DOCSLIB.ORG

Its and Roads in Ireland Present and Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Its and Roads in Ireland Present and Future ITS AND ROADS IN IRELAND PRESENT AND FUTURE John McCarthy – Senior Advisor, Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport (DTTAS) Department of Transport Tourism and Sport (Ireland) DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 BACKGROUND Roads in Ireland DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ROADS IN IRELAND – PRESENT Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport Oversight Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) Oversight of National Roads Local Authorities (31 Road Authorities) National Roads subject to oversight and involvement of TII, for construction and maintenance of the National Road network (National Primary and National Secondary Roads). Regional and Local Roads - Fully responsible for the administration, construction, and maintenance subject to oversight of Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport. DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ROADS IN IRELAND – PRESENT Public Road - Total - 100,000km Road Class % Length Length (m) N 5.42% 5,412,847 NP 2.72% 2,717,234 NS 2.70% 2,695,613 R 13.15% 13,124,058 R 13.15% 13,124,058 L 81.43% 81,292,961 LT 24.18% 24,138,459 LP 23.83% 23,788,815 LS 33.42% 33,365,687 Grand Total 100.00% 99,829,867 Over 2 times EU average .... DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 OVERALL CONTEXT – ROADS FUNDING GDP Industrialised Nation Average 1.03% €2,560 m Ireland (2013) 0.35% €870 m DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – PRESENT DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – PRESENT Like many other countries ITS implementation is longstanding and evolving Examples - Traffic Management - Signals & UTC - VMS - Motorway Management - Public Transport - Smart Travel Cards - Real Time Passenger Information DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – PRESENT Examples (continued) - Tolling - Electronic - Interoperability - Road Management - Asset Management - Licencing - ITS related - And many more .... DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – PRESENT - And many stakeholders - Public and Private - Local – National – International - Overall - Good deployment evolving - Occured on a needs basis - Individual examples - Historically not joined up (technically and institutionally) DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – FUTURE DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – FUTURE - New Technologies and new Possibilities - What are the needs having regard to trends and technologies? - Challenges / Trends - Increasing congenstion (traffic) - Changing Markets (expectation) - Further Deployments - Enforcement (Gardai / Police) - Speed Limit Adaption - C-ITS DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – FUTURE • Capacity / resource issues • Agencies – Not joined-up thinking… • Increased coordination and better use of resources… • Benefits not felt to full extent • Regulatory • International • EU • ITS Directive • Tolling • Data • Technology DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – FUTURE - Development of an ITS Strategy for Ireland DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – FUTURE Strategy Aims Build Capacity and opportunities for greater efficiency • Systems need to be increasingly connected • Sharing resources and infrastructure • Specialist Skills • Research and pilots Develop Implementation Plan focusing on critical areas DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – FUTURE C-ITS Considerations - Data – sensing, collection, dissemination - General public – concern over V2V and V2I communications - Legal – basis for rollout upstream - Interoperability - Challenge: Standards, for greatest coordination and maximum benefits DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – FUTURE Mobility as a Service Considerations • Evolution of users’ expectations (demand-led, or supply-led) • MaaS Alliance - pilots • Challenge: planning for a future that is unpredictable; socio-tech backdrop • Need for national and international coordination DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – FUTURE Data Considerations - Big Data – - holistic understanding - identify patterns - Informed decision-making for transport - Open Data - Ensuring access to relevant usable info - Technology progresses faster than the laws to govern its use - Challenge: find a balance keep up vs get carried away - Challenge: understanding which solutions and applications are feasible (spatial/infrastructural) and avoid ‘Ultimate Solutions’ DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS (IRELAND) EXAMPLES Example: - Shared Service Road Management Office (RMO) Local Authority Shared Service (Donegal / Cork CoCo led) Established in 2014 Current role relating to Road Licencing and Pavement Management Ensure Long Term Sustainability • Support Structure for Local Authorities such as for reporting and surveys • Builds on existing LA led collaboration Develop Knowledge, Training and Staff Skills in Local Authority sector Develop and support technology suitable for LAs Support development rollout and implementation of Pavement Management and Licencing Modular Structure - Expandable to other areas DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – EXAMPLES Intelligent Speed Adaption (Dashboard mounted) Digital Records and Maps - Asset Inventory - Consistency and Appropriateness (MapRoad - GIS and Database) Integrating and Sharing ITS DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS IN IRELAND – DATEX II DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS (IRELAND) DATEX II DATEX II well used in communications ITS Directive explicitly refers to DATEX II - Regulations 885/2013 (Truck Parking), - 886/2013 (road Safety Related Traffic Information), - 2015/962 (Real Time Traffic Information) Directive Requirements on Data Quality - Member States assess compliance of data - Impartial and independent national body competent - Ireland to use a Standards based approach (NSAI) - Certification Scheme (Similar to ISO 9000) DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS (IRELAND) TN-ITS PILOT ERTICO Based Project Implementation Plan for the Pilot TN- ITS Services The Irish Pilot study will focus on two road network scenarios; 1) National Core Network (445 km) 2) Local Authority/County-Council network (2,612 km) Maynooth University Completed March 2017 DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 ITS (IRELAND) NATIONAL ACCESS POINT ITS Directive Regulations requirement for a ‘National Access Point’ www.data.gov.ie DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 WELCOME TO DUBLIN GOOD CONFERENCE ..... John McCarthy – Senior Advisor, Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport (DTTAS) Department of Transport Tourism and Sport (Ireland) [email protected] DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 END John McCarthy – Senior Advisor, Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport (DTTAS) Department of Transport Tourism and Sport (Ireland) [email protected] DATEX II User Forum – Dublin – 13&14 September 2016 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Future Mobile Connectivity in Ireland
    Future mobile connectivity in Ireland Final report Prepared for ComReg November 2018 www.oxera.com Future mobile connectivity in Ireland Oxera Contents Executive summary 1 1 Introduction 9 2 The Irish context 11 2.1 Ireland’s mobile market and the results of the consumer experience survey 11 2.2 Demographic characteristics of Ireland 12 2.3 The Irish government’s actions to improve fixed and mobile coverage 13 2.4 Spectrum availability in Ireland 15 2.5 The EU’s decision on the use of 470–790MHz band 16 3 Future mobile connectivity services in Ireland 17 3.1 Introduction and key findings 17 3.2 Methodology 17 3.3 Identifying the use cases to include in our modelling 18 4 Methodology and key parameters used in the mobile network cost model 22 4.1 Step 1: Developing a synthetic mobile network 23 4.2 Step 2: Estimating the coverage of the synthetic mobile network in 2017 25 4.3 Step 3: Validating the estimated coverage of the synthetic mobile network 26 4.4 Step 4: Modelling the expansion of the network 27 4.5 Step 5: Defining the scenarios to be simulated 30 4.6 Step 6: Run the simulations and present the results 32 5 Results of mobile network cost modelling 33 5.1 Key features of the cost modelling analysis 33 5.2 Summary results 35 5.3 Detailed results for the main scenarios 40 5.4 Observations on increasing mobile connectivity in black spot areas 53 5.5 Observations on what the market would deliver commercially 54 6 Effectiveness of approaches to promoting mobile connectivity in other EU member states 65 Oxera Consulting LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England no.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy on the Provision of Tourist and Leisure Signage on National Roads
    NATIONAL ROADS AUTHORITY POLICY ON THE PROVISION OF TOURIST AND LEISURE SIGNAGE ON NATIONAL ROADS REVISION 1 MARCH 2011 Index Part 1: Background. ................................................................................................................... 1 Part 2: Classification of Tourist / Leisure Destinations. ........................................................... 3 2.1.1 Tourist / Leisure Attractions. ................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 Tourist / Leisure Facilities. ....................................................................................... 3 Part 3: Tourist & Leisure Signage Policy. .................................................................................. 4 3.1 Policy Objectives. ............................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Categorisation of National Roads. ................................................................................... 4 3.3 Tourist / Leisure Destinations. ......................................................................................... 5 3.3.1 Motorways and Dual Carriageways. ........................................................................ 6 3.3.2 Other National Primary Roads. ................................................................................ 7 3.3.3 National Secondary Roads. ...................................................................................... 7 3.3.4 Continuity Signage for Tourist Destinations. ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MYSTICAL IRELAND Emerald of the Atlantic
    Riding the Coastline of Ireland MYSTICAL IRELAND Emerald of the Atlantic Ireland! A country steeped in rich culture, a long history • e coastal and very picturesque Wild Atlantic Way and beautiful rolling scenery. Famous for its medieval • Conor Pass, one of the highest paved roads in Ireland towns with their unique pub atmosphere, its omnipresent cheerful music, its narrow and winding roads through • An optional ride around the historic and very scenic Ring of ancient tree alleys and along an endless coastline, Ireland Kerry is indeed the Emerald of the Atlantic. Our Mystical Ireland • Wonderful and scenic riding on small twisty roads through tour will take riders on a 12-day Adventure to the most the Wicklow Mountains interesting and scenic parts as we circumnavigate the island in a clockwise direction, starting and ending in the friendly and bustling city of Dublin. Be prepared for abso- lutely breathtaking scenery as we ride along the ‘Wild Atlan- tic Way’ and visit places like the Giant's Causeway, Clis of Moher and Ring of Kerry! But, most of all, let us show you the island's hidden gems away from the beaten tracks! Come join us for a spectacular ride and some Guinness in the pubs! Key attractions include: • Two nights in the historical and lively city of Dublin • A visit to the basalt columns at Giant’s Causeway • A walk along the top of the Clis of Moher on the Irish coast Wicklow Mountains days, Begin/End in: Dublin, Ireland June 17 - June 28, 2020 June 16 - June 27, 2021 Giant’s Causeway ITINERARY Mystical Ireland ROUTE MAP
    [Show full text]
  • NRA to Pilot New Road Type ‘2 Plus 1 Road’
    nra booklet 10/3/04 4/1/04 12:24 AM Page 2 NRA to pilot new road type ‘2 plus 1 Road’ - a positive measure towards Road safety continues to be an important issue, particularly on national safer motoring primary single carriageway roads in Ireland. Any new measures that help reduce accidents and fatalities on single carriageway roads must be further advanced. To this end, a working group comprising representatives from National Road Authority, Regional Design Offices, Local Authorities and Consultants has been researching a new road type for the last two years.The view of the group is that the 2 plus 1 Road has potential for use in Ireland because of the poor accident record/characteristics of single carriageway roads and because of the traffic volumes on much of the National Primary network. It is proposed to pilot four 2 plus 1 schemes around the country over the next few years. Typical wide two lane road (The NRA would like to thank the Swedish National Roads Authority for the use of photographs) Photomontage of typical 2 plus 1 roadway. nra booklet 10/3/04 4/1/04 12:24 AM Page 4 Safety A ‘2 plus 1 Road’ Barrier A 2 plus 1 road consists of two lanes in one Sweden has led the way in research and development direction of travel and one lane in the opposite direction. of the 2 plus 1 road type with safety barrier systems The two-lane section, which provides a safe overtaking and has constructed in excess of twenty-five such zone, alternates with a one-lane section at intervals schemes since 1998, both on green field and retrofit At of 2km approximately.The traffic streams are separated sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Forgiving-Roadsides.Pdf
    Foreword Under the Government’s Road Safety Strategy that covers the period from 2013 to 2020, Ireland is now moving towards a Safe Systems approach to road safety. The Safe Systems approach recognises that, even with an emphasis on the prevention of road collisions through better roads, education and enforcement, some collisions will inevitably occur. Roads should, therefore, be designed to expect and accommodate some degree of human error. The Safe Systems approach to road safety is built on three key concepts - Human Behaviour, Human Frailty and Forgiving Systems. The Forgiving Systems concept seeks to reduce the number of fatalities caused by run-off crashes by making roads more forgiving of driver error through the implementation of a range of safety enhancement measures. Recent studies have shown that approximately 45 per cent of fatal road crashes in the European Union are single vehicle incidents. These crashes are generally classified as run-off-road crashes, i.e. the vehicles left the road and entered the roadside. A key priority of the National Roads Authority during the period of the Road Safety Strategy is, accordingly, to implement forgiving roadsides systems that will help to reduce the incidence of run-off fatalities by ensuring that, in the event of a crash, the impact energies are below the threshold likely to produce either death or serious injury. I am confident that Forgiving Roadsides will provide a significant contribution to road safety. This will be achieved by providing drivers of errant vehicles that leave the main carriageway with adequate recovery space in the roadside in which to bring the vehicle under control, while also ensuring that, where a collision does occur in the roadside, appropriate treatments are in place to limit the impact forces on vehicle occupants to minor levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Ireland Driving Guide
    Ireland Destination Guide 13001300 656 656 601 601 1 www.autoeurope.com.auwww.autoeurope.com.au Contents Ireland’s roads bring back the joy of touring by car – so close, so easy, so much to see and do. See all that Ireland has to offer with the comfort and freedom of your own vehicle. Auto Europe have included all the information you’ll need for a self drive holiday in Ireland. From hiring a car and rules of the road to some great ideas for touring the wonderful Emerald Isle! Contents Page Renting a Car in Ireland 3 Rental Vehicle Insurance 4 Driving Rules & FAQs 5-7 Dublin 8 Self Drive Tours: Midlands Historic Houses and Castles / Coastal Route 9 Western Ireland 10 Self Drive Tours: Coast and Country Tour / Lough Derg Drive 11 Self Drive Tours: Wild Atlantic Way 12-13 Southern Ireland 14 Self Drive Tours: Surf and Turf Route / Ring of Kerry & Skellig Ring 15 Eastern Ireland 16 Self Drive Tours: The Braveheart Drive / Tour the Boyne Valley 17 Northern Ireland (UK) 18 Self Drive Tours: The Grand Tour / St. Patrick’s Tour 19 Belfast 20 Self Drive Tours: Belfast to Dublin / The Causeway Coastal Route 21 Stay Healthy & Stay Safe 22 Money Matters 23 13001300 656 656 601 601 2 www.autoeurope.com.auwww.autoeurope.com.au Renting a Car inRenting Ireland a Car in Ireland When selecting a rental vehicle, take into consideration where you will be travelling, how many people will be travelling in the vehicle, luggage size and the kind of driving you intend to do.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Title: the Pollution Potential of Road Salt on Freshwater Environments in Ireland Author: David Kelly Bsc. Academic
    Dissertation Title: The Pollution Potential of Road Salt on Freshwater Environments in Ireland Author: David Kelly BSc. Academic Year: 2013/2014 Supervisor: Dr. Frances Lucy (I.T Sligo) Submitted: July 2014 This dissertation is submitted as part fulfilment of the MSc. in Environmental Protection, Institute of Technology, Sligo Plagiarism Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation is all my own work and contains no plagiarism. Any text, diagrams or other material copied from other sources (including, but not limited to, books, journals and the internet) have been clearly acknowledged and referenced as such in the text. I also declare that the data collected for this dissertation has not been submitted to any other Institute or University for the award of any other third level qualification. Signed: Date: 7 th July 2014 Abstract Road salt or rock salt as it is sometimes known, is a commonly used de-icing material and is used throughout Ireland by local authorities (i.e. county councils), private road operators and members of the public during times of freezing weather. County councils, road authorities and private road operators apply road salt as required as part of their winter road maintenance programs. The road salt used is predominantly sodium chloride (NaCl) as it is relatively inexpensive when compared to other de-icing agents, easy to manufacture and readily available. A number of negative environmental effects and a loss in water quality have been associated with stormwater (melt water) containing dissolved road salt entering fresh waterbodies in the vicinity of roads which are de-iced with sodium chloride.
    [Show full text]
  • TII Publications: Standards for National Roads in Ireland
    TII Publications: Standards for National Roads in Ireland Albert Daly Head of Research and Standards, TII Presentation at North East Region of Engineers Ireland Edmonstown, 11 April 2019 Contents 1. Role of Transport Infrastructure Ireland in the management of the Irish road network 2. TII Publications 3. Development of standards and technical documents 4. Recent developments in TII Standards 5. Future direction STATEMENT OF STRATEGY 2018 – 2022 STATEMENT MISSION and VISION OF STRATEGY 2018 – 2022 To be leaders in the delivery and operation of transport infrastructure. To ensure that Ireland’s national To provide high quality road and light rail infrastructure is transport infrastructure and safe, sustainable and resilient, Vision Mission services, delivering a better delivering better accessibility and quality of life and mobility for people and goods. supporting economic growth To be recognised as an organisation that values its people, customers and partners. Remit relates to National Roads and Light Rail Infrastructure STATEMENT OF STRATEGY 2018 – 2022 STATEMENT OF STRATEGY 2018 – 2022 Transport Infrastructure Ireland: What we do Infrastructure & Maintenance Improvements Operations Operations Safety Tolling Winter Maintenance Motorway Service Areas Standards Strategic & Land Use Planning Environment/Archaeology Overview of responsibilities * All figures shown are provisional and subject to revisions National Roads Network Transport Infrastructure Ireland operates, maintains and improves the national primary and secondary road network
    [Show full text]
  • Western Development Commission Submission on Public Consultation
    Western Development Commission Submission on Public Consultation on the Mid-term Review of Capital Plan April 2017 Western Development Commission (WDC) Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Considerations for the Mid-Term Review of the Capital Plan (2016-2021)................................ 4 3. Prioritisation of Capital Expenditure and Selection of Projects/Programmes ............................ 7 4. Long-term Capital Investment Framework (10 years) .............................................................. 29 2 Western Development Commission (WDC) 1. Introduction The Western Development Commission (WDC) welcomes the opportunity to make a submission to the Public Consultation on the Mid-term Review of Capital Plan and regards it as a welcome opportunity to identify priorities for inclusion in the current Plan as well as considering longer-term priorities. The WDC is a statutory body established by government to promote, foster and encourage economic and social development in the Western Region. It operates under the aegis of the Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs (DAHRRGA). The WDC works in co-operation with national, regional and local bodies involved in western development to ensure that the Western Region1 maximises its full development potential. It does this by: analysing economic and social trends and making policy recommendations; promoting the Western Region through the LookWest.ie campaign; supporting the rural economy through facilitating strategic initiatives (e.g. renewable energy, creative economy, rural tourism); and providing risk capital to businesses through the WDC Investment Fund. One of the functions of the WDC is regional policy analysis. The WDC seeks to ensure that government policy reflects the needs and maximises the potential of the Western Region in such areas as capital investment in infrastructure, natural resources, enterprise and rural development.
    [Show full text]
  • The Implementation of a 2+1 Road Scheme in Ireland: a Case for Australia?
    The implementation of a 2+1 road scheme in Ireland: a case for Australia? Gazzini, E.1 1M Eng; MICE; CEng Parsons Brinckerhoff, Australia email: [email protected] Abstract This paper describes the implementation of the first greenfield “2+1” road scheme in Ireland, which opened to traffic in late 2007 as part of the pilot program launched in 2002 to implement 2+1 roads throughout Ireland. A 2+1 road is a three lane road with a median barrier between the opposing directions. The direction of flow with two lanes alternates along the route to allow defined sections of overtaking. The median barrier prevents imprudent overtaking manoeuvres into oncoming traffic, which has significant proven safety benefits at lower costs than divided carriageway construction. The policy has evolved to “2+2” type roads in Ireland, which provides additional capacity and safety benefits over single carriageway roads. Ireland’s National Development Plan (Irelands 10 year infrastructure plan), proposed that 850 kilometres of the National Primary road network would be upgraded to a 2+1 road type if the pilot was successful, equating to approximately 30% of the National Primary road network. Ireland has a large rural road network, which accounts for a significant proportion of fatalities and serious injuries, with low traffic volumes that do not justify dual carriageway construction. Some of the perceived common difficulties and drawbacks of implementing a 2+1 road system that have been found in both Ireland and Sweden (which also uses this system) are: increased crashes into the barrier and resultant high maintenance costs accommodating emergency vehicles, breakdowns and maintenance works restricted access for property owners public perception motorcyclists.
    [Show full text]
  • 2004 NRA Annual Report and Accounts
    National Roads Authority Annual Report & Accounts 2004 NATIONAL ROADS AUTHORITY ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2004 1 National Roads Authority Annual Report & Accounts 2004 2 National Roads Authority Annual Report & Accounts 2004 Ë NATIONAL ROADS AUTHORITY ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2004 3 National Roads Authority Annual Report & Accounts 2004 4 National Roads Authority Annual Report & Accounts 2004 CONTENTS CHAIRMAN’S FOREWORD i CHAPTER 1 FINANCING ROAD INVESTMENT 1 CHAPTER 2 2004 KEY ACTIVITIES & DEVELOPMENTS 7 CHAPTER 3 2005 ROADS PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES 23 CHAPTER 4 ROAD SAFETY 33 CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 41 CHAPTER 6 TRANSPORTATION 51 CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 59 CHAPTER 8 ARCHAEOLOGY 67 PROMPT PAYMENT OF ACCOUNTS ACT, 1997 75 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 77 APPENDIX 1 The National Roads Authority 101 APPENDIX 2 The Status of Road Projects end 2004 105 APPENDIX 3 Allocations to Local Authorities 2005 115 5 National Roads Authority Annual Report & Accounts 2004 6 National Roads Authority Annual Report & Accounts 2004 CHAIRMAN’S FOREWORD FROM PETER MALONE A total of 10 major schemes were completed in 2004, including the M7 Heath-Mayfield (Monasterevin Bypass) motorway scheme, the N8 Cashel Bypass and the N11 Ashford/Rathnew Bypasses. As a consequence of the completion of the M7 Heath-Mayfield (Monasterevin Bypass) motorway scheme, which was opened to traffic almost one year ahead of schedule, road users can now travel on continuous motorway/high quality dual carriageway from Dundalk on the M1 to south of Portlaoise on the M7, a distance of 170km. Similarly on the N11 Dublin/Wexford Road, the opening of the Bypasses of Ashford and Rathnew means road users can travel on over 50km of motorway/high quality dual carriageway from Donnybrook in South Dublin to beyond Rathnew in Wicklow.
    [Show full text]
  • Road Markings
    ROAD MARKINGS CHAPTER 7 August 2019 Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 7 – Road Markings Contents Page 7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................6 General ...........................................................................................................................................6 The Function Of Road Markings ....................................................................................................6 Classes Of Marking ........................................................................................................................7 Speed .............................................................................................................................................8 Legal ...............................................................................................................................................8 Materials .........................................................................................................................................8 7.2 Transverse Markings ...................................................................................................................9 Stop Line (RRM 017)......................................................................................................................9 Tram Stop Line (RRM 031) ......................................................................................................... 11 Yield Line (RRM 018) .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]