Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace P ILLARS OF P EACE Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace Challenges to Security and Rule of Law, Democratisation Process and Devolution of Power to Local Authorities Garowe, November 2010 i Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme ii Acknowledgements This research document was made possible by the joint effort and partnership of the Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) and the International Peacebuilding Alliance (Interpeace). PDRC would like to thank the Puntland stakeholders who actively participated and substantially contributed to the discussions, interviews, community consultations and analysis of the research output. Special thanks also go to the peer reviewers who, looking at the document from the outside, constructively and attentively reviewed the content and form of this document. This Puntland Note is the result of a collective and complementary work of the entire PDRC staff – members of the management team, researchers and assistant researchers, audiovisual researchers – they all played a significant role in data collection, analysis and product output. The Interpeace’s Somali programme team supported the research process through methodological and practical support. The generous funding of the EU, USAID, DFID of UK, SIDA, the Swiss Confederation, Denmark, and Norway made the entire research enterprise possible. On behalf of PDRC’s Advisory Board and the Puntland Stakeholders, I would like to extend my thanks to all, institutions and individuals, who professionally, financially and/ or by sharing their unique experience contributed to this research document. Abdurahman A. Osman –Shuke Executive Director Research Coordinator: Ali Farah Ali Researchers: Hassan Adan Mohamed, Jama Mohamed Jabiri, Dahir Mohamed Ismail, Said Mohamed Hirsi Assistant Researchers: Amina Mohamed Abdulkadir, Fahiya Said and Hamdi Abdi Elmi, Maryam Abdillahi Hassan, Abdul Kadir Yasin Jama Photography: Muctar Mohamed Hersi, Abdulrizak Ali Musa Senior Research Advisor: Abdirahman Osman Raghe, Pat Johnson, Johan Svensson (Inter peace) Editor: Anne Moltes (Interpeace) Principal Editor: Abdurahman Abdulle Osman (Shuke) Design and Layout: The Regal Press (K) Ltd. iii Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace Garowe, Puntland Phone: (+252 5) 84 4480 Thuraya: +88 216 4333 8170 Galkayo Phone: (+252 5) 85 4200 Thuraya: +88 216 43341184 Email: [email protected] website: www.pdrcsomalia.org “This report was produced by Puntland Development Research Center and Interpeace and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contributing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services. The contributing donors do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor do they accept responsibility for any use made thereof.” Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Table of Contents v List of Acronyms vii Preface for the Pillars of Peace Programme ix Preface for the Puntland Note – Mapping the Foundations of Peace xiii 1. Introduction 1 2. Challenges to Puntland’s Security and Rule of Law 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Background 9 2.3 Weak peace and security 12 2.4 Inadequate rule of law 17 2.5 Puntland’s institutional challenges 20 2.6 Widespread poverty and unemployment 24 2.7 Piracy and its consequences in terms of security 25 2.8 Challenges to social reconciliation processes 30 2.9 Conclusion 35 What are the prospects? 35 3. Challenges to a working democracy and democratisation process 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Background 40 3.2.1 Democracy in the Somali context 44 3.2.2 Puntland democratisation process 47 3.2.3 Transition to democracy 50 3.3 Diverging public perceptions and understanding of democracy 54 3.4 Clan and clan politics 62 3.5 Islamic perspective in democracy 64 3.6 Impact of the Somali conflict 68 3.7 Puntland’s institutional challenges 70 What are the prospects? 72 v Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace 4. Challenges to the devolution of power to local authorities 75 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Background 77 4.2.1 Decentralisation process: development and legal matters 79 4.2.2 Structural and Financial Framework of Local Governments 80 4.3 Inappropriate local councils’ selection process 83 4.4 Negligible public participation 87 4.5 Puntland’s institutional challenges 90 4.6 Low capacity of current local governments 94 4.7 Ineffective local-state relationship 101 What are the prospects? 103 5. Conclusion 105 Annexes 109 Thematic Bibliography 119 Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme vi List of Acronyms CAPA • Christian Association for Prison Aftercare CBO • Community Based Organization CRC • Constitutional Review Committee CSO • Civil Society Organization DDR • Disarmament Demobilisation and Re-integration GECPD • Galkayo Education Centre for Peace and Development HDI • Human Development Index HoR • House of Representatives INTERPEACE • International Peacebuilding Alliance IC • International Community ICU • Islamic Courts Union IDPs • Internally Displaced Persons ILO • International Labour Organization ILUA • International Union of Local Authorities IRIN • Integrated Regional Information Network JPLG • Joint Program for Local Governance and Decentralized Service LNGO • Local Non-governmental Organization INGO • International Non-Governmental Organization MP • Member of Parliament NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization NRC • National Reconciliation Conference OCHA • Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs PAR • Participatory Action Research PDRC • Puntland Development Research Centre PEC • Puntland Electoral Commission PSAO • Puntland State Audit Office PSM • Puntland Stakeholders Meeting PUNSAA • Puntland Non-State Actors’ Association RDP • Reconstruction Development Plan SNDU • Somali National Democratic Union SNM • Somali National Movement SPM • Somali Patriotic Movement SRC • Supreme Revolutionary Council SSDF • Somali Salvation Democratic Front SYL • Somali Youth League USC • United Somali Congress USP • United Somali Party TASS • Tadamun Association for Social Services TFG • Transitional Federal Government UN • United Nations UNCDF • United Nations Capital Development Fund UNCLOS • United Nations Convention on Law of Sea UNCTAD • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDSS • United Nations Department of Safety and Security UN-HABITAT • United Nations – Human Settlements Programme Delivery UNDP • United Nations Development Programme WSP-International • War-torn Societies Project International vii Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme viii Preface for the Pillars of Peace Programme The Pillars of Peace Programme is meant to advance and underpin the consolidation of peace throughout the Somali region through consensus-oriented, integrated approaches to state building and peacebuilding The Pillars of Peace Programme Today the Somali region is mostly commonly sensationalised as the ultimate ‘failed state’. This description obscures the richness of the peace dynamics within and between Somali communities throughout the region. Contrary to the negative generalisation of the Somali present scene, Somali-led initiatives have set up viable political and administrative arrangements to manage conflict and provide durable security and rule of law in both Somaliland and Puntland. In many places Somali entrepreneurship from inside or outside the Somali region has also revitalised the economy. Rebuilding a country is primarily about restoring people’s trust and confidence in governance systems and rule of law, rebuilding relationships at all levels and providing the communities with greater hope for the future. Interpeace launched its Somali programme in the north-eastern part of the Somali region, known as Puntland, back in 1996. The programme was extended to Somaliland in 1999 and South-Central Somalia in 2000. Interpeace assisted in the establishment of Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) in Garowe (Puntland), the Academy for Peace and Development (APD) in Hargeysa (Somaliland) and the Centre for Research and Dialogue (CRD) in Mogadishu, which have each developed into respected institutions. Interpeace worked with the teams to advance and support interlinked processes of peace building and state formation using Participatory Action Research (PAR). Interpeace’s experience in the Somali region indicates that the understanding and trust developed through PAR methodology can help resolve conflicts directly, while at the same time building consensual approaches to address the social, economic and political issues necessary for durable peace. In conjunction with the three Somali partners, Interpeace launched its latest region-wide initiative ‘The Pillars of Peace’ Programme in 2009. This consensus-oriented, integrated approach to peacebuilding builds upon Interpeace and its partners’ experience in the region that demonstrated that dialogue can be translated into action with a high degree of local ownership. With this come the associated sustainability, resilience and relevance of the communities involved. This new initiative also provides a peacebuilding approach as the basis for support to state building processes, such as democratisation. The aim is to transfer peacebuilding capacity to Somalis
Recommended publications
  • S/2003/223 Security Council
    United Nations S/2003/223 Security Council Distr.: General 25 March 2003 Original: English Letter dated 25 March 2003 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia addressed to the President of the Security Council On behalf of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia, and in accordance with paragraph 11 of Security Council resolution 1425 (2002), I have the honour to transmit herewith the report of the Panel of Experts mandated to collect independent information on violations of the arms embargo on Somalia and to provide recommendations on possible practical steps and measures for implementing it. In this connection, the Committee would appreciate it if this letter together with its enclosure were brought to the attention of the members of the Security Council and issued as a document of the Council. (Signed) Stefan Tafrov Chairman Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia 03-25925 (E) 210303 *0325925* S/2003/223 Letter dated 24 February 2003 from the Panel of Experts to the Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia We have the honour to enclose the report of the Panel of Experts on Somalia, in accordance with paragraph 11 of Security Council resolution 1425 (2002). (Signed) Ernst Jan Hogendoorn (Signed) Mohamed Abdoulaye M’Backe (Signed) Brynjulf Mugaas 2 S/2003/223 Report of the Panel of Experts on Somalia pursuant to Security Council resolution 1425 (2002) Contents Paragraphs Page Abbreviations ................................................................. 5 Summary ..................................................................... 6 Introduction ......................................................... 1–13 11 Background to the current instability in Somalia ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Country of Origin Information Report Somalia July 2008
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT SOMALIA 30 JULY 2008 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE 30 JULY 2008 SOMALIA Contents Preface LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN SOMALIA, FROM 4 JULY 2008 TO 30 JULY 2008 REPORTS ON SOMALIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 4 JULY 2008 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.04 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 Currency change, 2008 ................................................................ 2.06 Drought and famine, 2008 ........................................................... 2.10 Telecommunications.................................................................... 2.14 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Collapse of central government and civil war ........................... 3.01 Peace initiatives 2000-2006 ......................................................... 3.14 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 3.19 ‘Puntland’ Regional Administration............................................ 3.20 The ‘Republic of Somaliland’ ...................................................... 3.21 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2002 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 31, 2003
    Somalia Page 1 of 13 Somalia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2002 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 31, 2003 Somalia1 has been without a central government since its last president, dictator Mohamed Siad Barre, fled the country in 1991. In May 2000, in Arta, Djibouti, delegates representing all clans and a wide spectrum of Somali society participated in a "Conference for National Peace and Reconciliation in Somalia." The Conference adopted a charter for a 3-year Transitional National Government (TNG) and selected a 245-member Transitional National Assembly (TNA), which included 24 members of Somali minority groups and 25 women. In August 2000, the Assembly elected Abdiqassim Salad Hassan as Transitional President. Administrations in the northwest (Somaliland) and northeast (Puntland) of the country do not recognize the results of the Djibouti Conference, nor do several Mogadishu-based factional leaders. Serious interclan and intraclan fighting continued to occur in parts of the country, notably in Puntland, the central regions of Hiran and Middle Shabelle, the southern regions of Bay, Bakol, Gedo, Lower Shabelle, Middle Juba, Lower Juba, and in Mogadishu. In Baidoa, the Rahanweyn Resistance Army (RRA) which controls Bay and Bakol splintered, resulting in continued fighting by RRA leaders to assert control over Baidoa. No group controlled more than a fraction of the country's territory. The Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) sponsored a reconciliation conference led by Kenya, in association with Ethiopia and Djibouti. All major political and military leaders attended as well as elders, religious leaders, and members of civil society.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Mediated Communication: Mailing List As Modern Meeting Place A
    Computer Mediated Communication: Mailing List as Modern Meeting Place A. Issa-Salwe* M. Ahmed* M. N. Kabir* L. Share* ABSTRACT Purpose: The paper uses as case study a discussion mailing list created in April 1998 (and still exists) by a group of the Somali diaspora. The mailing list, known as Puntland/lubbaland mailing list, was formed to give its members an interactive online. The purpose of Puntland & Jubbaland mailing list is to, but not limited to, facilitate privately the discussion of Northeastern and Lower Juba social, economic and political affairs and to solidifj, the views of Puntland Somalis in the Somali Diaspora. The interaction of the group is meant to create a feeling similar to the intimacy characteristic of primary groups. Since social ties deepen in time, primary groups are relatively permanent, as relationships involve an identity of ends. In primary groups, the relationship is in itself an end and only secondarily or incidentally a means to an end. Design/Methodology/Approach: Members in the Puntland/Jubbaland mailing list organised themselves into helping and contributing to home development, helping the newly elected Puntland administration, pooling skills of professionals, and promoting the interests of Puntland and Jubbaland regions. The list had its ups and downs. At its height ofexistence, it created and helped Taibah University, KSA. [email protected] **Kingston University. UK TRIM V 5 (2) July- December 2009 184 Computer Mediated Communication: Mailing Issa-Saiwe, Ahmed, Kabir, Sherif many useful projects /hr the people of Puntland (an autonomous region qfSomalia). Findings: The results of the research shows that despite mailing list technology can be used as modern meeting place and tools to enable people to work for a purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Puntland Facts and Figures 2012-2017
    PUNTLAND FACTS AND FIGURES 2012-2017 PUNTLAND STATE OF SOMALIA Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Department of Statistics PUNTLAND STATE OF SOMALIA Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Department of Statistics Contents FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................................................... vi 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ vii 1.1 Establishment of Puntland State of Somalia.................................................................................................. viii 1.2 Trends of Political and Constitutional Development ............................................................................... viii 2 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE ............................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Location ....................................................................................................................................................................................2 2.2 Area .............................................................................................................................................................................................2 2.3 Climate ......................................................................................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • The Puntland Experience: a Bottom-Up Approach to Peace and State Building
    THE SEARCH FOR PEACE Somali Programme Haani salka ayeey ka unkantaa A milk container is built from the bottom up The Puntland Experience: A Bottom-up Approach to Peace and State Building Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991—2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991—2007 Researchers: Hassan Adan Mohamed, Amina Abdulkadir M. Nur Photographs: Muctar Mohamed Hersi, Audio Visual Unit Map: Adapted from Mark Bradbury, 2008, James Currey Editor: Dr Pat Johnson, Interpeace This research study was made possible by the generous contributions of the interviewees, Working Group, peer reviewers, and colleagues at the Puntland Development Research Center, including Abdurahman A. Osman ‘Shuke’ (Director), Ali Farah Ali (Research Coordinator), Mohamed Yassin Essa ‘Ilkoasse’ (Finance Manager), and Muctar Mohamed Hersi (Director Audio-Visual Unit), in sharing their unique experiences as well as historical documentation. The Search for Peace series Research Coordinator: Mark Bradbury, Rift Valley Institute Research Consultants: Professor Ken Menkhaus, Davidson College, USA Dr Justin Willis, the British Institute in Eastern Africa Andy Carl, Conciliation Resources Ulf Terlinden Senior Research Advisor: Abdirahman Osman Raghe, Interpeace Series Coordinator & Editor: Dr Pat Johnson, Interpeace Series Sub-editor: Janet Oeverland, Interpeace Design and Layout: Cege Mwangi, Arcadia Associates Garowe, Puntland Phone: (+252 5) 84 4480 Thuraya: +88 216 4333 8170 [email protected] www.pdrc.somalia.org This report was produced by Interpeace and the Puntland Development Research Center and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contributing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services.
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia Country Report
    SOMALIA COUNTRY REPORT October 2004 Country Information and Policy Unit IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Somalia October 2004 CONTENTS 1. Scope of Document 1.1 - 1.10 2. Geography 2.1 - 2.3 3. Economy 3.1 - 3.4 4. History Collapse of central government and civil war 1990 - 1992 4.1 - 4.6 UN intervention 1992 - 1995 4.7 - 4.11 Resurgence of militia rivalry 1995 - 2000 4.12 - 4.15 Peace initiatives 2000 - 2004 - Arta Peace Conference and the formation of the TNG, 2000 4.16 - 4.19 - Somalia National Reconciliation Conference, 2002 - 2004 4.20 - 4.25 'South West State of Somalia' (Bay and Bakool) 2002 - 2003 4.26 - 4.27 'Puntland' Regional Administration 1998 - 2003 4.28 - 4.30 The 'Republic of Somaliland' 1991 - 2003 4.31 - 4.33 5. State Structures The Constitution 5.1 Transitional National Government (TNG) Charter 5.2 'Puntland State of Somalia' Charter 5.3 'Republic of Somaliland' Constitution 5.4 Political System General 5.5 - 5.8 - Mogadishu 5.9 - 5.10 Other areas in central and southern Somalia 5.11 - Lower and Middle Juba (including Kismayo) 5.12 - Lower and Middle Shabelle 5.13 - 5.14 - Hiran 5.15 - 5.16 - Galgudud 5.17 - Gedo 5.18 'South West State of Somalia' (Bay and Bakool) 5.19 - 5.20 Puntland 5.21 - 5.22 Somaliland 5.23 Judiciary 5.24 - 5.26 Southern Somalia 5.27 - 5.28 Puntland 5.29 Somaliland 5.30 Legal Rights/Detention 5.31 - 5.32 Death Penalty 5.33 Internal Security 5.34 Armed forces 5.35 - 5.36 Police 5.37 - 5.38 Clan-based militias 5.39 Prisons and prison conditions 5.40 - 5.43 Military Service 5.44 Conscientious objectors and deserters 5.45 Recruitment by clan militias 5.46 Demobilisation initiatives 5.47 - 5.48 Medical Services Overview 5.49 - 5.50 Hospitals 5.51 - 5.52 Private sector and NGO provision 5.53 - 5.55 HIV/AIDS 5.56 - 5.57 People with disabilities 5.58 Mental health care 5.59 Educational System 5.60 - 5.65 Somalia October 2004 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Puntland at the Polls
    SAFERWORLD PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICT. BUILDING SAFER LIVES SAFERWORLD REPORT PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICT. BUILDING SAFER LIVES SAFERWORLD PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICT. BUILDING SAFER LIVES SAFERWORLD PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICT. BUILDING SAFER LIVES Puntland at the polls April 2014 Puntland at the polls SAFERWORLD AND PUNSAA APRIL 2014 Acknowledgements Saferworld and PUNSAA would like to acknowledge the following colleagues for their valuable contributions to this report; Kathryn Achilles, George Grayson, Sadik Ahmed Bihi, Mohamed Abdi Elmi and Abdirisak Said Nur. We also thank the United States Institute of Peace (USIP)* for their financial support to this research. Acronyms CPJ Committee to Protect Journalists MAP Media Association of Puntland PDRC Puntland Development Research Centre PUNSAA Puntland Non State Actors Association TPEC Transitional Puntland Election Commission Political Associations Horcad Horseed Midnimo Puntland Democratic Party (PDP) Puntland People’s Party (UDAD) Wadajir © Saferworld, April 2014. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without full attribution. Saferworld welcomes and encourages the utilisation and dissemination of the material included in this publication. * The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. Contents Map of Somalia 1 Introduction 1 Methodology 2 Context 2 The electoral process 3 2 Key challenges 5 1. A lack of consultation and consensus building 5 2. A disputed constitution and electoral laws 6 Boundary demarcation 6 3. An electoral body lacking trust and confidence 7 4.
    [Show full text]
  • SOMALIA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information
    SOMALIA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Somalia April 2003 CONTENTS I. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.4 2. GEOGRAPHY 2.1 - 2.2 3. ECONOMY 3.1 - 3.2 4. HISTORY Independence 1960 4.1 - 4.2 Siad Barre Regime 1969-1991 4.3 - 4.9 Collapse of Central Government 1991 & Civil War 4.10 - 4.14 United Nations Intervention 1992-1995 4.15 - 4.23 Southern Somalia - developments since 1995 4.24 - 4.28 - Attempts to reunify Mogadishu 4.29 - 4.30 - Kismayo and Juba Regions 4.31 - 4.33 - Gedo Region 4.34 - 4.37 - Bay & Bakool Regions 4.38 - 4.41 Arta Conference 2000 and formation of the TNG 4.42 - 4.49 - Formation of SRRC 4.50 - TNG vote of no confidence of 2001 4.51 - 4.52 Eldoret Peace Conference 2002 4.53 - 4.61 - Change of venue and other peace related initiatives of 2003 4.62 - 4.66 "South West State of Somalia" (Bay & Bakool Regions) 2002 - 2003 4.67 - 4.70 "Puntland State of Somalia" (North-eastern Somalia) 1998-2003 Position in north-eastern Somalia pre-1998 4.71 - Establishment of Puntland 4.72 - 4.73 - Constitutional Crisis in Puntland 2001-2003 4.74 - 4.81 "Republic of Somaliland" (North-western Somalia) 1991-2003 4.82 - 4.87 - Independence Referendum 2001 & Legalisation of Political Parties 4.88 - 4.90 - Death of President Egal, 2002 4.91 - Civic elections of 2002 4.92 - 4.93 - Presidential elections of 2003 4.94 - 4.97 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Puntland's Political Transformation
    PUNTLAND’S POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION Interpeace Regional Office for Eastern and PDRC Garowe, Puntland Central Africa (ECA) T: (+252) 5 844480/907 794161 P.O. Box 14520 - 00800 Nairobi, Kenya E: [email protected] T: +254 20 2655228 W: www.pdrcsomalia.org + 254 710607373 + 254 733605290 PDRC Galkayo, Puntland PUNTLAND’S POLITICAL E: [email protected] T: (+252) 5 844480/907 794161 TRANSFORMATION W: www.interpeace.org E: [email protected] W: www.pdrcsomalia.org Taking the First Steps toward Democratic Elections in partnership with the United Nations Taking the First Steps toward Democratic Elections This publication was made possible through generous contributions and support from: ISBN: 978-9966-1665-3-1 Garowe, June 2015 9 789966 166531 PUNTLAND’S POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION Taking the First Steps toward Democratic Elections Garowe, June 2015 PDRC report 2015.indd 1 6/3/15 11:56 AM PUNTLAND’S POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION 2 Taking the First Steps toward Democratic Elections Interpeace Regional Office for Eastern and Central Africa (ECA) P.O. Box 14520 - 00800 Nairobi, Kenya T: +254 20 2655228 + 254 710607373 + 254 733605290 E: [email protected] W: www.interpeace.org PDRC Garowe, Puntland T: (+252) 5 844480/907 794161 E: [email protected] W: www.pdrcsomalia.org PDRC Galkayo, Puntland T: (+252) 5 844480/907 794161 E: [email protected] W: www.pdrcsomalia.org Acknowledgements This Report was prepared by the Puntland Development Research Center and Interpeace Regional Office for Eastern and Central Africa. Lead Researchers: Ali Farah Ali and PDRC Research Team Research Advisor: Abdirahman Osman Raghe Editor: Peter W. Mackenzie Design and layout: Gecko Media Printers: Kul Graphics Limited Front cover photo: Civic education poster ISBN: 978-9966-1665-3-1 Copyright: © Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) Published: June 2015 This report was produced by the Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) and Interpeace and represents exclusively their own views.
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia, Country Information
    Somalia, Country Information SOMALIA ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VIA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: SOMALI CLAN STRUCTURE ANNEX C: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX D: PROMINENT PEOPLE REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum/human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for currency, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up to date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. 2. GEOGRAPHY file:///V|/vll/country/uk_cntry_assess/apr2003/0403_Somalia.htm[10/21/2014 10:09:18 AM] Somalia, Country Information 2.1 Somalia (known officially as the Somali Democratic Republic) has an area of 637,657 sq.
    [Show full text]
  • Pillars of Peace
    International Peacebuilding Alliance Garowe, Puntland Alliance internationale pour la consolidation de la paix Phone: (+252 5) 84 4480 • Thuraya: +88 216 4333 8170 Alianza Internacional para la Consolidación de la Paz Galkayo Satellite Office Interpeace Regional Office for Eastern and Central Africa Phone: (+252 5) 85 4200 • Thuraya: +88 216 43341184 T +254(0) 20 3862 840/ 2 • F +254(0) 20 3862 845 P.O.Box 14520 – Nairobi, Kenya 00800 [email protected] www.interpeace.org www.pdrcsomalia.org PILLARS OF PEACE SOMALI PROGRAMME In partnership with the United Nations Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace Puntland Note: This publication was made possible through the generous contributions and support from: Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace Challenges to Security and Rule of Law, Democratisation Process and Devolution of Power to Local Authorities Denmark Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Confederation suisse Confédérazione Svizzera Confederaziun svizra Swiss Confederation European Commission Garowe, November 2010 P ILLARS OF P EACE Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace Challenges to Security and Rule of Law, Democratisation Process and Devolution of Power to Local Authorities Garowe, November 2010 i Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme Puntland Note: Mapping the Foundations of Peace Pillars of Peace - Somali Programme ii Acknowledgements This research document was made possible by the joint effort and partnership of the Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) and the International Peacebuilding Alliance (Interpeace). PDRC would like to thank the Puntland stakeholders who actively participated and substantially contributed to the discussions, interviews, community consultations and analysis of the research output. Special thanks also go to the peer reviewers who, looking at the document from the outside, constructively and attentively reviewed the content and form of this document.
    [Show full text]