KHRC 2011 LEST WE FORGET: THE FACES OF IMPUNITY IN KENYA BY KENYA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION P. O Box 41079, 00 100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel : +254-020-3874998/9 3876065/6 • Fax: +254-020-3874997 Email:
[email protected] • Website: www.khrc.or.ke August, 2011 Published by: Kenya Human Rights Commission Opposite Valley Arcade, Gitanga Road P. O. Box 41079 00100, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 3874998/ 9, 3876065/6 Fax: +254 20 3874997 Email:
[email protected] Website: http://www.khrc.or.ke ISBN 9966-941-77-0 © KHRC 2011 All parts of this publication may be reproduced freely, provided the Kenya Human Rights Commission is duly acknowledged. KHRC 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: 5 ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS 8 PART I: Background and major findings of the report 11 OVERVIEW 11 1. BACKGROUND 13 1.1 The Culture of Impunity in Kenya 13 1.2 Corruption and Human Rights Violations: Conceptual Perspectives 15 2. MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 17 2.1 Findings 17 2.1.1 Relationship between human rights and corruption: 17 2.1.2 The Silent Sufferers: Victims of Grand Corruption, Human Rights Violations and Impunity in Kenya 18 2.1.3 Plethora of Reports and Information on Past injustices 19 2.1.5 Multiple Initiatives to Deal with the Same Violations 21 2.1.6 The Role of the Judiciary in Achieving Accountability 22 2.1.7 The Key Perpetrators and Abettors of Impunity 23 2.1.8 Multiplicity of Culpability 23 2.1.9 Attempts at Accountability and Integrity 23 2.1.10 Claims of Tribal and Political Witch Hunting 26 2.1.11 The Culture of Conspiracy and In-action 26 2.1.12 Parliament's Double Standards towards impunity 28 2.1.13 Doubtful Credibility of some Truth Initiatives and their reports 28 2.1.14 Failure to Release Reports to the Public 29 2.1.15 On-going Cases 29 2.2 Recommendations 30 2.2.1 Investigations and Accountability.