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Island Communities: Japan, Part 1 of 4 World of Stamps: Island Communities: Japan, Part 1 of 4 by Geir Sør-Reime (From Mekeel’s & STAMPS May 13, 2011) Japan has an area of 146,000 square miles and a population fices closed in 1879. of 127 million, the 10th largest in the world. France also operated a post-office in Yokohama with its own The history of Japan is long and complex, and we will cancellers and using ordinary French stamps. It closed 1880. concentrate on the philatelic history in this article, referring to The U.S. opened offices in Yokohama 1867, Nagasaki 1867, political history when necessary. Hiogo (Kobe) 1867 and Hakodadi 1873. All U.S. offices closed Japan’s first stamps were December 31, 1874. issued on April 20, 1871, and Left: 1871 joined the Universal Postal Union Dragons in 1877. Before that date, Europe- 48m (Sc. 1); an powers and the U.S. operated right: 1872 post-offices in Japan to handle Dragons, overseas mail. new curren- British post-offices operated cy, ½ s. (Sc. in four ports (Hakodate, Hiogo— 1958 Centenary of opening of 5) also known as Kobe—Nagasaki ports of Yokohama, Nagasaki and Yokohama) from 1858, and and Hakodate to foreign trade The first Japanese issues featured two dragons facing the from 1864 onwards, they were (#647) figures of value in their design. These stamps exist printed on gradually supplied with Hong Kong stamps. The British post-of- a number of paper varieties. The first issue was issued in 1871 in the currency of 100 Mon to 1 Sen. Already in 1872, these stamps were issued in the new currency of 100 Sen to 1 Yen, the currency used up till this day. 1994 Baron Hisoka Maejima and Japan’s first stamps (Sc. 2402-05) From 1994, the history of the Japa- nese postage-stamps was told on a series of stamps. The 1994 issue reproduced the first, Dragon series, and also portrayed Hisoka Maejima, the founder of the Jap- anese post-office. The second 1994 issue showed the Koban issue and the Italian printer Edoardo Chiossone. In 1995, the Silver Jubilee was reproduced on two stamps, as well 1994 Japan Sc. 86 (on as the two first air Sc. 2411) From http://www.philanippon.jp/, top to bottom: post stamps, and August 22, 1873 dispatched from U.S. Post Office in Yokohama to further more modern stamps. Already in Alexandria, Virginia. August 1872, the latter issue was replaced December 22, 1873, dispatched from French Post Office in Yokohama to Lyon, France; by an issue in a completely new design, December 17, 1873, dispatched from British Post Office in Yokohama the so-called “Cherry Blossom” series. to Scotland (Registered envelope) 1872-73 Cherry Blossoms, 1/2s. (Sc. 9) With this issue, the famous chrysanthemum emblem, an element The Japanese victory over Russia was also commemorated of all Japanese issues until 1947, was introduced. with two stamps in 1906. These commemorative stamps were In 1876, an issue depicting birds only valid in Japan and to China and Korea. was issued. Two 1908 stamps depicting the Empress were primarily In 1878, the so-called “Koban” issue used on telegraph and telephone forms. appeared. The name “Koban” refers to In 1913, a new definitive series was issued, coinciding the circular centre which resembles an with the accession of Emperor Yashihito. This is known as the old Japanese gold coin known as Koban. “Tazawa” series, named after the designer, Masakoto Tazawa. These were additionally inscribed “Impe- rial Japanese Post” or “Japanese Empire”. They are normally classed into Old 1875 Birds (Sc. 50) Kubans, UPU Kubans and New Kubans. The first “Old” were issued May 17, 1876, with additional values added until 1879. The “UPU” Koban were issued in 1883 to comply with the UPU color scheme. The “New Koban” is a change of color of the remaining Left to right: 1906 triumphal military review following victory in war with values of the “Old” and were issued 1888-93. Russia (Sc. 111); 1908 Empress Jingo (Sc. 113); 1913 definitive (Sc. 125) The coronation of the new emperor was commemorated with a set of four 1915 stamps, and in 1916, three stamps commem- orated the nomination of Prince Hirohito as heir apparent. A 1919 set of four celebrated Kobans, left to right, 1879 “Old” (Sc. 69); 1883 UPU colors (Sc. 72); 1886-92 “New” (Sc. 78) Japan’s first commemorative issue was made 1894 for the silver wedding of the Emperor. The second was issued 1896 to commemorate Japan’s victory in the war with China. Left to right: 1915 Coronation of Emperor Yoshi- hito (Sc. 149); 1916 designation of Hirohito as Crown-Prince (Sc. 152); (top right) 1919 Peace after WWI (Sc. 156); (bottom right), 1919 first flight between Tokyo and Osaka (Sc. C1) peace after WWI, and in 1919, two overprints commemorated Left, 1894 Imperial Silver Wedding (Sc. 85); right, 1896 Sino-Japanese the first flight between Tokyo and Osaka. War commemoration, portraying General Kitashirakawa (Sc. 88) In 1920, stamps were issued for the first national census and A new definitive series called the “Kiku” or Chrysanthe- for the inauguration of the Meiji shrine, both of which were only mum series was issued 1899. valid for inland postage and to China. In 1900, a single stamp was issued to commemorate the wedding of the Crown Prince. In 1905, a stamp commemorated the merger of the Japanese and the Korean posts. Left, 1920 1st modern population census (Sc. 159) Right, 1929 Consecration of the Meij Shrine (Sc. 161) Left to right, 1899 (Sc. 108) Chrysanthemum; 1900 Wedding of Crown- Prince Yoshihito and Princess Sakado (Sc. 109); 1905 unification of Korean and Japanese posts (Sc. 110) World of Stamps: Island Communities: Japan, Part 2 of 4 by Geir Sør-Reime (From Mekeel’s & STAMPS May 27, 2011) A 1924 defini- tive stamp portrayed the Empress, and in 1925, four stamps were issued to com- memorate the Impe- rial silver wedding. Above left: 1921 50th anniversary of Jap- anese postal service (Sc. 164); Above right: 1921 return of Crown Prince from 1924 Empress Jingo (Sc. 188) Europe (Sc. 168) 1925 Silver Wedding Right: 1922 definitive Mount Fuji (Sc. 175a) commem (Sc. 193) In 1921, stamps were issued for the 50th anniversary of the Imperial Japanese Post, and for the Crown Prince’s journey to Europe, while three 1922 definitives featured Mt. Fuji. Two 1923 stamps marked the Crown Prince’s Unissued souvenir sheet prepared for the wedding of Crown Prince visit to Taiwan. Hirohito, but cancelled due to the 1923 earthquake. This issue was only sold on Taiwan, Three but was valid for pictorial postage throughout 1923 provisionals is- sued imperforate af- definitives 1923 Visit of Crown Japan. ter the earthquake in were issued Prince on Taiwan Due to an (Sc. 177) Yokohama (Sc. 182) in 1926, and earthquake de- the same stroying the perforation machine, 1923 printings of the Tazawa year, Crown series were issued imperforate and ungummed. A planned issue 1925 definitive Mount Prince Hiro- celebrating the wedding of Crown Prince Hirohito was cancelled Fuji (Sc. 194) 1928 Coronation of Em- hito became for the same reason, although specimens that had already been peror Hirohito (Sc. 203) Emperor Hirohito, ruling until 1989. sent to Micronesia were recalled and distributed at the actual His accession was celebrated with four 1927 stamps, and his wedding. coronation with four 1928 stamps. Part 3 of 4–– World of Stamps: Island Communities: Japan, Part 3 of 4 by Geir Sør-Reime (From Mekeel’s & STAMPS June 10, 2011) Note- worthy pre- WWII Japa- nese stamps include the 1934 set of four for the Internation- al Red Cross 1935 visit of Emperor of 1934 Red Cross conference in Congress, Sc. 214 Tokyo, the Left to right: 1942 semi-postal, plane over Japan Alps (Sc. B1); 1935 set of 1942 for 10th anniversary of Manchukuo (Sc. 343); 1942 definitive, four for the Japanese pilot and flag (Sc. 336) Emperor’s vis- it to Manchu- Singapore, four stamps celebrated kuo, the 1936 the 10th anniversary of the Japanese set of three puppet state of Manchukuo, a defin- for the 30th itive series was devoted to the na- anniversary of tional defense program, and another the Japanese 1940 2600th anniver- semi-postal marked the 1st anniversa- 1942 semi-postal, Pearl 1936 30th anniversary administration sary of founding of ry of the Great East Asian War. Harbor under attack of leased territory of of the Kwan- Japan (Sc. 295) After the war, a new definitive tung peninsula series was issued from 1946 onwards, (with Port Arthur) in China, the 1939 at first with the Japanese characters for the country name read- set for the 75th anniversary Japanese membership of the Inter- ing from right to national Red Cross, and the 1940 set for the 2600th anniversary left, from 1947 of the Japanese empire. The Kwantung set was only sold in the changed to reading Kwantung leased territory and in the South Manchurian Rail- from left to right. way Zone. The inscription The now reads ‘Japa- first of nese Post’ instead the annual of ‘Imperial Japa- New Year nese Post’. greeting Left, 1945 definitive (Sc. 353) characters right to left; stamps right, 1946 (Sc. 363) characters left to right (arrows). was issued 1936 Fuji-Hakone National The new, post-war constitution was Park (Sc. 223) in 1935, and 1935 first New Year the follow- greetings stamp, pic- marked with a pair of ing year, the first of annual sets featuring turing Mt. Fuji stamps in 1947. Later National Parks was that year, the Chry- issued. santhemum emblem A new definitive was removed from series was issued Japanese stamps, and from 1937 onwards, some of values of the featuring landscapes, 1945 and 1946 defin- prominent person- itives were re-issued 1947 promulgation 1947 re-issued alities.
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