DOCSLIB.ORG

The Molecular Systematics of Unitunicate, Perithecial Ascomycetes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Molecular Systematics of Unitunicate, Perithecial Ascomycetes Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1992 The olecM ular Systematics of Unitunicate, Perithecial Ascomycetes. Joseph William Spatafora Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Spatafora, Joseph William, "The oM lecular Systematics of Unitunicate, Perithecial Ascomycetes." (1992). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5469. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5469 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9317001 The molecular systematics of unitunicate, perithecial ascomycetes Spatafora, Joseph William, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1992 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 THE MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF UNITUNICATE, PERITHECIAL ASCOMYCETES A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany by Joseph William Spatafora B.S., Louisiana Tech University, 1986 December 1992 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although the work of this dissertation is attributed to one individual, it would not have been possible without the assistance, guidance and friendship of many. Furthermore, I have been most fortunate to participate in one of the better interdisciplinary groups studying systematics and evolutionary biology in the country. I am deeply indebted to my major professor, Dr. Meredith Blackwell, beyond the limits of words. She has provided me with unparalleled guidance in research and has always shown unwavering patience to my relentless questions. Her generous support regarding research and travel removed much of the stress and anxiety associated with the financial reality of competitive research. I would like to thank my labmates including Elly Van Eeckhout, Steve Cassar and Brandye Sawyer for their support and friendship. I am especially grateful to Brandye who has been an undergraduate worker in Dr. Blackwell’s lab for the past three years and has assisted me beyond measure in day-to-day lab work. Additionally, I would like to thank people that I have collaborated with over the years including Keith Hamby, Bernhard Kaltenboeck, Eldon Jupe, Rick Zechman, Tom Kantz, Mark Buchheim, Deborah Waters and all of the Botany graduate students and postdocs. Also, I want to thank the graduate students in the Museum of Natural Science, especially Shannon Hackett, John Bates and Jim Demastes for their friendship and stimulating rhetoric throughout the years at Molecular Evolution seminars and Friday afternoon beers at Library Joe’s. Gratitude is also extended to members of my committee including Drs. Russel Chapman, William Platt, Robert Zink and Sue Bartlett. They have offered me sound advice concerning research and professional issues. There are many people outside of LSU who have contributed substantially to my graduate career either through direct assistance or intellectual fervor. These include Gary Samuels, Bud Uecker, Stephen Rehner, Amy Rossman, John Taylor, Mary Berbee, Tom Bruns, Tom Harrington, David Malloch, Jack Rogers, Gerald Benny and Clark Rogerson. Also, I would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation for their financial support through the Doctoral Dissertation Improvement grant BSR-9101088. None of this would have been possible without my family to whom I owe everything. My mother and father, Billie and Gene Spatafora, have provided me with wisdom and unconditional love and support throughout life. I would not have made these gains in life without them. Also, my wife and best friend, Elizabeth Rossi Spatafora, has been there for me through the often stressful times of preparing this dissertation. But I thank her most for our daughter, Anna, whose mere smile overshadows any importance these pages may hold. i i i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 Literature C ite d .................................................................................. 15 2 THE CLAVICIPITALES-HYPOCREALES CONNECTION .......................................................................... 19 Materials and Methods ................................................................... 21 Results ................................................................................................ 25 D iscussion........................................................................................... 30 Literature C ite d .................................................................................. 40 3 THE POLYPHYLETIC ORIGINS OF QPHIOSTOMATALEAN FUNGI ......................................... 44 Materials and Methods ................................................................... 48 Results ................................................................................................ 50 D iscussion........................................................................................... 51 Literature C ite d .................................................................................. 64 4 THE NONMONOPHYLY OF UNITUNICATE PERITHECIAL ASCOMYCETES ......................................... 68 Materials and Methods ................................................................... 70 Results ................................................................................................ 75 D iscussion........................................................................................... 78 Literature C ite d .................................................................................. 92 5 THE EVOLUTION OF CENTRUM DEVELOPMENT IN DERIVED UNITUNICATE PERITHECIAL ASCOMYCETES AS INFERRED BY CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE NUCLEAR-ENCODED SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL D N A ............................... 95 Materials and Methods ................................................................... 98 Results ................................................................................................ 98 iv D iscussion........................................................................................... 101 Literature Cited ................................................................................. I l l 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................. 115 Literature Cited ................................................................................. 122 VITA ....................... 123 v LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 List of taxa included in study, source of taxon and regions sequenced. Primers are those of White et al (1990)................................................. Table 2.2 Bootstrap confidence levels for pairs of clavicipitalean taxa from 100 bootstrap replications. C. paspali is paired with all species sampled for the order. Note that C. capitata (fungal parasite) and A. take (endophyte, Japanese isolate) did not receive bootstrap confidence levels of greater than 9 0 % ........................................................................ Table 3.1 Nonmolecular characters of conidiogenesis, antibiotic sensitivity, cell wall carbohydrate composition and production of asci that have been used to separate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
    Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Xyleborus Bispinatus Reared on Artificial Media in the Presence Or
    insects Article Xyleborus bispinatus Reared on Artificial Media in the Presence or Absence of the Laurel Wilt Pathogen (Raffaelea lauricola) Octavio Menocal 1,*, Luisa F. Cruz 1, Paul E. Kendra 2 ID , Jonathan H. Crane 1, Miriam F. Cooperband 3, Randy C. Ploetz 1 and Daniel Carrillo 1 1 Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; luisafcruz@ufl.edu (L.F.C.); jhcr@ufl.edu (J.H.C.); kelly12@ufl.edu (R.C.P.); dancar@ufl.edu (D.C.) 2 Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA; [email protected] 3 Otis Laboratory, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST, 1398 W. Truck Road, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: omenocal18@ufl.edu; Tel.: +1-786-217-9284 Received: 12 January 2018; Accepted: 24 February 2018; Published: 28 February 2018 Abstract: Like other members of the tribe Xyleborini, Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff can cause economic damage in the Neotropics. X. bispinatus has been found to acquire the laurel wilt pathogen Raffaelea lauricola (T. C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva) when breeding in a host affected by the pathogen. Its role as a potential vector of R. lauricola is under investigation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate three artificial media, containing sawdust of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and silkbay (Persea humilis Nash.), for rearing X. bispinatus under laboratory conditions. In addition, the media were inoculated with R. lauricola to evaluate its effect on the biology of X. bispinatus. There was a significant interaction between sawdust species and R.
    [Show full text]
  • MYCOTAXON Volume 104, Pp
    MYCOTAXON Volume 104, pp. 399–404 April–June 2008 Raffaelea lauricola, a new ambrosia beetle symbiont and pathogen on the Lauraceae T. C. Harrington1*, S. W. Fraedrich2 & D. N. Aghayeva3 *[email protected] 1Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University 351 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA 2Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Athens, GA 30602, USA 3Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Patamdar 40, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan Abstract — An undescribed species of Raffaelea earlier was shown to be the cause of a vascular wilt disease known as laurel wilt, a severe disease on redbay (Persea borbonia) and other members of the Lauraceae in the Atlantic coastal plains of the southeastern USA. The pathogen is likely native to Asia and probably was introduced to the USA in the mycangia of the exotic redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Analyses of rDNA sequences indicate that the pathogen is most closely related to other ambrosia beetle symbionts in the monophyletic genus Raffaelea in the Ophiostomatales. The asexual genus Raffaelea includes Ophiostoma-like symbionts of xylem-feeding ambrosia beetles, and the laurel wilt pathogen is named R. lauricola sp. nov. Key words — Ambrosiella, Coleoptera, Scolytidae Introduction A new vascular wilt pathogen has caused substantial mortality of redbay [Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.] and other members of the Lauraceae in the coastal plains of South Carolina, Georgia, and northeastern Florida since 2003 (Fraedrich et al. 2008). The fungus apparently was introduced to the Savannah, Georgia, area on solid wood packing material along with the exotic redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a native of southern Asia (Fraedrich et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 716–784 By: P.W
    Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784 By: P.W. Crous, M.J. Wingfield, T.I. Burgess, G.E.St.J. Hardy, J. Gené, J. Guarro, I.G. Baseia, D. García, L.F.P. Gusmão, C.M. Souza-Motta, R. Thangavel, S. Adamčík, A. Barili, C.W. Barnes, J.D.P. Bezerra, J.J. Bordallo, J.F. Cano-Lira, R.J.V. de Oliveira, E. Ercole, V. Hubka, I. Iturrieta-González, A. Kubátová, M.P. Martín, P.-A. Moreau, A. Morte, M.E. Ordoñez, A. Rodríguez, A.M. Stchigel, A. Vizzini, J. Abdollahzadeh, V.P. Abreu, K. Adamčíková, G.M.R. Albuquerque, A.V. Alexandrova, E. Álvarez Duarte, C. Armstrong-Cho, S. Banniza, R.N. Barbosa, J.-M. Bellanger, J.L. Bezerra, T.S. Cabral, M. Caboň, E. Caicedo, T. Cantillo, A.J. Carnegie, L.T. Carmo, R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz, C.R. Clement, A. Čmoková, L.B. Conceição, R.H.S.F. Cruz, U. Damm, B.D.B. da Silva, G.A. da Silva, R.M.F. da Silva, A.L.C.M. de A. Santiago, L.F. de Oliveira, C.A.F. de Souza, F. Déniel, B. Dima, G. Dong, J. Edwards, C.R. Félix, J. Fournier, T.B. Gibertoni, K. Hosaka, T. Iturriaga, M. Jadan, J.-L. Jany, Ž. Jurjević, M. Kolařík, I. Kušan, M.F. Landell, T.R. Leite Cordeiro, D.X. Lima, M. Loizides, S. Luo, A.R. Machado, H. Madrid, O.M.C. Magalhães, P. Marinho, N. Matočec, A. Mešić, A.N. Miller, O.V. Morozova, R.P. Neves, K. Nonaka, A. Nováková, N.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for Laurel Wilt of Avocado
    Recovery Plan for Laurel wilt of Avocado (caused by Raffaelea lauricola) 22 March 2011 Contents Page Executive Summary 2-3 Reviewer and Contributors 4 I. Introduction 4 - 7 II. Symptoms 7 - 8 III. Spread 8 - 11 IV. Monitoring and Detection 11 - 12 V. Response 13 - 143 VI. Permit and Regulatory Issues 14 VII. Economic Impact 14 VIII. Mitigation and Disease Management 14 - 17 IX. Infrastructure and Experts 17 - 18 X. Research, Extension and Education Priorities 18 - 19 XI. Timeline for Recovery 20 References 21 -24 Web Resources 24 This recovery plan is one of several disease-specific documents produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS) called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9). The purpose of the NPDRS is to insure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required to mitigate the impact of high consequence plant disease outbreaks such that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. Each disease-specific plan is intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components, and identify disease management research, extension, and education needs. These documents are not intended to be stand-alone documents that address all of the many and varied aspects of plant disease outbreak and all of the decisions that must be made and actions taken to achieve effective response and recovery. They are, however, documents that will help USDA guide further efforts directed toward plant disease recovery. Executive Summary Laurel wilt kills American members of the Lauraceae plant family, including avocado (Persea americana).
    [Show full text]
  • Ceratocystis Fimbriata Infecting Eucalyptus Grandis in Uruguay
    CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/app Australasian Plant Pathology, 2003, 32, 361–366 Ceratocystis fimbriata infecting Eucalyptus grandis in Uruguay I. BarnesA,D, J. RouxA, B. D. WingfieldB, M. O’NeillC and M. J. WingfieldA ADepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. BDepartment of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. CUruguaya S. A. Forestry Company, Rivera, Uruguay. DCorresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Uruguay has a rapidly growing forestry industry consisting mainly of exotic Pinus and Eucalyptus spp. Recently, there have been reports of individual E. grandis trees wilting and dying rapidly in plantations. The aim of this investigation was to survey the dying E. grandis in the Rivera area of Uruguay and to determine the cause of the Eucalyptus wilt. Sap-staining symptoms were observed on recently pruned E. grandis. Discs of discoloured wood were cut from these pruned trees and from the stems of dying trees. These disks were stored in a moist environment to induce fungal sporulation. Ascomata, typical of a Ceratocystis sp., were found covering the edges of the wood where streaking symptoms occurred. Morphologically, the fungus resembles C. fimbriata. The internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal RNA operon of the Ceratocystis sp. were amplified and sequenced. Sequence data confirmed placement of this fungus amongst other isolates of C. fimbriata. Furthermore, the sequence data showed that the Uruguay isolates are most closely related to those from diseased Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil, Congo and Uganda. C. fimbriata is a well-known pathogen of many woody plants and could constitute a serious threat to intensively managed E.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in the Intermountain Region Part 1
    United States Department of Agriculture Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in the Intermountain Region Part 1 Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Report Service Research Station RMRS-GTR-375 April 2018 Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L.; Ho, Joanne J.; Little, Natalie, J.; Joyce, Linda A., eds. 2018. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the Intermountain Region. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-375. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Part 1. pp. 1–197. Abstract The Intermountain Adaptation Partnership (IAP) identified climate change issues relevant to resource management on Federal lands in Nevada, Utah, southern Idaho, eastern California, and western Wyoming, and developed solutions intended to minimize negative effects of climate change and facilitate transition of diverse ecosystems to a warmer climate. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service scientists, Federal resource managers, and stakeholders collaborated over a 2-year period to conduct a state-of-science climate change vulnerability assessment and develop adaptation options for Federal lands. The vulnerability assessment emphasized key resource areas— water, fisheries, vegetation and disturbance, wildlife, recreation, infrastructure, cultural heritage, and ecosystem services—regarded as the most important for ecosystems and human communities. The earliest and most profound effects of climate change are expected for water resources, the result of declining snowpacks causing higher peak winter
    [Show full text]
  • ,, U.S. FORESTSERVICE
    , ,, u.s. FORESTSERVICE - RESEARCH NOTE NC-76 II .. NORTH CENTRAl FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION, FOREST SERVlCE--U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE i FolwelAl venue,St.PaulM, innesota55101 • A Basal Stem Canker of SugarMaple sugar injury ABSTRACT. A basal stem canker of Dissection of such cankers showed that the maple is common on trees in lightly stocked occurred at the interface of growth rings, indicating stands and on trees on the north side of roads that the damage had taken place before, during, or and other clearings in the Lake States. The just after the dormant period. Callus patterns on the cankers are usually elongate, usually encore- canker faces that indicate past healing attempts vary pass about 0ne-fourth of the stem eireumfer- from no callus layers present (uncommon) to mul- enee, and face the south. Most cankers orig- tiple layers (common). inatedf011owing logging of old-growth stands Generally, cankers found on small stems were on stems that had been present as suppressed younger than those found on larger stems. Apparently individuals with a d.b.h, of 1 to 1 _ inches, cankering begins when the trees are young. Dissec- Many of the cankers have failed to heal al- tions showed that cankered 6-inch trees were 1 to though more than 30 years old. In some eases a 1_ inches when cankering occurred. fungal, inseet complex appears to have prevent- ed canker closure. I ' ,_ OXFORD: 422.3:416.4:176.1 Acer saccharum _;_ _ During a tour of second-growth northern hard- |i wood stands in Wisconsin in 1964, I noticed a basal stem i:anker on sugar maples (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Bioactive Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From
    Qadri et al. SpringerPlus 2013, 2:8 http://www.springerplus.com/content/2/1/8 a SpringerOpen Journal RESEARCH Open Access Identification and bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from selected plants of the Western Himalayas Masroor Qadri1, Sarojini Johri1, Bhahwal A Shah2, Anamika Khajuria3, Tabasum Sidiq3, Surrinder K Lattoo4, Malik Z Abdin5 and Syed Riyaz-Ul-Hassan1* Abstract This study was conducted to characterize and explore the endophytic fungi of selected plants from the Western Himalayas for their bioactive potential. A total of 72 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as on the basis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal gene sequence acquisition and analyses. The fungi represented 27 genera of which two belonged to Basidiomycota, each representing a single isolate, while the rest of the isolates comprised of Ascomycetous fungi. Among the isolated strains, ten isolates could not be assigned to a genus as they displayed a maximum sequence similarity of 95% or less with taxonomically characterized organisms. Among the host plants, the conifers, Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburgii and Abies pindrow harbored the most diverse fungi, belonging to 13 different genera, which represented almost half of the total genera isolated. Several extracts prepared from the fermented broth of these fungi demonstrated strong bioactivity against E. coli and S. aureus with the lowest IC50 of 18 μg/ml obtained with the extract of Trichophaea abundans inhabiting Pinus sp. In comparison, extracts from only three endophytes were significantly inhibitory to Candida albicans, an important fungal pathogen. Further, 24 endophytes inhibited three or more phytopathogens by at least 50% in co-culture, among a panel of seven test organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboulbeniomycetes, Eni... Historyâ
    Laboulbeniomycetes, Enigmatic Fungi With a Turbulent Taxonomic History☆ Danny Haelewaters, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Universidad Autónoma ̌ de Chiriquí, David, Panama; and University of South Bohemia, Ceské Budejovice,̌ Czech Republic Michał Gorczak, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland Patricia Kaishian, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States and State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, United States André De Kesel, Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium Meredith Blackwell, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States and University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States r 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. From Roland Thaxter to the Present: Synergy Among Mycologists, Entomologists, Parasitologists Laboulbeniales were discovered in the middle of the 19th century, rather late in mycological history (Anonymous, 1849; Rouget, 1850; Robin, 1852, 1853; Mayr, 1853). After their discovery and eventually their recognition as fungi, occasional reports increased species numbers and broadened host ranges and geographical distributions; however, it was not until the fundamental work of Thaxter (1896, 1908, 1924, 1926, 1931), who made numerous collections but also acquired infected insects from correspondents, that the Laboulbeniales became better known among mycologists and entomologists. Thaxter set the stage for progress by describing a remarkable number of taxa: 103 genera and 1260 species. Fewer than 25 species of Pyxidiophora in the Pyxidiophorales are known. Many have been collected rarely, often described from single collections and never encountered again. They probably are more common and diverse than known collections indicate, but their rapid development in hidden habitats and difficulty of cultivation make species of Pyxidiophora easily overlooked and, thus, underreported (Blackwell and Malloch, 1989a,b; Malloch and Blackwell, 1993; Jacobs et al., 2005; Gams and Arnold, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Ophiostoma Stenoceras and O. Grandicarpum (Ophiostomatales), First Records in the Czech Republic
    C z e c h m y c o l . 56 (1-2), 2004 Ophiostoma stenoceras and O. grandicarpum (Ophiostomatales), first records in the Czech Republic David N ovotny1 and P etr ŠrŮ tka2 1 Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Plant Medicine, Drnovská 507,'161 06 Praha 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Czech Agricultural University, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic Novotný D. and Šrůtka P. (2004): Ophiostoma stenoceras and O. grandicarpum (Ophiostomatales), first records in the Czech Republic. - Czech Mycol. 56: 19-32 Two species of ophiostomatoid fungi were observed in oaks. Ophiostoma stenoceras was isolated during a study of endophytic mycobiota of the roots and seedlings of a sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Ophiostoma grandicarpum was recorded in the stem of a pedunculate oak ( Q . robur). These fungi have not yet been reported from the Czech Republic. The knowledge on the occurrence of ophiostomatoid fungi in the Czech Republic is reviewed. Key words: ophiostomatoid fungi, distribution, oak, roots, bark, Ceratocystis, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur Novotný D. a Šrůtka P. (2004): Ophiostoma stenoceras a O. grandicarpum (Ophiosto­ matales), první nálezy v České republice. - Czech Mycol. 56: 19-32 Během studia mykobioty dubů byly pozorovány dva druhy ophiostomatálních hub. Druh Ophiostoma stenoceras byl izolován při studiu endofytické mykobioty kořenů dubů a mladých dubových semenáčků ( Quercus petraea). D ruh Ophiostoma grandicarpum byl nalezen na kmeni dubu letního (Q. robur). V případě obou druhů se jedná o první nálezy z České republiky. V článku je uveden přehled dosud zjištěných druhů ophiostomatálních hub z České republiky.
    [Show full text]