder quality, while researches for identifying effects in rain season are not common. Actually, this is the goal of this paper. Based on information collected from different institutions and farmers, also direct observation during field visits, this research shows some elements for characterization of the affectation in six livestock regions in Colombia during 2010 and 2011. 62 small towns were visited and more than 600 villages. Flood have affected animals and fodder also soils when cows were walking inside while had been waterlogged. This was the main effect of increase in rain in almost all the milk production in States in Central Colombia. Towns in North Region show the main affectation in the fodder availability. Other States show strong damages in infrastructure for flooded prevention in Magdalena and Cauca Rivers. In other regions like Mojana and Bajo Cauca, the main affectation was in roads. In other regions like Uraba and south of the country, the affectation was soft because the rivers flow to the north of the country, region that receives the rainwater of almost all Colombia. In general the livestock suffered great damages because the forage production was decrease, this affected their welfare, additionally the long movements looking for dry soils and food, show increase in diseases and mortality, mainly in pregnant cows and calves. [email protected] J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013 Earth Science-2013 Volume 4 Issue 4 July 22-24, 2013 ISSN: 2157-7617, JESCC an open access journal Page 74 Habibullo I. Abdussamatov, J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013, 4:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.S1.011 2nd International Conference on Earth Science & Climate Change July 22-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA The decrease of the total solar irradiance leads to the little ice age Habibullo I. Abdussamatov Pulkovo Observatory, Russia yclic bicentennial variations of the solar radiation energy absorbed by the Earth remains uncompensated by the energy Cemission to space as a result of the thermal inertia. The Earth’s average annual energy budget at during long time period will reliably determine the course and value of an energy excess accumulated by the Earth or the energy deficit in the thermal budget which can define and predict well in advance both the direction and amplitude of the forthcoming climate changes. Since the early 90's observed a decrease in both the TSI and the portion of its energy absorbed by the Earth, the Earth will have a negative balance in the energy budget also in the future what leads to a drop in temperature and to the beginning of the epoch of the Little Ice Age since around the year 2014. The increase of the Bond albedo and decrease of the greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere will result to the additional decrease absorbed portion of the solar energy and to reduced greenhouse effect. The influence of the consecutive chain of feedback effects will lead to additional drop of temperature which can surpass the direct influence of the effect of the TSI decrease. Start of Grand Minimum of the TSI the bicentennial cycle is to be anticipated around in the year 2043 ± 11 and the beginning of the phase of deep cooling of the 19th Little Ice Age in the past 7,500 years around in the year 2060 ± 11. Biography Habibullo I. Abdussamatov graduated from Samarkand State University and took a course graduate in Leningrad State University and postgraduate course in Pulkovo Observatory. He is the head of the Space Research of the Sun Sector at the Pulkovo Observatory and the head of the Selenometria project on the Russian Segment of the ISS, Dr. Sci. He is an expert in the area of solar physics and the solar terrestrial physics-the Earth's climate. He is the author of more than 150 scientific publications, 2 scientific inventions and 2 scientific monographs including“The Sun Dictates the Climate of the Earth”. St. Petersburg. 2009. [email protected] J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013 Earth Science-2013 Volume 4 Issue 4 July 22-24, 2013 ISSN: 2157-7617, JESCC an open access journal Page 75 Maria Jose Iturbide-Flores, J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013, 4:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.S1.011 2nd International Conference on Earth Science & Climate Change July 22-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA REDD+: A reality, a dream or a nightmare for low-middle income countries such as Guatemala-A multi-level exploration of design and implementation Maria Jose Iturbide-Flores Lincoln University, New Zealand he nested approach within the REDD+ mechanism, guided by a REDD+ agency, will help to reduce emissions from Tdeforestation and forest degradation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in low-middle income countries such as Guatemala. For this research, three potential scenarios for REDD+ are proposed and investigated: (a) dream scenario in which an independent body (nested within a national and local level approach and an international framework) will implement the REDD+ strategy, having responsibility for monitoring, reporting and verifying (MRV), channelling international funding, and overseeing the operation of social and environmental safeguards; (b) a reality scenario in which the government has the overall responsibility (national approach) but independent projects (at the local level) are undertaken in line with international expectations; in this scenario, the weakness of the political administration could pose a threat to effective REDD+ implementation (weak MRV) social and environmental issues may not be adequately taken into consideration; and, (c) a nightmare scenario in which a weak and ineffective national or subnational approach is likely to have adverse social and environmental effects. In this scenario, the biggest threat is the conversion of native forests into fast growing forest plantation, benefitting mainly the private sector. Biography Maria Jose Iturbide is a Ph.D. Environmental Policy and Planning student from Lincoln University, New Zealand; and she is in her last year of research. She has a master’s degree in Environmental Sciences from Universidad Del Vall de Guatemala, which is her hometown. She has more than 15 years of working experience mostly in the government sector where she has implemented several environmental policy and planning projects. She has also worked as an international consultant for International agencies like: Jica, GIZ, Dutch Agency and others. J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013 Earth Science-2013 Volume 4 Issue 4 July 22-24, 2013 ISSN: 2157-7617, JESCC an open access journal Page 76 Marika Tatishvili et al., J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013, 4:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.S1.011 2nd International Conference on Earth Science & Climate Change July 22-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA Gridded data set for climate change assessment in Georgia Marika Tatishvili, Elizbar Elizbarashvili, Mariam Elizbarashvili, Ramaz Meskhia and Shalva Elizbarashvili Georgian Technical University, Georgia ased on the monthly mean precipitation and temperature gridded data set 1936-2008 period it was ascertained that Btemperature and precipitation change have heterogeneous nature for Georgian territory. The warming and cooling centers have been detected in west as well as in east parts of Georgia. Warming and cooling regions and centers have been maintained in some months and have seasonal character. For whole Georgian climatic system the multiyear variation of mean temperature doesn’t occur. The highest temperature background has been fixed in 1966 and was equal to 11.8°C that corresponds to the period of solar maximum activity. After 2002, Georgian climatic system mean temperature did not exceed 10.5°C. The precipitation change nature has heterogeneous nature too and was maintained in warm and cool periods of year. The highest precipitation level has been fixed in 1963 that corresponds to the atmosphere meridian circulation period. The lowest level has been fixed in 2000 and was 830 mm. Biography Marika Tatishvili is the author of more than 45 scientific articles. Her specialty is theoretical physics. In 2006, she has rewarded Doctors degree in Physics and Mathematics. Her interests are cloud physics, meteorology, quantum physics and climate change. [email protected] J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013 Earth Science-2013 Volume 4 Issue 4 July 22-24, 2013 ISSN: 2157-7617, JESCC an open access journal Page 77 Nair Emmanuela da Silveira Pereira, J Earth Sci Climate Change 2013, 4:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.S1.011 2nd International Conference on Earth Science & Climate Change July 22-24, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USA Correlations of remote sensed chlorophyll-a data and results of numerical model of the Tropical and South Atlantic Ocean circulation Nair Emmanuela da Silveira Pereira University of Sao Paulo, Brazil he South and Tropical Atlantic Ocean is characterized by important large scale features that have seasonal character.
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