·S~R"Ant of India Editor: V

THE ·S~r"ant of India Editor: V. VENKATA SUBBAIYA. Office: KIBE WADA. BUDHWARlpETH, POONA CI1Y

INLAND SRI. 6. VOL. VI No. 53. J POONA-THURSDA.Y, JA,NUARY 31. 1924. , { ~'OBBIGN UBNS ••• 10: • HIS MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT. , THE CABINET. P'l'ime Minister and Foreign Seoretary. J. Ramsay MaoDonald. Lord Privy Seal and Leader of H. C. J. R. Clyne•• Lord President of the Council. Parmoor. Lord High Chanceller, Haldane. Chancellor of the Exohequer. Philip Snowden. ~ Secretary of State for Home Affairs. Artaur Henderson. Colonies• J. H. Thomas. " ...... War• Stephen Walsb...... Ind~a • Sir Sydney Olivier. Scotland. W. M. Adamson. .. " " First Lord of be Admiralty. Chelmsford. President •. Boarel of Trade. Sydney Web". " Board of Education. C. P. Trevelyan. Minister''if Heaith. / John Wheatley. .. Agriculture and Industries. Noel Buiton. .. Labour• Thomas Shaw. Attorney General., Patriclr. Hastings. NOT IN THE CABINET. Gen. C. B. Thomsol .. Secretary of State for Air. '" Minister of Pensions. ... F. Roberts. Minister of Transport. ") .. . H. Gosling. Postmaster General. V. H arlsh" rD. Asst. P. G. ... Chancellor, Duchy of Lancaster, J csiah Wedgwood. First Comm. of Works. F. W. Jowett. Solicitor General. , .. R. R. Siesser. Payma'ster General. Civil Lord of Admiralty. Frank Hodges. Treasury: Junior Lords. • .. Financial Secretary.... William Graham. P arliamen tary Secreta ryan d } Ben Spoor. Chief II\; hip. Under-Secretary, Air Ministry. William Leach CclonialOffice. . Sydney Arnold. Foreign Affairs. Arlhur Ponsonby. Home Dept. hhys John Davies. lndie/Office. Robert Richards. War Offioe. ••• Major C. R. Attlee. Ministry c,f Health•••• JaB. Stewart. Assistant Under.Secretary. Min. of Lahour. Sir Louis Kershaw ParI. Secretary, Beard of Admiralty ... . C. G. Ammon• Min. of Agr...... - , W. R. Smith . Board of Education •••• Morgan Jone~. Overseas Trade. H. M. Lunn. Min. of Heal~h .. Arthur Greenwood. Min. of Labour. Margaret Bondfiela: Min. of 1 ransport. Min. of Pensions.' J. W. Muir. Board of Trade. A. V. Alexander. Min. of Mines. E. ShinweJl . . Financial Seoretary, War Office. J. J. Lawson. Lord Advocate of Scotland.. Solicitor General of Scotland. 621 THE SERVANT or INDIA.. ,. [JANUA.RY St, 1924. co NTE NTS· " Thia propaganda in the Eaat," said Mr. George I:' ... UII "II DOt al&olle'h •• Bol.h.vi.&. Any ODe wlo bal folio ... HIB MAnSTY'S GOvBBIIIIEN1i ...... 6Z1 ed tbe HI.tor, of &h. malO.r kno... &hat up &0 190' Ru.li • ToPICS 01' ~HB WB1!K ,. ••• 622 ,,!,al •• ndiollarge Bum. out of ber Secret 88"'08 in ord., " ABTl0LB8:- 00 propagaDdl •• ,h. Eut, ogain.' Brl&i.h In'.ren.. I, ..al ohroughly' 'Well known. j& ..aa done In Ponla The New Leaderahip. 62' W 10 Thao noar Ally. . •. 626 Afghani ..an, Baluohillao, &llri.,.o, and India. It _aa well tbal there were IUmlof money A Chlm for COD.lioutional Reform. 627 kDown large The IndiaD Eo.nomlo CODrorenoe. By Prof. R. P. beiDa apent bJ the old BUlstaD regime in order to ore at. anti-Britiah .,ottmant io all tbea. couDtrl,s: What Paovardban, I. E. B. 628 happeD04' In 1906 )'ou had :th. Reval meeoing. A now OCDII'itutlonal Convention: A t.r.vesty, B, A. B. uDd ...,.ndiDg wa••• hbUah.d wio. Ru•• la. Frolll Ohat Venk.I.raman, B. A.. L. T. - 629 moment the propagada cealed. II there Dot a 1•• IIOD in )& 180ELLANEO J S :- .bal, Ibal 'he •••••'Ial proUmin.'" to Ihe o•••• llon of Tho 'l'bird Pan·A.frloon COngr •••• 631 propaga.da in ,h. Ea", agalnl& Bri'lsh In'.roll. I.... CORRE5l'ONDENBOB :- re-.,tablisb lome 1011 of understanding? We talk about The Akali Movement. By ROIll Lal. fiS1 revolutioni., and T.ari., governmen,. The RUI.isD i. &h. ohlDg that matt... and th.ra are r •• Uy DO fond .. TOPICS 010' THE WEEK mental differences. WheD you oome '1.0 meet tbele people. the differenoel are no' lundamental b!.1iween .,our Tlarilt and your Bollhevl.t-I am noO t.lking DOW aboul THE death of Vladimir Ilyloh Uli. doollinel-the moment: tb8J get OD to foreign poUoy. II .....Ia. anov, who is best known to tbe • • • world under his pen name "Lenin", removes from WE are reprinting to.day on another tbe world to·day one tbe outstanding figures In P.D·I~~:"~ aDd page from tbe Crisis' of tbis month contemporary history and one of the great names a resume of tbe Tbird Pan.Afrioan of all history. Lenin's magnetio personality and Congre81 lind would draw particuler attention to hold over his people Is only oomparable to tbat of tbe faot that amongst the chief speakers figures Mabatma Gandhi's over our own people. Painted none other than our present Secretary of State for as an inhumen monster by Western propsganda, India: and the most significant point about it r •• Lenin's was really a most winsome nature. Single ally is, that his name is one that one would natur minded to tbe border ( but not beyond it I) of fana aUy upect to lind tbere 'and anywhere, indeed, ticism, he was great enougil not to be afraid of wbere an attack against Colour Prejlldioe is being moderation and it is well koown that the whole led. Sir Sydney is apparently one of tbo~e fortu. ra-orlentatlon of Russia's "New Economio Polioy" nate people born immune agains~ oolourphobia and was due eotirely to his boldness in espousing it, it seems to us that this in itself is his best titlo to brusbing aside as be did all question of Commu. the new respon.ibilities with wbioh be has noW' nist "prestige". Kalinin and Kamenyeff are Le. been entrllsted. For what we Indians primarily nin's most likely sucoessors: principally beoause want, surely, is not so much somebody wbo agrees they are p'ledged to a continuation and even with us, as somebody wbo can be trusted to broadening of Ibis "N. E. P." Indeed, as we write, agree or disagree, with us irrespective of all pre we have before us the ollicial Soviet .. Russian oonception8 as to racial supsriorlty and inferior. Information IloDd Review" of the 5tb wbioh gives a ty. And if any body bas any further doubt on Sir most important resolution of the Central Committee Sydney Olivier's trustworthiness in this respect, W8 of the Russian Communist Party in the direotion would ask him to refer back to our iSBlle ofNovember of further concessions to capitalism, a resolution, 8th, in wbioh we gave a full abstract of bis article which, as tbis paper says, "is widely interpreted on "Colour Prejudice" in the Ootober number of the as oontaining decisions of extreme importanoe." Contempora1'1/ Review, and add that the whole of We entirely agree; andtbat they mean a 'further his career, in the Colonial Ollioe servioe, as Ollt "strategio retreat", we ae convinced opponent! of of it, bas been bllt a practical applioation of the Communism, can but applaud. It is all tbe .more prinoiples enunoiated by him. In wbich latter fitting that at this time, when a whole nation. respeot, he would seem the exact opposite to Ge. mourns him wbo cried a bait to Communist iD neral Smllts who is SI1' fond of enunciating prin. trans:gence, we too should psy our tribute to this ciples in Ellrope, whilst his aotions in Afrioa do far-visioned and great son of Russia. notbing but refute them: a p ,jnt'whioh tbe same • Pan·African Congress, mentioned. above, has not THE latest ollicial news fIbm Cal. been slow to drive bome. Bolab;."~:.~.p.- cutta about the recrudescenoe of * * • Revolutionary Violence in Bengal THE Swarajists, who claim to be as mentions tbat there are at present detained in nit M.... P· true non· co-operators as tbe na- sMe cusIody two persons admittedly agents of changers and to differ from the Bolsheviks in Moscow. May we suggest in tbis latter only in their willingness to employ ano. connection that it would be a distinct adv'antage, tber instrument, namely, tbe legislative coun·, if the following quotation from a speeoh made by oils, for aohieving tbe same end-profess to be ut-j' terly indifferent to British opinion and to see no dif· Mr. Lloyd George in the House of Commons on ference between a COllservative and a Labour gov. May 15th of last ,year was borne in mind' ernment. This is a mere it.ffectat~,on, for situated I JANUARY 31,:1924.] THE SERVAN'£' OF INDIA.

-al India now iR, no one oan afford to disr~gard Ages a ohange of attitude toward. Iudis In Mr' British publio opinion or f ..n to distinguisb frlen~1 Ramsay MaoDonald. from foeo. If the Swa.sjislR were reallY indlf. • • ferent to tbe oourse of politio,1 .vents in England, ., A. serious situation tbreatens to an aoore!lited organ of tbeir views like. tbe Hindu Aaotb.r Bo"•• , • would not have taken the trouble to ask for and develop In Tanlore district unlesl obtsin a messsge for India from Mr. Ramlay tbe authorities meet it with great taol. Tbe mirad. dar. or landholder" an influential and fairly Mao Donald, after it W8S known that he would be Prime Minister iu a day or two. Nor would tbe numerous olao., sre organizing a "no tax" cam. Swarajists have been so loud In expressing their psign, in wbioh big and ~mall, Hindus and disappointment at the message. But sre tbey Mubammsdana, Brahman. and non·Brahmans really disappointed? Oid tbey expeClt the mes' have joined. The oampsign is a protest against sage if one was to be given, to be different in sub. tbe enbancement of land revenue, at 25 and 18314. from what. they have now got? Did they per oent. on fir.t and second 0las8 landa re8. iltan~e peotively, due to resettlement. Whetber. one expect him to say, .. Go on with. y~ur progra~m.e approves of aireot loOt ion in tbis osse or not-and of wreoking tbe councils and brlDglnJ( t~e s~mlDl. one's arproval depenlls very muoh on tb. oircuml- . Itration to a stand· still. Tbe Labour Party Will sup· port you" ? If tbey did 80. they deserved to be dYs, tanoes of eaob oase and Ihe oonsequenoes to be antioipated-it must be conceded that the miras1· sppointed. Mr. Ramssy MsoD"nald gsve them, 10' deed vary earnest and sound advice, when he said: dars have· a atrong osse. In December last tbeir • I. We h"... e leBo. in our own genera'tloD all aor,. of re... representative in tbe local legislature moved a volutionary movementa whioh seemed to be 8uo~ellrul aDd re80lution to tbe effect that tb. oolleotion of wbich hay. brokeD oontaoli with tbe past. bllt 10. the Bnd., enbanoed revenue be suspended for one year at a'ter muab physioal .uffering and oreMi~n of ••n tempers and ... ieiona spirit, bad to: return to pice up th. least from J ..nuary 1924., till tbe prinoiples of eODtao,. they had broken and apply the very prinoiple. land revenue settlementa are embodied In legisls. "bey bad rejec:ed." tion. Some time earlier a similar resolution had ointiug tbe patb of constitutionalism, he invited been ,passed ·by tbe oounoll with referenoe to . H Indians .. to oome near to us ratber than stand snother district, viz, Bellary. The Government apart from us, to get at our reBson and goodwill ;" however, opposed this resolution and it was --tbrough that path. the S.,arajiste will do well defeated by a narrow majority. The· DJirasidsra looon~ider, how besUo respond to tbis appeal. then wanted to wait in deputsUon· on the Go. • • • vernor; but tbe opportunity was denied tbem. MR A. RANGASWAMI AnANGAR, They tben held a oon·erence, at whioh they pro· tested against the attitude of Government and Attltad. e ...... ' M. L. A., editor of the SwaArthur Henderson, wbat to most people still seems a dead look, into th. J. H. Thomas and Thomas Shaw. GoinR oUlBide the most fruitful opportunity for delivering demooraoy i Cabinet, we get four university professors ( W. from the oreeping paralysis with whioh His stri-' Graham, R. Ricbards, O. R. AtHee and A. Green· okeD the world onr. In t •• New Leadef' (n01M7leB& JANUARY, 31, 1924. ] THE SERVANT OF lNDIA. 625 omen I) of January 4th Mr. MacDonald contributes to think, not be displaoed in a hurry. A. far .as an artiola "In Parliament Tomorrow", whioh we. one oan see, the' three party system bas oome to venture to think will beoome classio. In oontrast stay, and to stay for good. In this generation at tQ the quidnuncs who iu the press and outside ring least it seems doubtful...... though the three parties the changes on sums of addition and subtraotion, then .may not be the three partie< to-day-whether Mr. MacDonald asks to "let us take elementary the voters of Great Britain will ever again give to arithmetio for granted". Instead of running his anyone party the overwhelming majority whioh head against the briokwall of a three-party stale they remember only too well the Georges and Bald mate, he leaps over it by proposing to "rule in the wins to have misused and squandered. After the House of Commons more by administrative suo· shams and bluff~ of Mr. George, after the'oomatose cess thaD by a party force, whilst the legislation .. tranq'lillity" of Mr. Law and after the pathetio that will be otr~ied will have to be more in ao ineptitude ot Mr. Baldwin, it is indeed not saying cordanoe than it now too often is with publio de· muoh thOot Mr. Macdonald will prove by far the 'Bires outside and the ,\ourse of debates inside." In Iietter man. With such a man the British nation other words, Mr. MacDonald definitely renounces is not going to dispense aft.r a month or even all idea of Cabinet autooraoy and reliance on the after a few months. Mr. Macdonald suggests that, automatio working of the party maohlne. On the as eaoh parliament has already a maximum dura contrary, he ·oonsoiously aims (and says so in so tion ( of six years ), so also should it have a' mini many words) at the loosening of party bonds : and mum duration, say, of three years: and we on our the oomposition of:his Cabinet most oertainly is not part are sanguine enough to propheoy that mini only proof of his earneslness and of his oonsum. mum duration for Mr. MaoDonald's govern.ment mate skill in this direotioll, but also a pledge itself. And those of our readers who are not of our of continued sucoess. Being a great leader, way of thinking. we would merely ask to ponder being serenely oonfident of the rightness of his the following quotation taken from the New Stat'lf aims, he is quite oontent to govern by aIi appeal man of Ihe 5th inst. : II If Labour is speedily dis to tbe free judgment of the members of the legisla plaoed from offioe, the ohickens of industrial un ture, by an edu cational propaganda in the country, ' rest, hatched under its administration, will come by the inspiration of the great ideals themselves to roost on tbe perches ofthose who evict it. And for whioh, he and his friends stand." Candid, to the industrial unrest wlll be added the sense of thinking and free vOling ", as Mr. Brailsford puts politioal resentment to which the eviotion of it, wJll thus once more make Parliament "the great ~abour by a oombination of the other parties will and f,ee instrument of government" which it was, I inevitably give rise." before the maohine age j'eduoed it to its own No, contrary to all shallow jUdgment and standards of soulless automatism. As a natural superfioial appearanoes, the Government whloh consequence, Mr. Maodonald does not Intend to oame into power on the 14th of January will be turn every division into a vote of confidenoe. both strong and seoure. And If that is so, tho oause Whilst hplding generally to party prlnoiples and is above all things to &eek in the faot that the conceptions of polioy, members will be expeoted men who have now assumed oontrol are inspired to use their own judgment and vote acoordingly, by definite ideals and are not ashamed to own irrespeotive of party allegiance. As a conse them. The Labour Party, as Sydney Olivier tell quence, the Government will be ready to submit to ingly desoribes it in the Nineteenth Centurv of B1Ioh amend men ts to its own proposals, as express this month, is pervaded by religiou! fervour, pride the reasoned .ill of the House and of the oountr" of party and, above all, real comradeship. without feeling obliged to resigl) merely beoause It is for thili reason, that, poor and unlnfluen. an adverse vole on some seoondary matter has tial. the party has be.n, able to inorease its, been carried. The Governmen,t will resign, when representatives In Parliament from one forty the House of Commons in so ,many words calls years ago to 192 to·day; it is for this reason that upon them to resign, jllst as. )\,fr. Baldwin was it oan always oount on voluntary helpers of a de oalled upon to resign these few days ago: but it votion whioh no money oan buy. The ,Labour will not resign a, mOIlHlnt earlier. As a Curther Party is not a party of Idealists in the sense of f)Onsequelloe, the new Government will undoubted men who, abstracting from the W"orld as lit is. ly set up Parliamentary· Committees, .whloh- will : dwell in a Cloudouo~oo Land of theil' own. 'But lIa comllos~d. of men of all the three parties, to ad. still less are they a party of materialists, who oon vise and. even oontrol administration: a method sid~r that the world as it is, must remain., as it is. which will ensure that general polioies will be They are men who know only too 'Well tha~ower adopted and speoific steps taksn, not In oompliaaoe ' and, money to-day are masters, and men bu their with party shibboleths. but with reason. The pri slav~8 :' but, thay are also determined. that 'h in vat, melJlhe~ will com" i,nto his own again and version of the true order shall oease. MaD, h,Qman measures will ~noe more be sciru tinized on their personality first; Interesls of this or that "in merits, dustl'f" this or that ., ooun try" after; a long way A leader who prop,os8a to lead 80 wisely anll after. The present Goverllment is oomposed' of alol)g lu.oh at~ractive paths of redisoovered oom. allsolts of men: but ODe thing all of them have DlDJl _.8nse •. fai~es~ aud g.oodwiIl, "!ill. WG 'vel)tur~ .ip. . oommon,I.. that none of them are "moneyed,'· 626 THE SERVANT OF INDIA. [JANUARY 31, 19M•

. ~ Originally Con~ervatives,' Liberals or 'Labour, the origin of those arms, destined for Afghanistan, they are all agreed in making the human faotor whiob are still being 'detained at Bomba,. When paramount, whether in politics or in eoonomics. a politioal orime is being oommitted in Bengal the A soullesl bureaucracy 'and plutocracy thinks only headlinel the very next day shout of" Soviet in terms of Prestige or of Profits: Mr., Ma,cdonald arms "; when, some time ago, a cargo of sword ,and his friends will insist on thinking in terms of stioks was being retailed in Caloutta, the press human happiness. This is the great revolution, a was full of" German swords ": why then, one won revolutIon of thought, in the business of govern ders, this delicaoy about calling those arms lying ment, . whioh was ushered hI a week ago; in Bombay " French rifles" when tbe outburst a* ihis the greatest ,of all victories, whioh de the time of the Afghan Minister at Paris had mooraoy, the rule of the common people, • praatioally given away the show already? The has aohieved for many a long day. Neither idea maintenanoe of this fiation of tbe." Entente" is lists nor materialists, the new leaders of the Em 8uraly olle of the most curious of Curzonian gad pire have oome forward as true Realists, basing gets, when it is the most patent of facts that the' themselves on the power of the common people, bulk of all Frenoh exports to.day oonsists of war and ready to prove to them that their common material, direoted in the last instanoe agains* humanity oan be made the dominant faotor in, EnglaDd. But why say even, ia the ~ast instanoe. statesmanship. Having all the brains, they also when nobody has forgotten yet that it was Creusot ha"e now the power, for translating tben faith Into Sohneider that armed Kemal Pasha's armies agains* faot: a power whioh with inoreaaing oonfidence the British foroes then' operating aglloin.t them? all people of goodwill-and not in Britain alone All these "exports" of oourse are oostly: where will desire to see remaining in theh hands. then does the money oome from to pay for them? For if suoh is the new leadership, who would Assuredly not from bankrupt states like Poland not follow it ? &0. No, Franoe obliginglY,lends the amountra quired to these aountries, and in turn pays her ar mament firms by money borrowed on her part from THAT DEAR ALLY. her small rent/ers, who in turn are promised that THE signing of the treaty of alliance between ultimately "Germany will pay aU". Thus there . Fre.pce and Czecho-Slovakia marks yet one more are at the present moment due the following sums. stage on the road towards European domination, pralltioally all for war material (of oourse mann- so steadfastly pursued by France since 1918. A factured in France I) : . glauce at the map will show ·that encircling' Ger b;V Belgium 3772 million franol many in the east there lie Poland and Czecha-Slova_ Czeohoslovakia 542 kia: both of them now avowedly pledged to act as Poland 1328 France's vassals 'in all but name. Linked up Rumania 1254 with them are Yugoslavia and Rumania, who bet Yugoslavia ••. 1747 ween them dispose of the following standi!lg army:- 8643 Czeohoslovakia 150,000 , • Is then Franoe so rolling in money, that she Rumania lISO,OOO oan afford all this large811e 1 The follDwing figures Poland 250,000 Yugoslavia 250,000, teU thoir own tale, representing as they do the a total of nine lakhs of men under arms. In the annual deficits incurred: West, Franoe disposes 'of, a "peaoe" establishment in 1919· 421100 lili1lion lranos (in Deaember 1921) of 736 000, to whom the Bel 1920 38300 gian contingent of one lakh must be added. The 1921 30500 whole of thiS formidable total; moreover, is one or 1922 30800 ganic whole under unitary control: and not only 1923 35200 '110, but the armies themselves of the Frenoh client 177400 states are offiaered by Frenohmen to quite an inore~ible degree. By way of example let us quote The steady drop of the frano in the markets of Poland where on: Feb. 19, 1920 (aacordiDg to an ' the world is at last attracting attention, not only answer given in the Chamber of Deputies) the army in our news columns, but In Franoe itself. ~h • . oontained no lesl than 9 Frenoh generals, 723 other following table will show the lluotuatlon. durmg offioers and 2120 rank: and file: a number, whioh the last four years: in November 1921 was admittedly doubled I Again, Franc. to tbe £ Franc. '0 'be $ in Czeohoslovakia is situate the famous~. Skodra Works whioh. used to supply the whole Hapsburg 1920 from 40·33 to 57'45 from 10'75 to 17'40 Empire with a~ms : this factory, needless ~to say,' 1921 61·59 .. 11·31 .. 17·18 has now beoome a mere branoh of the oOlrespond-' I 16'06 It 71-81 11'71 fng Frenoh Creusot-Sohn.. ider works. In this 1921 .. 4.7.-• . connection, . it seems curious that a oonspiraoy' 85·93 13:55 .. 19·80 1923 'n i. : of ailenoe should have been maintained regarding •

JANUARY 31,1924.] THE SERVA.NT OF INDIA.. 627

These figures are unmistakable signs of the third of the whole number oonsisting of single vil ..,growing IO!;s of oonfidenoe in a country which year lages or portions of villages-and would not under ;in, year out, fail~ to meet its debts and pllts off its any sensible arangement have been dignified with -creditors by the proaucts of the printing press. The the status of a 'state'. As it is manifestly ab,urd -only surprise is, not, that the franc has depreciated to expeot the owners of all these little patchos of eo muoh, but that it has not depreoiated more. Boil to disoharge the fUllotion~ of a government, the :·Sinoe the £ itself of 00ur5e has depreciated (against more important of them, 82 in number, have been a pre-war parity ~f $ "'86 to the £, to·day'. quota· graded, since 1863, in seven classes and given po -tion is $ 4'22), the true index must be soullht in the wers of administration in a dimishiog degree, only dollar DJ.change. Clearly, the hopes of Franoe, to the first two olasses having plenary powers, "squeeze enollgh money out of Germany to meet the remaining 111 being combined in thaT14 oiroles her defioits, haVe" hitherto broken the drop: bllt and deprived of all powers of administration. These now that the whole pitiflll failure of the Rllhr ad· thana circles and four Civil Stations, comprising -venture stsnds revealed, that retarding factor bas in all an area of more than 5,000 sq. miles. are un been removed, with the result that to·day the $ is der the dlreot jurisdiction of the Agency. It is for worth already_ 22'50 francs. As a French wag this area, which haa ao long been under British bitterly comm.nted on M. Poincare's promise that administration and whioh in flltllre also is bound the ocoupation of the Rllhr would henceforth be to be under British administration, that the Hit ... ·come "invisible": "Like the Reparations. one wardhak Sabha most legitimately claims oonsti. . SUpposes I .. tlltional reforms. It rightly urges: The Frer.oh people. thrifty and inclined to .. In view of the faot that tlle adminiatratioD of all thia territory has &0 be disoharged by tile Britilb. Government meanness, as peasantry the world over is, have and tbat ebe people formine lCia population have their hifherto been only too ready to· point their blind welfare entirely in tbe hand. of .be B'ilish GovemmeDc "eye to tbe unspeakable infamies perpetrated by as much as Iha. Qf Ih. people in Briti.h India. Your :Franoe in the oooupied German territories ( infam· Ezoellenc, has to consider dh8th~r the present ou,,"of.date ies whloh just now are onoe more glaringly ex methods of Government are to be oontinued or that the,. . emplified in the Separatist terror fostered and are to be replaced by a system of Government. 1es • autocratic, more oonstitutional and Busceptible to popular kept alive by General de Metz's orders in the opinion ... Palatinate): in the fond belief that anyhow these The Kathiawar Agency is Dot a baokward area ·"measures" would ultimately produoe· the hard like the Agenoy traots of Madras or Obota Nag. cash. Now tbe bubble is bursting; the franc is in· pur. In eduoation and general enlightenment .exorably falling, the cost of living in Franoe as the people are as advanced as thoss- in. British inexorably rising; a tardy 201. increase in taxation India The Sabha tberefore urges that a oonstitu has in addition bad at last to be resorted to-and. tion and system of administration sirollar to tha~ worst of all for M. Poinoare et (lie., the general elec, prevailing in British Indian provinoes should be -iions of April are drawing ominously near. So established in Kathiawar also; that is to say, it ·once more, the mills of God, oertainly grinding asks for a legislative oouneil with a majority of .very, very slowly, may yet turn out to be grinding elected non.offioial members, enjoying the powera -exoeedingly fine: at all events, the time S8ems to . of interpellation, moving resolutions and voting on ··be propitious for some plain speaking on the part the budget, a judioiary whloh ii entirely indepen .of the new.British Foreign Secretary, and for a dent of the exeolltive, an 8J:eoutive which is oon ~onsequent international re·orientation. And if trolled by law",nd deprived of arbitrary anll -1mybod, can effect this still, Mr. MacDonald cer. autooratio powers, and munioipalities and local tainly should be abl_and willing-to do it. Good boards with non-official mojorities and eleoted .juck to him. . presidents. The legislative authority at present is the ,Governor of Bombay and law. are promulgat. A CLAIM FOR CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM ed as direoted by him. .. No preliminary stags has been ooosidered neoessary, whioh may serva ·THE Kathiawar Hitawardhak Sabha·haa addressed as a guarantee that the law enacted has been ma _6 representation to the Gove"rnor. General urging turely deliberated upon, still les8 hal, there any ·the claims of certain portions of Kathiawar whioh opportunity been given to the publio or any . re .re under British administration to constitutional presentatives of the publio for disoussion or for the ' reforms. It is a well reasoned document which we hope will reoeive the sarnest attention of His Ex. 8J:pression of any opinion for suggesting any al. ,celienoy. The peninSUla of Kathiawar has an area ternative to the proposal." It is oertainly an ana ohronism that all legislative power should be vee ·of 23,445 aquare miles of which 1,265 sq. m. belong ted in an individual, however exalted he may be. W Baroda and 1,298 sq. m. are incorporated in The entire civil and oriminal jllrisdiotion is vested • Ahmedab\d distriot, leaving 20,882 sq. m. to form ,the Political Agenoy of Kathiawar. No fewer than in exeoutive offioers who I)ave had no previous ju 193 separate states aI:e found in this area, but only dicial training either on the benoh or at the bar, and the higher offioers are most often military offi '. about a dozen of them are of any importance on oers. It is 8urely too late to let the system oonti..; I. account of area, population or revenue. The vast nue. The unbounded powers of the exeoutive a_ nnajority cf them are ridiculously amall-about a thus se t forth by the Sabha : i • tHE SERVANT OF lNDIA. [ J Ah"UARY 31, 1924

:' The omeara entrusted with exeou.tive powera may getting a man of the ability and ~xperienoe of Sir seize hold of any person and confine him to a prison with M. Visvesvaraya to preside. Allout twellty papers out a written warrant to tbe jailor. withoul,informing the imprisoned person of tbe aeDulation against him and with.. · oqvering a wide variety of subjeots,-a few mak- out; any opportunity for defence. They may have any person · ing valuable contributions ~o the study of the pro living within 'he agency are •• foroibly '8x*emed beyond f blems tbey dealt with-were disoussed. Nor waa tbole lim,its and prevented from entering them agaio, the social sid a forgotten : the members were given without giving aD7 warning or taking any steps whioh abundant opportunities to get to know one another, mav justify their aotioD in the eyes of impartial.observers. and to have informal tal k~ and discussions. A There 18 no Indopendent judiciary that may be appealed to 81 guardianl of liberty and the lafeguards of the reign few spols on the su n there ware: the p rin ted' of law; DO representative 8lsembi,. where minister. of papers should have been in the hands of members Itate or other exeoutive officers fDay be questioned OD at least a week before the meeting of the Conference ,_. matters of publo interess or methods of administration so thai they oould have been "tann as read" with or partioular instances of the exeroise of exeoutive greater justice, and the discussion would have been authority. n , more thorough and thoughtful. In the seoond place,.. As to 10c .. 1 self-government there is no traae of some of us f It that the atmosphere of the meet it yet in the Agenoy, the only two municipalities ings in Bombay was not as calm and judioiaills that exist being managed by offioials assisted by the occasion demanded, and as on;fo und, for ex Bome nominated members only. ample, the session in Lahore. Perhaps in future· . There is now an exoellent opportunity for in. all demonstrations on tha part of the publio shollid augurating these reforms, in as muoh as the Kathi' be forbidden. as it is forbidden at any inquiries -:,war, Cutch and Palanpur . Agenoies, which have of a Royal Commission; for truly the problems till now been under the Governor of Bombay, are .. of economics need to be discussed in as impartial shortly to he brought under the jurisdiction of the and dispassionate a spirit as those hefore any Governot General himself.. Conditions in Palan Royal Commission. pur Agenoy are more or less similar to those in The Eoonomio Conference, it is well-known, Kathiawar, and though for obvious reasons the does not pass any resolutions; and Sir M. Visves Hitawardhak Sabha has oonfined itself to urging varaya suggested in his ooncluding :remarks that the olai:ns of Kathiawar, there is no reason' why the it should do so. The wisdom of such a step, how two agenoies should not be amalgamated and pIa ever, is open to question. In economics, much oed under one legislative and ·adininistrative au more than in politios,opinions have to be weighetl thority. Though these areas have heen admini as well as, or perhaps more than, counted; and,. stered by the British as much as British]ndian pro moreover, the Economio Conference :will have vinoBs, by Ii. legal fiction whioh ought not to have enough to do in stimulating and educating eoono oome into existenoe, they are treated as foreign mio opinion in the oountry. territory, given .the name of Agenoies and oonsig. The Presidential address was a vigorous plea for Ded t9 unprogressive and autooratio rule. In es tha economio regeneration of India to be' brought. lential respects they 81'e not uulike Berar which . ' about by means of a new e oonomic structure. enJoys an advanoed form of Government. In fact, Eleoted Boards of Industries are to be if Berar could well form part of the C. P. admini. estahlished in every provinoe to work under· stration, there is no reason why the thanalf of the control of a' Minister of Development, Kathiawar and Palanpur Agencies should not form who is to be adviled hy a Development Committee part of Bombay Presidency. That would undoubt of the local Legislative Counoil. There are to be· edly be the best oourse' from every point of view popular Development Committees' in every di.trict, and neither the people nf the Agencies nor those of city and village. The Central Board is to have Gujarat are likely to be opposed ta it. But if for its subordinate and expert s·taff in the distriots to . 1I0me reason or other that course be not practicable, assist and to work in collaboration :with the 10caI then the amalga~ation of the Agenoies under .one oommittees. The cbusiness of these local com autbority,.and endowing them with the form of mittees is to promot". agrioultun and industries, government urged. by the Hitawardhak Sabha, to look to the 'spread of sducation,including voca should commend itself to the Government of tional education, and "to maintain thet.tatiatioa . India · .. s a ·minimum, the reasonableness of their localities. . There is to be an initial eco, . and logia of whioh surely ara unanswerable; nomic survey of the province, and on the basis of this, progress is· to be watohed bY.7early!andiperi. THE INDIAN ECONOMIC CONF~RENCE. odical stock·taking. Suoh is to be the;new eoonn I. mio struoture ; but over and ahove this there ar& THE Seventh Indian Economio Confarenoe held i,n · speeial ways in whioh theSiat" oan help. The • Bombay l,ast wae~, .was a distinot success. A la~ga manufacture of railway materials can be helped Dumbar of economists from different parts of India by the Government placing . orders for these we~apre8ent: . though Calou.tta ~as, I believe" materials within the oountry·; that of lo~omotives. unrepresented, and, one missedsoine prominent machinery aud motor oa<6 by. suitable Bubsidiu economists like Professors Kale, Coyajee, Jevons; and freight conoessions, and guaranteed dividends; Ldhakamal: Mukhllrjee and 111.,,: Manohar Lal. The lhe Bteel industry by adequate protection. Further. &cretariea of tha Conferenoe ~ere fortunate iii the present system of ourrenoy must be replaoed " , JANl!ARY S1, 1924.] THE SERVANT OF INDIA.. 629

1>1' a gold standard; and technioal and commer· years when they were defeated on any important ~ial eduo1tion mllst be pushed. forward. Ffnanoe. measure and that after the G;eneral Eleotion they is a diffioulty; but Sir Visvesvaraya would suggest resigned as a result of the press oommunlque, a: loan. .. We spent R •. 150' ~roras or more on:the g08S to illustrate another o,onvention being estab _.great war. We might as well add to that debt a -lished (notwithstanding any seotion in the Go little more to fight ignoranoe and poverty." "If vernment of India Aot or any instruotions laid -these measures are adopted, . there is every pro. down in the Joint Committee Report) viz, that pect that we may be able to double production ministers depend in reality, besides formally, on -from agriouLture, and quadruple that from indus- the Gllvernor for" getting into" and ,. getting on -tries, in less than fifteen years," and" the material with" their offioe. It oomea to this that the progress of the oountry will proceed at a paoe ministers hold their office during the pleasure of whioh-will astdbish tbe world." the Governor, while the En,outive Counoillors The enthusiasm of. the Presidential address is sometimes are even in a worse plight in as muoh -oatohing, bht a critio may perhaps say that it as they have to serve two masters, the Governor makes too light of the financial difficulty-it and the ministers, as can be illustrated by tbe oase may not be only' a little more' tbat will be neces of tbe late Sir K. S_ AiYll.ngar anent th.. introduot -sary to fi nanoe the big projects, 8ug!1;ested-and ion of the Irrigation Bill, who resi;lned as he did that it places too much reliance on mere eoonomio no' care to continue in office on sufferance., "'struoture.' It is onrious to read side by side with In this oonneotioD tiI.e position of the' English ihis Dr. Mann's lament at the reoent Board of Prime Minister may be considered. In the words ..Agrioulture meeting at Banglore that "with Indian of Alston: "The English Prime Minister serves two cultivators there is too often a hiatus between de masters. If the House to whioh he owes his monstration and practice." One feels that elevation turns against him, he flan destroy it and -here as in many other things the truth lies some appeal for support to the nation (or even possibly _here in the middle. hold offioe for a time, relying on the support of R. P. PATWARDHAN. the sovereign till smoother times oome' round though this is soaroely conoeivable, unless the CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS oountry passes again through some great crisis A TRAVESTY. slloh as that at the end of the 18th oentury); while on the other hand, he may oontinue to act as if THE formation of the new ministry in quite indifferent to the general feeling of the ::Madras raises matters of constitutional impor nation, provided only the Majority is for him". tance, having no parallel with the present oondi It will be thus .een that the two oonstitutional --tions in any self.governing country and having no maste~s .hom the 'English Prime Minister has to support in the past in any country where respon serve, may even be defied by the Indian ministe~s. -sible government has become' a fait accompli. ' , A case in point ie supplied by the debate on The Governor in a communique announoed the .. nooonfidence " motion by Mr. C. R. Reddy. that it be established a9 a convention that the In defenoe of the ministry, the Hon. Mr. ( now ministers resign before the formation of the new Sir) A. P. Patro is reported to have said that the -Clouncil. There is more than meets the eye here. ministers are individually responsible. It ¥ not

Lord Chesterfield writes, (vide. Government . of mernbers of the Justice puty might have deRned England by Hearn. pp. 212-l3) .. I do not their attitude towards a question of tbaokind and ·remernber in my times to have seen so much at might have oanvassed with an election cry once a8 Dnentire new Board of Treasury and deRnlng their views in 'relation to·a question of· two ne'" Seoretarie8 of State oum muItis the kind. In praotioe the .. Gllvernor's dictating a ali is." Again Lord Morley in his life of Walpole' conventioll and diotating the choice of ministers observes: .. As a general. rule. every important ( whereas in. England the ohoioe of ministers pieoe of departmental polloy is taken to oommit is limited ) serve only to strengthen the belierthat the entire oabinet. and its members stand or ran the ministers. in practioe. are responsible to the together. Tbe Chanoellor of the Exchequer may Governor; but then. what is the d'ividing line be driven from offioe by a had dlspatoh from the between the reserved half and the Iran.ferred Foreign office •.and an excellent Home Secretary half? may suffer for the blunders of a stupid Minister On the otber hand. if the ministers• are really of War. The cabinet is a unit-a unit as regards responsible to the legislature. why should tb.e nomi nated element in the oouncil be a\lowed to vote the sovereign and a unit as regards the legis on an important measure like the" no oonfidenoe .... lature. Its views are laid before the sovereign motion moved by Mr. C. R. Reddy in the 1000,1 and before Parliament, as if they were the views counoil on the 27th November. wb.en properly of one man. It gives its advice as a single who.Je. speaking the q~e8tion must have been deoid both in the royal cloRet and in the hareditary or ed bY' the eleoted element purely? Tbis is per baps another oonvention. by which tbe reseved helf; representative ohamber. The first mark of the aocording to the leader of the House, Sir Charle. cabinet. as that institution is undersbod, is Todhunter. endeavours to develop what is admU "united and indivillible (not individual) responsi tedly a transitional and imperfect form of govern bility." This famous passage from the pen of the ment? Why should tbe Cbief Minister have had reoourse to an exoeptionable prooedure 8uoh a. Late Visoount Morley. is supported by the more Bending a whip orde'ring members to vote agains; authoritative utterance of his ohief. Mr. Gladstone. the " no oonfidence" motion?' Another conven He said, "As the Queen deals with the cabinet. tio n perhaps is the voting of the minieters also ,just so the cabinet deals witll the Queeu. The against 'he" no confidence" motion. This may soverein is t:> know no more of any differing pari pas8U be appl~ed to elections of pre;idents in local boards and munioipalities. When there are views of differing ministers. tllan they are to two or more candidates wbo o·ontest the presiden$ know of any oollateral representation of the ship. why not allow them to vote for tnemselves? mODarchical office; they are an unity before tb.e On its very face, this is ridiculous. Similarly sovereign and the sovereign is an unity before when ministers are indicted. they can not be al them; while eaoh minister h an adviser of the lowed to vote. The neutral aUitude of !:Iir. K. V •. Ready eJ:·minister. was legitimate, constitutional Crown, tbe cabinet is an nnity and none of its .. nd tberefore commendable. , members oan advise as an individual without. or The ine"itable inferenoe is that the Eoglish in opposition, aotual or presumed. to his c:Jllea connntions. whiob have been very largely tbe' gues." It would be absurd to speak of oolle.ctive result of aooident and absence of design are destor$ responsibility in this sense as applied to the ed and introduced into India and that, it Is Madras ministers. feared the ultimate result will be that so oalled Re9po~sible Government! even. on a li~ited The ned, question that arises is "ro whom scale as it has been ginn. wlll be neither are the ministers responsible?" This ground has responsible. nor ordered Government 'and the so- been partly traversed. In theory they are respon called reforms a farce. . sible to the oouncil and through it to·the electorate. This fear i. oonfirmed when we contrast the In practice they are re8p~n.ibhi -to the Governl'r. powers of an Indian minister, with tb.os!, of an.. English minister. We 00,0 allow tbe mlDlster to. The first would imply tbe' resignatio:l of the speak for himself.· .! Vide t~e Rt: Hon'ble Mr. V. ministry, if it gets defeated On any important S. Srinivasa ,Sastrl s PreSidential Address Dec. governmental measure. Some members of tbe 1922) "I am Minisler of Development minU8 Forests Madras counoil are of opinion that for the minis and you all know· tbat development.depends a good ters; sins of omission and commission, the party d",,1 on forests. I am Minister cf Industries with out Factories wbich is. a reserved subject is responsible. That is altogether the negation of and induBtries without faotories are un ministerial responsibility, a· Bine qua non of re imaginable. I am Minister of Agriculture minus sponsible government worth the name.. When flU Irrigation ...... ; •• I am also Ministu of Ind .. stries portant governmental measures are defeated without Electricity. whioh is also a reserved subj,ct." Referring to the English Premier. Mr. the ministry does not resign. The question Low says: "Baoked by a stable and substantial of responsibility to the eleotorate too has been. mlljority in Parliament. his power is greater than brushed aside by the ministers. 'rhe Religious that of the German. Emperor or tbe American Endowments BiIl~haB been oarrilld through in the President for he can alter tbe laws. he onn impose tuation ~nd repeal it and he oan direot all the teeth of the opposition of the eleotorate. and in forces of the state. The one oondition is that he view.of the large measure of" protest and the must keep his majority, tbe outward. an~ con volume of public opinion against it. assent I has orete expression of the faot . tbat the n~tl~n 18 ~ol; been withheld and the Bill has been referred back willing to revoke tbe plenary commiSSion WIth, to the new oouncil for reconsideration. Tbe which it has olothed him·~. . GTbe italics are mine. I· A. S. VENKATARUU.N. THE. SERVAKT OF INDIA. 61.1 ., MISCELLANEOUS, Wa a.t lh. LEAGUE OF NATIONS to appoint dl .... .,. , dlplomatio ..p ....naa.I.... In lh. MaDdaled le.. laorl •• wltb dutiee to Invelltl.a,e and report condition•• . THE THIRD PAN-AFRIC~N CONGRESS W. alk the appointment of repre.entatl~e. of tho The following relolutioal Were palled I NEGRO raoa Cll &h.lIandalo. Commlllion aDd ID lh. IDto,.. 'rh. .zeouli... CommIU.. of ,h. Third PaD·Afrl~aD mational Labor Bureaa. 'CoDl"'" Ileatiul in London and Lilbon io,l{oyember,19'3. , ID fiD" w... t In all tho ..orld lha' bl.ak folk be ....ted retrude Ibe folJowlr g matter•• 1 thOle whiah laem to thalD to aa men. We oan see DO otber road to Pea~e and Pro...... embod, the 1.gitimate and immediate need. of the paoplel Whal more paradoxl~al figuro lo-day fronto th.' ..orld ahall .-of Afrioau deeoena. ah. omoial hOld of a greaa Soolh Alrla.. 9ta... triYiDI bUDd 1. A 't'OiD. In thair own goy.roment_ Iy to build Peaa. and Good Will In Eu.op. by ",aDdiDI c. t. The rigbt of acee.1 to 'be laud aDd ils ft80Uro ••• ah. n ••ta aDd hearl. of m.llloDl of hlaok Aftlasnl V 3. Trial bJ' . J uriea of their peers under establi.bed form. 1'0. 'h. Thircl Pan·... frlcall Con ...... ,.flaw. "J •• ( I4r•• ) Ida Blhbo HUDt, 4. Free el.meat• ..,. education for all; broad .r8IDIIII.10 Rayford Logall, 'II at odun indo&t:rial1iechnique; and higher tninlDI" of aele- w. E. R. Dta Boi•. ... oe.d 1;.18DL OommlUee. " l;. Th. d ....lopm.al of Afrioa fa. the h.D.fia of AfricaD. " and Dol merelJ for the profit; of Europeanl...... COBBESPONDENCE. .' •• Th. abolilioll of aho .Ia... trade aDd of lh. Iiqao. lraffla. THE AKALI MOVE MENT : WHAT IS ITS f. World di.armamant and 'he .boUtioD of war; but faU OBJECTIVE? iDg tbia and as 10llg as,..bitefolk aar armll:agaill8' blaok THE EDITOR, SBRV AlIT OJ'INDIA, POOII .... folk tbe right of black. to beal' arm. in tbeir own Sm,-N 0& lon8 ago lome of our Congral. leaders were aDxioua defeaoee to make i' clear that,; t;be a bjeotive of the Akali movement I. 1. Tbe organization of oommeroe and industry 10 a. to lh. Punjah wa. DO' lo eotahli.b 0 Sikh Raj bal to h.lp i.n &hI mate the main object. of oapit.land labour tbe welfare eatabllshment of Swarajya. Altbough thi. .,~ew of tbe 0 ••, of the man7. ratbf'r tban tbe enriching of lhe few. '1Vaa totally in variance witb the opinions openly expresled in Tb0l81eem to DB the eight pllorsl and Irreduoible need, th. pllblic vuer.n••• oft ho Akali I;ader. during the put two ·of our p.opl.. .. ,esrsl not a few CODgn.smen were di.po.ed to aooep~ the ez- Speoial.,. and In particular W8 ask for; ~tbe oivilized planation in tbe fervent; bope tbat the Akali leaden would .... Briiiilb lubjec'8 in WEST AFBlCA and in the WBST IMDIES the the error of their ways and endeavour to tvn a new leaf. It iDltitutioD. of home rule and r ••p~DBible government. withou' ,. clear al tbe noonday Iun that 110 one iu India ia in favou diloriminaUon .. to race ud color•. of &h ...... labU.hmena of Sikh Raj in aDy part of Illdia. III We ask for Rob areal'.. NOB'IBBR.H NIGERIA., tllP l'unjab "hich may he kald lo b. tho hom. Iud of Sikh. UOAllDA. Jl.Dd BASVTOWD, • development; of native law, lhe ...ry Dolion of ah. r.·ooiabUBhm.Di of 'ho Sih Raj fa iDduatl'J' and eduoation with tbe specifia objeot, of 'raining luffioient to alarm the BiDdu' and ~ubamlDadan. who ooa &hem. in home rMe and economio indepeDdence, .-:d for even .'itute tbe majora, of tte population of tbe provinoe. mal panicipatiou in tbe general GoverumeDII of tbe lan'" I .have ventured '0 write this letter after reading the We ask for FRENCH AFRICA the exten.lon of the oitizen" spooob modo by Sarda. MaDgal Singb at lh. Akali Di.. a • • hip rips. of votlDI and of representation in Parliament h.ld al Cooaaada on ah. 30lh D... mho., 23. Th. follOwing from 'eDegal and '&h" Wes, IDdiel to ot~8r pana of the eX'liraot from tbe .peech in que... lon epeake for beelf:- Golool .. a8 rapidl,. a8 the prNent compr'hew.... plana of ''The GOYernmeD' for tbe fifth time bave again OOme oat eduoa&ion cao be realized. witb their lal' weapon '&0 laorifioe UI finally, and in their W. d.maDd· for KENYA. RHODESIA aDd tho UNtOII' 0' fr.D" and faDaliaism ah" ha... declared ua unlawfal aDd ilouTR Al'IIIOA .ho ..olora'i ... of righlo ao lh. laDd to lh. heretio ••a (! thougb) we were condemned oriminal. and .lla'iYes.. reoognition of tbeir right; co a voice in their own damned f.lol1& Whal I lOU yoa, lh.r.for•• i. lhat lhi. polloy GoYerument and the aboUtioD of tbe pre,etlsioD of a wbl'e of r.p.... ioa will not .u..... with. ah. Sikhl. n hu fall.d minorit-, to dominate a black majori'&7. and even '0 prevent in the past and it is bound to fail tbl. time and we 'are dete,... 'heir Ip~l &0 'he civilized world. mined to aee ,bat it fal.L Government do not. leem to In tbe BELG1Al1 CANGO we fail ),et to I"e an1 deoisive ha... oaudi.d the Sikh hl.\o!'J' lo ita adYaDaag.. Th.,. ~ohlDge from .. regime of profit makinS' and exploitatioD to do not k ~ow thai thi. i8 not onl, the ''first .time 'liha'& we have ltD at:t.empt to build modsrn civilization amc.ng human beiDSI b•• n ds.lared alliawfaL Wo w... doolar.d anl_ful .a ahe for tbeir 0.-0 good and tbe good of tbe world. -We demand a very birth. Rememb&l' we laid open our gatel to the late .,.tem of slate edooatioD, 'he recogni'&ioD of nati't'e law, a Government and we now pUlh aD with our mO'l'ement to . voice in Government ,Ind 'be curbing of oommeroial explol· i!ltabliah a Raj of our own in tbe Punjab.•• . tatlon tn tbat gre at land. Now DO one' can la, tbat Bardar Manga! 8loSh i. an AEYSSINIA.. HAITI For 'be independen'& lIations of aDd irr'eBPon.ible penoD. On the otber han~ It i. well known LIBERIA. we ask: Dot mere17) politioal integthy but; ',heir that he il one 'of the reoognised Akali le.der. in the emanCipation frOID tb.e grip of economiC:: mODupol, and uaury provino.. The Dlwall. whoro be m~d. the Ip.ech reterr•. d at 'be hands of tbe money .. masterl of the world. ' to above wa.s held in connectloD wltb th. CODg"ells, and It For 'he Negroe. of the UNITED STATES 0, A)lEKICA. we alk: l. also well·knowD tbat Sardar Mangal Singh wal puc in t.he supprellioD of lynching and mob-law, the end of oal.. e oharge of 'be Akali gatbering. held in Cooonad. during the and the reoogoitioD of full cit;zen,bip despite race aDd oolor. Christmas week, by Jobs Shiromanl Gurdwara Prabandbak We demaDd the reltoration of tbe EGYPTIAlI' _ SVD.AJT CommiUae. What he lay. canDot, therefore, be ligbtly di& to an independent Egypt. mi.sed as tbe raving. of an irrelpon.i~la agitat;or. It fa W. d.mand for PORTuaUEsE -VRIOA r.l.ao. from lh.opiDion of good maDY Nation.IiBt. tliat th.r. should ha-' the slav ... tradillg industrial monopolies finanoed in England .••Ita. uDd.r.tandiDg with the Atalla a. to tho obj.ollve of .aad Franc. whioh lo·day Dull.fy th.lib.ral Po.tugue•• Cod. tbe ~kali movement hefore the Coogresl renders any fUrihe ... i.n M.... mhiqu •• . a ••iotanco to tho AbU.. My porloDal opinion ~. whiob I We urge in BRAZIL AND CElI'l'RAL AMERIOA Ihaa know I> shar.d by good man1 Nationali.t. i. thaa the Atalia peoplel of African delcent be no longer latisfied with a .olution. aim at; nothing but the eltablishment of Sikh auptemaoy in -of the Negro .problem whioh Involve. their absorption into the PUDjab. And tbil il an objeotive whiob e\ ery patriot;io anotber raoe without aUowing Negro•• 811uoh full reoogni HJndu or Muhammadan i. bound. to oppoae and oondemn. 'tion of lheir manbood and righl to b .. "-ahor•• to-l~U RAil L.u. 632 THE SERVANT OF INDIA. [JANUARY 31,192'- Thoughtful Books. THE LUCKNOW , UNIVERSITY JOURNU.. A high olal. UDlversity JourDal for the promollooll oC original reearob•. Rs. a. Four Isluea ",iIi be published durin!{ each academio year, L The Buddha ,Hnd His Doctrine. By "" •• in Septembet, Deoember, February, lind May. • B4ltor-W. Burria~e, M. A.M.a., B.Ch~ L.M.S., S.A., and G. T: Strauss. A popu'iar and lucid ac· N. L Slddhsnta. lrl.. A.t-eupponed hy a .uong Conlultiati'l'tIl oount .r Gautama's life, teaohing and Board reprelsntatlve of all tbe Department. in tJleUniV8nit,..... philosopny ~ .. ' 2 14 Special Features.. The Journal 'Will contain origiDal oontributtonf from I. The Mysticism of Sound.. By Inayat m.ember. of the LuckDOW Univer8ity and will alao ·publiab Khan. 3 4- Vernaoular oontributioDs in Hindi or Urdu of a suita.ble -obaraoter.. It will oOD,ain portraita and illu.trationa' fl"Olll=o 3. The Gospel of the Holy Twelve. An time-to time. It will also publish Reviews "\od No\ioea of aU importaDt Books and Roporr.s ooming out: in the eduoational original and oomplete Gospel. New Edi- world. Anotber imponan1i feature of the Journal wUl be the, tion, with introduction and nGte.s by E. publication of the latest news about University affairs anj' other interesting' informatioDs about eduoatlional mattiers. ., Francis Udny, M. A. ... 2 7 Hnnual Subscription. . . ~ 4- ST. Franeis of Hssisi. By G. K. Che. Town. Mofulan. For.rs.... sterton. .., 2 1 For Students 01 tbe University, Rs. 1 0 : 1 8 } . lOa, 5. Beauty in Religion. By A. Mau4e For all ot,bers ••• Rs. ~ 0 4 8 . Roydell. 2 14 Mattera for publioation should be sent to the EDITOR.. All busine.. aommunioations relating to sublcription. anel The Theosophioal Publishing House. advertisements _ b ould de lent to lhe Business Manage-r. The Journal ia an excellent medium for adveni.ement.. Adyar. . 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We undertake oondiiional trea'ment on .atidaotory term... It reStorel alllO Member, Tariff Board. loIS vitality and removel general debility of e.iiber. 18'1. A lIample for uial at. Rs. 3 will p;i" oomplete "atu~faetloD and, This. the Fifth EditioD, is thorougbly revised and brought remove biB8 agaiJls' $dverli.isement~ ill general. . , ,fap .. to-date. In preparing.-this EditioD, .he Author haa re Apply with 2 al. pOltage for 1irrthilr partioulars to:- arranged and expanded biB BXPOllitioD of 'he .constitutional . G. B. Jl80IlANA.LYALLPIIIl· and admiuistrative changee, Inaugurated by the Reforms Aot of 1919. The developme"ts in· tbe Indian Government, have hee.n dealt with ohr.ollologioali, 'and log;o.lIyand an effort ha. been made to brillg o,ut; prominently, tbe p80uliarities of 'he eUT MB eUT now organisation and to give an insight into the working of and mail me, wltb your Dame and address,. to ,he: Cfn~raJ,' Provinoial and Looal Administration. As the 0004 Luck Co., BemIres City. eoonomic, locial and 'Political bearings of various administra, I ... ill bring you, per V. P. P., ODe tOSSI SILK SIII1'· tive problem., have been instructively dealt witb in the book length fol' Rs. 12 only. These piEces are economical, bard- Ua.iver&ity students will find the present edition a very wear an" handsome ever mad6. , helpful guide in bl. studle•• To th,general reader.the pre.en, Test them aDY way you please-Why not give it a trial.. edition will be very uleful, &8 it gives full iDformation regardt Name ...... _ ...... - •• u ...... : ...... ~ •• ~ Inw'ihe Government, he has to infiueDie. Addt'es ...... r ea ...... · ...... c. Vrice Rs. FE)OR. (Vostage Bxtra. ) = ·'Jopies oan be had of r HINDU LllW. . (i) THE MANAGER, A.RYABHUSHAN PRESS, ~(3rd .Edition ) . POOIU CITY. BY (ii) ALL PRINCIPAL BOOK SELLERS J.lR, GHARPURE, Esq., B. A., IL. B., (HO~s.)-

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