A Human Rights-Based Approach to Network Disruptions CONTENTS
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North Korean Cyber Capabilities: in Brief
North Korean Cyber Capabilities: In Brief Emma Chanlett-Avery Specialist in Asian Affairs Liana W. Rosen Specialist in International Crime and Narcotics John W. Rollins Specialist in Terrorism and National Security Catherine A. Theohary Specialist in National Security Policy, Cyber and Information Operations August 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44912 North Korean Cyber Capabilities: In Brief Overview As North Korea has accelerated its missile and nuclear programs in spite of international sanctions, Congress and the Trump Administration have elevated North Korea to a top U.S. foreign policy priority. Legislation such as the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-122) and international sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council have focused on North Korea’s WMD and ballistic missile programs and human rights abuses. According to some experts, another threat is emerging from North Korea: an ambitious and well-resourced cyber program. North Korea’s cyberattacks have the potential not only to disrupt international commerce, but to direct resources to its clandestine weapons and delivery system programs, potentially enhancing its ability to evade international sanctions. As Congress addresses the multitude of threats emanating from North Korea, it may need to consider responses to the cyber aspect of North Korea’s repertoire. This would likely involve multiple committees, some of which operate in a classified setting. This report will provide a brief summary of what unclassified open-source reporting has revealed about the secretive program, introduce four case studies in which North Korean operators are suspected of having perpetrated malicious operations, and provide an overview of the international finance messaging service that these hackers may be exploiting. -
China Insurance Sector
China / Hong Kong Industry Focus China Insurance Sector Refer to important disclosures at the end of this report DBS Group Research . Equity 1 Nov 2017 Multi-year value growth ahead HSI: 28,336 • Strong growth potential back by C-ROSS, favourable policy direction, and structural drivers ANALYST • Favourable asset/liability mismatch position Ken SHIH +852 2820 4920 [email protected] bodes well under a rising rate environment; China lifers’ book value is set to rise Keith TSANG CFA, +852 2971 1935 nd [email protected] • Impact from 2 phase of auto insurance pricing reform expected to be more severe; online insurers considered to be a disruptive force Recommendation & valuation • Initiating coverage on China Insurance sector. Top picks: China Taiping (966 HK), CPIC (2601 HK), and C losing Targe t FY17F Ping An (2318 HK). Top SELLs: PICC P&C (2328 HK), Stock Ticker Rating Price Price PB Yield ROE and China Re (1508 HK) (HKD) (HK D) (X) (%) (% ) Spotlight on value enhancement: We believe China’s low Ping A n - H 2318 H K BUY 68. 1 86. 0 2.4 1.5 17.8 insurance coverage, launch of China Risk-Oriented Solvency C hina Life - H 2628 H K BUY 25. 8 32. 0 1.9 1.8 9.6 System (C-ROSS), and policy guidance will continue to direct China Taiping 966 HK BUY 25.1 38.0 1.4 1.1 8.9 China life insurers to refocus on traditional life products and C hina Pacific - H 2601 HK BUY 37. 7 54. 0 2.0 2.8 11.1 value enhancement. -
Never Agains IV February 2010
the Availability Digest www.availabilitydigest.com More Never Agains IV February 2010 It is once again time to reflect on the damage that IT systems can inflict on us mere humans. We have come a long way in ensuring the high availability of our data-processing systems. But as the following stories show, we still have a ways to go. During the last six months, hardware/software and network faults shared responsibility, each causing about one-third of the outages. The rest of the outages were caused by a variety of problems such as power failures, construction mishaps, and hacking. Rackspace Hit with Another Outage Techcrunch, June 20, 2009 – On June 20, Rackspace suffered yet another outage1 due to a power failure. The breaker on the primary utility feed powering one of its nine data centers tripped, causing data center’s generators to start up. However, a field excitation failure escalated to the point that the generators became overloaded. An attempt by Rackspace to fail over to its secondary utility feed failed because the transfer switch malfunctioned. When the data center’s batteries ran out, the data center went down. Failovers do fail. Have a contingency plan no matter the extent of your redundancy. NYSE Suffers Several Outages in Less Than a Month Reuters, July 2, 2009 – On Thursday morning, July 2, brokers on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange found that they could not route orders, causing the NYSE to halt trading in some stocks and to extend the trading day. During the previous month, a software glitch halted trading; and an order-matching problem affected timely order reconciliation. -
CUGN Academic Catalog Contains Current Information Regarding the Academic Calendar, Admissions, Degree Requirements, Fees, Regulations, and Course Offerings
2012 ACADEMIC CATALOG CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY GLOBALNET 2013-14 ACADEMIC CATALOG www.cugn.org Table of Contents Introduction . 3 Academic Policies . .60 Welcome . 4 Drop/Add Procedures . 60 From the President . .. 4 Appeals Process . 60 From the Academic Dean . 5 Honesty/Cheating/Plagiarism . 61 Contacting Us . 6 Student IDs . 61 About CUGN . 7 Bible Competency Exam and Advanced Placement . 61 History . 7 Repeating a Course . 62 Academic Programs . 7 GPA Scale . .. 62 What We Believe . 8 Pass-Fail and Course Validation in Core 1 . 62 Endorsements and Testimonials . 9 Special Student Needs/Accommodations . 63 General Endorsements . 9 CUGN Email Account/Google Docs . 63 Faculty Endorsements . 10 Incompletes . 63 Mission and Vision . .11 Extensions . 63 Academic Calendar / Enrollment Deadlines . 12 Academic Probation . 64 2013 . 12 Dismissal . .. 64 2014 . 13 Transfer Credit . 64 2015 . 14 Part-time, Full-time, Noncredit Students . 65 Curriculum Description . .15 Discussion Forum Guidelines . 65 Summary Chart of Program Requirements . 16 Requirements for Success . 66 M.A.R. Thesis-Project . 19 Tutorials and Learning Management System (LMS) . 66 M.A.R. Concentrations . .20 Bible Competency Exam . 66 Choosing Your M .A .R . Concentration . 20 English Proficiency . 66 Master of Arts in Ministry Studies (accredited) . 23 Computer/Internet/Software Requirements . 66 Certificate Programs . 24 Student Records . 67 Transfer Credit Courses . 26 Mentor Requirements . 67 Course Lists Per Semester . 27 Graduation Procedures . .67 Undergraduate Degree Options . 30 Online Library / Resources . 67 Course Descriptions . 32 Tuition and Financial Aid . 68 Old Testament . 33 Tuition Costs . 68 New Testament . 37 Tuition Payments . 68 Systematic Theology . 41 Refunds . 68 Church History . 42 Financial Assistance . -
Delivering Excellence in Recruitment and Executive Search Services
Delivering Excellence in Recruitment and Executive Search Services Sharjah Media City, Sharjah United Arab Emirates M: 009715 – 06460207 M: 009715 – 06074009 License No. : 1700770.01 COMPANY HISTORY Since 1988, EHRC RECRUITMENT SERVICES LLC is known as one of the leading manpower providers in United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, Jordan and Libya. Our company is one of the reputed consultants for skilled and unskilled manpower from Philippines, Myanmar, South Africa, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Nepal, East & South Europe and other countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, China and Arab Countries. Our offices are located in Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates and Manila, Philippines. VISION Become the leading customer focused company in the international staffing industry. MISSION To manage the business guided by the qualities of responsible stewardship, professionalism and excellence; To align the goals of the company for adequate profit and growth; To contribute to the national and economic development of the country. SERVICES Europe Human Resources will assist you in enhancing your entire staffing operation including: 24/7 recruitment Job posting creation Process improvement strategies Employment law guidance Internal applicant screening Quality assurance Advertising the client’s current needs. Resume pooling Comprehensive background check Pre-screening and interview Obtain police and government clearances Trade testing Language testing Immigration / migration assistance Pre-departure orientation Facilities for telephone interview, teleconferencing, and personal interviews Pre-departure medical / physical examination MESSAGE FROM THE MANAGEMENT To our valued client, On behalf of the firm and my colleagues, I would like to express my appreciation for granting us this opportunity to introduce our company as a manpower provider for various industries. -
Security Council Distr.: General 27 January 2020
United Nations S/2020/70 Security Council Distr.: General 27 January 2020 Original: English Letter dated 27 January 2020 from the Panel of Experts on Yemen addressed to the President of the Security Council The members of the Panel of Experts on Yemen have the honour to transmit herewith the final report of the Panel, prepared in accordance with paragraph 6 of resolution 2456 (2019). The report was provided to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 2140 (2014) on 27 December 2019 and was considered by the Committee on 10 January 2020. We would appreciate it if the present letter and the report were brought to the attention of the members of the Security Council and issued as a document of the Council. (Signed) Dakshinie Ruwanthika Gunaratne Coordinator Panel of Experts on Yemen (Signed) Ahmed Himmiche Expert (Signed) Henry Thompson Expert (Signed) Marie-Louise Tougas Expert (Signed) Wolf-Christian Paes Expert 19-22391 (E) 070220 *1922391* S/2020/70 Final report of the Panel of Experts on Yemen Summary After more than five years of conflict, the humanitarian crisis in Yemen continues. The country’s many conflicts are interconnected and can no longer be separated by clear divisions between external and internal actors and events. Throughout 2019, the Houthis and the Government of Yemen made little headway towards either a political settlement or a conclusive military victory. In a continuation from 2018, the belligerents continued to practice economic warfare: using economic obstruction and financial tools as weapons to starve opponents of funds or materials. Profiteering from the conflict is endemic. -
Availability Digest
the Availability Digest www.availabilitydigest.com Help! My Data Center is Down! Part 3: Internet Outages December 2011 Long gone are the days of the isolated data center. Back then, batch jobs were submitted to update databases and to generate reports. Back then, turn-around times were measured in hours or even days. In today’s competitive environment, IT services are online; and instant response times are expected. What good is a data center if no one can talk to it? Orders can’t be placed or tracked. Medical records can’t be accessed. Online banking comes to a halt. Today’s data centers must be connected. They depend upon the networks that allow users to access them online reliably and with fast response times. In the old days, a company had control over its communication network. It leased lines that it used exclusively for its purposes. If it lost communications, it had direct access to its communication carrier for rapid repair. For critical applications, companies installed redundant communication facilities so that they could continue in operation even in the presence of a communications failure on one of their lines. Not so true today. More and more, companies are relying on the public Internet to connect their users with company data centers. But how reliable is the Internet? In our previous articles in this series, we related horror stories of unimaginable power failures and storage failures that took down the best-designed data centers. In this article, we explore some notable Internet failures that rendered data centers useless even though they were otherwise fully operational. -
Potential Human Cost of Cyber Operations
ICRC EXPERT MEETING 14–16 NOVEMBER 2018 – GENEVA THE POTENTIAL HUMAN COST OF CYBER OPERATIONS REPORT ICRC EXPERT MEETING 14–16 NOVEMBER 2018 – GENEVA THE POTENTIAL HUMAN COST OF CYBER OPERATIONS Report prepared and edited by Laurent Gisel, senior legal adviser, and Lukasz Olejnik, scientific adviser on cyber, ICRC THE POTENTIAL HUMAN COST OF CYBER OPERATIONS Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 4 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 10 Session 1: Cyber operations in practice .………………………………………………………………………….….11 A. Understanding cyber operations with the cyber kill chain model ...................................................... 11 B. Operational purpose ................................................................................................................. 11 C. Trusted systems and software supply chain attacks ...................................................................... 13 D. Cyber capabilities and exploits .................................................................................................. -
Media Intimidation in Fiji's 2014 Elections
5 ‘Unfree and unfair’?: Media intimidation in Fiji’s 2014 elections David Robie Introduction Fiji was a media pariah among Pacific nations, as well as a political outcast, for much of the eight years after Voreqe Bainimarama’s military coup in December 2006. But while some media credibility was restored in the months leading up to the 2014 general elections and during the ballot itself, the elephant is still in the room: the 2010 Media Industry Development Decree (Fijian Government 2010). While this Decree remains in force, Fiji can hardly claim to have a truly free and fair media. Just seven months out from the September 17 elections, Fiji was ranked 107th out of 179 countries listed in the 2014 World Press Freedom Index prepared by the Paris-based global media freedom organisation Reporters Without Borders (RSF). That ranking was an improvement on the previous year (RSF 2014a), rising 10 places from the 2013 ranking. The major reason for this improvement was the adoption of the new Constitution on 6 September 2013, criticised as 83 THE PEOPLE Have SPOKEN it was in many quarters during that year, and the promise of ‘free and fair’ elections by 30 September 2014. The elections gave Fiji’s ranking a further boost, rising 14 places to 93rd (RSF 2015). There was considerable hope among news media and civil society groups that the general elections would open the door to a free media climate, which had been lacking since the coup. Over the past few months there has been a marked improvement in public debate and news media have been relatively more robust in terms of published political comment and debate, particularly in news columns and in letters to the editor. -
No Internet? February 2008
the Availability Digest What? No Internet? February 2008 On Wednesday, January 30, 2008, North Africa, the Middle East, and India experienced a massive Internet outage that was destined to last for several days or even weeks.1 How did this happen? How did companies cope? Could it happen in other areas such as Europe or the United States? The Failure The bulk of data traffic from North Africa, from the Middle Eastern countries, and from India and Pakistan is routed through North Africa. There, it is carried by a set of three submarine cables that lie under the Mediterranean Sea. The cables link Alexandria, Egypt, with Palermo, Italy, where the traffic then moves on to Europe, the UK, and the Eastern United States. On January 30, 2008, two of these three cables were severed. It is not yet known why, but the predominant theory is that the cables were severed by the anchor of a huge freighter. Heavy storms had hit the area the previous day and forced Egyptian authorities to close the northern entrance to the Suez Canal at Alexandria. As a result, ships had to anchor offshore in the Mediterranean Sea, dropping their anchors to ride out the storm. It is suspected that one of the freighters dropped its anchor on top of the cables. Reportedly, the two severed cables were a kilometer apart. The storm may have dragged the freighter’s anchor across the sea bed, thus taking out both cables. The result of this catastrophe was that 75% of channel capacity was lost from the Mideast to Europe and beyond. -
Assessing Payments Systems in Latin America
Assessing payments systems in Latin America An Economist Intelligence Unit white paper sponsored by Visa International Assessing payments systems in Latin America Preface Assessing payments systems in Latin America is an Economist Intelligence Unit white paper, sponsored by Visa International. ● The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole responsibility for the content of this report. The Economist Intelligence Unit’s editorial team gathered the data, conducted the interviews and wrote the report. The author of the report is Ken Waldie. The findings and views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor. ● Our research drew on a wide range of published sources, both government and private sector. In addition, we conducted in-depth interviews with government officials and senior executives at a number of financial services companies in Latin America. Our thanks are due to all the interviewees for their time and insights. May 2005 © The Economist Intelligence Unit 2005 1 Assessing payments systems in Latin America Contents Executive summary 4 Brazil 17 The financial sector 17 Electronic payments systems 7 Governing institutions 17 Electronic payment products 7 Banks 17 Conventional payment cards 8 Clearinghouse systems 18 Smart cards 8 Electronic payment products 18 Stored value cards 9 Credit cards 18 Internet-based Payments 9 Debit cards 18 Payment systems infrastructure 9 Smart cards and pre-paid cards 19 Clearinghouse systems 9 Direct credits and debits 19 Card networks 10 Strengths and opportunities 19 -
Sarah Clemens* Journalists Face a Credibility Crisis, Plagued by Chants
FROM FAIRNESS TO FAKE NEWS: HOW REGULATIONS CAN RESTORE PUBLIC TRUST IN THE MEDIA Sarah Clemens* Journalists face a credibility crisis, plagued by chants of fake news and a crowded rat race in the primetime ratings. Critics of the media look at journalists as the problem. Within this domain, legal scholarship has generated a plethora of pieces critiquing media credibility with less attention devoted to how and why public trust of the media has eroded. This Note offers a novel explanation and defense. To do so, it asserts the proposition that deregulating the media contributed to the proliferation of fake news and led to a decline in public trust of the media. To support this claim, this Note first briefly examines the historical underpinnings of the regulations that once made television broadcasters “public trustees” of the news. This Note also touches on the historical role of the Public Broadcasting Act that will serve as the legislative mechanism under which media regulations can be amended. Delving into what transpired as a result of deregulation and prodding the effects of limiting oversight over broadcast, this Note analyzes the current public perception of broadcast news, putting forth the hypothesis that deregulation is correlated to a negative public perception of broadcast news. This Note analyzes the effect of deregulation by exploring recent examples of what has emerged as a result of deregulation, including some of the most significant examples of misinformation in recent years. In so doing, it discusses reporting errors that occurred ahead of the Iraq War, analyzes how conspiracy theories spread in mainstream broadcast, and discusses the effect of partisan reporting on public perception of the media.