II THE *> i ED BY Till \Ml i:h \\ MUSE! \I l \l'l :i>iti<>\ Br W\i M. W iikki.er Dorylinae \\ iikkkii \\i> SOLDO it ( "1\ jHii- as a rule verv -hort and not limited l>y sutunjs ^riiKi- vertical, not covering the insertions of the antenna-. Antenna- in- r the mouth and close to each other, often less than L2-jointed. Palpi at Qted, in L> fitunilhi only one-jointed. Ocelli and eyes often ahsent without ption in all African genera Suture? of the thorax more or less vestigial: mesono- tum touching the epinotom on the dorsal face, without interposed moteaotum Spurs of the ulna- pectinate or rudimentary. Fostpetiols not always separated l>y son- tion from the third segment; however, iii 1 !'nir(u.s, and Leptauilla, >nd joint of a two-jointed (M-dii-el. Sting developed. Permanently apterous, with the alxlomen much enlarged and swollen: different morphologically from the worker. Qypeus ss in the worker. Frontal DS3 more or less separated. Antenna- 10- to 12-join'- :iot more loped than m the worker: female blind when the workM Si lamentation of the thorax more or less rudimentary; DO tracei of wing! Of I rudiment left at the etiole never separated from the third segment, the pedicel always composed of it. Gaster long and voluminous. M U.K. —ClypeUS and frontal carina- much a- in the female. Mandihles de- veloped, as a rule large: in LeptMniU* very short. Antenna- l^-jointed; sca]x> long, in .nulla only slightly longer than the second joii :id ocelli well developed. Thorax with normal segmentation, winged. Fostpetiole and pedicel much as in the .le. Genitalia completely retractile Dorylini and BcrtinJ or enerted and not tile (Leptan'llini : BubgenitaJ lamina split or furcate; cen-i alxsent. Lak\ m more or less cylindrical, with short hairs, without booked seta-: inandiMe- small, slender, falo Nymi-ii- u-ually naked: enclosed m a 0OCO0O in SOI ton. The tin - in tin- -uhfainilv are so different from one another that their tun- n-lation- remained for a very long time linnciflfctd Tin winged malei were the first t<> be known and were originally placed with the Mutillida'. The worker- and females were recognized into but at first claaained m genera by thetnserres. Though their rela- tion- were more of less suspected hv I.e|)eletief de Saint -Fargeail. Hilli- day, and Shuckard, the 'rue affinilir- of the male and worker hecatne - - only gradually known aft observed for the first time in We*1 >nnilu> male- walking in an army of Anommu worker-. Tin- leu, ling ;i permanently -iihtenaiiean life, an- -till excessively • in collection- and known only for a feu species; their capture in the -mallet -pe. iter fortuitous, whereai in mefa Aeree army ants as it i- .1 \n\ troublesome operation. : 10 fhlMn Awurimn tural History \„\ \l.\ 1 G. Arnold givo the following general iOOOIinl of t In- h;il >it r- (.1 this >ubfamily Tin imciuImt.- i>f thi>>iil>f:iiiiily arc commonly known as driver i>r legionarj ant-. The malt-, which arc winged and provided w tli eyes, arc frequently taken at lights. • in the other hand, the workers are Mind, with the exception of some Bp Ion, in which there is a pair of single-fi. and the females (excepting one species /'itori)are Inith Mind and wingless. The tnemlH-rs of the genus l)i>ri/lu* are almost entirely subterranean in their mode of life, rarely coming to the MB ;.t m dull, cloudy weather. The - the subgenus Ammmm, which live in the more tropical and forested regions of Africa, and to which t hi- term driver ants was origin- ally applied, and the I'.citini of South America, are , however, usually seen above the surface, although, should the rays of the sun prove too powerful, they will construct temporarily tunnel- with particles of earth held together by their saliva. The -p. of .Kiiictux are not so shy of the light and may !>< seen foraging about even in bright sunlight. It is DfObftble that all, or at least th« majority of the secies are cann although I). orimtaMt baa been shown by Green to feed also on taben and the bark <>f trees. As far as known the members of this subfamily do not U a rule make permanent This course is determined by their exceedingly predatory haliils, which com- pel the adoption of a migratory form of life together with the formation of temporary - m localities which are sufficiently productive of animal life to detain them for iii\ length of time. Hanging far and wide in search of prey, which consists of any animal they are strong enough to overpower, these ants must 00061 or later exhaust the areas round their nests, and are forced to remove the latter to new ami more pro- ductive hunting grounds Hut little is known of the habits of the beptanillini: all species .in- hypogate. Bantechi found the nest of tupUnHU nana Bantechi 40 cm. beneath the surface in clay soil: he caught females and workers by in- undating die soil so as to force them to come out of their burrows: work- ers have also been taken by sifting decayed leaves. Tin- males are attracted by lights. A detailed account of the migrations and habits of pome of the African species is given below (see under Dnii/his beqUM&U, D. 0|M D. kohli, I), mgriauu, D. wiktertki, and D.fitlrus). The Dorylina- ate abundantly found in all tropical parti of the world, with the exception of the Antilles and the Malagasy Region: they are absent from the larger part of Australia. A few species reach North Africa, the coasts of Asia Minor, and the central and southern United States. 1915. Ann. South African Mua.. XIV, p. 1 10. 1 Wheeler, Ant* of the Belgian Congo 4 Dorylus Fahririu- Wounfl small or of iih'<1iuiii size, without eves or ocelli, highly |>olyinorphic, <eries of forms which may lx- grouped as maxima-, or soldiers, mediae and minima* In the maxima thr head i> very large and usually broader in front than U-hind. the mandibles an- long and narrow, with a small iiuiiiImt of teeth on the inner border, the dypeufl is very short and not marked off from the remainder of the head by sutures. Frontal carina? very shor Ion together, not concealing the insertions of the antenna'. Antenna- short, insert ed very near the mouth, 9- to 12- joini ling to the species. Media; smaller, with much smaller and shorter ! but the latter not narrowed in front; anterior l>order of clypeus more or less projecting in the middle over the mouth. Antenna- as in the maxima. Minima very -mall, with the head narrowed anteriorly and the anterior border of the clypeus -trough- projecting in the middle. Number of antennal joints reduced, seven being minimum. Promesonotal suture distinct in all three forms of worker; meso- -uture ol«olete. Epinotum always unarmed. Petiole nodiform; post- jMtiole narrowed anteriorly, not or only indistinctly >eparated from the first gastric segment Pygidium with a dorsal impression and terminating in three points. Pos- •il>iu- each with a pectinated spur. I'kmm.k very much larger than the worker, diehthadiiform, i. e. wingless, with long and voluminous abdomen. The head has the occipital lobes swollen and rounded, separated by a median longitudinal furrow. Eyes and ocelli absent, as in the workers. Gypi iie worker maxima, or soldier. Mandibles narrow, edentate. Antennae 11-jointed (12-jointed in the subgenus Dichthadia). Thorax segmented, but the meaonotum without differentiated scutum and scutcllum; alar insertions vestigial, its posterior corners prolonged as blunt point*, Poatpotiole shorter than the fir-; . anient, hut not followed by a constriction. Pygidium and bypopytjum gaping or separated so as to expose to view the eighth pair of abdominal the anal segment and Sting; the pygidium not impressed; the hypopygium surpassing the pygidium considerably and terminating in two lol>es or appendages. M ai.k rery large, with rerylari id ocelli. Crypoasahort, prolonged back- the short, diverging frontal carina-. Mandibles edentate. Antenna? Pi-jointed; scape one-third or one-fourth as long as the funiculus which is filiform. Legs short; femora flattened, tibia1 narrow. Wings with narrow. (><>orly defined pterostigma, placed near the apical third: radial cell elongate and open; one closed cubital cell, usually one recurrent nervure two in the subgenus BASfSCMI and in sonic - . Petiole nodiform or llircr atianfll. it- concavity turned toward the • latter not separated from the gaater by a oonetrietion. Gaater long, eyhndrieal or club-shaped. Pygidium rounded or split at the | Mist erior border (Rhog- riatue). Genital armature voluminous completely retractile; annular lamina narrow: -ti|>es and vol.-ella -inipb-: lacinia absent; oJbgenHal plate deeply forcal Kme.y. who hag devoted mticli eaivt'ul study U) the Dorylinae, divide- Doriflns into >i\ wtgWHMTg (Dorylu.*, sen.su sfriclo: l)ichlh:nii;i itaBcker; Anomnu shuekanl; Typkhpom WoBtwoodj Bhogmua Shuekanl: AUopom Emery mainly on the Bomber Of antennal joints and -nurture of the pyiridium in the worker, the number of :intennal \2 Hull, il History V..I \1.\ joint- ami shape of the hypopyuimn in the female, ami the shape of the mandibles and petiole in the male. Tin- ganUl Map I OCCUTS through- out Atrica. India. Imloehina. the Malayan Region, and Indole ( neo, Java, Sumatra, and !elebec . All bul one of the subgenera and : of the -peeies arc found in Africa: in Asia there are leal than half a tin- doaan -i Iftngff to subgenera Dichihadi*, Typhfopone, and In the 'Genera [naectorum' (Doryfiiue, 1910, p. 7 Emery makes the following statement on the ethology of the genua Doryhu: Mip t 1 )i-tnl.uti.