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Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from Algeria Article A New Species of Freshwater Amphipods Echinogammarus (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from Algeria Ramzi Hadjab 1, Khaoula Ayati 2 and Christophe Piscart 3,* 1 Faculté des Sciences exacts et sciences naturelles, Université d’Oum EL Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria; [email protected] 2 Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l’Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia; [email protected] 3 ECOBIO-UMR 6553, CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France * Correspondence: [email protected] http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:486CCAC3-66A3-4F84-B04C- 406626B9A6AF Received: 3 November 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 9 December 2020 Abstract: Several samples of amphipods were obtained from six stations in the upper reach of the Youkous Stream, near Hammamet. This study describes a new species, Echinogammarus monodi n.sp., differing from other Echinogammarus species in the length of the first antenna, the setation of the third article of the mandibular palp (bearing three rows of A-setae and two rows of B-setae), the merus and carpus of pereopods 5 with long setae only, and the exopodite of uropod 3 with numerous groups of long simple setae. A full description of the new species and information about its distribution is given in this paper. Keywords: crustacea; Northern Africa; fresh water; stream 1. Introduction The Mediterranean area is one of the most important hotspots of gammarid diversity in the Palearctic inland surface waters [1]. However, for most of the species known in the European coast of the basin, knowledge about their diversity in the North African part of the basin remains limited [2–4]. The number of described species slightly increased since the description of Echinogammarus simoni (Chevreux 1894) in Algeria and Tunisia. The total number of species known in this part of the world is now 22 [3,5], out of which eight were described since 2001. In Algeria, six freshwater species of the genus Echinogammarus are known, with most of them being restricted to a very small area [6]. Contrary to adjacent countries, Algeria is the only country harboring representatives of all three “morphological” groups of Echinogammarus species of the Mediterranean Basin [6]. The first group is the Echinogammarus berilloni group, represented only by Echinogammarus annandalei (Monod, 1924), while the second group is the Echinogammarus pungens group for which two species Echinogammarus reductus Pinkster, 1993, and Echinogammarus valedictus Pinkster and Platvoet, 1990, are known. The last group is the Echinogammarus simoni group which has three species: Echinogammarus simoni (Chevreux, 1894), Echinogammarus tacapensis (Chevreux and Gauthier, 1924) and Echinogammarus haraktis Piscart, Merzoug and Hafid 2013. The Echinogammarus simoni group is the most widespread group in this basin with E. simoni being the only species widely distributed in North Africa and in the Iberian Peninsula [6]. Most of the other species are restricted to a small territory around the type locality. However, recent works in Algeria [7] and in Tunisia [5] highlighted the presence of several species closely related to E. simoni. These works suggested that several species might have been misidentified as Echinogammarus simoni in the past. Taxonomy 2021, 1, 36–47; doi:10.3390/taxonomy1010005 www.mdpi.com/journal/taxonomy Taxonomy 2020, 1, FOR PEER REVIEW 2 Taxonomy 2021, 1 37 To clarify the distribution and the diversity of freshwater amphipods in Algeria, several samplingTo clarify campaigns the distribution were made and thein the diversity last 5 ofyears freshwater (2013–2018). amphipods During in Algeria,surveys several in northeastern sampling campaignsAlgeria, a new were species made in of the Echinogammarus last 5 years (2013–2018). was found During in the surveys upper pristine in northeastern reach of Algeria, the Youkous a new speciesStream, of nearEchinogammarus the city of Tebessa.was found in the upper pristine reach of the Youkous Stream, near the city of Tebessa. 2. Material and Methods 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Study Sites 2.1. Study Sites Amphipod samples were collected in October 2017 from six stations in the spring area of the YoukousAmphipod Stream samples near the werecity of collected Hammamet in October (22 km 2017at the from west six of Tebessa) stations in(Figure the spring 1). This area stream of the is Youkousa small tributary Stream near of the the Medjerda city of Hammamet River flowing (22 kmfrom at Algeria the west to of the Tebessa) Mediterranean (Figure1 ).estuary This stream in Tunisia is a smallnear Tunis. tributary The of mineral the Medjerda stream River flows flowing over around from Algeria 20 km tofrom the Mediterraneanthe Youkous spring estuary (35°25 in Tunisia′2′″ N, near7°57′47 Tunis.″ E) located The mineral at 1100 stream m a.s.l. flows in a natural over around karst 20area km in fromthe south the Youkous of the city spring Hammamet. (35◦2502” This N, 7stream◦57047” is E)well located known at for 1100 both m the a.s.l. quality in a of natural its highly karst mineralized area in the water south and of the the naturalness city Hammamet. of the Thissurrounding stream is environment. well known for both the quality of its highly mineralized water and the naturalness of the surrounding environment. FigureFigure 1.1. Location of sampling sites inin Algeria.Algeria. 2.2.2.2. Animal Sampling and Preparation AnimalsAnimals were were collected collected with with a hand a hand net sampler net sampler and fixed and in 96%fixed ethanol in 96% in theethanol field. Thein the identification field. The wasidentification based on the was key based of Echinogammarus on the key [6of], whichEchinogammarus has been updated [6], which with newhas descriptionsbeen updated of species with fromnew thedescriptions genera Echinogammarus of species from[5 the,7]. genera Amphipod Echinogammarus slides were prepared [5,7]. Amphipod using Faure’s slides permament were prepared mounting using mediumFaure’s permament after the maceration mounting of medium material inafter lactic the acid maceration and coloration of material with pinkin lactic lignin. acid Body and partscoloration were digitallywith pink drawn lignin. using Body a Pen parts tablet were and digitally the Illustrator drawn software using a package Pen tablet (Adobe andTM the)[8 Illustrator]. software package (AdobeTM) [8]. 3. Results 3. Results 3.1. Systematic Part 3.1. SystematicOrder Amphipoda Part Latreille, 1816 Family Gammaridae Leach, 1814 Order Amphipoda Latreille, 1816 Genus Echinogammarus Stebbing, 1899 Family Gammaridae Leach, 1814 Echinogammarus monodi sp. nov Genus Echinogammarus Stebbing, 1899 Figures2–8 Echinogammarus monodi sp. nov Figures 2–8 Taxonomy 20212020,, 11, FOR PEER REVIEW 383 3.2. Material Examined 3.2. Material Examined We examined 35 specimens collected from Youkous spring, Hamamet town near Tebessa, 30.IX.2017.Weexamined The holotype 35 specimens male collected (♂ 10 mm) from Youkousspring,was deposited Hamametin the Museum town near National Tebessa, d’Histoire 30.IX.2017. Naturelle,The holotype Paris male (France), ( 10 mm) under was the deposited references in the MNHN Museum‐ IU National‐ 2019‐2279. d’Histoire Five male Naturelle, paratypes Paris and (France), five femaleunder the paratypes references were♂ MNHN- also deposited IU- 2019-2279. under Five the references male paratypes MNHN and‐ IU five‐ 2019 female‐2280 paratypes and MNHN were‐ alsoIU‐ 2019deposited‐2281, underrespectively. the references MNHN- IU- 2019-2280 and MNHN- IU- 2019-2281, respectively. 3.3. Type Type Locality The Source Youkous (35(35°25◦250′2”2″ N, 7°57 7◦57′04747”″ E) E) is is a a natural natural spring spring near near the the city city Hamamet, Hamamet, Algeria, Algeria, North Africa. 3.4. Etymology Etymology The name monodi refers to Theodore Monod, a famous carcinologist, savant and humanist who dedicated his life to the study of fauna and people from the Sahara desert. FigureFigure 2. 2. EchinogammarusEchinogammarus monodi monodi n.sp.,n.sp., ( (♂ paratypeparatype 9 9 mm; mm; D, D, ♀ paratypeparatype 77 mm).mm). ♂ ♀ 3.5. Description Description A rather small species, maximum length observed 10 mm. Head with a rounded rounded lateral cephalic lobe, eyes relatively small, twice as long as wide and weakly separated from the mid-dorsalmid‐dorsal line (Figures2 2and and3A). 3A). The The first first antenna antenna is much is much longer longer than half than the half body the length body (Figure length3B), (Figure the peduncle 3B), the pedunclearticles are articles short andare poorlyshort and setose, poorly the setose, flagellum the has flagellum 31–32 articles, has 31–32 and articles, the accessory and the flagellum accessory is flagellum is 3‐articulated and armed with a few setae. The second antenna (Figure 3C) is long and Taxonomy 2021, 1 39 3-articulatedTaxonomy 2020, 1 and, FOR armed PEER REVIEW with a few setae. The second antenna (Figure3C) is long and robust but4 shorter than first antenna and is as long as a half of the body length, the gland cone is well developed, robust but shorter than first antenna and is as long as a half of the body length, the gland cone is well almost reaching the third article of the peduncle, peduncle articles 4 and 5 are of similar size and armed developed, almost reaching the third article of the peduncle, peduncle articles 4 and 5 are of similar with many groups of setae on all sides, the flagellum has 14 articles, armed with transverse rows of size and armed with many groups of setae on all sides, the flagellum has 14 articles, armed with setaetransverse that are rows longer of setae than that the diameterare longer of than the segmentthe diameter and of decreasing the segment in length and decreasing distally, and in length calceoli aredistally, always and absent. calceoli are always absent. Figure 3. Echinogammarus monodi n.sp., ((A–C), holotype 10 mm; (D), paratype 7 mm): (A), habitus ♂ ♀ (scale 1); (B), first antenna (scale 2); (C), second antenna (scale 2); (D), second antenna (scale 2).
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