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Fish Diversity and Conservation of Fishery Resources of the River Pilasalunki, Phulbani District

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Fish Diversity and Conservation of Fishery Resources of the River Pilasalunki, Phulbani District The THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE DOI : 10.15740/HAS/TAJAS/9.2/124-128 AJAS Volume 9 | Issue 2 | Dec., 2014 | 124–128 Visit us | www.researchjournal.co.in e ISSN–0976–8963 RESEARCH ARTICLE......... Fish diversity and conservation of fishery resources of the river Pilasalunki, Phulbani district D. SATAPATHY AND S.K. MISRA ABSTRACT...... The study of fish diversity of the river Pilasalunki situated in Phulbani distict, Odisha was attempted during 2012. A total of 23 fish species belonging to 9 families were recorded. Out of the recorded species, 35 per cent are enlisted as vulnerable, 52 per cent as lower risk near threatened category. Maximum number of fish species were collected from slow flow site (31.6%) followed by silty sand beds (17.6%), deep water zone (15.8%), gravel habitat (15.8%), fast flow zone(10.5%) and least in shallow water zone. Shannon diversity index (H’) fluctuated from 0.29 to 0.93, Simpson dominance index ranged from 0.14 to 0.52 and Margalef richness fluctuated from 1.38 to 9.65. Bray Curtis cluster analysis recorded 100 per cent similarities within Wallago attu, Labeo dyochilus and Nemacheilus botia (sub cluster-I), Puntius sarana, P. Sophore, and Mystus cavasius (sub cluster-II), Glosogobius giuris and Mastacembalus armatus (sub cluster-III). Correspondence analysis indicated Nemacheilus botia, Labeo dyochilus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Wallago attu, Cirrhinus reba, Glosogobius giuris, Mastacembalus armatus and Mystus cavasius, Channa gachua, Puntius sophore and Puntius Author for Corresponding - sarana congregated distantly from origin suggesting their stock enhancement through conservation measures. D. SATAPATHY College of Fisheries (O.U.A.T.), KEY WORDS...... Fish diversity, Shannon's diversity index, Bray Curtis similarity BERHAMPUR (ODISHA) INDIA Email: [email protected] HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE - Satapathy, D. and Misra, S.K. (2014). Fish diversity and conservation of fishery See end of the article for resources of the river Pilasalunki, Phulbani district. Asian J. Animal Sci., 9(2) : 124–128. Coopted authors’ ARTICLE CHRONICLE - Received : 04.06.2014; Revised : 21.10.2014; Accepted : 06.11.2014 INTRODUCTION.................................................. Arunachalam, (2000), Chao and Shen (2003), Bakawale and The fish assemblage and diversity indices reflect on the Kanhere (2006), Das and Chakrabarty (2007), Sarkar et al. environmental and ecological conditions of the river system (2008), Yisa et al. (2011), Pallavi and Singh (2013), Sunita and and are influenced by habitat destruction, water abstraction, Kanhere (2013) studied on assemblage structure, distribution pollution, and fishing practices. The adverse effects of such pattern, diversity index of fish fauna in different water bodies, activities have resulted in alteration of structure and function the information on these aspects in the river Pilasalunki is not of biota of most of the stream and rivers in the country. Fishes available. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the are the most threatened group because of sensitivity to diversity indices and community structure of fish fauna in quantitative and qualitative alteration for which, the fish this river to suggest suitable measures for its conservation. diversity is declining faster in past 30 years. The understanding of biodiversity and environmental qualities of RESEARCH METHODS..................................... any ecosystems is essential to formulate suitable conservation The present work was carried out during the year 2012 measures for its sustenance. Though several authors in the river Pilasalunki in Phulbani district, Odisha. Six sampling HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY D. SATAPATHY AND S.K. MISRA stations (each having 50 m x 20 m = 1000 m2) were selected are presented in Table 2. Shannon-Weiner diversity index, along the downstream of the river covering a distance of 5.0 hierarchical clustering and correspondence analysis were km. Sampling was carried out on monthly interval with the calculated using Bio-Pro- version 2, software to generate a help of cast nets of 10 mm mesh size employing twenty throws dendrogram (Fig. 2) to ascertain percentage of similarities from each site limiting to an effort of 1.0 hr in each station. among fish species and their corresponding distance from Immediately after harvest, the fishes were counted; the origin. morphometric observations were taken and were preserved in 5 per cent formalin solution for further analysis. The relative RESEARCH FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS........... abundance of each species was calculated as (ai / A) 100 per The results obtained from the present investigation are cent, where, ‘ai’ is the number of individuals caught in the ‘i summarized below : th’ species and ‘A’ is the total number of individuals collected during a sampling period (Table 1). Margalef’s richness index, Qualitative and quantitative analysis : was used to measure the species richness by using formula, A total of 23 fish species belonging to 9 families were D = S-1/ ln N; where ‘S’ is total species and ‘N’ is total collected from the river during 2012 (Table 1). Family Bagridae individuals of a sample. The Simpson’s Index of Dominance contributed 8.7 per cent of fish species representing Mystus (D) was measured to determine the dominance of fish in a bleekari, Mystus cavasius, family Channidae contributed 17.4 season and or sites. This index was determined by using the per cent representing Channa gachua, Chana marulius, 2 following formula, D = (ni/N) , where ‘ni’ is number of Channa punctata and Channa striata, family Cyprinidae individuals of species ‘i’ and ‘N’ is the total number of all contributed 47.8 per cent representing Amblypharyngodon species of a sample in one site. The results of diversity indices Table 1 : Fishes of the river Pilasalunki with their relative abundance (%) and status in different sites (VU-Vulnerable, EN- Endangered, LRNT-Low Risk Near Threatened and LC-Least concerned, LRLC- Low Risk Least Concerned) Sampling stations Scientific names Fast flow Slow flow Shallow Deep Gravel Salty sand IUCN status River status Fam: Bagridae Mystus bleekari 0 0 0 5.3 3.5 0 VU Frequent Mystus cavasius 0 1.8 0 0 0 0 LRNT Occasional Fam: Channiidae Channa gachua 0 3.5 0 0 0 0 LRNT Frequent Chana marulius 0 3.5 0 0 0 5.3 VU Frequent Channa punctata 0 0 0 1.8 0 1.8 LRNT Frequent Channa striata 0 0 0 1.8 0 0 LRNT Frequent Fam:Clupeidae Gudusia chapra 0 1.8 3.5 0 0 0 VU Frequent Fam: Cobitidae Nemacheilus botia 0 0 0 0 3.5 0 LC Frequent Fam:Cyprinidae Amblypharyngodon mola 0 0 5.3 0 0 1.8 LRLC Frequent Cirrhinus reba 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 VU Frequent Labeo calbasu 0 1.8 0 1.8 0 0 LRNT Frequent Labeo dyochilus 0 0 0 0 3.5 0 LRNT Common Puntius chola 0 3.5 0 1.8 0 0 VU Occasional Puntius gelius 5.3 8.8 0 0 0 0 LRNT Occasional Puntius sophore 0 1.8 0 0 0 0 LRNT Common Puntius ticto 0 3.5 0 3.5 0 0 LRNT Frequent Puntius sarana 0 1.8 0 0 0 0 VU Common Rasbora daniconius 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 LRNT Frequent Tor khudree 1.8 0 0 0 0 0 EN Rare Fam: Gobiidae Glosogobius giuris 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 LRNT Frequent Fam: Heteropnustidae Heteropneustes 0 0 0 0 1.8 0 VU Frequent fossilis Fam: Mastacembelidae Mastacembalus 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 VU Common armatus Fam: Siluridae Wallago attu 0 0 0 0 3.5 0 LRNT Frequent Total: 10.5 31.6 8.7 15.8 15.8 17.6 Asian. J. Animal Sci., 9(2), Dec., 2014 : 124-128 125 Hind Institute of Science and Technology FISH DIVERSITY & CONSERVATION OF FISHERY RESOURCES OF THE RIVER PILASALUNKI mola, Cirrhinus reba, Labeo calbasu, Labeo dyochilus, Month wise total composition of fish species was Puntius chola, Puntius gelius, Puntius sophore, Puntius ticto, recorded as 7.6 per cent, 7.0 per cent, 6.1 per cent, 4.3 per Puntius sarana, Rasbora daniconius and Tor khudree and cent, 4.6 per cent, 7.3 per cent, 10.6 per cent, 11.9 per cent, the other 6 families i.e. Clupidae, Cobitidae, Gobiidae, 14.6 per cent, 11.3 per cent, 7.6 per cent and 7.6 per cent in Heteropneustidae, Mastacembelidae and Siluridae contributed the month of January, February, March, April, May, June, single species each representing Gudusia chapra, July, September, October, November and December, Glosogobius giuris, Heteropneustes fossilis, Mastacembalus respectively indicating significant variation (P< 0.05) within armatus and Wallago attu, respectively (Fig. 1). Out of these species and months. Most of the species were found 23 fish spp 35.0 per cent of fishes are already enlisted as common in summer season (January, February, March, vulnerable (VU) and 52 per cent enlisted as Lower Risk Near April, May), rainy season (June, July, August) and winter Threatened (LRNT) category. Tor khudree, the endangered season (September, October, November, December) seasons (EN) one is rarely available in the river; Nemacheilus botia at varied densities excepting Tor khudree and Nemacheilus and Amblypharyngodon mola enlisted under Least Concerned boti. Tor khudree marked its appearance in rainy season (LC) and Low Risk Least Concerned (LRLC) category, only whereas Nemacheilus botia occurred in summer respectively comprised 4.3 per cent each in the river. season at varied densities. The site wise percentage composition of different species indicated a variation from Mastacembelidae,1 nil to 8.7 per cent. Puntius gelius recorded maximum 1 composition at 5.2 per cent and 8.7 per cent in fast flow and slow flow sites. Most of the species recorded abundance between 3.5 per cent to 5.2 per cent only.
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