DOCSLIB.ORG

Ultrafiltration in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ultrafiltration in Water and Wastewater Treatment See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281236429 MEMBRANE IN WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT Conference Paper · February 2008 CITATION READS 1 4,946 1 author: I Gede Wenten Bandung Institute of Technology 556 PUBLICATIONS 3,524 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: [INDUSTRIAL PROJECT: GDP Filter] Vegetable Oil Processing View project [INDUSTRIAL PROJECT: GDP Filter] Virgin Coconut Oil Clarification View project All content following this page was uploaded by I Gede Wenten on 03 November 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. MEMBRANE IN WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT I G. Wenten Dept. of Chemical Engineering - Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract The use of ultrafiltration technology for water applications is a relatively recent concept, although in the beginning, it is already commonly used in many industrial applications such as food or pharmaceutical industries. Ultrafiltration is proven to be a competitive treatment compared with conventional ones. In some cases, combination of ultrafiltration with conventional process is also feasible particularly for high fouling tendency feed water or for removal of specific contaminants. Recently, ultrafiltration has been recognized as competitive pre-treatment for reverse osmosis system. A system designed with an ultrafiltration as pre-treatment prior to reverse osmosis system has been referred to as an Integrated Membrane System (IMS). The application of IMS is a must for sites require very extensive conventional pre-treatment or where wide fluctuation of raw water quality is expected. However, the UF design was generally dismissed as commercial alternative to conventional filtration due to its high membrane cost. Nevertheless, today, the UF membrane price has gone far down, even below conventional treatment system with the new coming Asian membrane industries. Therefore, there is no doubt, UF is now becoming a competitive pretreatment system for RO in a wide range of raw water quality. Meanwhile, the application of membrane to replace secondary clarifier of conventional activated sludge, known as membrane bioreactor (MBR), has also led to a small footprint size of treatment with excellent effluent quality. The use of MBR eliminates almost all disadvantages encountered in conventional wastewater treatment plant such as low biomass concentration and washout of fine suspended solids. Today, there are more than 1000 installations of MBR all over the world. However, fouling still become a main drawback. To minimize membrane fouling, a new configuration of submerged membrane bioreactor for aerobic industrial wastewater treatment has been developed. In this configuration, a bed of porous particle is applied to cover the submerged ends-free mounted ultrafiltration membrane into which a new configuration is made. Membrane performance was assessed based on flux productivity and selectivity. A reasonably high and stable flux around 11 l/m2.h was achieved with COD removal efficiency of more than 99% from wastewater containing high organic matter. The fouling analysis also show that this newly configured ends-free membrane bioreactor exhibit lower irreversible resistance compared with the submerged one. The performance of pilot scale system, with 10 m2 membrane area in a 120 L tank volume, was also studied. The resulting flux from the pilot scale system is around 8 l/m2.h with COD removal of more than 99%. Hence, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of the newly configured submerged ends-free MBR at larger scale. I. INTRODUCTION Membrane can be described as a thin layer of material that is capable of separating materials as a function of their physical and chemical properties when a driving force is applied across the membranes. Physically membrane could be solid or liquid. In membrane separation processes, the feed is separated into a stream that goes through the membrane, i.e., the permeate and a fraction of feed that does not go through the membrane, i.e., the retentate or the concentrate. A membrane process then allows selective and controlled transfer of one species from one bulk phase to another bulk phase separated by the membrane. The major breakthrough in the development of membrane technology was recorded in the late of 1950s. However, industrial application was just started ten years later, by the application of thin layer asymmetric cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membrane for seawater desalination. Membrane process can be classified in many ways, i.e., based on its nature, structure, or driving force. Hydrostatic pressure differences are used in microfiltration (MF), and nanofiltration (NF), as well as reverse osmosis (RO) and gas separation (GS) as driving force for the mass transport through the membrane. Ultrafiltration (UF) as the main topic in this paper is also one of the membrane process based on pressure difference as its driving force. Ultrafiltration in its ideal definition as mentioned by Cheryan [1] is a fractionation technique that can simultaneously concentrate macromolecules or colloidal substances in process stream. Ultrafiltration can be considered as a method for simultaneously purifying, concentrating, and fractionating macromolecules or fine colloidal suspensions. In the beginning, most application of ultrafiltration is in medical sector, i.e., kidney dialysis operations. Nowadays, ultrafiltration is applied in wide variety of fields, from food and beverage industries to chemical industries. Water and wastewater treatment are also the potential field of ultrafiltration application. Today, UF technology is being used worldwide for treating various water sources. The use of UF technology for municipal drinking water applications is a relatively recent concept, although as mentioned before, it is commonly used in many industrial applications such as food or pharmaceutical industries [2]. The recent global increase in the use of membranes in water application is attributed to several factors, i.e., increased regulatory pressure to provide better treatment for water, increased demand for water requiring exploitation of water resources of lower quality than those relied upon previously, and market forces surrounding the development and commercialization of the membrane technologies as well as the water industries themselves [3]. In this paper, the application of ultrafiltration in water treatment, the system design, and its performance as pre-treatment for reverse osmosis system are presented. II. ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE Ultrafiltration membranes can be made from both organic (polymer) and inorganic materials. There are several polymers and other materials used for the manufacture of UF membrane. The choice of a given polymer as a membrane material is based on very specific properties such as molecular weight, chain flexibility, chain interaction, etc. Some of these materials are polysulfone, polyethersulfone, sulfonated polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, cellulosics, polyimide, polyetherimide, aliphatic polyamides, and polyetherketone. Inorganic materials have also been used such as alumina and zirconia [4]. The structure of UF membrane can be symmetric or asymmetric. The thickness of symmetric membran (porous or nonporous) is range from 10 to 200 m. The resistance to mass transfer is determined by the total membrane thickness. A decrease in membrane thickness results in an increased permeation rate. Ultrafiltration membranes have an asymmetric structure, which consist of very dense toplayer or skin with thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 m supported by a porous sublayer with a thickness of about 50 to 150 m. These membranes combine the high selectivity of a dense membrane with the high permeation rate of a very thin membrane. The resistance to mass transfer is determined largely or completely by thin toplayer. In porous membranes, the dimension of the pore mainly determines the separation characteristics. The type of membrane material is important for chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability but, in most cases, not for flux and rejection. Therefore, the aim of membrane preparation is to modify the material by means of an appropriate technique to obtain a membrane structure with morphology suitable for a specific separation. The most important techniques are sintering, stretching, track-etching, phase-inversion, sol-gel process, vapour deposition, and solution coating. However, the technique usually use for the preparation of UF membrane is mainly phase-inversion and sol-gel process. Characterisation method of porous membranes can be performed based on structure-related parameters (determination of pore size, pore size distribution, top layer thickness, surface porosity) and permeation-related parameters (cut-off measurements) [4]. The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) is a specification used by membrane suppliers to describe the retention capabilities of UF membrane, and it refers to the molecular mass of a macrosolute (typically polyethylene glycol, dextran, protein) for which the membrane has a retention capability greater than 90%. The MWCO can therefore be regarded as a measure of membrane pore dimensions [5]. UF covers particles and molecules that range from about 1000 in molecular weight to about 500,000 Daltons [6]. Other techniques beside cut- off measurements for characterising UF membranes are thermoporometry,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration, Second Edition
    Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration AWWA MANUAL M46 Second Edition Science and Technology AWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. Copyright © 2007 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. Contents List of Figures, v List of Tables, ix Preface, xi Acknowledgments, xiii Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 Overview, 1 RO and NF Membrane Applications, 7 Membrane Materials and Configurations, 12 References, 18 Chapter 2 Process Design . 21 Source Water Supply, 21 Pretreatment, 26 Membrane Process Theory, 45 Rating RO and NF Elements, 51 Posttreatment, 59 References, 60 Chapter 3 Facility Design and Construction . 63 Raw Water Intake Facilities, 63 Discharge, 77 Suspended Solids and Silt Removal Facilities, 80 RO and NF Systems, 92 Hydraulic Turbochargers, 95 Posttreatment Systems, 101 Ancillary Equipment and Facilities, 107 Instrumentation and Control Systems, 110 Waste Stream Management Facilities, 116 Other Concentrate Management Alternatives, 135 Disposal Alternatives for Waste Pretreatment Filter Backwash Water, 138 General Treatment Plant Design Fundamentals, 139 Plant Site Location and Layout, 139 General Plant Layout Considerations, 139 Membrane System Layout Considerations, 140 Facility Construction and Equipment Installation, 144 General Guidelines for Equipment Installation, 144 Treatment Costs, 151 References, 162 iii Copyright © 2007 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 4 Operations and Maintenance . 165 Introduction, 165 Process Monitoring, 168 Biological Monitoring, 182 Chemical Cleaning, 183 Mechanical Integrity, 186 Instrumentation Calibration, 188 Safety, 190 Appendix A SI Equivalent Units Conversion Tables .
    [Show full text]
  • Electrocoagulation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: an Innovative Combination to Enhance Water Quality and Reduce Fouling in Integrated Membrane Systems
    Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Report No. 139 Electrocoagulation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: An Innovative Combination to Enhance Water Quality and Reduce Fouling in Integrated Membrane Systems University of Houston U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Denver, Colorado September 2007 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 2. REPORT TYPE 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) Final September 2007 October 2005 – September 2007 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Electrocoagulation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: An Innovative Combination Agreement No. 05-FC-81-1172 to Enhance Water Quality and Reduce Fouling in Integrated Membrane Systems 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Shankar Chellam, Principal Investigator Dennis A.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystallization of Oxytetracycline from Fermentation Waste Liquor: Influence of Biopolymer Impurities
    Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 279 (2004) 100–108 www.elsevier.com/locate/jcis Crystallization of oxytetracycline from fermentation waste liquor: influence of biopolymer impurities Shi-zhong Li a,1, Xiao-yan Li a,∗, Dianzuo Wang b a Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China b Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing 100038, China Received 28 January 2004; accepted 17 June 2004 Available online 29 July 2004 Abstract Organic impurities in the fermentation broth of antibiotic production impose great difficulties in the crystallization and recovery of antibi- otics from the concentrated waste liquor. In the present laboratory study, the inhibitory effect of biopolymers on antibiotic crystallization was investigated using oxytetracycline (OTC) as the model antibiotic. Organic impurities separated from actual OTC fermentation waste liquor by ultrafiltration were dosed into a pure OTC solution at various concentrations. The results demonstrated that small organic molecules with an apparent molecular weight (AMW) of below 10,000 Da did not affect OTC crystallization significantly. However, large biopolymers, especially polysaccharides, in the fermentation waste caused severe retardation of crystal growth and considerable deterioration in the pu- rity of the OTC crystallized. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that OTC nuclei formed in the solution attached to the surfaces of large organic molecules, probably polysaccharides, instead of being surrounded by proteins as previously thought. It is proposed that the attachment of OTC nuclei to biopolymers would prevent OTC from rapid crystallization, resulting in a high OTC residue in the aqueous phase. In addition, the adsorption of OTC clusters onto biopolymers would destabilize the colloidal system of organic macromolecules and promote particle flocculation.
    [Show full text]
  • Microfiltration of Cutting-Oil Emulsions Enhanced by Electrocoagulation
    This article was downloaded by: [Faculty of Chemical Eng & Tech], [Krešimir Košutić] On: 30 April 2015, At: 03:13 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Desalination and Water Treatment Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tdwt20 Microfiltration of cutting-oil emulsions enhanced by electrocoagulation b a a b Janja Križan Milić , Emil Dražević , Krešimir Košutić & Marjana Simonič a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Tel. +385 1 459 7240 b Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Water Treatment, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia Published online: 30 Apr 2015. Click for updates To cite this article: Janja Križan Milić, Emil Dražević, Krešimir Košutić & Marjana Simonič (2015): Microfiltration of cutting-oil emulsions enhanced by electrocoagulation, Desalination and Water Treatment, DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1042067 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1042067 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis.
    [Show full text]
  • Particle Separation and Fractionation by Microfiltration
    Particle separation and fractionation by microfiltration Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. R.M. Boom Hoogleraar Levensmiddelenproceskunde, Wageningen Universiteit Copromotoren: Dr. Ir. C.G.P.H. Schro¨en Universitair docent, sectie Proceskunde, Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. R.G.M. van der Sman Universitair docent, sectie Proceskunde, Wageningen Universiteit Promotiecommissie: Prof. Dr. Ir. J.A.M. Kuipers Universiteit Twente Prof. Dr. Ir. M. Wessling Universiteit Twente Dr. Ir. A. van der Padt Royal Friesland Foods Prof. Dr. M.A. Cohen Stuart Wageningen Universiteit Janneke Kromkamp Particle separation and fractionation by microfiltration Scheiding en fractionering van deeltjes middels microfiltratie Proefschrift Ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, Prof.dr. M.J. Kropff, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 6 september 2005 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula. Particle separation and fractionation by microfiltration Janneke Kromkamp Thesis Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 2005 - with Dutch summary ISBN: 90-8504-239-9 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Membrane filtration 2 1.2 Microfiltration 2 1.3 Mass transport 5 1.4 Shear-induced diffusion 7 1.5 Research aim and outline 9 2 Lattice Boltzmann simulation of 2D and 3D non-Brownian suspensions in Couette flow 13 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Computer simulation method 15 2.2.1 Simulation of the fluid 15 2.2.2 Fluid-particle interactions 17 2.2.3 Accuracy of particle representation and particle-particle interactions 18 2.3 Single and pair particles
    [Show full text]
  • Review and Cost Analysis of Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration
    Review and cost analysis of reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration A Senior Project presented to Dr. Bruce Golden of Dairy Science California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Dairy Science by Jared De Groot March, 2013 © 2013 Abstract The aim in this study was to determine whether implementing an on farm ultrafiltration system was profitable. Ultrafiltration was researched to reduce the amount of milk hauled from producer to processor. An ultrafiltration system involved milk that flowed through a semi-permeable membrane. Through this process water and small amounts of calcium and ash were pressured through the semi-permeable membrane. This permeate would then be able to feed heifers. The protein, fat, solids nonfat, and small amounts of calcium and ash were retained by the membrane. Through the process of ultrafiltration, raw milk was concentrated to three times its original concentration. With the use of ultrafiltration, the dairyman would need to one load of ultrafiltration milk instead of three loads of raw milk. The reduction in the cost of milk hauled and the feed presented to the heifers were the advantages in ultrafiltration. With the saved money on hauling and feeding of heifers, the initial costs of the system and the annual maintenance cost of the system exceed the benefits if implemented on De Groot Dairies. For the on farm ultrafiltration system to break even in ten years, the producer would need to be paid an additional $1.05 /cwt of retentate. This price included the reduced hauling cost and the money saved on the heifer ration.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring Microfiltration Processes for Water Treatment Quantifying Nanoparticle Concentration and Size to Optimize Filtration Processes
    APPLICATION NOTE Monitoring Microfiltration Processes for Water Treatment Quantifying Nanoparticle Concentration and Size to Optimize Filtration Processes PARTICLE Introduction CONCENTRATION With the increasing demands on water supplies and tighter regulations, much PARTICLE SIZE research is being done in to water treatment processes. Subjects of study include improving processes to allow treated water to be used in secondary applications, optimizing filtration processes to remove biological contaminants and reduce membrane fouling, monitoring filter breakthrough to minimize maintenance requirements or contamination, and verifying ability to remove the increasing load of nano-particulates in the waste water stream. Due to the massive quantities processed, even small improvements in process performance and efficiency have a large impact on resulting water quality and energy consumption. Numerous technologies exist for monitoring particle size and concentration in the micron size range, but Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is a unique technology that provides greater insight into the sub-micron size range that is so important to many of these advanced water treatment processes. Detecting and Counting Particles Both Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and NTA measure the Brownian motion of nanoparticles whose speed of motion, or diffusion coefficient (Dt), is related to particle size through the Stokes-Einstein equation. In NTA, laser light scatters from particles in suspension and a video camera captures the images of those particles moving under Brownian motion. By tracking and quantifying the particles’ diffusion, the particle diameter can be determined through the Stokes-Einstein equation. The direct view of the Malvern Instruments Worldwide Sales and service centres in over 65 countries www.malvern.com/contact ©2016 Malvern Instruments Limited APPLICATION NOTE sample also allows visual inspection of the sample for an additional qualitative confirmation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitigation of Membrane Fouling in Microfiltration
    MITIGATION OF MEMBRANE FOULING IN MICROFILTRATION & ULTRAFILTRATION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE EFFLUENT FOR WATER REUSE A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Sy Thuy Nguyen Bachelor of Engineering (Chemical), RMIT University, Melbourne School of Civil, Environmental & Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia December 2012 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that: the work presented in this thesis is my own work except where due acknowledgement has been made; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program Signed by Sy T. Nguyen ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank Prof. Felicity Roddick, my senior supervisor, for giving me the opportunity to do a PhD in water science and technology and her scientific input in every stage of this work. I am also grateful to Dr John Harris and Dr Linhua Fan, my co-supervisors, for their ponderable advice and positive criticisms. The Australian Research Council (ARC) and RMIT University are acknowledged for providing the funding and research facilities to make this project and thesis possible. I also wish to thank the staff of the School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, the Department of Applied Physics and the Department of Applied Chemistry, RMIT University, for the valuable academic, administrative and technical assistance. Lastly, my parents are thanked for the encouragement and support I most needed during the time this research was carried out.
    [Show full text]
  • Sartorius Ultrafiltration and Protein Purification Products Brochure
    Ultrafiltration & Protein Purification Products Fisher Scientific Contents General Information General Information Protein Purification Major Uses for Ultrafiltration 4 Vivapure® Ion Exchange Protein Purification Products 52 Process Alternatives 5 Vivawell Vac Vacuum Manifold Membrane Characteristics 6 Systems 55 Membrane Selection 7 Vivawell Vac 8-strip plate 57 Protein Concentration Vivapure® mini & maxiprep Purification Kits 59 Centrifugal Filtration Protein Concentration Vivapure® mini|maxiprep Protein Vivaspin 500 8 A & G Spin Columns 60 24-Well Ultrafiltration Frame 10 Vivapure® mini|maxiprep MC Spin Vivaspin 2 12 Columns 62 Centrisart I 15 Vivaspin 4 18 Vivapure Anti-HSA/IgG Kits 64 Vivaspin 6 20 Vivapure C18 65 Vivaspin 15 22 Vivaspin 15R 24 Virus Purification and Concentration Vivaspin 20 26 Vivaclear 29 Vivapure® Virus Purification and Concentration Kits 66 Pressure-Fugation DNA Concentration Vivacell 70 30 Adenovirus Purification with Vivacell 100 33 AdenoPACK Kits 67 Vivapure® AdenoPACK 20 68 Gas Pressure Filtration Vivapure® AdenoPACK 100 69 Vivacell 250 36 Vivapure® AdenoPACK 500 71 Tangential Flow Filtration Lentivirus Purification with Vivaflow 50 38 LentiSELECT Kit 73 Vivaflow 200 40 Vivapure® LentiSELECT 40 74 Solvent Adsorption Vivapore 2, 5, 10|20 43 Vivapure® LentiSELECT 500 75 Protein Purification Ultrafiltration Membrane Discs 45 Vivapure® LentiSELECT 1000 76 DNA Concentration Application Notes 77 Vivacon® 500 47 1. Desalting and Buffer Exchange with Vivaspin Centrifugal Concentrators 79 Vivacon® 250 2. Treatment
    [Show full text]
  • Membrane Technology and Applications, 2Nd Edition
    MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SECOND EDITION Richard W. Baker Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. Menlo Park, California MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SECOND EDITION Richard W. Baker Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. Menlo Park, California First Edition published by McGraw-Hill, 2000. ISBN: 0 07 135440 9 Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling of Filtration Processes—Microfiltration and Depth Filtration for Harvest of a Therapeutic Protein Expressed in Pichia Pastoris at Constant Pressure
    Bioengineering 2014, 1, 260-277; doi:10.3390/bioengineering1040260 OPEN ACCESS bioengineering ISSN 2306-5354 www.mdpi.com/journal/bioengineering Article Modeling of Filtration Processes—Microfiltration and Depth Filtration for Harvest of a Therapeutic Protein Expressed in Pichia pastoris at Constant Pressure Muthukumar Sampath, Anupam Shukla and Anurag S. Rathore * Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-96-5077-0650. External Editor: Christoph Herwig Received: 20 October 2014; in revised form: 28 November 2014 / Accepted: 3 December 2014 / Published: 8 December 2014 Abstract: Filtration steps are ubiquitous in biotech processes due to the simplicity of operation, ease of scalability and the myriad of operations that they can be used for. Microfiltration, depth filtration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration are some of the most commonly used biotech unit operations. For clean feed streams, when fouling is minimal, scaling of these unit operations is performed linearly based on the filter area per unit volume of feed stream. However, for cases when considerable fouling occurs, such as the case of harvesting a therapeutic product expressed in Pichia pastoris, linear scaling may not be possible and current industrial practices involve use of 20–30% excess filter area over and above the calculated filter area to account for the uncertainty in scaling. In view of the fact that filters used for harvest are likely to have a very limited lifetime, this oversizing of the filters can add considerable cost of goods for the manufacturer. Modeling offers a way out of this conundrum.
    [Show full text]
  • Microfiltration Membranes for the Laboratory
    Millipore offers a complete selection of filter holders to match any application. • Glass, stainless steel or plastic formats • Compatible with most chemicals ProductData Sheet Selection Guide • Diameters from 13 mm to 293 mm to suit a wide range of volumes Microfiltration Membranes for the • Visit www.millipore.com for more information on filter Laboratory holders and accessories www.millipore.com/offices Millipore, Durapore, Multiscreen, Ultrafree, Millex, Steriflip, Stericup are registered trademarks of Millipore Corporation The M mark, Advancing Life Sciences Together, Fluoropore, Mitex, Omnip- FSC Logo Here ore, Isopore, Express, Solvinert are trademarks of Millipore Corporation Lit. No. DS2194EN00 Rev. - 05/09 BS-GEN-09-01826 Printed in U.S.A. © 2009 Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA 01821 U.S.A. All rights reserved. Millipore’s expert team of scientists understands the complexity of collection, separation and purification processes and supports your most difficult challenges in life science, environmental and industrial research. Choosing the proper membrane device Membrane Selection for Mobile Phase Preparation: Chemical Compatibility for your laboratory process is an SoLventS Diluent Buffers important first step in any successful MoBiLe PhaSe Sample Modifiers analysis. To help you identify the filtra- 10 mM 50 mM Membrane 2% Fomic 0.1% Phosphate 50 mM ammonium tion device best suited to your specific Material Meoh Water aCn iPa DMSo DMF acid tea Buffer ammonia 0.1% tFa acetate application we created a this handy PtFe Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q membrane selection guide that will help PvDF Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q you choose the Millipore® membrane PeS that will provide you with the highest Q Q Q Q Q N N Q Q Q Q N quality, consistent results from down- nYLon N Q Q N Q Q Q Q Q N Q Q stream analyses.
    [Show full text]