YORK ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST

FUTURIST THEATRE, SCARBOROUGH: DESK BASED ASSESSMENT

By George Loffman

DESK BASED ASSESSMENT REPORT Report Number 2017/52 May 2017

YORK ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST

York Archaeological Trust undertakes a wide range of urban and rural archaeological consultancies, surveys, evaluations, assessments and excavations for commercial, academic and charitable clients. We manage projects, provide professional advice and fieldwork to ensure a high quality, cost effective archaeological and heritage service. Our staff have a considerable depth and variety of professional experience and an international reputation for research, development and maximising the public, educational and commercial benefits of archaeology. Based in York, Sheffield, Nottingham and Glasgow the Trust’s services are available throughout Britain and beyond.

York Archaeological Trust, Cuthbert Morrell House, 47 Aldwark, York YO1 7BX Phone: +44 (0)1904 663000 Fax: +44 (0)1904 663024 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.yorkarchaeology.co.uk

© 2017 York Archaeological Trust for Excavation and Research Limited Registered Office: 47 Aldwark, York YO1 7BX A Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England No. 1430801 A registered Charity in England & Wales (No. 509060) and Scotland (No. SCO42846) York Archaeological Trust i

CONTENTS

ON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ...... III KEY PROJECT INFORMATION ...... III 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2 METHODOLOGY ...... 1 3 LOCATION, GEOLOGY & TOPOGRAPHY ...... 1 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND...... 2 4.1 Prehistory ...... 2 4.2 Roman ...... 2 4.3 Early Medieval ...... 2 4.4 Medieval ...... 3 4.5 Post medieval and modern ...... 3 4.6 Archaeological Interventions ...... 3 5 HERITAGE DESIGNATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS ...... 4 6 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PLANNING POLICY ...... 5 6.1 National Policy ...... 5 6.2 Regional Policy ...... 5 7 SITE WALKOVER SURVEY ...... 5 8 MAP REGRESSION ANALYSIS ...... 6 9 DEPOSIT MODEL ...... 6 9.1 Upper tier ...... 6 9.2 The slope ...... 7 9.3 Lower tier ...... 7 10 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 8 LIST OF SOURCES ...... 8 REFERENCES ...... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 9 APPENDIX 1 – GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS (ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVENTS) . 10 APPENDIX 2 – GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSESTS (LISTED BUILDINGS) ...... 24 FIGURES ...... 31 PLATES ...... 35

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Plates Cover: View of site Plate 1 Frontage of Futurist Theatre facing south west ...... 35 Plate 2 Terraced slope area facing north ...... 36 Plate 3 Kings Street carpark facing north west ...... 36 Plate 4 Foreshore Road facing south west ...... 37 Plate 5 Flats along Prospect Place facing north ...... 37 Plate 6 Kings Street facing south ...... 38 Plate 7 Kings Steps and St Nicholas Gardens facing east ...... 38

Tables Table 1 Gazetteer of heritage assets (archaeological events) ...... 10 Table 2 Gazetteer of Heritage assets (listed buildings)...... 24

Figures Figure 1 Location map ...... 31 Figure 2 Location of archaeological events within 500m of site ...... 32 Figure 3 1853 OS map ...... 33 Figure 4 1893 OS map ...... 33 Figure 5 1912 OS map ...... 34 Figure 6 1929 OS map ...... 34

Abbreviations AOD Above ordnance datum BGL Below ground level HER Historic environment record OS Ordnance survey

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY This desk based assessment has been compiled to assess the impact of the proposed development of the Futurist Theatre, Scarborough on the historic environment and in particular the impact of development on buried archaeological remains, listed buildings, conservation areas and scheduled monuments. The report has found that the development site is located within the historic core of Scarborough, with a large number of archaeological sites within a 500m radius of the site. However the development history of the site suggests that the potential for archaeological remains is highest in the upper tier of the site. No listed buildings or scheduled monuments are located within the boundaries of the development site. The upper tier of the site is located within the Scarborough Conservation Area.

KEY PROJECT INFORMATION Project Name Futurist Theatre, Scarborough DBA YAT Project No. 5980 Document Number 2017/52 Type of Project Desk Based Assessment Client Willmott Dixon Planning Application No. NGR TA 5044 4885 Museum Accession No. N/A OASIS Identifier Yorkarch1-284961

REPORT INFORMATION

Version Produced by Edited by Approved by Initials Date Initials Date Initials Date 1 G.L 15/05/17 IDM 15/05/17 IDM 15/05/17

Copyright Declaration: York Archaeological Trust give permission for the material presented within this report to be used by the archives/repository with which it is deposited, in perpetuity, although York Archaeological Trust retains the right to be identified as the author of all project documentation and reports, as specified in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (chapter IV, section 79). The permission will allow the repository to reproduce material, including for use by third parties, with the copyright owner suitably acknowledged.

Disclaimer:

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This document has been prepared for the commissioning body and titled project (or named part thereof) and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of the author being obtained. York Archaeological Trust accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than that for which it was commissioned.

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1 INTRODUCTION York Archaeological Trust (YAT) was commissioned by Willmott Dixon Construction to undertake a desk based assessment report for the proposed development of the Futurist Theatre, Scarborough. The rationale for this work is to assess the impact of proposed development on any buried archaeological remains, listed buildings, conservation areas and scheduled monuments. The current development plan is to demolish the Futurist Theatre building and prepare the land for further development. As of writing no further details of the planned development are available.

2 METHODOLOGY The information in this report was compiled from a search of readily available online resources. A list of all sources consulted can be found at the end of this document. A search was made of the North Yorkshire County Council Sites and Monuments Record to identify designated and non-designated heritage assets in the vicinity of the development site. In consultation with Peter Rowe, Principal Archaeologist for North Yorkshire County Council, the search was defined to a 500m radius of the site location. A walkover survey was carried out on the 3rd May 2017 of the proposed development site and the surrounding area. This was recorded through digital photography and written notes. A visit was made to the North Yorkshire County Council HER at Northallerton on the 8th May 2017.

3 LOCATION, GEOLOGY & TOPOGRAPHY The development site is located on the foreshore of Scarborough’s South Bay on the eastern edge of the main town (Figure 1). The site is composed of two levels; an upper tier comprising Kings Street car park and a lower tier occupied by the Futurist Theatre. The Futurist Theatre is a post First World War theatre in use from 1921 to 2014. The theatre is built upon an area of level ground at approximately 4.95m AOD. The topography of the site then rises significantly to the north-west. King Street car park is at 23.00m AOD. A terraced slope area links the two levels of the development site. The development site is bounded by Foreshore Road and the South Bay seafront to the south- east. To the north the site is bounded by Bland’s Cliff Road and the rear of residential properties. The north-western edge of the proposed site is bounded by Kings Street. The south-western boundary of the site borders St Nicholas gardens. The underlying bedrock is made up of sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. Sedimentary bedrock formed during the Jurassic period approximately 165 – 172 million years ago. Overlying the bedrock there are superficial deposits of glacial till formed up to 2 million years ago in the Quaternary Period (http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html - accessed 02/05/17).

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4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 4.1 Prehistory There is sparse evidence for the earliest prehistoric settlement of Scarborough. These consist of a stone axe discovered on Castle Dykes and a Middle Bronze Age spearhead found on the Foreshore (Pearson 1987). The Vale of Pickering to the west of Scarborough has a large number of Prehistoric sites, including the seminal Mesolithic site at Star Carr. There is evidence for prehistoric activity on the headland uncovered during the excavation of the Roman signal station in 1920-24. These consist of a large number of pits containing bronze axes and tools, items of jewellery, material associated with bronze smelting and large quantities of Iron Age pottery. In 1980 a bronze sword and two urn burials were found at the site (https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1011374 - accessed 05//17. 4.2 Roman The headland was occupied by a Roman signal station, part of a number of such stations positioned along the North Sea coast to warn of sea raids. The signal station at Scarborough consisted of a square ditched enclosure built of wood above stone foundations. The signal tower was guarded by a gatehouse at the entrance to the courtyard. Evidence from coins recovered during the excavation suggests the tower was constructed in 370 AD and was used until the fifth Century until it was overrun and destroyed (https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1011374 - accessed 05//17). Evidence for Roman occupation outside of the headland is restricted to evidence from an excavation at the Former Convent School, Queen Street. A gully and a circular depression interpreted as a hearth were uncovered associated with Roman pottery and a Roman quern stone (Pearson 2000). 4.3 Early Medieval There is considerable debate over the origins of the name Scarborough. The name was believed to be derived from the Norse Skaro meaning hare lipped and burgh meaning fortified place. According to an Icelandic Saga this name relates to the founding of a fortified settlement by two brothers, Kormac and Thorgils Ogmunderson in 95 AD. The Saga indicates that Thorgils had the nickname Skaroni, meaning hare lipped. The veracity of this theory has however been challenged by recent research that suggests the name is Anglo-Saxon in origin (Pearson 2005). The Scar element may be a reference to a steep escarpment and the burgh element meaning fortified place. . Within the remains of the Roman Signal Station was found a chapel dating to 1000 AD. No other remains of Anglo-Saxon date have so far been discovered (https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1011374 - accessed 05//17). The town is not mentioned in the Doomsday book of 1086. An explanation of this is offered by Pearson (2005) who suggests that the fishing based economy of Scarborough did not have sufficient agricultural land for its valuation by the commissioners. An alternative theory is that the town was burned down during the campaign of Harold Hardraada and Earl Tostig in 1066 prior to their defeat at Stamford Bridge (Binns 2001)

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4.4 Medieval Little of the medieval town of Scarborough survives in the present, apart from the remains of Scarborough Castle. Fortifications were first added to the headland in 1135 AD comprising of a ditch cut, surmounting wall or palisade and gatetower. The castle continued in use throughout the medieval period. The visible remains of the castle were constructed during the 12th and 13th centuries. During this rebuilding the gatehouse was demolished and replaced by a stone keep as well as the construction of an inner bailey with two gatehouses and an outer barbican. Later Medieval activity is indicated by the construction of buildings within the bailey and against the curtain wall, including Mosdale Hall rebuilt in the late 14th Century (https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1011374 - accessed 05//17). The layout of the medieval settlement of Scarborough appears to be similar to that depicted on the 1725 map and the present street layout. It is characterised by a grid pattern layout divided into two areas. Oldborough is located closest to Scarborough castle and Newborough to the west. The dividing line between the two boroughs is Dumple Street now known as Friargate. The western boundary of the medieval settlement is close to the present St Thomas Street. King Street has medieval origins and was known as Rievaux Lane located within the area of Newborough (Pearson 1987). The Oldborough part of the settlement was originally defended through a wall running north south along the present street of Friargate. In the 13th century a defensive ditch and possibly a wall were constructed further to the west to encompass the Newborough district (Pearson 1987). The medieval settlement of Scarborough contained a number of ecclesiastical establishments including a number of churches, including St Mary’s Church. A Franciscan Friary was located along the present Friargate road. Within the Newborough settlement a Carmelite and Dominican friary were founded in the 13th and 14th Century (Pearson 1987). 4.5 Post medieval and modern During the post medieval period Scarborough continued as a fishing port until 1732, when the existing harbour was expanded. At this time there were upwards of 300 sailing ships in Scarborough. By the early 19th Century Scarborough was one of the principal shipbuilding centres on the east coast (Binns 2001). In addition to shipbuilding and fishing industries Scarborough became a destination for leisure and restoration. In 1859 a new Public Bath complex opened on the Foreshore at the foot of Bland’s Cliff. Two years later Royal Northern Sea Bathing Infirmary opened a Bath House on the opposite side of Bland’s Cliff. This was a charity hospital financed by voluntary subscriptions for the relief of the afflicted poor, who were expected to benefit from the healing properties of sea bathing and sea air. It was later renamed St Thomas’s Hospital (Binns 2001). 4.6 Archaeological Interventions There is only one archaeological site within the site boundaries. In April 2007 MAP carried out trial trenching on land at 3 King Street, prior to construction of a housing development. Two trenches were excavated in total (Stephens & Langford 2007).

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Trench 1 uncovered a series of modern yard surfaces and levelling deposits at a depth of 27.45m AOD or 0.96m BGL. Four phases of a stone wall thought to date from the 13th Century were also excavated at a depth of between 27.69m AOD or 0.72m BGL, and 27.53m AOD or 0.88m BGL. Natural was found to consist of boulder clay and found at a depth of 27.27m AOD or 1.14m BGL. Within trench 2 structural remains relating to the 19th-20th Century development of the site were found to extend to a depth of 27.07m AOD or 1.34m BGL. These sealed a number of dump deposits containing 18th Century finds. Below this an east-west aligned linear feature was backfilled with 17th Century material. This feature was cut into natural clay the top of which was at 26.81m AOD or 1.60 BGL, and extended to 26.36m AOD or 2.05m BGL. It has been interpreted as a property boundary ditch. Natural deposits were found at a depth 26.66m AOD or 1.75m BGL. Approximately 3.0m to the north of the development site, a brick vaulted structure was discovered underneath Bland’s Cliff. This was recorded by Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society (SAHS) and interpreted as part of the 19th Century seawater baths (http://www.sahs.org.uk/Catalogue-of-Excavations.html - accessed 09/05/17). On the Northern boundary of Kings Street car park MAP carried out a strip and record excavation on the western side of Prospect Place. Natural deposits were encountered at 0.75m BGL. Above this was a 0.10m deposit of dark grey, silty clay with abundant coal fragments containing sherds of 17th-18th century pottery. Above this was a horizon of mixed brick and soil coinciding with a brick built privy and associated service runs. This was sealed by 0.20m of topsoil (Stephens 2011). At approximately 100m to the north east of the development site at Leading Post Lane, excavations uncovered the remains of the medieval defensive ditch running across the western edge of Oldborough (SAHS 1989, Pearson 1992). Approximately 227m to the north east of the development site SAHS undertook a watching brief at 33-34 Foreshore Road. During the works carried out there was no indication for the medieval quay. The area was heavily disturbed by 19th and 20th century drainage. The search of the North Yorkshire HER returned a large number of archaeological interventions within a 500m radius of the development site (Figure 2). These are listed within the gazetteer at the end of this document (Table 1). As the development site is within the historic core of Scarborough the majority of these sites are medieval. These include evidence for city defences, the location of town gates, remains of buildings and a small number of burials.

5 HERITAGE DESIGNATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS The upper tier of the site comprising Kings Street car park and terraced slope are within the Scarborough Conservation Area. This consists of the historical town core of Scarborough. The lower tier and the Futurist Theatre itself are outside of the conservation area. There are no scheduled monuments, listed buildings or registered battlefields within the boundaries of the development site. Within the 500m radius of the HER search a total of 183 listed buildings were found (Table 2). The ruins and below ground remains of St Mary’s Church

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are a Scheduled Ancient Monument and located approximately 430m to the north east. Listed buildings and archaeological events are listed within the gazetteer at the end of this document. The Valley and South Cliff Gardens are designated as a Registered Park or Garden. The Garden is located approximately 350m to the south of the development site.

6 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PLANNING POLICY 6.1 National Policy In March 2012 the Government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in an effort to make the overall planning system less complex and more accessible. In this document Chapter 12 titled “Conserving and enhancing the historic environment” deals with archaeological and historic issues. This section supersedes the previous planning legislation, Planning Policy Statement 5: “Planning for the Historic Environment” (PPS5). However, in a revision note published by English Heritage in June 2012 it is stated that “the PPS5 Practice Guide remains a valid and Government endorsed document pending the results of a review of guidance supporting national planning policy”. It also states that “the policies in the NPPF are very similar and the intent is the same, so the Practice Guide remains almost entirely relevant and useful in the application of the NPPF”. The relevant paragraphs of NPPF Chapter 12 are 126 – 141. 6.2 Regional Policy The Scarborough Borough Local Plan is currently pending completion. This will replace the existing Scarborough Borough Local Plan 1999 and will set policy against which planning applications and development proposals will be considered.

7 SITE WALKOVER SURVEY A walkover survey was carried out on the development site on the 3rd May 2017. The results of this survey are presented below. The lower tier section of the site is currently occupied by the Futurist Theatre. The front elevation is covered with yellow cladding from the 1960s. This covers the original Beaux-Arts style frontage of Carraware, that is visible at the upper part of the elevation (Plate 1). Inside the theatre retains its fan shaped auditorium. To the rear of the theatre is an area of sloping ground that rises towards the north-west and the upper tier (Plate 2). This area is covered with overgrown vegetation and a retaining brick wall bounding the upper tier car park. The upper tier of the site is a tarmac car park (Plate 3). To the south-east of the development site is Scarborough’s South Bay area. This consists of a promenade along the seafront, a beach and amusement arcades lining Foreshore road (Plate 4). To the north of King Street car park the site is bordered by 19th Century townhouses converted into residential flats (Plate 5). Kings Street itself contains 19th Century buildings and modern developments (Plate 6), including the offices of Scarborough Borough Council.

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St Nicholas Gardens is located to the south of the developments site. This is an area of landscaped garden with a path leading down from the cliff top to the foreshore promenade (Plate 7).

8 MAP REGRESSION ANALYSIS An engraving from the 1700s shows Blands Cliff as an elevated trackway extending down to the beach. Buildings are shown on the northern side of Bland’s Cliff, but not on the south side within the area of the development site. A built up area is depicted on top of the slope and along King Street. The 1853 OS map (Figure 3) shows the development site occupied by an area of garden with a path leading down towards the seafront. The path winding nature of the path suggests a significant gradient at this time. The upper tier of the site is shown as an open area of courtyard. Buildings are shown along King Street. Two buildings are shown on the southern side of Bland’s Cliff, and the northern side of the road is fully built up. An area marked as Marine Houses is located in the south-western corner of the development site. The area of the development site is marked as ‘Kings Cliff’. The area within the development site is unchanged on the 1893 OS map (Figure 4), apart from the addition of a Public House on the corner of Bland’s Cliff Road. The Foreshore Road is now present on the eastern side of the site. Public Baths of the Northern Sea Bathing Infirmary are located to the North of Bland’s Cliff Road. Kings Cliff Hospital is shown fronting onto Kings Street. The Kings Street frontage is fully built up at this time. On the 1912 OS map (Figure 5) the Palladium Picture House is shown along the Foreshore Road frontage. A row of buildings are still present along the entire length of Kings Street. The Futurist theatre is marked on the 1929 OS Map (Figure 6) as a “Picture Theatre” with an Arcadia building on its north-eastern side. There is a terraced slope to the rear of the theatre. The Public Baths of the Northern Sea Bathing Infirmary are still present on the northern side of Bland’s Cliff Road. Buildings located on southern end of King Street have been demolished in the area of the present King Street car park. There is little change depicted between the 1958 and 1972 OS maps.

9 DEPOSIT MODEL 9.1 Upper tier 9.1.1 Natural Natural appears to vary in depth significantly between 1.14m BGL and 1.75m BGL based upon previous archaeological excavations in the development area. The natural was recorded as boulder clay. WYG environmental boreholes carried out under the Kings Street car park have logged a glacial till at a minimum of 1.4m BGL, and between 3.0m and 3.5m within the footprint of historical buildings (WYG 2008).

9.1.2 Prehistory

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There is low probability of encountering prehistoric features based upon previous work in the area. This however does not preclude the possibility of a chance find. Any prehistoric features would be expected close to the level of the top, and cut into natural deposits.

9.1.3 Roman There is a low potential for encountering Roman deposits and features within the development area. Any Roman deposits encountered are likely to be cut into natural deposits. These may take the form of cut features associated with Roman pottery.

9.1.4 Medieval There are known medieval deposits that have been excavated within the development site boundary. A multi-phase stone wall was encountered between 0.72m BGL and 0.88m BGL. It is therefore possible that remains of medieval buildings survive underneath later structures fronting onto Kings Street.

9.1.5 Post-medieval There is the possibility of uncovering post-medieval features underneath the foundations of modern structures. A linear and circular feature backfilled in the 17th Century was found at a depth of 1.60m BGL.

9.1.6 Modern Modern deposits are likely to consist of structural remains relating to 19th – 20th Century buildings along the Kings Street frontage. There are also likely to be yard surfaces, levelling deposits and drainage structures related to these buildings. The maximum depth of modern deposits extends to a depth of between 0.96m BGL to 1.34m BGL. 9.2 The slope 9.2.1 Natural During environmental borehole investigations carried out by WYG (2008) natural deposits were encountered between 2.2m BGL on the upper terracing and at least 3.2 BGL at the lower terrace.

9.2.2 Made ground Data from environmental boreholes (WYG 2008) recorded made ground overlying natural deposits. This is described as clayey demolition rubble. One borehole encountered a void underneath a concrete slab below the former location of the Futurist Flats. Evidence from historic maps suggests that this area of land was largely undeveloped in the 18th and 19th Century. It is also likely that the slope was built up prior to the earliest OS map in 1854. 9.3 Lower tier 9.3.1 Natural Borehole data (WYG 2008) suggests that natural till deposits are located at a depth of approximately 3.5m BGL or 1.0m AOD. Overlying the till deposit is a layer of beach deposits of soft clay and medium dense sand with shell fragments.

9.3.2 Made ground

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Made ground was recorded within environmental boreholes (WYG 2008) to a maximum depth of between 1.0m BGL to 1.9m BGL. This was described as being made up of tarmac and pavement build-up. Evidence from historic maps suggests that this area was undeveloped until the 19th Century. The only archaeological intervention further north along the Foreshore provided no evidence for a medieval quay and was heavily disturbed by 19th-20th Century drainage. This however does not preclude the possibility of chance finds in the area. It is possible that features may be present under the footprint of the Futurist Theatre.

10 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The site is located within the old town and the medieval core of Scarborough, and there are a significant number of sites within the area of the HER search. Trial trenching carried out within the boundaries of the site has shown the survival of medieval and post medieval structures and features below modern deposits. The upper tier of the site therefore has good potential for the survival of medieval and post-medieval archaeological remains. The terraced slope appears to have been an area of landscaped open land until the construction of the Futurist Flats in the 20th Century. The terraced slope is likely to have been built up prior to the 18th Century based upon cartographic evidence. Data from borehole investigations indicate that there is significant depth of made ground within the terraced slope. Archaeological deposits on the lower tier of the site are likely to be subject to truncation by ground levelling prior to the construction of the Futurist Theatre. There is also little evidence to suggest that this area was built up prior to the 19th and 20th Century. 18th Century maps show built up area only on the north side of Bland’s Cliff. A watching brief at 33-34 Foreshore further to the north along the foreshore found no evidence for the medieval quay. In order to further characterise the nature of the archaeological deposits it would be necessary to undertake a programme of trial trenches particularly in the upper tier of the site. It may also be necessary to monitor groundworks in other areas, to ascertain if features survive underneath modern truncation.

LIST OF SOURCES http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/ Archaeology Data Service www.bgs.ac.uk/ British Geological Survey http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx DEFRA searchable map https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list Historic England National Heritage list for Scheduled Monuments and Listed buildings http://maps.nls.uk/ National Library of Scotland Map Images http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk North Yorkshire County Council http://www.sahs.org.uk/ Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society

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https://www.scarborough.gov.uk Scarborough Borough Council

REFERENCES Binns, J., 2001. The history of Scarborough from Earliest Times to the Year 2000, Blackthorn Press Stephens, M & Langford, S., 2007. Land adjacent to 3 King Street, Scarborough, N Yorks: Archaeological Evaluation. MAP Archaeological Consultancy Ltd unpublished report, 04/2007 Stephens, M., 2011. Prospect Place, Scarborough. Archaeological Strip and Record Excavation. MAP Archaeological Consultancy unpublished report, 09/2011 Pearson, T., 1987. An archaeological survey of Scarborough. Scarborough Borough Council Pearson, T., 1992. An Archaeological Excavation at 1-3 Leading Post Street. Scarborough and District Archaeological Society unpublished report. Pearson, T., 2000. A Watching Brief at the Former Convent School, Queen Street, Scarborough. Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Society unpublished report, 01/10/2000 Pearson T., 2005. The archaeology of Medieval Scarborough. Excavation and Research 1982- 2002, in Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society research report 12, The Ebor Press Scarborough Archaeological and History Society., 1989. Transactions of The Scarborough Archaeological and History Society. Page 15-20 White Young Green., 2008. Geo-environmental interpretive report, Mermaid/Futurist Theatres, Scarborough. August 2008.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS York Archaeological Trust would like to thank Willmott Dixon for their assistance during the walkover survey of the development site. As well as Melanie Dalton for her assistance with searching the North Yorkshire HER.

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APPENDIX 1 – GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS (ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVENTS)

Table 1 Gazetteer of heritage assets (archaeological events) HER No Site name Description Period ENY19 Newcastle Packet, Two trenches excavated in advance of a proposed rear extension to the Newcastle Medieval 13 Sandside, Packet public house in 2000 (NP00) recorded 13th- to 14th-century land reclamation Scarborough levels and retaining wall. A watching brief was also carried out. NMR1318395 (3).

ENY31 Former Convent Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society undertook a watching brief at the Medieval, School, Queen site of the former Convent School in Queen St, Scarborough between September and Romano-British Street, December 1999 during development of the site for housing by S Harrison Construction Scarborough Ltd. Trial excavations had previously been undertaken by the Society in 1996. The work has produced evidence for the medieval defences of the town and uncovered traces of

hitherto unknown Romano-British activity preserved beneath the upcast of the medieval town rampart.

ENY291 Land off North In August 1999, Gifford & Partners Ltd undertook an archaeological evaluation of land Medieval, Post Street, off North Street, Scarborough following an earlier DBA for Jones Lang La Salle. Four trial medieval Scarborough trenches were investigated, one of which demonstrated the presence of surviving medieval deposits in the form of a shallow ditch overlain by a sealed deposit of late

17thC date. Evidence for probable post-Medieval tanning was also recorded

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HER No Site name Description Period ENY324 Cooks Row, Between July & September 1999, the York Archaeological Trust undertook Medieval, post- Springfield, archaeological salvage recording at Cooks Row, Springfield, Scarborough, as remediation medieval, Scarborough in response to the unauthorised excavation of two large holes through areas of known modern archaeological importance. The site has previously been evaluated by the Scarborough

Archaeological & Historical Society. Evidence recorded demonstrated seven phases of activity through the development of the site from the medieval to modern period ENY459 33 Sandside, Observation of underpinning groundworks in 2000–02 (SND00) identified the possible Post-medieval Scarborough plinth wall of an earlier timber-framed building resting on natural sand, beneath an 18th-century building

ENY460 16-18 Princess Excavations in 2000 (PS00) revealed possible medieval stone structures rebuilt in the Post-medieval Street, 18th century (2). The refurbishment of this derelict property on the north side of Scarborough Princess Street presented an opportunity to examine and record the interior. The main conclusions of this survey work were that the building began as a

stone-walled structure at least to first floor level, aligned gable end on to the street. This was refronted in the 18th century when the gable was removed and the frontage re-built parallel with the street. It is possible that the stone- walled building was medieval in date.

ENY461 28 Princess Drainage work in 2000 (PSG00) revealed an undated stone boundary wall and a possible Undated Street/123 earlier stone foundation, presumably for a timber-framed building. NMR ref 1343833 Longwestgate, Scarborough

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HER No Site name Description Period

ENY876 Cooks Row, An area circa 10 meters by 8 meters was opened and excavated down to the maximum Medieval, post- Springfield, disturbance depth of medieval Scarborough 18.00 m AOD . The excavation recorded a well built stone walled rectangular building and two successive exterior cobbled surfaces and traces of a second building. Both building had been demolished in the late 15th or early 16th century. Contemporary rubbish disposal pits were recorded in the north west of the site. The construction of the Quaker Meeting Hall and school occurred in the 19th century ENY7186 7 Leading Post An excavation took place after workmen underpinning the exterior wall of this property Medieval Street, came across the remains of the Oldborough ditch which was dug to defend the west Scarborough side of the town in the 12th century. The ditch was filled with a soft peaty soil containing large quantities of medieval pottery, animal bone and fragments of leather.

The ditch was filled in during the 13th century because new defences were built further to the west to protect an addition to the town called the Newborough ENY7148 7 Palace Hill, During the excavation of a trench for an extension to a building, fragments of Staxton Medieval Scarborough ware medieval pottery and leather were recovered and the base of a timber post (740mm long and 90mm square) was observed. It is possible that post is a remnant of a wooden fortification that protected the south side of the Oldborough in the middle ages as the Palace in the name Palace Hill is thought to refer to a palisade. A similar post was revealed in 1987 at East Sandgate in association with a revetment wall

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HER No Site name Description Period ENY7165 YMCA, St Thomas A single trench was excavated by hand in the garden at the rear of the YMCA whilst Medieval Street, excavation work was ongoing on the adjacent playground belonging to the former Scarborough convent school. The natural clay was cut by a shallow U shaped gully and a possible posthole, both of which appeared to be medieval in date from the pottery they

contained. The limited area excavated meant it was impossible to be certain what these features belonged to, but they do indicate there was some medieval occupation of the area ENY6383 Former Convent The excavation took place when plans were put forward to build in the grounds of the Medieval School, St Thomas former Convent School. The dig did not find many medieval remains suggesting this Street, part of the town was not very densely settled in the middle ages. However, remains of Scarborough the town defences were discovered along the north boundary of the site. These consisted of a clay rampart probably dating from the 12th century with a section of stone wall on top that is part of the masonry defences added in the late 15th century ENY6397 An Archaeological Between December 1996 and April 1997 Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Medieval Assessment of a Society excavated 8 trenches on land at the rear of the former Quaker Meeting House Site at the Rear of in St Sepulchre Street. The south part of the site preserves part of the medieval church of St Sepulchre demolished in the 16th century. The central part of the site is crossed by the Former the infilled channel of a natural watercourse – the Damyet, and the north of the site the Quaker Meeting remains of one or more medieval buildings were recorded overlying dumps of House, St waterlogged organic material Sepulchure Street, Scarborough

ENY1369 Former In 2003, the Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society carried out an Medieval

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HER No Site name Description Period Pentecostal archaeological excavation on the site of three proposed new buttresses against the Church, 48A eastern wall of the former Pentecostal Church. Eastborough, Excavations at the former Pentecostal Church (PC04) in 2003 revealed medieval pits Scarborough containing waterlogged fills (7).

This excavation took place before the erection of three buttresses to support the church.

The most important discovery was a series of five medieval pits probably for the disposal of household rubbish. They are only the second group of such pits to have been recorded in Scarborough. In medieval Scarborough rubbish was more commonly dumped in the harbour.

Environmental analysis has been carried out by Palaeoecology Research Services. Damp ground conditions had preserved much organic matter including offcuts of leather, plant and invertebrate material and evidence for a mixture of different kinds of litter from heathland/moorland and probably also seaweed.

A substantial stone wall was found showing the site was occupied by a fairly important building, probably dating from the later middle ages, although no floor was found ENY1915 Land adjoining 9 Repair works carried out to 9 Leading Post St in 2003 revealed that it contained a Medieval Leading Post fragment of late medieval timber frame. It therefore increased the number of known

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HER No Site name Description Period Street, extant medieval timber framed houses in Scarborough by 25%. It had possibly been one Scarborough bay longer than at present.

Four trenches were monitored in the side yard. One trench contained only natural clay, two were heavily disturbed by drains and one contained only 19th century evidence, where the cliff slope may have been steeper. The site has therefore added a further dimension to our understanding of land reclamation in the Quay Street/The Bolts area in the medieval period.

ENY665 see ENY6397 Land at Sometime between April 1997 and January 1998 Scarborough Archaeological & Medieval to 19th for location Springfield, Cooks Historical Society excavated a further 3 trenches on land at Springfield and behind the Century Row, Scarborough former Quaker Meeting House. On the south side of the Victorian school a stone culvert was recorded of unknown date, probably used to divert water from the Damyot. A

medieval wall at right angles to Cook's Row was recorded with a yard to the east side similar to the remains found in the previous trenches. See ENY6397. Further investigation on the remains of the church wall found that it was 2 meters wide. Overall six phases of archaeological deposits were recorded from the medieval period through to the 19th century ENY833 St Thomas Street, In February 2003, Birmingham Archaeology investigated seven trial trenches on the site Post-medieval Chapman's Yard, of the former Kwik Save supermarket between St Thomas Street and North Street, Scarborough Scarborough. The majority of features encountered dated from the C17th and later, however a number of shards of residual medieval pottery were also recovered

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HER No Site name Description Period ENY2500 The Lounge site, In November 2004, Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Society carried out an Sunken Garden, off archaeological evaluation of land on the south side of Harcourt Place in advance of Harcourt Place, Scarborough submission of a planning application for development. C19th map evidence had suggested that the medieval town ditch of the New Borough may cross the site. Two trial trenches were excavated measuring 3m by 1m and 2m by 2m respectively. The evaluation identified that a substantial amount of levelling had taken place at some time between the mid C18th and late C19th ENY2547 Former Royal In June and July 2004, The Scarborough Archaeological And Historical Society carried Post-medieval, Opera House, out a watching brief during the demolition of the Former Royal Opera House. A number modern Scarborough of stone cisterns, interpreted as relating to late 18th/early 19th century industrial activity were recorded ENY3147 Land at 1-4 In March 2006, On Site Archaeology undertook an archaeological evaluation at the Medieval Blenheim Street, corner of Castle Road and Blenheim Street in advance of proposed development within Scarborough the Oldborough of the medieval town of Scarborough. The evaluation involved the excavation of two 3m by 3m trenches within the existing car park area to assess the

nature and extent of any archaeological features and deposits that may be present. One of the trenches revealed a medieval ditch, running parallel to Castle Road and an early modern floor surface, whilst in the other there was evidence for either terracing of the natural slope or possibly a defensive ditch associated with the medieval town defences.

ENY3817 King Street, In April 2007, MAP Archaeological Consultancy Ltd carried out an evaluation by trial Medieval, post- Scarborough trenching at land adjacent to medieval

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HER No Site name Description Period 3 King Street, Scarborough, in connection with a proposed housing development. Two trenches were excavated. The trench closest to the King Street frontage revealed four phases of stone walling associated with properties fronting onto the street, along with remnants of street/yard surfaces. The earliest structural activity is thought to date from the 13th century on the basis of associated pottery, and is likely to have comprised timber buildings supported on low stone walls. The trench at the rear of the site revealed a series of post-medieval dump deposits which presumably relate to raising and consolidation of the natural site levels in this part of the site. The earliest feature in this trench was a pit-like feature containing 17th-century pottery ENY4241 An Archaeological In April and May 1997 Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Society undertook a two Medieval, post- Evaluation at St trench evaluation as part of the planning process. The work recorded part of medieval medieval Peter's School, and later post-medieval clay pits along with some wasters from the nearby kiln site Auborough Street, recorded during previous work Scarborough.

ENY4242 An Archaeological In July and August 1989 Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Society carried out a Medieval Excavation at 1-3 series of excavations on the site, apparently post demolition of the listed building. The Leading Post work recorded a long section of the medieval town ditch and associated rampart Street, Scarborough ENY4278 see Blenheim Street, In the Autumn of 2007 On Site Archaeology carried out an excavation on the site in Medieval, post- ENY3147 for location Scarborough. advance of development. The excavation revealed a substantial width of the 12th medieval Report on an century defensive ditch of the Newborough of the town, revealing a complex sequence of deposits reflecting the life of this important feature. Dating evidence recovered from

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HER No Site name Description Period Archaeological its upper fills suggested that the feature remained open until the 17th century. Excavation. Additionally a second medieval ditch was excavated running parallel to castle Road, probably as a means of development control ENY4290 Springfield 2006, In 2006, Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Society carried out further Medieval Scarborough. archaeological investigation at Springfield. This recorded more high quality medieval stone surfaces including the floor of a building and a possible yard or street. An earlier

boundary wall has also been recorded, as have waterlogged deposits in the vicinity of the site, by borehole ENY4477 Excavations at In April/May 1989 Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Society undertook a two Medieval 10/10A St trench excavation prior to redevelopment. The work recorded a series of dumps or Sepulchure Street, levelling episodes along with the remains of a massive stone wall which is interpreted Scarborough as being built from the remains of the early friary ENY6237 33-34 Foreshore From December 1995 to February 1996, SAHS monitored the extension and alteration Modern Road, of a group of buildings to the rear of 33-34 Foreshore. Services and stanchion holes had Scarborough disturbed the area to a high degree

ENY2960 23 Quay Street, Between November 2005 and January 2006 Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Medieval Scarborough Society carried out an archaeological evaluation at 23 Quay Street, Scarborough in

connection with proposed development. Further recording took place in March 2006. A concrete garage on the site had been demolished in 2005 leaving the floor slab in place. Prior to 1930 the site had been occupied by a medieval timber-framed building. The concrete floor slab was removed under archaeological supervision revealing a cellar

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HER No Site name Description Period filled by relatively modern demolition rubble. Following the removal of this rubble by machine under archaeological supervision, two trenches were inserted into the brick cellar floor. A stone feature was observed to cross the site, possibly a causeway formed to facilitate tipping for reclamation. Layers of sand and loam containing medieval pottery were interpreted as evidence for dumping. The western and southern cellar walls of the earlier building were exposed and appeared consistent with a 14th or 15th- century date with later alterations. A further trench was hand-excavated in the upper passage area but was closed down after observations in the cellar suggested the former presence of steps in the area which would have destroyed any earlier deposits ENY5474 Friarage In October 2009 Oxford Archaeology North carried out the excavation of trial trenches Medieval, post- Community in advance of the development of a proposed Multi-User Games Area. Five trenches medieval Primary School were excavated of 5m x 2m and palaeoenvironmental samples were assessed. The Proposed MUGA, trenches located the remains of a former stream, the Damyot, with possible medieval Scarborough, and post medieval sediments. Remains of 19thC terraced buildings, external brick yards North Yorkshire and demolition debris were also found. Soil samples taken from the sediments of the Damyot have considerable palaeoenvironmental potential for analysis of plant and invertebrate remains, and fish bones ENY5577 Archaeological During May and June 2007 Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society carried Post-medieval Excavation on out an archaeological research excavation on an area of open land at Auborough Street, Auborough Street, Scarborough Scarborough. It was hoped that the excavation would reveal remains of the Oldborough defenses, however the three trenches excavated demonstrated that the area had been used for clay extraction in the post medieval period and no features associated with the defenses were observed ENY5876 Archaeological Between November 2008 and February 2009 Scarborough Archaeological & Historical

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HER No Site name Description Period Excavations at the Society undertook excavations within the building formerly occupied by Scarborough Scarborough Marine Engineers. Four trenches were excavated, with a fifth (Trench 3) relating to the Marine recording of structural evidence revealed during building work to the south. The foundations for the timber frame of Crazy Cottage were found in the northern part of Engineers Site, the site. In trench five the approximate position of the medieval sea wall was located, Quay which had been robbed out. Full analysis of the finds was still being undertaken at the Street/Sandside, time of the report, Scarborough Ware and Staxton Ware suggested a 14th century, a Scarborough later phase contained pottery of the 16th or 17th centuries. Wood and leather objects were found to have been preserved in anaerobic conditions, this also included caulking material for boat building and heather as a possible roof material. Iron and timber nails, iron slag and a possible pitch pot. Two phases of land reclamation adjacent to the harbour, the 14th century phase had created a new maritime suburb on the south side of the Quay. It was recommended that when the site is developed a trench should be dug to the west of trench 4 to confirm the line of the medieval sea wall ENY7169 14 East Sandgate During the demolition and rebuilding of the east gable wall of this property it was found Post-medieval to be built of stone and to contain two, three-light mullioned windows at a high level.

The wall was originally on the outside of a building which stood further to the east and which had been demolished long ago. The wall indicates the demolished building must have been a substantial stone-built structure, possibly dating to the 17th century ENY6379 An Archaeological An evaluation prior to development recorded medieval leveling activity. Medieval Evaluation of 24- The excavation on the north side of a narrow alley way near the seafront was at the 26 The Bolts, foot of the old cliff line around the South Bay and therefore on what would have been Scarborough the original foreshore before the development of the harbour. The ground had been

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HER No Site name Description Period consolidated in the 14th century by dumping large deposits of household refuse and other waste material to raise the ground level in preparation for erecting a building. These deposits had been kept damp by moisture percolating down the old cliff slope and consequently preserved organic material which otherwise would have decayed ENY6380 An Archaeological An evaluation in advance of possible development recorded post-medieval levelling and Post-medieval Evaluation of 119 dumping Longwestgate, Scarborough

ENY6382 Archaeological The proposed landscaping of a derelict garden was preceded by the excavation of two Medieval, post- Evaluation at 40 trenches to check for the presence of archaeological remains. One trench encountered medieval Princess Street, an in-filled Victorian cellar and was therefore abandoned, whilst the second trench Scarborough revealed a lightly constructed wall of stone slabs with associated layers of burning that points to the existence of a possible medieval building. These features were buried below a thick deposit of medieval demolition rubble. The rubble included quantities of plain clay roof tiles, which are a comparatively rare find in Scarborough. An area of cobbling just below the surface was from the 19th century when there were small workshops in this part of the site ENY6385 An Archaeological Two trenches were excavated in advance of the construction of a new warehouse. One Medieval?, post- Evaluation at 80, St of the trenches found that the southern part of the site had been quarried for clay in medieval Thomas Street, Scarborough the 18th or 19th centuries thus destroying all earlier archaeological remains. The second trench on the north was outside the limits of the clay quarrying and it revealed the edge of a substantial ditch or pit just within the known line of the town’s medieval

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HER No Site name Description Period defences. It is possible that the feature was dug to get material to build the rampart ENY6387 An Archaeological The excavation of an open plot of ground took place in advance of a proposed Medieval Evaluation of a development. One trench revealed part of a substantial medieval building with a well- Site at Globe constructed stone wall and an internal floor of beaten clay. The remains survived to Street and within 0.2m of the ground surface and because of this plans to develop the site were Eastborough, dropped. A second trench to the east exposed further medieval features, probably in Scarborough the yard area to the rear of the house, but a trench along the Eastborough frontage encountered only natural clay ENY6045 An Archaeological Sometime during March and April 2011 Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Society Post-medieval Excavation at 34 excavated two trial trenches prior to the submission of a planning application. The Queen Street, excavation revealed only circumstantial evidence of the friary in residual fragments of Scarborough architectural masonry, glazed floor tiles and other small finds. Further evidence of 18th c clay quarrying for brick and tile making was also found. Both trenches revealed that

the medieval deposits had been removed to a depth of 1.8-2.2 meters ENY6768 Prospect Place, During two days in September 2011 MAP Archaeological Consultancy Ltd carried out an Post-medieval Scarborough. archaeological strip and record excavation, during the excavation of foundations for Archaeological houses. No archaeological features were revealed but a small number of 16th-18th Strip and century shards were present Record Excavation

ENY7158 Bland’s Cliff This brick vaulted structure lies immediately below the road known as Blands Cliff from Post-medieval where it is accessed by a manhole. It is a brick barrel vault with several side passages. The examination of it was confined to photography and sketch drawing due to the

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HER No Site name Description Period difficult conditions. It is thought the structure is part of the 19th century seawater baths which was the original use of the amusement arcade now known as Coney Island

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APPENDIX 2 – GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSESTS (LISTED BUILDINGS)

Table 2 Gazetteer of Heritage assets (listed buildings) Asset No Name Grade DNY11076 The Old Alexandra Music II Hall DNY12192 Cliff Bridge Spa II DNY12196 6-15 Aberdeen Terrace II DNY12199 1-5 Bedford Street II DNY12200 24-29 Bedford Street II DNY12201 The Bell Hotel II DNY12202 Brunswick Terrace II DNY12207 Roman Catholic Church of II St Peter DNY12208 Church of St Mary I DNY12209 Wilson’s Mariners Homes II DNY12211 1-5, Cliff Bridge Terrace II DNY12212 Cliff End House II* DNY12215 Vicarage II* DNY12218 Londesborough Lodge II DNY12219 The White House II DNY12221 Palace Hill Terrace II DNY12222 Palace Hill Terrace II DNY12223 Palace Hill Terrace II DNY12224 Turk’s Head Public House II DNY12225 37 and 39, Eastborough II* DNY12226 41 and 43, Eastborough II DNY12227 St Thomas’s Museum II DNY12228 23, East Sandgate II DNY12234 3-9, Falconer’s Square II DNY12248 St Thomas’s Hospital II DNY12249 3, King Street II

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Asset No Name Grade DNY12250 Brewery Stores (Moor, II Robson and Charrington) DNY12251 21, King Street II DNY12252 22, King Street II DNY12253 23 and 24, King Street II* DNY12254 101-105, Longwestgate II DNY12255 113, Longwestgate II DNY12256 Leading Post Street II DNY12257 115, Longwestgate II DNY12258 121, Longwestgate II DNY12259 125, Longwestgate II DNY12260 127 and 129, Longwestgate II DNY12263 68, Longwestgate II DNY12264 74 and 76, Longwestgate II DNY12265 3, Merchant’s Row II DNY12266 1 and 2, Merchant’s Row II DNY12267 Nos 1 to 6 (consecutively) II and wall and steps up to Cliff Bridge Terrace DNY12268 1, Newborough II DNY12269 George Hotel II DNY12270 39, Newborough II DNY12271 31, Newborough II

DNY12283 Garden and retaining walls II to west and south of Paradise House, along Paradise, Church Stairs Street and to the north of East Mount Flats, Paradise, Scarborough

DNY12285 9, Princess Street II DNY12287 5 and 7, Princess Street II DNY12288 11 and 11a, Princess Street II

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Asset No Name Grade DNY12289 17 and 19, Princess Street II DNY12290 27 and 29, Princess Street II DNY12291 39 and 41, Princess Street II DNY12292 47, Princess Street II DNY12293 2, Princess Street II DNY12294 12, Princess Street II DNY12295 20 and 22, Princess Street II DNY12296 26, Princess Street II DNY12297 6 and 7, Princess Terrace II DNY12298 24, Princess Street II DNY12299 Garden Wall and Terrace II (between Nos 26 and 28) of No 123 Longwestgate. DNY12300 7, Prospect Place II DNY12307 2, Quay Street II* DNY12308 5, Queen Street II* DNY12309 6, Queen Street II DNY12310 7, Queen Street II* DNY12311 8-12, Queen Street II DNY12312 The Talbot hotel II* DNY12313 17, Queen Street II DNY12314 19 and 19a, Queen Street II DNY12315 32, Queen Street II* DNY12316 18,Queen Street II DNY12317 36a and 36b, Queen Street II DNY12318 40, Queen Street II DNY12320 34, Queen Street II DNY12321 41, Queen Street II DNY12322 15, St Mary’s Street II DNY12323 The Leeds Arms Public II House

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Asset No Name Grade DNY12324 The Grand Hotel II* DNY12325 14a, 14b and 17, St Nicholas II* Street DNY12326 Queen Victoria Memorial II DNY12327 Midland Bank II DNY12328 35, St Nicholas Street II DNY12329 5 and 7, St Sepulchre Street II DNY12330 Trinity House II* DNY12331 27-31, St Sepulchre Street II DNY12332 10 and 10a, St Sepulchre II Street DNY12333 21 and 23, St Sepulchre II Street DNY12334 16 and 16, St Sepulchre II Street

DNY12335 Walls, Railings and Gate to II street and path of to street and path of St Peter's DNY12336 9, Sandside II DNY12337 11 and 12, Sandside II DNY12338 15, Sandside II DNY12339 22, Sandside II DNY12340 21 and 23, Sandside II DNY12341 King Richard’s House I DNY12342 25 and 26, Sandside II DNY12343 34 and 35, Sandside II DNY12349 1, Tollergate II DNY12350 2, Tollergate II DNY12351 3, Tollergate II DNY12352 8-10, Tollergate II DNY12353 11, Tollergate II DNY12355 3 and 5, Tuthill II

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Asset No Name Grade DNY12356 9, Tuthill II* DNY12357 4 and 6, Tuthill II DNY12358 8, Tuthill II DNY12360 Public Library II DNY12361 1, Vernon road II DNY12362 2, Vernon Road II DNY12363 26-32, Vernon Road II DNY12364 4, Westborough II DNY12366 4 and 6 Vernon Road II DNY12369 112-114, Westborough II DNY12370 6, West Sandgate II DNY12371 Butter Cross I DNY12375 8, Whitehead Hill II DNY12376 5-10, York Place II DNY12377 19, York Place II DNY12379 11-17, York Place II DNY12382 Police Telephone Box II DNY12390 Bridge over Vernon road II from Crescent gardens DNY12391 Park Dene II

DNY12401 11 and 13, Tuthill II

DNY12402 32 and 33 Sandside II DNY12405 St Peter’s Centre II DNY12407 Newcastle Packet Inn II DNY12408 25, St Sepulchre Street II DNY12410 31, St Nicholas Street II DNY12411 24 and 25, St Mary’s Street II DNY12412 15, St Nicholas Cliff II DNY12413 The Town Hall II DNY12414 The Royal Hotel II

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Asset No Name Grade

DNY12415 29-30, St Nicholas Street II

DNY12416 37 and 38, Queen Street II DNY12417 Castle Hotel II DNY12418 39, Queen Street II DNY12419 Public Market Hall II DNY12420 4, Quay Street II DNY12421 Convent of the Ladies of II Mary (main block) DNY12422 33, Queen Street II DNY12423 32 and 34, Princess Street II DNY12424 14-18, Princess Street II DNY12425 28 and Princess House, 30 II Princess Street DNY12426 1-5 Prospect Place II DNY12427 13 and 15, Princess II DNY12428 21, 23 and 25, Princess II Street DNY12429 43 and 45, Princess Street II DNY12430 4-8, Princess Street II DNY12432 54-60, North Street II DNY12435 41-43, Newborough II DNY12436 The Museum II* DNY12437 4 and 4a, Newborough II DNY12438 29, Newborough II DNY12439 72, Longwestgate II DNY12440 Council School II DNY12441 St Thomas’s Vicarage II DNY12447 13 and 14, Falconer’s Road II DNY12450 The Cliff Hotel II DNY1245 Steps, rails and terrace to II Palace Hill Terrace

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Asset No Name Grade DNY12452 Palace Hill Terrace II DNY12454 Gates and gate piers of the II White House DNY12455 Palace Hill Terrace II DNY12456 31 and 33, Castle Road II DNY12457 90-98, Castle Road II DNY12459 Steps and walls to II churchyard of St Mary’s Church DNY12463 2 and 7, Brunswick Terrace II DNY12465 8-24, Bar Street II DNY12466 36-44, Bar Street II DNY12467 19-22, Bedford Street II DNY12469 Lighthouse II DNY13024 19, Eastborough II DNY13025 1, East Sandgate II DNY13029 Town Wall adjacent to II fomer convent school DNY13030 Post Office II DNY13031 Mecca Bingo Club II DNY16202 9, Leading Post Lane II DNY19469 The former Constitutional II Club

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FIGURES

Figure 1 Location map

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Figure 2 Location of archaeological events within 500m of site

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Figure 3 1853 OS map

Figure 4 1893 OS map

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Figure 5 1912 OS map

Figure 6 1929 OS map

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PLATES

Plate 1 Frontage of Futurist Theatre facing south west

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Plate 2 Terraced slope area facing north

Plate 3 Kings Street car park facing north west

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Plate 4 Foreshore Road facing south west

Plate 5 Flats along Prospect Place facing north

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Plate 6 Kings Street facing south

Plate 7 Kings Steps and St Nicholas Gardens facing east

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