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Increasing the Resilience of the Deaf Community in NSW to Natural Hazards Milestones 2 & 3 - Deaf Community Experience, Knowledge & Needs (Final Results Report)

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Increasing the Resilience of the Deaf Community in NSW to Natural Hazards Milestones 2 & 3 - Deaf Community Experience, Knowledge & Needs (Final Results Report) Increasing the resilience of the Deaf Community in NSW to natural hazards Milestones 2 & 3 - Deaf Community Experience, Knowledge & Needs (Final Results Report) Emma Calgaro, Julia Allen, Nick Craig, Leilani Craig and Dale Dominey-Howes August 2013 Deaf Community Experience, Knowledge & Needs Assessment Final Results Report - Milestones 2 & 3 Emma Calgaro1, Julia Allen1, Nick Craig1,LeilaniCraig1and Dale Dominey-Howes2 1. Australia-Pacific Natural Hazards Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney. 2. The School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney Acknowledgements This report was prepared as part of a project aimed at increasing the resilience of the Deaf Community of New South Wales to natural hazards. This report was prepared for the New South Wales State Government by: Dr. Emma Calgaro1, Julia Allen1, LeilaniCraig1, Nick Craig1, and Associate Professor Dale Dominey-Howes2 1. Australia-Pacific Natural Hazards Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney. 2. The School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney Copyright and Disclaimer © UNSW to the extent permitted by law, all rights are reserved and no part of this report covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or any means without the written permission of the original authors. Important Disclaimer The University of New South Wales advises that the information contained in this report comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, UNSW (including its staff) excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this report (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it. Enquiries should be addressed to: Associate Professor Dale Dominey-Howes, The School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney Phone: +61 2 9351 6641 Fax: +61 2 9351 2442 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] NOTE – From 15th July 2013, Dale Dominey-Howes will be located at The School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney. Front cover photo: ©Deaf Society of NSW Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... II LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................................V LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................V LIST OF BOXES .................................................................................................................. VI LIST OF ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................... VI KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS .......................................................................................... VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................X 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 2 AIMS AND METHODS .................................................................................................... 5 2.1 OVERVIEW OF METHODS ................................................................................................... 5 2.2 RESEARCH TEAM .............................................................................................................. 8 2.3 RESEARCH ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 9 2.4 RESEARCH CHALLENGES................................................................................................... 9 2.4.1 Recruitment issues ................................................................................................. 10 2.4.2 Cultural issues ........................................................................................................ 11 3 DEAF CULTURE, COMMUNICATION AND RISK ....................................................... 12 3.1 LANGUAGE USAGE .......................................................................................................... 12 3.2 DEAF CULTURE ............................................................................................................... 14 3.3 LEVEL OF CONNECTEDNESS AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS ........................................................ 15 3.4 COMMUNICATION MEDIUMS USED..................................................................................... 20 3.5 KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF HAZARDS AND RISK .................................................... 22 3.5.1 An overview of natural hazard risk perceptions and climate change in NSW .......... 24 3.5.2 Risk profile in Sydney ............................................................................................. 26 3.5.3 Risk profile of North Coast ...................................................................................... 28 3.5.4 Risk profile of New England .................................................................................... 29 3.5.5 Risk Profile of Central Coast ................................................................................... 30 3.5.6 Risk profile of Illawarra ........................................................................................... 31 3.5.7 Risk profile for Central West ................................................................................... 32 3.6 LEVELS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING .................................................................................. 33 3.7 AWARENESS OF EMERGENCY SERVICES ROLES ................................................................ 34 4 LESSONS FROM PAST EXPERIENCES ..................................................................... 37 4.1 PRE-EVENT HAZARD AWARENESS AND ACTIONS ................................................................ 38 4.2 ACTIONS TAKEN AND CHALLENGES FACED DURING HAZARD EVENTS ................................... 42 4.2.1 Communication and access to information (human capital) during the event .......... 42 4.2.2 General response challenges ................................................................................. 44 4.2.3 Access to social capital........................................................................................... 45 4.2.4 Support from the emergency services and government institutions ........................ 46 4.3 POST-EVENT ACTIONS..................................................................................................... 49 4.3.1 The role of social capital in aiding recovery ............................................................ 50 4.3.2 Access to health services and emotional support ................................................... 51 4.3.3 Institutional support ................................................................................................ 52 Increasing the resilience of the Deaf Community in NSW to natural hazards iii 4.3.4 Risk perception changes post-event ....................................................................... 53 5 KEY HAZARD RESPONSE CHALLENGES FOR DEAF PEOPLE .............................. 56 5.1 COMMUNICATION - THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE ................................................................... 56 5.1.1 Language barriers .................................................................................................. 57 5.1.2 Preparedness and response information is often not in accessible forms ............... 58 5.1.3 Telecommunication challenges ............................................................................... 59 5.1.4 Interpreter-related issues ........................................................................................ 61 5.2 SOCIO-CULTURAL CHALLENGES TO DEAF PREPAREDNESS ................................................. 61 5.2.1 Lack of deaf awareness amongst emergency services and the hearing public ....... 61 5.2.2 Balancing Deaf Community expectations with the capacity of emergency services 61 5.2.3 Strength of community & social support networks vary greatly across NSW communities ...................................................................................................................... 62 5.2.4 Passivity versus activism and empowerment .......................................................... 62 6 PREPAREDNESS SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE THE RESILIENCE OF DEAF PEOPLE64 6.1 IMPROVING ACCESS TO INFORMATION .............................................................................. 64 6.2 TELECOMMUNICATION NEEDS AND SOLUTIONS.................................................................. 67 6.2.1 Improvements in mobile and landline telephone services ....................................... 68 6.2.2 Internet, TV, TTY, and Fax ..................................................................................... 73 6.3 CAPACITY BUILDING AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIONS .............................................................. 76 6.4 STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL .......................................
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