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Protistology Abstracts of V European Congress of Protistology and XI Protistology 5 (1) 991 (2007) Protistology Abstracts of V European Congress of Protistology and XI European Conference on Ciliate Biology CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSPORIDIAN sporidiosis. Finally, we have recently identified and METHIONINE AMINO PEPTIDASE TYPE 2 cloned the Enterocytozoon bieneusi MetAP2 gene, (METAP2): A THERAPEUTIC TARGET allowing studies on this noncultivatable human J. Aclvarado1, R. Upadhya2, A. Nemkal2, H. Zhang2, pathogen. Supported by NIH AI31788 and AI 069953. S. Almo1, L.M. Weiss3 1 Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461, USA; 2 Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein ABUNDANCE, DYNAMICS AND SPECIES SUC College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461, USA; 3 Departments of CESSION IN SOIL PROTISTS Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, M.S. Adl NY10461, USA. Email: [email protected] Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Canada. Microsporidia are parasites of all classes of vertebrates Email: [email protected] and most invertebrates. They have recently emerged as Soil protozoa are responsible for a significant portion important infections in various immunosuppressed of the bacterivory and cytotrophy. They also contribute patient populations. Current therapies for microspo to other trophic functional groups. According to ridiosis include benzimidazoles, which bind tubulin empirical models, soil protozoa are an important rate inhibiting microtubule assembly, and fumagilin, which regulating component of decomposition food webs. The binds and inhibit Methionine Aminopeptidase Type 2 activity of these protozoa varies with local abiotic (MetAP2). We have initiated a program to define the conditions on the short term, and there are seasonal unique structural features of microsporidian MetAP2 and succession patterns on the long term. We have using Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Ec) MetAP2. Despite shown that day to day abundance variations, in response extensive efforts using E. colibased expression systems, to weather, fluctuate by up to one thousand times. In no active/soluble material could be obtained. However, forest litter, we have shown there are successional baculovirusdriven expression in Sf9 cells yielded patterns with seasons, and with plant litter chemistry. multiple milligrams per liter of EcMetAP2. This Over longer periods, we observed increase in species material was enzymatically active and has been diversity over a 50 year chronosequence, in agriculture characterized. In addition, this material yielded fields. These fields were transferred from tillage to no structures of the native enzyme and the EcMetAP2 till management, so the soil profile was undisturbed and fumagilin complex at a 0.21 nm resolution. Residues allowed to develop. Although abundance fluctuations contacting fumagillin that are not conserved between were governed by abiotic changes, longer term suc human MetAP2 and EcMetAP2 are D256 and H210, cessional and diversity changes were correlated with and these differences give clues as how to modify fuma changes in the profile due to organic matter accumu gillin in order to enhance its specificity for EcMetAP2. lation. Similarly, postmining sites under remediation To further expedite and facilitate the discovery of safe showed similar trends of diversity changes with soil and effective MetAP2 inhibitors, we have also engine profile development. These studies are being extended ered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be dependent on at a forested site under conservation that offers several EcMetAP2 for its growth, where EcMetAP2 is harbored soil profile chronosequences. This study site allows on an episomal uracil selectable tetracycline regulated comparison of soil protozoa community structure with plasmid. By comparing yeast dependent on human and plant species composition, along with different soil microsporidian MetAP2 in these assays we are able to profiles and organic matter content, due to past land screen for new compounds for the treatment of micro use history, at the same climatic region. The aim is to © 2007 by Russia, Protistology 10 · Abstracts of V European Congress of Protistology · 2007 conduct sufficient studies to distinguish between the macronucleus fragments, it becomes surrounded by plant rhizosphere effect, the soil profile organic matter, argyrophilic vesicles (probably autophagosomes). The the mineral chemistry, as they interplay and affect soil micronucleus performs three typical maturation community structure changes on the long term. divisions. While the mates are still connected, the syn karyon divides twice: one derivative becomes a micro REDESCRIPTION OF STENOSEMELLA NIVALIS nucleus, one a macronuclear anlage, and two disinte (CILIOPHORA, SPIROTRICHA, TINTINNINA) grate. Likely, the somatic bristle rows are reduced from BASED ON LIVE OBSERVATION, PROTARGOL seven to four in each partner, i.e., the first becomes IMPREGNATION, AND SCANNING ELECTRON imperceptible on the ventral side during pair formation, MICROSCOPY the second and third when the contact of the partners S. Agatha becomes more intimate. During the second maturation University of Salzburg, Department of Organismal Biology, Salzburg, division, somatic anlagen become recognizable as in Austria. Email: [email protected] ordinary ontogenesis; their fate remains obscure. Although Stenosemella nivalis (Meunier, 1910) Kofoid During prophase I, the partners become dimorphic: the & Campbell, 1929 is widely distributed in coastal collar membranelles of the more anteriorly located waters, its cell and lorica morphology were poorly conjugant arrange around the pair's anterior end, for known. The specimens were collected in the pelagial of ming a membranellar zone for both partners; its buccal the Irish Sea near the Isle of Man during spring. The membranelles as well as the collar and buccal membra investigations comprised live observation, protargol nelles of the more posteriorly located conjugant dis impregnation, and scanning electron microscopy. × appear. Simultaneously, an oral primordium originates Lorica ~ 53 40 µm in size, amphoriform, incrustrated on the ventral side of both partners, probably generating by quartz particles, except for hyaline collar with ~ 7 only the collar membranelles. Halteria resembles the ellipsoidal windows; occasionally, with agglutinated choreotrichid ciliate Pelagostrobilidium in the inter second collar anterior to the hyaline one. Cell in × locking arrangement of the partners, while the dimor extended state ~ 55 18 µm, attached to bottom of phism and the shifting of the partners as well as the lorica by ~ 7 µm long stalk; in protargol preparations, × common membranellar zone are like those in the Sti specimens usually contracted and only 34 21 µm in chotrichida. Since data on the Oligotrichida are not size. Nuclear apparatus composed of two ellipsoidal available, the apomorphic character states are unknown. macronuclear nodules and usually two globular Study supported by the Austrian Science Foundation micronuclei. Capsules (probably extrusive organelles) (FWF; projects P17752B06 and P19699B17). in striae (beaded strands) on the collar membranelles and tentaculoids (fingerlike cytoplasmic processes) DIVERSITY OF EPIBIONT CILIATES OF VARIOUS originating from the intermembranellar ridges. Somatic ORGANIC SUBSTRATES IN MEXICO ciliary pattern is complex and comprises the right, left, M.A. AladroLubel, R. MayenEstrada, M. ReyesSantos and lateral ciliary fields, as well as the monokinetidal Laboratorio de Protozoologia, Departamento de Biologia Comparada, ventral, dikinetidal dorsal and dikinetidal posterior Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. kineties. Oral apparatus is transversely orientated at the Email: [email protected] apical cell end. Adoral zone of membranelles is closed, The total number of free living and symbiotic ciliates composed of one buccal and ~ 18 collar membranelles. reported from Mexico is 952 species. The epibiont Endoral membrane probably is of monostichomonad ciliates (106 species) represent 11.13% of the total type. Oral primordium originates in the subsurface species richness. Results are based on studies of ciliate pouch posterior to lateral ciliary field. Study supported diversity on different organic substrates during several by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF; project years using optical and scanning electron microscopy. P17752B06). On the leaves of the angiosperms Thalassia testudinum, Phyllospadix sp. (marine), Halodule beaudetti, Rhizo CONJUGATION IN HALTERIA GRANDINELLA: phora mangle roots (brackish) and freshwater plants, 77 THE MYSTERY OF ITS GENEALOGY PERSISTS species of epibiotic ciliates have been identified. On S. Agatha, W. Foissner seven species of brackish algae, 47 ciliate species have University of Salzburg, Department of Organismal Biology, Salzburg, been observed, and on filamentous freshwater algae we Austria. Email: [email protected] found seven species. The most studied invertebrate has The conjugants are isomorphic and fuse partially to a been the freshwater crustacean Cambarellus patzcuaren homopolar pair. The partners become ventrally concave, sis (a decapod), on which distribution of 28 species of obtain an interlocking arrangement, and one is shifted epibiotic ciliates has been studied. On Hyalella azteca slightly posteriorly. The pair almost achieves the size (freshwater amphipod) and other crustaceans, five and outline of the morphostatic specimen. Before the species have been reported, and on Penaeus (brackish
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