Arts 7 Quarter 1 – Module 2 Folk and Arts Designs of the Visayas

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Arts– Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 2 – Folk and Arts Designs of the Visayas First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Julie Ann A. Fernan Content Editors: Nenita G. Jaralve Evelyn G. Patiňo Language Editor: Fanny Y. Inumerables Illustrator: Alex B. Basalo Layout Artist: Mariane C. Basalo, EdDD QA Evaluator: Pearly Gimena Moderator in Arts: Archie Gallego Moderator: Milanie M. Panique Management Team: Marilyn S. Andales EdD, CESO V – Division Superintendent Leah B. Apao, EdD, CESE – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Ester A. Futalan, Ed.D. – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Cartesa M. Perico, Ed.D. – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Mary Ann P. Flores – CID Chief Isaiash T. Wagas – EPS LRMS Nenita G. Jaralve – EPS MAPEH

Printed in the Philippines by: ______

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Cebu Province Office Address: IPHO, Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City Telefax: (032) 255 - 6405 E-mail Address: [email protected]

ARTS Quarter 1 – Module 2: Folk and Arts Designs of the Visayas

Introductory Message For the facilitator:

Welcome to Grade 7 – Arts an Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Folk and Arts Designs of the Visayas! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Arts 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Folk and Arts Designs of the Visayas!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills

or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

This part includes an activity that aims What I Know to check what you already know about

the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

This is a brief drill or review to help

What’s In you link the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such

What’s New as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a situation.

This section provides a brief

What is It discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for

What’s More independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. This section provides an activity which What I Can Do will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. This is a task which aims to evaluate

Assessment your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. In this portion, another activity will be Additional Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This contains answers to all activities Answer Key in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the folk arts and crafts of Western, Eastern and Central Visayas. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1& 2 – Western, Eastern, and Central Visayas

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. appreciate the artifacts and art objects in terms of their uses and their distinct use of art elements and principles;

2. trace the external (foreign) and internal (indigenous) influences reflected in the design of an artwork and in the making of a craft or artifact;

3. Discuss the elements from traditions/history of a community for one’s artwork.

What I Know

Memory check! Can you name the pictures below based on what you have learned from the previous years? Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1 3

This product is made from a type of Basey in Samar is known for its shell called ______. beautiful and colourful hand woven that are made from ______leaves. .

2 4

Ati-atihan is a popular festival of ______is made from abaca ______. (Musa textiles) twine and indigenous

plant similar to banana.

Lesson Western, Eastern and Central 1&2 Visayas

In this module 2, you will be introduced to the folk arts and designs of the Visayas group of islands. Your will be learning the representative folk arts and designs from the islands of Panay, Negros, Guimaras, Siquijor, Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, and Samar.

What’s In

Visayan Islands, also called Visayas or Bisayas, island group, central Philippines. The Visayan group consists of seven large and several hundred smaller islands clustered around the Visayan, Samar, and Camotes seas. The seven main islands are Bohol , Cebu , Leyte , Masbate , Negros , Panay , and Samar. These islands and their smaller neighbours make up the central group of the Philippine archipelago.

High mountains characterize most of the Visayan Islands with the exception of Samar and Masbate, which are exceedingly hilly. Panay has extensive eastern plains where sugarcane and rice are farmed. Negros has large western plains on which sugarcane is grown. Corn (maize), coconuts, bananas, tobacco, abaca, and root crops also are widely grown, and fishing is also important in the Visayas.

The densely populated Visayan island group constitutes an ethnolinguistic region defined by the dominance of the three major Visayan languages: Cebuano (which is the mother tongue of about one-fifth of the Philippines’ population), Hiligaynon, and Waray-Waray. Cebuano speakers live mainly on Cebu, Bohol, eastern Negros, and western Leyte. The Hiligaynon are concentrated on Panay, western Negros, and Masbate, while the Waray-Waray are found mainly on Samar and eastern Leyte. The two major Visayan urban centres are Cebu City on Cebu and Iloilo City on Panay.

A short glimpse from the past

The Visayas was first visited by the Europeans in 1521 when Ferdinand Magellan landed in the Philippines. He befriended the raja of Cebu but failed to win allegiance of Lapu-Lapu in the nearby island of Mactan. In a bloody skirmish, Magellan was defeated by Lapu-lapu and it signalled the first armed resistance of the Filipinos against foreign rule. This prompted the colonization of the archipelago several decades after when the expedition of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived in Cebu, fought with the natives, and later founded Cebu City in 1565. Due to the scarcity of food, Legazpi went to Panay and established settlements in the eastern coast of the island.

In this module you will learn the rich culture of the Visayans as reflected from their folk arts and how their taste for art differ from those of their counterparts in Luzon. As we go along with this module, you will have found out how Visayans’ motifs and designs have been inspired and influenced by nature and foreign rule.

It is more fun in the Visayas, come and let’s explore and learn!!!

Dayon kamo sa Visayas!

Notes to the Teacher

This module gives you notable tips, suggestions and strategic ways to make learning simple and easy for learners.

What’s New

Visayas Folk Arts and Crafts The Western part of the Central Visayas comprises Negros and Panay island.

After the Negritoes, the first settlers of Panay were believed to be migrants who came from the island of Borneo. A semi-legendary or folk historical piece of oral literature narrates that during the 13th century, a group of ten brave Bornean datus headed by Datu Puti, came to Panay Island with their families and slaves to escape the oppressive rule of Sultan Makatunaw. They landed at the mouth of the Sirawagan River in San Joaquin, Iloilo. Finding the place peopled by dark-skinned Negritoes, they negotiated for the purchase of the island from the chieftain Marikudo and his wife Maniwantiwan for one gold saduk (wide-brimmed hat), salakot and a manangyad (a long gold necklace).

https://www.tagaloglang.com /salakot/

Negritoes of the Philippines The Negritoes agreed to settle in Uploaded by: CultureFind, May 19, 2014 the interior mountains while the new settlers occupied the coastal part. The story further says that the group of ten datus continued to sail and landed in Malandog, Hamtic, Antique where their first settlement was made.

Of the ten datus, three remained in Panay but the rest of the datus sailed northward and settled in the northern parts of the archipelago. Their leader, Datu Puti, sailed back to Borneo. For administrative purposes, datus Sumakwel, Bangkaya and Paiburong divided the island into three sakups (district): Hamtik, where the province of Antique derived its name, was under Sumakwel; Aklan, which then included the province of Capiz was under Bangkaya; and Irong-irong, where the province of Iloilo got its name was under Datu Paiburong.

The veracity of the written story cannot be ascertained. But the story, passed from one generation to another, seemed only to indicate that there were indeed migration of people from other parts of South East Asia to the already populated Philippine Islands even before the Spanish colonizers came.

However, it is certain that when the Spaniards, headed by Legazpi, came to Panay from Cebu island in the 1560’s, they already found Panay with thriving communities. Material, Non-Material Culture and Livelihood The traditional Visayan house is made of bamboo and cogon if not of nipa palms or pawod (coconut palms). These types of houses are elevated and are found mostly in the rural areas. Today, most rural folk whose children have found overseas employment prefer to build houses out of wood, galvanized iron and cement for their durability.

Weaving of mats and hats along with bamboo furniture making are also known to be good sources of livelihood in barangays in Antique together with patadyong weaving which is still being done in some towns like Bugasong and Sibalom. Bamboo furniture are made in Leganes, Maasin and Sara in Iloilo. Bolo centers are found in Cabanatuan and Leon while pottery centers are found in Jibao-an in Mandurriao, Zarraga and Pani-an in Balasan, Iloilo. Rattan crafts are found in Miag- ao, Leganes and Villa.

What is It

Panay Island The island is famed with folk arts and legends. In some accounts, although disproved later due to its fictitious origin and authenticity, it is in Panay that the first written code was decreed- the Code of Kalantiaw. The epic of Hinilawod, the legend of ten Bornean Datus in the epic of Maragatas and other folk literatures signify the rich culture of its people that are carefully woven into their arts and traditions. Panay island is one of the largest islands of the archipelago lying south of Romblon. This triangular island is composed of the provinces of Iloilo, Antique, Aklan, Capiz and the island of Guimaras. The story of the ten Bornean datus who fled from the despotic rule of Sultan Makatunaw relates that the first inhabitants of the island are the Ati headed by their chief known as Marikudo. In the barter of Aninipay, Marikudo sold the island of Panay (the lowlands) to the ten Bornean Datus for a piece of golden salakot. The barer is said to be celebrated in the fabulous and spectacular festival called Ati-atihan in Kalibo, Aklan; Dinagyang in Iloilo and

Binirayan in Antique. These festivals showcase the products, artistry, creativity and craftsmanship of the people of Panay.

The name of Panay island was given by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi when his team moved there after experiencing food scarcity in Cebu. Panay,literally means “there is food” in Spanish.

Arts and Crafts of Panay Island The province of Aklan is known for Basket Tray and Mat Making. Weaving is the primary form of arts and crafts in Panay Island. In Iloilo, weaving patadyong is an important industry. Antique Patadyong Patadyong is a wrap-around piece of cloth worn by women. This type of clothing is often colourful and features linear and geometric designs.

For a hundred years, the manual and time-consuming handweaving of patadyong and bablon is still practiced in Iloilo particularly in Miag-ao. This weaving practice used handlooms. In Badiangan, weaving is called paghahabol. Weaving from indigenous textiles such as jusi and pinya become popular in the later part of 19th century despite of the introduction of cheap cotton cloth from west that dominated the local textile industry. It is also weeding the field and feeding their animals. Once, Iloilo was the thriving capital of textile industry in the Philippines with weaving communities in Arevalo, Jaro and Iloilo.

Image credits to Wikimedia Commons Cloth weaving in Aklan requires long hours of laborious and painful extraction of fibers pineapple leaves. It takes two months to prepare a 10-meter long cloth from pinya. In the process, the weaver will snap the short leaves of the plat, remove the thorny sides and scraped with a broken

https://www.thetextileatlas.com/craft- 11 stories/pina-cloth-philippines

china plate and pummelled by hand to reveal the first set of fibers called bastos. After this, it is then scraped with a coconut shell to get the finer linawan fibers. When about a thousand leaves have been scrapped, it is then washed partially sundried, wrung, and gently beaten by a bamboo stick to separate the fiber.

The fine fibers are then line-dried using an ordinary hair-comb. The fiber are then tied on both ends, cut by a sharp bamboo stick and coiled in a clay pot with sands to prevent tangles. This process requires a good eyesight.

https://philippinefolklifemuseum.org/portfolio- items/history-and-origin-of-pina/ The pinya weaving of Aklan requires a weaver to become almost saintly because of its delicate and sharp fibers that often cause multiple cuts to the hands.

In Aklan, weaving baskets, trays and mats is popular. Aklanon uses pandan and bariw – a type of pandan, to make their products. Pagrarara it banig or mat weaving is often a form of social interaction. The tedious preparation to make a mat includes the gathering of bariw leaves using a sangget – a cutting instrument similar to kawit or barabas in

Southern Luzon Provinces. https://www.bitlanders.com/blogs/ baskets-and-mats/4020210

PANDAN LEAVES The thorny sides of the leaves are then removed using bukog- a simple stripping machine made from bamboo. Then, the leaves are tied together and sundried for two to three days. When the bariw are already deep brown, they are pounded in a process called palpag until such time that the leaves become soft. Then, they are tied into bundles, pounded again before stripping them into a simple machine with blades called kulhadan. The strips are then arranged to make kiyapis (made from four strips of bariw leaves) that will serve as the framework for the mat called taytay before pagparatas will take place. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/64056674 6972576685/

It is only after this that the weaver can start the complicated process of paragrarara. Kapis (capiz) shell is also an important craft in Panay island particularly in Aklan and Iloilo. The shell is often collected from the sea, bleached and dried before pressing or cutting into desired shapes. The pearl-like luster of kapis make it an ideal material for lamps, decors, trays, and souvenir items.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowp ane_oyster

In the pre-Hispanic times, the island of Negros is called Buglas after the type of grass similar to sugarcane that grows abundantly in the island. When Magellan’s crew docked near the island, they saw black people that they called Negros. The island of Negros is sliced into half by a mountain range where Mt. Kanlaon is the highest peak. Legend says that Kanlaon came into being after the tragic death a lover in the spot where it now stands. Negros is an island of so many festivals. One of the famous is the Maskara Festival in Bacolod the most spectacular display of colors and https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/38625410 beauty of Negrenses. 5524788517/

Arts and Crafts Buri leaves Weaving is an integral part of the lives of the Negrenses. Their weaving practices include roofing materials, walls, hats, and baskets using pandan and buri leaves. Pinya weaving is also a lucrative industry in Bacolod where materials are imported from Aklan.

https://drfarrahcancercenter.com/portf olio/buri/ In Valencia, Negros Oriental, sinamay weaving is a world-class industry. Sinamay is made from abaca (Musa textiles) twine and indigenous plant similar to banana. The natural fiber is dyed, woven and stiffened for the production of mats.

https://www.sye.com/millinery- supplies/zoria-abaca-sinamay-fabric.asp For years, Sinamay fabric have been widely used as hat making, ornaments and packaging material. The film fiber is 3 times stronger than cotton and silk easy to shape the material with dramatic shapes, natural and easy to dye for desire colors are all reasons why sinamay is so popular as millinery supply

. https://www.slideshare.net/saidore13/folk-arts-from-visayas-region/1 Cebu City is the oldest settlement established by the Spaniards and second most important centre of the Philippines. It is also known by many nicknames such as Queen City of the South, City of Fashion and Designs and ASEAN City of Culture/ASEAN Cultural City. Cebu City is popular for so many crafts and a leading exporter of world-class furniture in Southeast Asia. The Cebuano designers are able to experiment the use of indigenous materials such as rattan in making high quality furniture. Cebu is also dubbed as Milan of Asia because of this furniture industry.

Arts and Crafts Many Cebuanos are able to make names in the field of arts and crafts particularly in furniture industry such as Vito Selma, Debbie Palao and Kenneth Cobonpue. These artists use rattan as well as experimental materials to make unique and highly stylized furniture and fixtures for elegant living. https://thefinickywanderer.com/2016/10/27/destination - cebu-city-philippines/cebu-weaving-5/ Cebu artists use indigenous materials and blended with modern taste. Coconut shells, shells, bariw, rattan, capiz and wood are among the favourite medium. Fashion jewelleries made of woods, stones and metals are among the highly priced products of Cebu.

Saved by Tina Campus Jewelry Creations

Kenneth Cobonpue A young Cebuano artist who is an industrial engineer by profession. He became internationally popular for his signature designs in natural fibers and materials. His designs mainly focus on nature’s form using rattan, buri, bamboo, and abaca. https://twitter.com/kennethcobonpue Kenneth Cobonpue’s passion for creative design started at an early age. Even as a five-year-old kid, he already used to stay at his family’s backyard furniture factory, playing and designing things using various materials. This eventually grew to an interest in the furniture industry. And so, he and his mother started attending furniture fairs around the globe. Following his father’s request, he took up Business at the University of the Philippines (UP). But, since his passion was really in designing, he shifted to Fine Arts. However, though his heart was into studying Fine Arts, he was not accepted at UP. He then enrolled in an Industrial Design course in Germany, where he stayed and learned about furniture designing.

Image Credits: Architonic, Kenneth Cobonpue He then took over his family’s furniture business in 1996. And unlike other family businesses in the Philippines, he insisted on selling his creations and designs under his name, instead of their family’s.

He did not pattern his business on what his mother and other local furniture owners did—selling their creations to known companies abroad, rebranding the products.

“At least 90 percent of furniture makers in the Philippines still get sold under different names. It’s like we are a factory,” Cobonpue said to Entrepreneur. “And it’s very difficult to sell something in the upper end of the market associated with the brand Philippines since they think it should be cheap, thinking that it’s low- quality. So, we always have to fight against that prejudice every day.”

Debbie Palao Debbie Palao, one of the most awarded Cebuano furniture designers, had the passion to create things. She shared that according to her mother, she started drawing way before she started writing.

http://serdef.org/2011/10/manageme nt-style-no-walls-in-our-office/

An accounting graduate, because her father, who was a lawyer, “pre-selected” the course for her, Debbie had the natural talent of an artist. A hardworker, Debbie said she has learned the value of being proactive from her family, as well as sharing her success so that others will also achieve their dreams. This is why she shares her successes to the community, most especially to the women involved in the furniture industry.

“This is an advocacy that is close to my heart, actually. Many of the natural materials I use come from areas where these materials are indigenous: Albay, Samar, Negros, and

(https://twitter.com/debbiepalao 16

Panay. Many are being produced and processed by cooperatives made up of women,” she pointed out.

With her natural talent and passion to create, hard work and the sense of duty to give back to the community to share what she has achieved, more success will surely go Debbie Palao’s way. (Source: https://www.philstar.com/cebu-lifestyle/2011/03/23/668599/passionate-devotion-create)

Vito Selma

Since 2006, Vito Selma has dabbled in different aspects of furniture design. Starting out as Creative Director for Stonesets International Inc. ®, a three- decade old family corporation established in 1988, he worked his way to the Head Design Director post before finally taking on Vito Selma® as a separate and independent brand. Vito’s formal background https://www.esquiremag.ph/the-good- in design began when he enrolled at the life/mavericks/cebu-based-designer-vito-selma-on- finding-inspiration-and-his-biggest-pet-peeve-a1642- 20170727

Academy of Art College in San Francisco, where he had a short stint. The year 2011 brought Vito learning opportunities that veered on more than the usual. A move to Milan, Italy allowed him to pursue his Masters in Industrial Design at the Scuola Politecnica di Design, where he graduated in 2012. .

Vito Selma was listed by the Philippine Yearbook 2009 among 61 artists that will change the world. In the following years, he has striven to live up to that accolade: In January 2011, Vito was amount 42 designers from 16 different countries who participated in Espacio Nudage in Santander, Spain - a multi-disciplined event dedicated to emerging talent in design.

(Source: https://theartling.com/en/designers/vito-selma/)

Source: https://oggettidesigns.com/collections/vito-selma/products/geo-cocktail-table

Guitars from Cebu are also popular in many parts of the country because of its unique blend of sound, craftsmanship and durability.

https://www.touropp.com/philippines-travel- guide/cebu-tours/cebu-island-arts-and-crafts-dl-611

https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Eastern-Visayas-Region-VIII-Profile

Photo by Jane Dacumos on September 15, 2012

Eastern Visayas is one of the regions of the Philippines and is designated as Region VIII. It consists of six provinces, namely, Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar (Western Samar) and Southern Leyte. These provinces occupy the easternmost islands of Visayas: Leyte, Samar and Biliran. The regional center of Tacloban City, one of two cities of Leyte. Calbayog City is the lone city in Samar, one of the oldest in the country.

The San Juanico Bridge separates the islands of Samar and Leyte the terrain of the two large island is entirely different. Leyte has a high peaked mountain mass in the interior while Samar has low rugged hills interspeed.

Samar and Leyte are two large islands in the Visayas while Biliran is an island province north of Leyte island. The people of Samar and Leyte speak Cebuano, Waray-Waray and other languages while English and Filipino are widely understood. They love festivals and celebrations. One of the most popular festival in the region is the Kasadyaan, Festival City which is a CANCELED. Performers of Pasaka Festival of Tanauan, Leyte who won the Pintados-Kasadyaan celebration of colors, beauty, and artistry. The Festival in Tacloban City in this June 27, 2019 photo. people of Samar and Leyte share rich cultural The provincial government of Leyte on Thursday (May 28, 2020) canceled all events related to the region’s heritage and tradition that they have learned grandest annual festival due to threats of coronavirus from their ancestors. Their ingenuity can be disease 2019. (PNA photo by Roel Amazona mirrored from their unique blending and choice of colors and intricate process in making designs that never changed through different generations. Arts and Crafts Basey in Samar is known for its beautiful and colourful hand woven that are made from tikog leaves. Tikog is the Waray term for bariw or romblon. Mat TRIVIA! weaving is both a passion and occupation of many The National Freedom Warays. It involves a long and painful process from park commemorate gathering of tikog up to weaving the tiny strips into an the landing of General elegant mat with intersecting lines of different colors to Douglas MacArthur and the American form diagonal motifs. Liberation Forces in There are two process involved in making banig- Leyte during World War II. lara (weaving) and burda (embroidery). In the process of paglalara (weaving), the naglalara (mat weavers) buys The white cross the raw materials represents the 2nd phase of Leyte’s from Tacloban City, development when weave the materials Magellan stopped into banig, and sell here on his way to the finished base Cebu. layer to tagaburda (embroider) who make design for the mats to be sold in the market and souvenir shops in the locality and in the nearby provinces.

The pu-so, a specialty of the people in Samar and Leyte. This food stuff is also called bodbod which reflects the value of weaving in the lives of the people. This weaving practice is also similar to patupat, a delicacy in Pampanga.

http://maryainneranoa.blogspot.com/2011/10/di scovering-puso-hanging-rice-is.html

Weaving is already imbedded in the lives of the Warays and Cebuanos living in Samar, Leyte and Biliran. Aside from mats, they also make baskets, bags and other containers that are both useful and functional in the daily lives of the community. Even their food reflects their fondness in weaving. A delicacy known as pu-so or bodbod is a best example of weaving for culinary arts. Pu-so is made from glutinous rice wrapped in a carefully woven young coconut leaves (or talbos).

This weaving practice is not only limited to pu-so but also in plain rice, puto, bibingka and molido. Bohol and Siquijor An island off the southern coast of Cebu and Negros, Bohol is known for its churches and basketry. It is in Bohol that a malmag or tarsier can be found which is considered to be the smallest living primate in the world. This animal is once considered as monkey but later found out by scientist that they do not share the same family. It is in Bohol also that you can find the spectacular views of Chocolate Hills. Legend tells that these hills resulted from the tears of grief of a giant when his love has been turned down by an ordinary woman in the area. From his tears rose the hills that are green during spring but turns into chocolate mounds by summer.

Siquijor is a small island province southeast of Cebu and southwest of Bohol. This island is famous for its beaches and diving spots. Arts and Crafts Basketry is among the earliest industries that have been established in Bohol particularly in the town of Antequera where most of the weavers are women. Their finished products are then sold in the town square where traders sell these products in Cebu, Manila and Tagbilaran City.

https://www.bohol-philippines.com/antequera-baskets.html Antequera baskets, including other native products such as hampers, home furnishings, wall decors, furniture, bags and fashion accessories, come in all shapes and sizes. These handicrafts are made out of whatever native material is on hand: from bamboo, rattan, wicker, nito, buri, sig-id and other vines.

With dexterity and precise movements, learned from years of practice, the crafts are magically woven and shaped by the weavers of Antequera town into beautiful pieces worthy of recognition.

In fact, because of the very good quality and design of their products, demands has steadily increased in the international market scene and expected to continue to increase in the coming years.

Basket weaving skills are acquired and have been handed down from generation to generation in Antequera, even way back to the early 1900s. Children were taught the intricacy of the craft at an early age and continued even with the distractions brought about by the radio and television. Hands continue to fly, while hearing or watching TV programs, in an effort to produce more to meet the demands from local patrons and for export.

All weavings are done in the respective homes of the weavers. There is no common production center. There are three (3) established firms in the industry though who are supported by approximately 10,000 weavers from the municipality. The bulk of their orders come from Cebu, then Manila and with small percentage coming from local buyers.

(Source: https://www.bohol-philippines.com/antequera-baskets.html )

What’s More

Activity 1.1 Understanding Basic Ethnic terms

Using an arrow, label the picture, identify the province and connect to their respective place of origin in the map. The first picture was connected for you. Do the same to other pictures shown below.

2 1

6 7

What I Have Learned

List down what you have realized, discovered, and learned from this module. Write your answer on the shapes below.

I have realized

I have discovered

I have learned

What I Can Do

Activity 1.2: Paper Weaving

Learn the basics of weaving by making this easy paper weave picture. You may combine colors that celebrate various culture of the Visayas region with weaving traditions.

Materials:

a. Construction paper in assorted colors

b. Glue/paste

c. Scissors

d. Glitter glue, stickers, glitters, beads or decorative materials

STEPS:

2. Fold paper into half.

1. CUT PAPER Cut paper into the desired shape and size of your paper

weave picture about 8-12 inches square.

4. Unfold the paper Carefully unfold the paper.

3. CUT SLITS Cut evenly – spaced slits starting from the folded edge and stopping about 1 inch from the opposite edge. Drawing vertical lines to use as guides for cutting can be quite helpful, especially for younger kids. 24

5. CUT COLORED PAPER 6. WEAVE THE FIRST STRIP. STRIPS. Take one paper strip and weave it Cut colored paper strips into 1 inch across the slits, going over and under wide and 10 inches long. The strips the slits. must be longer than the length of your square’s side. If your paper is a rectangle, the strips should be longer than the side perpendicular to the slits.

8. WEAVE THE REST OF THE STRIPS. Weave more strips in an alternating pattern until you get to the bottom 7. WEAVE THE SECOND STRIP. of the slits and your square or rectangle is full.. Move the woven strip to the top and start with the next one. Weave the second strip in an opposite pattern as the first. If your first strip went over and under the slits, the second strip should go under and over the slits.

10. FOLD THE ENDS. Fold the ends of each strip over the edges of the paper square or over the slits. Press to glue in place.

9. APPLY GLUE.

Carefully flip the paper square so that the back is now facing up. Apply at the ends of each paper strip.

9. FLIP THE WOVEN SQUARE. 10. MAKE A PAPER FRAME. Flip the woven paper square again Cut a larger piece of construction so that the folded ends are paper or craft foam to frame your concealed at the bottom. paper weave. You can use a pair of paper edging scissors to create a wavy-edged frame. Glue your paper weave at the center of the frame.

11. DECORATE THE FRAME. Decorate the frame, if you like. Use some glitter, glue, puffy paint, sequins, beads, small craft foam shapes, stickers, buttons, ribbons, and other notions,

Activity 1.3: Pagrarara it Banig (Aklan)

In the Province of Aklan, mat weaving is one of the leading source of income among the farmers. During times between planting and harvesting, they gather in the community to weave mats often accompanied by drinking and socialization.

FOLLOWING THE STEPS THROUGH PICTURES

Shown below is the step-by-step photo of how to start a rara. This is called the taytay or the foundation of the banig. Let’s do it!

Assessment

Multiple Choice Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following is made from abaca (Muse textiles) twine and indigenous plant similar to banana. a. buri b. tikog c. sinamay d. pu-so 2. Cebu artists uses indigenous and blended materials, EXCEPT; a. Basey b. Bariw c. Coconut shells d. Rattan 3. What is the English translation of “Pagrarara it banig”? a. Cloth weaving b. Mat weaving c. Mascara Festival d. Pinya weaving 4. Panay literally means ______in Spanish. a. Food scarcity b. There is food c. Buglas d. Delicious food 5. Which is one of the largest islands in the archipelago lying south of Romblon? a. Panay b. Negros c. Bohol

d. Cebu 6. Which of the following is wrap-around piece of cloth worn by women? a. Buri b. Salakot c. Patadyong d. Baro’t saya 7. During the pre-hispanic times, the island of Negros is called______. a. Food scarcity b. There is food c. Buglas d. Delicious food 8. The oldest city established by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi is ______. a. Panay b. Tacloban c. Cebu d. Samar 9. Which of the following is the Waray term for Tikog? a. Buri b. Bariw or Romblon c. Pandan d. Paglalara 10. Which is the most popular festival in the region of Samar? a. Mascara b. Ati-atihan c. Kasadyaan Festival City d. Dinagyang

II. Matching Type

Direction: Match the items in column A with the items in column B.

Column A Column B

11. Tikog a. Aklan

12. Basey b. Bacolod

13. Ati-atihan c. Tarsier

14. Malmag d. Bodbod

15. Sinamay e. embroidery

16. Pu-so f. Samar

17. Burda g. bariw

18. Rattan h. Cebu

19. Patadyong i. Negros

20. Kapis shell j. Aklan

k. Abaca

III. Identification

Direction: Identify which province or island does the given folk arts and crafts belong. Write your answer on the space provided on the right.

21. Basketry ______

22. Sinamay ______

23. Shell crafts, sinulog, guitar and rattan ______

24. Mat weaving from tikog, pu-so ______

25. Hablon, Patadyong ______

Additional Activities

Making a Portfolio

Portfolio is a collection of pictures, specimens and small objects usually resembling an album or a scrapbook. Unlike a scrapbook, the portfolio is a project – based collection of specimens related to a particular subject. It includes but is not limited to test samples, corrected activities, photos and sample projects that are labelled simply and formally unlike in the scrapbook where labels are either formal or informal depending on the choice of the student or of the learner.

Portfolio provides you the opportunity to become more independent in creating a visually interesting compilation of projects and specimens to promote learning. A properly prepared portfolio also provides a rich source of information and an effective tool for independent, cooperative, and transformative learning.

Direction: Make a portfolio of the different folk-art motifs and craft designs from the Eastern, Western and Central Visayas. Be able to give a short description for each art motif and craft design to emphasize more its heritage value and its comparison with others.

To work on your portfolio, you will need the following materials;

1. Old magazines or used catalogues

2. Colored papers (cartolina or construction paper)

3. Glue or any adhesive materials

4. Cutting tools (scissors, cutters or knife)

5. Decorating Materials (dried leaves, twigs, dried flowers or anything that can be found in your surroundings)

6. Photos, samples or specimens of folk arts and crafts from the Visayas Region

7. Colored pen (if available)

8. Glitters and other related materials

In making your portfolio, you may have to follow or refer to these simple steps:

1. Decide on the topic and layout design of your portfolio. Remember, that your project must be visually pleasing.

2. Prepare the old magazine or used catalogue, this will serve as your book pages or the framework of your portfolio.

3. Use the colored papers and glue to cover the pages of the old magazine or used catalogue.

4. Arrange the background of each part of the Visayas region, you may start with the Western Visayas. Write a short historical background of its arts and crafts. Use your cutting tools to make designs or resizing your photos and specimens.

5. Add decorative materials and found objects. Use colored pens for letterings and other labels.

6. At the last page, write down how the arts and crafts of the different provinces and island in the Visayas region relate and differ from each other.

Answer Key

References/Websites

A. Books 1. Jonathan S. Gimenez and Alice P. Panares, Grade 7 – Arts Learning Module, Quarter 1-Module 2, page 34- 64

B. Webliography (Photos and Articles) 1. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Visayan-Islands#info-article-history 1. Kenneth Cobonpue’s biography credits to https://vulcanpost.com/632264/kenneth-cobonpue-furniture-filipino/, 2. Vulcan Post/Copyright 2020 GRVTY Media Pte.Ltd.Co.Regn 3. Biography of Debbie Palao downloaded from https://www.philstar.com/cebu- lifestyle/2011/03/23/668599/passionate-devotion-create 4. Short biography of Vito Selma credits from https://theartling.com/en/designers/vito-selma/ 5. Antequera baskets article downloaded from https://www.bohol- philippines.com/antequera-baskets.html 6. Paper Weaving, Copyright 2008 – 2020 First Palette.com, https://www.firstpalette.com/craft/paper-weaving.html , 7. https://www.slideshare.net/ypakingan/visayas-mapeh-grade-7-folk- arts?from_action=save 8. https://www.philstar.com/cebu-lifestyle/2011/03/23/668599/passionate- devotion-create 9. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1104303 Page 7 1. Tikog leaves downloaded from https://gozeroph.com/products/tikog-pouch 2. Ati-Atihan Festival image credits to Robert Harding and creator Per-Andre Hoffman 3. Kapis Shell downloaded from https://www.floridashellsandgifts.com/capiz- shell-tealight-holder-s/195.htm 4. Sinamay image downloaded from https://hatalk.com/sinamay/ Page 10 1. Salakot downloaded from https://www.tagaloglang.com/salakot/ Page 11 1. Negritoes Family by CultureFind, May 19, 2014 Page 13 1. Patadyong for women credits from instagram: @IAMLORENLEGARDA 2. Pineapple fiber extraction downloaded from Wikimedia Commons 3. Pinya fiber extraction downloaded from https://www.thetextileatlas.com/craft- stories/pina-cloth-philippine

Page 14 1. Pinya weaving downloaded from https://philippinefolklifemuseum.org/portfolio- items/history-and-origin-of-pina/ 2. Bariw downloaded from https://www.bitlanders.com/blogs/baskets-and- mats/4020210 Page 15 1. Pandan leaves downloaded from https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/640566746972576685/ 2. Kapis shell downloaded from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowp ane_oyster Page 16 1. Negros Map downloaded from https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/386254105524788517/ 2. Buri leaves downloaded from https://drfarrahcancercenter.com/portfolio/buri/ Page 17 1. Sinamay downloaded from https://www.sye.com/millinery-supplies/zoria- abaca-sinamay-fabric.asp 2. CEBU arts images downloaded from https://www.slideshare.net/saidore13/folk-arts-from-visayas-region/1 Page 18. 2. Rattan Weaving downloaded from https://thefinickywanderer.com/2016/10/27/destination-cebu-city- philippines/cebu-weaving-5/ 3. Fashion jewelry Saved by Tina Campus Jewelry Creations 4. Kenneth Cobonpue’s image credits to https://twitter.com/kennethcobonpue Page 19 1. Cobonpue’s Creative Creations, Image credits: Architonic, Kenneth Cobonpue from https://vulcanpost.com/632264/kenneth-cobonpue-furniture-filipino/ 2. Debbie Palao image from http://serdef.org/2011/10/management-style-no- walls-in-our-office/ Page 20 1. Debbie Palao artwork image credits from https://twitter.com/debbiepalao 2. Vito Selma image credits from https://www.esquiremag.ph/the-good- life/mavericks/cebu-based-designer-vito-selma-on-finding-inspiration-and-his- biggest-pet-peeve-a1642-20170727 Page 21 1. Vito Selma Creation: https://oggettidesigns.com/collections/vito- selma/products/geo-cocktail-table 2. Guitars from Cebu credits to https://www.touropp.com/philippines-travel- guide/cebu-tours/cebu-island-arts-and-crafts-dl-611

Page 22 1. Eastern Visayas image credits to https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Eastern-Visayas-Region-VIII- Profile 2. Pasaka Festival of Tanuan Leyte PNA photo by Roel Amazona Page 23 1. Pu-so image downloaded from http://maryainneranoa.blogspot.com/2011/10/discovering-puso-hanging-rice- is.html Page 24 1. Bohol baskets image downloaded from https://www.bohol- philippines.com/antequera-baskets.html

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines, 6000 Telefax: (032) 255-6405 Email Address: [email protected]