FOREWORD: No Others Than The Farmers Have Solution On Food Deficiency More than 70% of the people are engaged in agriculture in Nepal, still the food production is not sufficient to feed all the people round the year. In many (A Case of Food Facility Project in districts, especially hill and mountain ) regions, food deficiency is persistent. Such deficiency is prevailed even in Sindhuli district and to minimize this problem in the said district the project on Food Facility (EUFF) funded by European Union through FAO in Nepal BACKGROUND: was implemented by USC Nepal. In the course of implementation of this project, several stakeholders both Sindhuli is one of the hill districts that lie in the institutional and individuals were involved and the Central Development Region of Nepal. It constitutes high combined efforts of all those stakeholders were hills as well as plain areas ranging from 305 to 2,787 collectively responsible for attaining the exciting results meters high. The plain areas lie in the river basin and the stated in the respective section of the booklet. Hence, the name of the main rivers are Kamala, Marin, Chandaha, beneficiary farmers of the project area, the center and Jirgaha, Langdi Dhanmana, Simle and district level related government officials including VDC Gadauli. secretaries, representatives of political parties functional at district as well as VDC level party networks and project The total land area of the Sindhuli district is staff are duely acknowledged for their contribution in the 2,47,709 hectars of which 11,798 hectars is agricultural successful implementation of the project. European Union land and the rest is either pasture or forest or other land. along with EUFF Project executing authorities of FAO in The population of the district is 3,46,109 (as of 2001) with Nepal also are duely appreciated for entrusting USC Nepal a total of 60,648 households. Among them, 59.14 % are for the implementation of this project in Sindhuli district marginal farm households. Sindhuli is one of the food and providing funding as well as other technical supports. deficit districts of Nepal and it has very low level of important socio- economic indicators:

Dr. Tika Prasad Pokharel Chairperson

1 2

Table 1: Key Socio Economic Indicators of Sindhuli 2. Introduce community development program for the District. support of the weaker section of the people Farm size 0.24 hector. irrespective of families affected by the earthquake. Marginal farm households 59. 14 % 3. Resettle the families threatened by the landslides. Irrigated land 27.36 % Food deficiency 9,910 MT. The same program also was started in Dolakha and as of 2006/07) Kavrepalanchwok districts during 1989. Literacy rate 55.0 % Child illiteracy rate 22.04 % The name of the program VDCs of all these three Drinking water supply coverage 61.77 % districts were as below: Toilet facility coverage 27.36 % Program VDCs in Program VDCs in Program VDCs in Source: District profile Sindhuli District Kavrepalanchwok Dolakha District District st Meanwhile the earthquake of 21 August, 1988 1. 1. Dadakharka 1. Hoksey severely hit this district including several others of Eastern and Central development regions of Nepal. This made USC 2. 2. Dolakha (Rampa 2. Saping Nepal to present in this district with some interventions to Village only) help improve in the living conditions of the people. 3. Kholagaun 3. kalentey Based on the damages caused by the said earthquake 4. Pokhari and size of the vulnerable ethnic communities residing in six Village Development Committees (VDCs), then called 5. Solpa Village Panchyats, in the Eastern part of the district (see the map) were selected and a five year development 6. Khansang program with the name of "Post Earthquake Program (PEP)" was started by USC Nepal from January, 1989. The objectives of the PEP program were to: Besides reconstruction and rehabilitation, the programs in all these districts included drinking water 1. Reconstruct the school buildings and other social supply, small irrigation, functional literacy, animal health, infrastructure damaged by the earthquake. mini- kit distribution, income generation, saving and credit, environment protection, aforestation, institutional development, health education and sanitation.

3 4

After five years of its operation, the program was funded by European Union (EU) through the Food and phased out handing over to the locally developed NGOs in Agricultural Organization (FAO) in Nepal. This project had Dolakha and Kavre districts and in Sindhuli district it was covered 10 VDCs of the most remote part in the North- phased out in 2000. But as of the demand of the local West of the districts (see the map). The objective of the people and experiences as well as achievements gained project was to enhance the food security for 6,148 during this phase of the program in the said VDCs of the marginal farm households including 527 landless respective districts, the community development program, households and to mitigate the negative effect of soaring with a new name of "People’s Empowerment Program food prices in the project VDCs. (PEP)", was started in six new VDCs in the South-East (see the map) of Sindhuli district in 2000. These VDCs were: These VDCs with number of settlements and households covered by the project were as given in Table: 2 (1) Ranibas VDC (2) Nipane VDC Table 2: VDCs with No. of Settlements & Households (3) VDC Covered by the Project (4) VDC S. Name Agriculture Livestock (5) Tadi VDC N. of VDCs Activities Activities (6) VDC No. of No. of No. of No. of Settlements Households Settlements Households In these VDCs, the total beneficiaries were about 34,000 from 6,041 households and they were mostly the 1 31 455 4 29 ethnic communities like Danuwar, Musahar, Tamang, 2 Santeswori 19 377 3 32 Majhi, Gurung and Maghar etc. The program included the 3 24 336 4 29 sustainable agriculture, food security, forestry 4 Amle 17 334 4 29 conservation, drinking water supply, sanitation, health, 5 Bhadrakali 29 654 5 56 river training, environmental protection, irrigation, saving 6 Hariharpurgadi 43 511 4 44 and credit and institutional development. The program 7 Mahendrajyadi 14 691 5 60 was implemented for eight years and it was phased out handing over to the local NGOs developed and trained 8 28 1007 8 86 during the program phase in May, 2008. 9 Bastipur 41 411 3 35 10 39 1370 7 117 From February 2010, USC Nepal started new project in Sindhuli district. This project was on Food Security Total 275 6,148 48 527 named as "European Union Food Facility Project (EUFF)" 5 6

KEY ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT

The key activities of EUFF project included training, experience sharing and input distribution.

TRAINING:

The purpose of the training was to make the participating farmers fully familiar with all stages of cropping system from land preparation to safe storage of the products. This means the purpose of this training was to make familiar the participants how to till the land, prepare beds, sowing seeds, carry on weeding, identify both useful and harmful insects, deal with harmful insects, use of fertilizers, provide supplementary nutrient (in case Planting of seedings of deficiency symptoms in plant), supplement the water in the crops or irrigate cropped land, harvest the crop, All these trainings were conducted using the threshing of harvested crops, dry the grain and the straw curriculum developed and made available by FAO. This under the sun and store them properly. To make fully curriculum was focused on to promote the organic farming familiar with this entire cycle, the Farmers Field Schooling and use of new technology. In organic farming, the (FFS) approach was adopted and that was carried on in 5 farmers were trained to use the organic manures as much different ways. They were (1) season long FFS:1 (16 weeks as possible and use chemical fertilizer as little as it can long), (2) season long FFS:2 ( 8 weeks long), (3) training be. They were also trained to use the preventive methods for Local Resource Persons(LRP), (4) farmers training for the control of harmful insects and use locally available through Local Resource Person(LRP) and (5) demonstration botanical pesticides to fight against such insects, in case if by Local Resource Persons( LRP). Besides these, 17 days it is occasionally out broken. Besides, the farmers were training for the facilitators, who were to be used exposed to the useful insects, ways to promote such especially for carrying on the 16 weeks long Farmers Field insects, methods of making compost and improved Schooling, were also implemented. methods of farming from land preparation to the storing of the products. They were also trained on the adoption of new technologies like System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and True Potato Seed (TPS) in the farm practices.

7 8

While getting the participation in FFS: 1 training in each place. These such understanding farmers (trainees) so selected for FFS:1 were to occupy in through these trainings a plot of appropriate farm selected from the farmer’ fields the farmers in the and provided practical as well as theoretical training of 16 project VDCs were weeks long by a facilitator assigned in each of such places. partly inquisitive and Such 16 week long training was conducted for SRI and TPS partly surprised but in 8 VDCs and the classes in such training were to take were ultimately place in each week. Similarly, the 8 weeks long FFS: 2 was receptive, though they carried on in two VDCs covering 15 places especially in were somewhat vegetables cultivation. For this 8 weeks long training, the reluctant in the local resource persons were trained locally and used.The beginning especially local resource persons were also supported by technical with the SRI and the staff of the project. The entire process followed for the TPS (see the case selection of the demonstration plots, the training method studies in Annex “A”). and the trainers for this training also was similar to the methods used in 16 weeks long FFS: 1 SRI Technique of rice cultivation

EXPERIENCE SHARING:

The 16 week long FFS: 1 was conducted in several places containing 25 farmers in each place using three stage selection processes. In the first stage, almost all beneficiary farmers from the areas were invited in a meeting to discuss the purpose of the project as well as the training and from such meeting about 40 participants were nominated for the participation in FFS: 1. From these farmers nominated by the meeting, an aptitude test was followed in the second stage of the selection process. In the third stage, it was made a final selection of 25 farmers who were found highly interested, positive in attitude and able to comminicate effectively to others for

9 10

INPUT DISTRIBUTION:

Besides the training and experience sharing, provision was made for inputs distribution to the target families. These inputs were related to agriculture as well as the livestock development. In agriculture, it included the improved seeds for cereal crops as rice, maize and wheat and seeds for vegetables as sponge gourd, bitter gourd, eggplant, cucumber, french bean, ladies finger, radish, BL mustard, carrot, pea, cabbage, cauliflower, tomato and chilly including two types of fertilizers (Urea and DAP). These inputs were provided in equal quantity (see the table 3 below for the quantity) to each beneficiary household. The total number of the households in this category of agriculture inputs support was 6,148. Farmers withresources person in demo plot Likewise, in livestock 527 households having no or very small piece of land in the project area were provided with The demonstration plots also were extensively used 4 number of she goats to each such family and 1 he goat for the purpose of learning and experience sharing of among each four of such households. But those preferring various other farmers of neighboring villages. Besides pigs instead of goats, such landless households were given these, demonstration by LRP, District Inception Meeting two piglets per household and nine male piglets for each (DIM) and VDC Inception Meetings (VDCIMs) were organized eight groups of households. While giving such ruminants to make familiar all the stakeholders like district level they were selected healthy, as well as capable to resist government officials, representatives of political parties, the climatic condition of the district. These ruminants also national and international NGOs as well as bilateral and were trenched and vaccinated before delivering them to multilateral agencies functional in the district and VDC the particular recipients. The landless households were secretaries including members of the support committees also provided six pieces of CGI sheets making the animal formed in each VDC. shade for the housing of these ruminants and starter feeds for such animals to begin with.

11 12

Table 3: Agriculture Inputs and Their Quantity Provided to Each Target Households in Different Cropping Seasons:

Quantity of Quantity of Quantity of inputs inputs inputs provided to provided to provided to Type of inputs each HH for each HH each HH for provided spring/ for winter spring/ summer crops of summer crops of 2010 crops of 2011 2010 Urea( fertilizer) 23 kg - - DAP (fertilizer) 9 kg - - Paddy seeds 10 kg - 10kg Farmers receiving fertilizers Maize seeds 3 kg - 3 kg Vegetable 0.15 kg 0.15 kg 0.085-0.16 kg seeds Wheat seeds - 12 kg - Lentil seeds - 1 kg - Potato seeds - 0.005kg - (TPS) Source: Project progress report

OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT:

The duration of the project, although, was for 17 months in total, remarkable progress during this period were made by the project both in terms of the results and

the sustainability. A total of 7,930 People, especially the Women farmer carrying fertilizer to her house

13 14 farmers, were trained in different 8 broad areas ranging from 1 to 16 weeks long. The details of these trainings were as given in table 4:

Table 4: Types of Trainings and Their Coverage During the Project Period

No. of No. of participants Types of training trainings completing the trainings conducted Male Female Total 1. Compost 84 656 369 1025 management 2. Cereal crop 188 2085 728 2813 production 3. Vegetable 143 1697 614 2311 production. 4. TPS production 23 255 122 377 5. FFS (1+2) 32 401 415 816 Potatoes from TPS technology

6. Demo. plots Mgmt. 24 333 195 528 7. LRP development 2 27 13 40 8. FFS facilitators 2 11 9 20 development All Total 498 5,465 2,465 7,930 Source: Project progress reports

Cabbage

15 16

Table 5: Production of Vegetable During Project Period Along with these trainings, all the beneficiary farmers were provided opportunity to visit the Farmers Type of Land area covered Vegetable Productivity Field Schools and get familiar with the approaches. They vegetable by vegetable production were also managed to provide practical knowledge on the production (hect) (mt.) improved farming system along with the inputs like Radish 14.0 49.5 3.54 improved seeds of paddy, wheat, maize, vegetables and Carrot 8.0 11.5 1.43 fertilizers including the CGI sheets, startup feeds, and Rayo 21.0 41 1.95 goats as well as pigs to the landless households. These Tomato 14.0 5.9 0.42 ruminants were successfully grown and started to give Cabbage 21.0 54.0 2.58 birth of young ruminants. They had generated new hopes Bean 21.0 5.4 2.03 to the landless households and such households were Pea 6.7 9.5 1.41 eagerly waiting with the feeling that these ruminants Total 90.1 182.4 2.02 could be the good supplement for the improvement of Source: Post harvest survey report their livelihood. The average production of vegetable per household Concerning the improvement in agriculture was 29.64 Kg. Many of the vegetables were also newly production, the post harvest survey carried on by an introduced due to the intervention of the project. It was independent consultant appointed by FAO/European also introduced the new technology like TPS, SRI and Union, recorded paddy production increased by 25%, organic farming technique for which the farmers of the wheat production increased by 60 % and maize production project VDCs are fully acquainted by now although they increased by 39 % as against the production of earlier (pre- were very much reluctant in the beginning. As a result, project) year. Similarly, the vegetable production households which were found in the category of food increased from 10- 20% depending upon the type of deficit households in the beginning of the project have vegetables and lentil production increased by 20 % in the largely turned to be the food sufficient households in this same year as compared to the per-project year. Further period of 17 months and they have also adequately details of the vegetable production were as given in the learned to carry on the activities smoothly on their own. table 5:

17 18

LESSON LEARNED:

Even in a short period like that of 17 months, much can be done for the improvement of the food situation of the food deficit households in Nepalese villages. For this, a clear concept with a full package of the activities is a precondition and that should be accompanied by genuine participation of all the stakeholders including the beneficiaries. It should also be accompanied by transparency in each action and fair in delivering the services and other concerns. Here in this project the activities were clearly specified; beneficiaries were defined based on the specified criterion and their selection were ratified from the VDC Level committee that included the political party representatives, VDC officials and the representatives of available social organizations at the VDC level. At the district level, the beneficiaries recommended from the VDC level committee were approved by the District level committee which included District Agricultural Development Officer (DADO), Local Development Officer (LDO), District Livestock Service Officer (DLSO) and representatives of District Land preparation for nursery Administrative Office as well as district level political party representatives. These committees both at the VDC While doing all these project works, the project and the District levels were activated in the matters of activities were very closely linked up with the district taking all necessary decision required to implement the level line agencies, political parties, VDCs and other project smoothly. Besides this; the beneficiaries also were bilateral and non governmental agencies functional in the treated equally in all matters including the distribution of district. It was also formed the different farmers groups in inputs, training facilities and exposure visits. All these helped the project to accomplish the said progress and project VDCs and given them orientation to carry on the contribute substantially to address the problem of food activities continuously. This, along with the practical insufficiency in the project VDCs. This has, thus, trainings, has created the basis for the sustainability of ascertained and also reinforced that no others than the the activities. farmers have solution on food deficiency especially in countries like Nepal.

19 20

Case of Devimayan Ghalan Farming in this village is purely traditional. They used to cultivate not more than two crops. It included maize and millet in the dry land and paddy and maize in the wet land. They had started to cultivate the wheat decade ago but that did not last long due to the reason of not being fully familiar with the process of cultivating the wheat. Growing vegetables was a rare case. The seeds they were using for most of the said crops were years’ old and adopted Harvested potato by Devimaya Ghalan year after year from the same foundation by the villagers.

Devimaya Ghalan with TPS potato The villagers were aware that the production potentialities of these seeds were eroded but many of Devimanya Ghalan is living in village, ward them were helpless and bound to use the same since no No 4 of Amale VDC, within the project VDCs of Food alternatives were available to them. Devimaya Ghalan’s Facility Project implemented by USC Nepal in Sindhuli family also was not an exception in this. District. She is 43 years old and living in this village after her marriage. When the Food Facility project, financially supported by EU through FAO, started to implement by USC Nepal, Devimaya Ghalan has her husband, two daughters Devimaya Ghalan family also was one of the 6148 and two sons. She is uneducated and so is her husband. beneficiary families selected for agricultural supports. She Devimaya family has 14 ropanies of land that includes 4 participated actively in all the activities that were ropanies pasture land. This land is the only source of initiated for the improvement of agricultural practices and livelihood for her family. technologies in the project villages like her fellow villagers. Among such practices and technologies, potato

21 22 production through TPS (true potato seeds) was Asked the question what made her to go for TPS introduced in place of producing it through tuber method unlike her fellow villagers in all the lands she had approach. Under this TPS practice, the nurseries were set aside for potato cultivation, Devimaya Ghalan said “my developed using potato seeds and the plants grown in the family is in the worse condition of food shortage to cover nurseries were transplanted in the beds prepared for their the whole year and I, therefore, had no choice than to showing. This method take the risk". was quite economical as well as productive compared to the traditional method of showing it through tuber of potato. The villager, however, were reluctant to transplant the seedlings in all the Seed selected for next season land they had set aside for potato cultivation. They were doubtful towards the new method of cultivating the potato. Each of the farmers, therefore, adopted the TPS method only in a very small piece of land as a case for trial and went for the very old method of cultivation in rest of the land set for potato cultivation. But Devimaya Ghalan with several questions and clarifications about the TPS technology with the project staff/technicians took a bold decision and planted potato using the TPS method in all her land set for potato cultivation. This yielded good harvest resulting several times more than the potato cultivated through traditional method. It encouraged Devimaya Ghalan more to go for new method of agricultural farming and also to the rest of the villagers.

23 24

Case of Gopal Shrestha old. He has five members in his family including his wife, one son and two daughters. In his family he has 12 ropanies of land in which 2 ropnies is a pasture land. He has no other source of income in his family except the agricultural production of the said land in which the entire family has to survive.

The agricultural farming also is based on traditional Gopal Shrestha inspecting during SRI Training in Bhadrakali VDC-1, dhanmana practices carried over for generations. It is also based mostly on two crops in a year. This has made the Gopal Shrestha is living in Dhanmana village, Ward production limited as well as the productivity gradually No 1 of Bhadrakali VDC, in sindhuli District. He is 52 years eroded. No improved method of production was ever

25 26 practiced in the villages due to the absence of the the single piece of rice plant transplanted multiplied in exposures and support from any other organizations or several pieces and started to grow faster. It gave the individuals including the government. Mr. Gopal Shrestha’s result earlier than the traditionally transplanted rice family also was not an exception on this. plants and the result in terms of production also was almost double. This made surprise to Mr. Shrestha like When the Food Facility project was started to many other farmers and he is formed now to go to the SRI implement by USC Nepal with the funding support of method totally. European Union through FAO, several activities on improvement of agricultural practices including the Asked with Mr. Gopal Shrestha how comfortable he training on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) were is now with SRI method of rice plantation he responded started through Farmers Field Schooling (FFS). In this that he has no more doubt on this and, therefore, he is training Mr. Shrestha also was taking part as a group also actively involved in campaigning the advantage of this leader along with other farmers. method to other fellow farmers.

In SRI training, they were taught to plant one piece of seedling of 8-12 days old instead of traditional way of transplanting a bundle of 8-14 pieces of over a month old seedlings for rice plantation. They were also exposed that SRI method is far better in rice plantation compared to the old method for economizing the time, cost of production and also for increasing the productivity. But Mr. Gopal Shrestha like his fellow villagers found hard time to believe on the saying of the trainers. He had never seen transplanting single piece of rice plant that too of an age of 8-12 days in his life. Nor had he heard about this before. So like other farmers, he was in dilemma whether to plant through SRI method in his rice field or not.

Being a group leader it was not possible for him to disregard totally for the plantation of rice through SRI method, nor was he comfortable too in this matter. He, therefore, choose a midway planting through SRI method on in a small plot of land as a trial. But within a few days, 27 28

o; kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL s]xL Go"h sl6Ëx? laof“af6 cfn'v]tL ug]{qmd l;Gw'nLdf km:6fof]

l;Gw'nL ;dfrf/bftf l;Gw'nLdf9L, df3 ! ut] . l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] u|fdL0f If]qsf b; uflj;sf s[ifsn] of] jif{ cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] laofFaf6 ul/g] cfn'v]tL ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . loaf“af6 -6LkLP; k|ljlw_ cfn'v]tL ubf{ /f]u sd nfUg'sf ;fy} yf]/} nufgLdf w]/} pTkfbg lng ;lsg] s[lif k|fljlwsx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . of] jif{ lhNnfsf] eb|sfnL, cdn], a:tLk'/, tfdfhf]/, g]qsfnL, zfGtLZj/L, slknfsf]6, kLkndf9L, xl/x/k'/u9L / dx]Gb|em\fo8L uflj;df tLg ;o /f]kgLeGbf a9L hldgdf pQm k|ljlwaf6 cfn'v]tL ul/Psf] 5 . eb|sfnL uflj;sf] !, * / ( sf] sl/a !) /f]kgL hUufdf klxnf]k6s k/LIf0fsf ?kdf 6LkLP; k|ljlwaf6 cfn'v]tL ;'? ul/Psf] :yfgLo l;h{gzLn s[ifs kf7zfnfsf cWoIf /fdaxfb'/ nfdfn] atfpg'eof] . kf7zfnfsf ?kdf g} s[ifsx?nfO{ 6LkLP; k|ljlwaf6 cfn'v]nL ug{ l;sfP./ Jofj;flos ?kdf g} ;'? u/]sf] pxf“n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] ;dGjodf o'/f]k]nL o'lgogsf] cfly{s ;xof]u / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u Pj+ Joj:yfkgdf To; If]qdf pQm k|ljlwsf] cfn' v]tL ;'? ePsf] pxf“sf] egfO{ 5 . olgog vfB ;xfot cfof]hgf cGtu{t ljkGg s[ifsx?sf] cfo cfh{g j[l4 u/L hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nof[g ;+rflnt 6LkLP; k|ljlwsf] cfn'v]tLaf6 of] uflj;sf s[ifs nfeflGjt ePsf x'g\ . s[lif ljsf; sfof{nsff k|d'v lszf]/Lk|;fb ofbj 6LkLP; k|ljlwsf] cf'nv]tL emGeml6nf] eP klg pTkfbg w]/} /fd|f] x'g] atfpg'x'G5 . Ps x]S6/ hldgdf k/Dk/ft ul/g] cfn'v]tL @$÷@% 6g pTkfbg x'G5 . ToxL hldgdf 6LkLP; k|ljlwsf] cfn' v]tLaf6 (%÷(^ 6g;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5, pxf“n] eGg'eof] . kf7zfnfdf s[ifsx?nfO{ laof“af6 a]gf pdfg]{, pl|Psf] a]gf{ ;fg]{ nufotsf cfn'v]tL ug]{ ;a} k|fljlws 1fg lbPsf] cfof]hgsf ;+of]hs dx]Gb| zfSon] atfpg'eof] . of] k|ljlwaf6 cfn'v]tL ubf{ k/Dk/fut cfn'v]tLsf] t'ngfdf bf]Aa/ pTkfbg x'g] pxf“sf] egfO{ 5 . pQm cfof]ghfsf] ;xof]uL ;+:yf o'P;;L g]kfnsf k|fljlws sdn s6'jfnsf cg';f/ k/Dk/fut ?kdf cfn'v]tL ubf{ Ps /f]kgL hldgdf em08} ;of lsnf] aLp nfU5 t/ ToxL hldg 6LkLP; k|ljlwsf] b'O{ ;o ?lkof“sf] kf“r u|fd loaf“n] 9fS5 . lhNnfs} ledfg If]q tyf cGo :yfgdf 6LkLP; k|ljlwsf] cfn'v]tL ;kmn eO;s]sf] k|fljlws s6'jfnsf] bfjL 5 . o:tf] k|ljlwaf6 aLp / hldg b'j} art eO{ pTkfbg bf]Aa/ x'g] k|fljlws s6'jfnsf] bfaL 5 . Sunday, January 16, 2011 –Gorakhapatra

29 30

j}1flgs tl/sfn] v]tL u/]kl5 pTkfbg a9\of] ;3gtf k|ljlwaf6 wfg v]tL ;'? l;Gw'nL ;dfrf/bftf l;Gw'nLdf9L, dª\l;/ @* ut], v]taf/Ldf nufPsf] afnL ;+/If0f ug{ ljiffbL k|of]u ubf{ afnLgfnL kof{j/0f, dfgj :jf:Yo / ldqhLjx?nfO{ ;d]t k|lts'n c;/ ug{yfn]kl5 s[ifsx?n] a}1flgs tl/sfn] v]tL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . l;Gw'nLsf] eb|sfnL / a:tLk'/ uflj;df o'/f]lkog ;ª\3 vfB ;xfot sfo{qmd cGtu{t !^ xKt] s[ifs kf7zfnf ;~rfng ePkl5 s[ifsx?n] To;/L v]t Lug{ yfn]sf x'g\ . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] ;dGjodf o: :yfgdf wfg afnLdf pQm tflnd ;~rfng ePkl5 cfkm"x? j}1flgs tl/sfsf] v]tLk|lt cfslif{s ePsf] :yfgLo s[ifsx? atfpF5g\ l;Gw'nL eb|sfnLdf ;3gtf k|ljlwaf6 ul/Psf] ;fd'lxs wfg v]tL uf]8\b} s[ifs . pQm tflndkZrft s[ifsnfO{ ljiffbLsf] k|of]usf ;fy} ldqhLjx? / tl:j/ M /fhs zq'hLjx?af/] hfgsf/L x'g] x'bfF a}1flgs tl/sfn] v]tL ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] /fhs'df/ sfsL{, l;Gw'nL–eb|sfnL uflj;sf s[ifsn] gofF k|ljlwaf6 wfg v]tL ;'? eb|sfnL uflj;–* sL s[ifs wgdfFof bnf{dL atfpg'x'G5 . pxfFn] 'df/÷sflGtk u/]sf 5g\ . j8f !, $, * / ( sf s[ifsn] wfgsf] ;3gtf -P;cf/cfO{_ k|ljlwaf6 v]tL'/ eGg'eof],…pQm tflndn] afnLsf] ;'?sf] cj:yfsf xflgsf/s sL/f, kftljxLg ;'? u/]sf x'g\ . ;3gtf k|ljlwaf6 v]tL ubf{ kfgL sd nufpg'kg]{ / aLp;d]t sd kfg]{ sL/f, uef/f, af]6lj?jf r';fxf sL/f, vfBfGg r';fxf sL/f / df6f]df nfUg] s[ifsn] atfP . pGgt s[ifs kf7zfnfsf] tflnd lnP/ pgLx?n] u/]sf] v]tL clxn] a:g] xflgsf/s sL/faf/] hfgsf/L u/fPsfn] v]t Lug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . x]g{ nfossf] ePsf] 5 . wfgsf] aLp ;3gtf k|ljlwaf6 Ps÷Ps j6f u/L /f]k]sf] clgolGqt ljifbLsf] k|of]unfO{ sd ug{ tflndaf6 sL/fnfO{ dfg{ sL/fs} ufFlhP/ ps} af]6df @) b]lv @% j6f;Dd ePsf] s[ifs uf]kfn >]i7n] atfP . pgn] of] k|of]u ug]{ k4ltsf] ljsf; eO{ vfBfGg tyf t/sf/L pTkfbgdf ;d]t k|ljlwaf6 k/LIf0f:j?k Ps s7\7fdf wfg /f]k]sf 5g\ . ;xof]u k'u]sf] ;f]xL 7fpFsf csf{ s[ifs uf]kfn >]i7sf] cg'ej 5 . Pp6f ufFhd} !÷! j6f /f]k]sf] wfgdf !% j6f;Dd ePsf] 5,Ú pgn] eg], …;3gtf eb|sfnL uflj;sf j8f g+= !, $, * / ( sf s[ifsn] s[ifs kf7zfnf k|ljlwaf6 @% j6f;Dd ufFlhP/ cfPsf] 5 . ;ftfdf Psk6s kfgL nufP x'g] pQm k|ljlw tflnd lnP/ j}1flgs tl/sfn] v]tL ug{ yfn]sf pxfFn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . of] jif{ kl/If0f ePsfn cfufdL ;fnaf6 k'/} v]tL ul/g] j8f * sL s[ifs wgdfof bnf{dLn] hfgsf/L lbOg\ . o"P;;L g]kfnsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf k/Dk/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] ;'? s[ifs >]i7n] eGg'eof], pQm tflndaf6 cfkm\g} ;|f]t ;fwgnfO{ kl/rfng u/sf] wfgsf] ;3gtf v]tLdf Ps lj3f % lsnf] wfgsf] jLp eP k'Ug] k|fljlws sdn u/L yf]/} vr{df g} v]tL ug{ hfgsf/L kfPsf 5f}+ . s6'jfnn] atfP . * b]lv !@ lbgsf] wfgsf] lj?jf @% ;]ldsf] km/sdf /f]Kbf k/Dk/fut o"P;;L g]kfnsf lhNnf ;+of]hs lx/0oaxfb'/ l;+x pQm tflnd eGbf ufFlhP/ cfPsfn] of] v]tL nf]slk|o x'g] pgsf] bfaL 5 . kfgL w]/} nufpFbf h/fdf eb|sfnL uflj;df b'O{ 7fpFdf / a:tLk'/ uflj;df Ps 7fpFdf ;~rfng u/L clS;hgsf] dfqf sd x'g] /w]/} ufFlhP gcfpg] csf{ k|fljlws nfnaxfb'/ >]i7n] atfP . s[ifxnfO{ j}1flgs tl/sfn] v]tL ug{ l;sfPsf] atfpg'x'G5 . vfB ;xfot km'Ssf] df6f]df wfgsf aLp /fVbf km/s gkg]{ pgsf] ts{ 5 . kfgL gnfUg] :yfgdf sfo{qmd nfu' ePsf lhNnfsf eb|sfnL, cdn], a:tLk'/, tfdfhf]/, of] v]tL df}nfpg] k|fljwsx?sf] bfaL 5 . s[ifsn] eg] wfgsf] pTkfbgdf ;3tf k|ljlwsf] k/If0f x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . …of] jif{ yf]/} hldgdf k|fljlwssf] lgu/fgLdf wfg v]tL u/]sf zfGt]Zj/L, g]qsfnL, slknfsf]6, dx]Gb|em\8L, lkkndf9L / xl/x/k'/u9L 5f}+ . csL{ s[ifs ;'lgtf ljsn] elgg\, …k/Dk/fut nufPsf] wfg / o;df s'g a9L uflj;df u/L !^ j7f pQm tflnd km]l/ ;~rfng ug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf] pTkfbg x'G5 eGg] xg] { afFsL 5 . rf/j6} j8fdf s[ifsx?sf] ;d"xaf6 ;'? ul/Psf] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . cfw'lgs wfg v]tLaf6 pTkfbg a9L eP kfvf leQfdf wfgv]tL ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] s[ifs ;/:jtL >]i7sf] wf/0ff 5 . …kfgLsf] cefjdf ;dod} wfg /f]Kg gkfpg] ;d:ofdf kb}{ Wednesday, December-15, 2010, - Gorakhapatra cfPsfx?nfO{ of] k|ljlw ;km ePdf d'lQm ldNg]5,Ú pgn] ylkg\ . Tuesday, October-12, 2010, - Kantipur

31 32