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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Informalion Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE GESTALT RESISTANCES AND MILLON’S TYPOLOGY OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY WITHIN A CLINICAL SAMPLE OF MALE BATTERERS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John J. Wagner, M A The Ohio State University 1998 Approved by Dissertation Committee: Dr. Darcy Haag-Granello, Co-Advisor Cfl-/MViser Dr. Michael Klein, Co-Advisor bllege or Education Dr. John Gibbs Co-Adviser College of Education UMI Number: 9911283 UMI Microform 9911283 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by JohnJ. Wagner 1998 ABSTRACT Research has shown that male batterers have a tendency to exhibit high incidences of personality disorders and resistance to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the various Gestalt resistances and Theodore Millon’s typology of personality disorders. The major objective of this research study was to provide empirical insight into which of the GCSQ-150 scales were discriminating variables between those subjects in the “disorder” and “trait” categories on six of the MCMI-III Personality Disorder Scales. The subjects consisted of one-hundred and twenty eight voluntary males throughout the state of Ohio who have been arrested for domestic violence and are currently enrolled in a domestic violence specific treatment program. The subjects completed two instruments, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Ill (MCMI-III; Milloa, 1994) and the Gestalt Contact Styles Questionnaire-150 (GCSQ-150; Woldt, Kepner, and Prosnick, 1996). Discriminant analysis was utilized in order to statistically analyze the correlations between the various Gestalt resistances and Millon’s typology of personality disorders. Overall, the results tentatively suggest that there is a relationship between the Gestalt resistances and Millon’s (1994) typology of personality disorders. In particular the discriminant function of the GCSQ-150 Projection Scale produced three statistically significant hypotheses for the MCMI-III Passive Aggressive Personality Disorder Scale and the discriminant function o f the GCSQ-150 Projection and Retroflection produced three statistically significant hypotheses for the MCMI-III Antisocial Personality Disorder Scale. The MCMI-III Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale produced two statistically significant hypotheses (from discriminant function of GCSQ-150 Deflection, Projection, Retroflection, and Egotism) and the MCMI-III Borderline Personality Scale produced one statistically significant hypothesis (from a discriminant function of GCSQ-150 Retroflection and Desensitization Scales). Thus, several of the hypotheses were statistically significant, the practical meaning of such findings is questionable. More research into the specific nature o f the relationships between these two constructs is, undoubtedly, warranted. Additionally, this study demonstrated the need for future research to focus on the differences between the various “typologies” of male batterers and to develop less arbitrary psychometric instruments for measuring family violence. Ill Dedicated and offered up to my Lord and personal Savior Jesus Christ, who alone has the power to heal every single man, woman, and child whose life have been forever changed due to domestic violence. In His Glorious name, I pray for peace, healing, and revival. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to all the individuals, agencies, and programs who have supported, encouraged, and inspired me throughout the entire research process. In particular, 1 wish to acknowledge the following individuals: • my Lord and personal Savior Jesus Christ, whose many blessings and heavenly gifts made this study possible. • my wife Jennifer, my son Justin, and Phoebe for the support, laughter, love, and happiness that they have brought into my life. • my immediate and extended family, who has stuck by me through all the tough times and have been a source of emotional, technical, and spiritual support. • my in-laws Mary and Chuck Rife, and Chad and Heather Hoover - for warmly and unconditionally accepting me into the family • my doctoral advisors. Dr. Darcy Haag-Granello and Dr. Michael Klein, who have been instrumental in guiding me through the research process. • my doctoral committee members - Dr. Haag-Granello, Dr. Klein, Dr. John Gibbs, and Dr. Jan Henderson -all of whom have exhibited tremendous professionalism, availability, patience, and encouragement. • Dr. Linda Perosa, Dr. Paul Granello, Dr. Bruce Growick, Dr. Joe Wheaton, Dr. Susan Sears, Dr. Daniel Merz, and Dolly Ware, who have graciously assisted me in various aspects of my doctoral studies. • Dr. J. Robert Warmbrod and Mohamed Rahman, whose statistical brilliance and patience made this process much more manageable and satisfying. • Amy Marzella, and Debbie Black-Heiman, my fellow doctoral comrades whose understanding, patience, and encouragement I will never forget. • my “brother” Dr. Kevin Prosnick and his wife Dr. Amy Frankel for their insights, silliness, and unconditional acceptance. • John Weiland and Kel Kear, for their spiritual support, Christian fellowship, and their love for the Detroit Red Wings • Amey and Lloyd Park, for being such gracious liaisons with the KSU library • my Christian brothers and sisters from the Vineyard and Ecclesia, whose fellowship and prayers provided me with the spiritual strength needed to complete my research • my friends Elizabeth and Shawn Ward, Ethan and Mickey Moses, Brett and Heather Eades, Kelly Weaver, Monica Mlinac, Ron Bodnar, Alicia Katsaros, Jeff Yingling, Jennifer Corona, Ann Carmichael, Dawn Freeman, Kathy Wida, Priscilla March • the staff and clients of the following agencies, who have so graciously volunteered their time to assist me in the data collection process; Ms Karen Ormachea, Mr. David Weinhold and the staff of Lutheran Social Services of Central Ohio; Ms Sondra Fronimo and the staff of Melymbrosia; Mr. William Lear and the staff of VI Response; Ms. Diana Pearson and the staff of Talbert House Extended Treatment; Ms. Leia Meenach and the staff of Shawnee Mental Health Center; Ms. Patty McCord and the staff of Williams County Batterer Intervention Program. Vll VITA July 29, 1967 ................................................... Bom - Parma Heights, Ohio August, 1990 ................................................... Bachelor of Arts - Kent State University Speech Communication, Psychology May, 1994 ........................................................ Master of Arts - The University of Akron Marriage and Family Therapy June, 1997 ........................................................ The Gestalt Institute of Cleveland Three Year Post Graduate Training Program Specialization; Working with Groups FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Education VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A bstract............................................................................................................................. ü Dedication ......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................... v V ita..................................................................................................................................... viii List of tables...................................................................................................................... xv List of figures..................................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 1 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................. 1

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