Lok Sabha ------Bulletin Part – Ii
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Chapter 43 Electoral Statistics
CHAPTER 43 ELECTORAL STATISTICS 43.1 India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the Government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency. Elections are conducted according to the constitutional provisions, supplemented by laws made by Parliament. The major laws are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of conduct of elections and post election disputes. 43.2 The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, quasi-judiciary constitutional body of India. Its mission is to conduct free and fair elections in India. It was established on 25 January, 1950 under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. Since establishment of Election Commission of India, free and fair elections have been held at regular intervals as per the principles enshrined in the Constitution, Electoral Laws and System. The Constitution of India has vested in the Election Commission of India the superintendence, direction and control of the entire process for conduct of elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and to the offices of President and Vice- President of India. The Election Commission is headed by the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. There was just one Chief Election Commissioner till October, 1989. In 1989, two Election Commissioners were appointed, but were removed again in January 1990. -
RAJYA SABHA Parliamentary Bulletin PART-II
RAJYA SABHA Parliamentary Bulletin PART-II Nos.61058-61061] WEDNESDAY, JULY 28, 2021 No.61058 Library and Reference Unit, LARRDIS Providing Round-the-Clock Research and Information Support to Members of Parliament A dedicated Unit namely, Parliamentary Research and Information Support to Members (PRISM) has been providing Round-the-Clock Research and Information support to the Members of Parliament. Designated Officers of the Unit are attending to the queries of Hon’ble Members and providing them the desired research input(s) at the earliest possible time. Hon’ble Members are requested to call at Tel. nos. 23034654 and 23794236 or Mobile No. 9711623767 (Whatsapp) or mail at [email protected] or [email protected] to avail the facility. Kind cooperation of Hon’ble Members is solicited. –––––––––––– No.61059 Library and Reference Unit, LARRDIS Deposit of archival/historical material in Parliament Museum & Archives. Books and Photographs are available in Parliament Museum & Archives for reference The Parliament Museum & Archives undertakes acquisition, storage and preservation of precious records, historical documents and articles connected with the origin, growth and functioning of parliamentary institutions and the Constitution of India. These objects, which are part of our national heritage are collected, scientifically treated and preserved for the benefit of posterity. Hon’ble Members are requested to consider depositing material which they have in their possession like Private correspondence, Notes, Articles, records, Manuscripts, Speeches, Memoirs, Diaries, Relics, Art pieces, Mementos, Personal belongings and collections, Paintings, Photographs or any other material of archival/historical value connected with their career and activities as Parliamentarians and freedom fighters, in the Parliament Museum & Archives, 2 FB-094, Parliament Library Building (Tel. -
No. 17. Parliamentary Committee.Pmd
PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES The work done by the Parliament in modern times is not only varied in nature, but considerable in volume. The time at its disposal is limited. It cannot, therefore, give close consideration to all the legislative and other matters that come up before it. A good deal of its business is, therefore, transacted in Committees of the House, known as Parliamentary Committees. 2. The origin of Committee system in India can be traced back to the Constitutional Reforms of 1919. The Standing Orders of the Central Legislative Assembly provided for a Committee on Petitions relating to Bills, Select Committee on Amendments of Standing Orders, and Select Committee on Bills. There was also a provision for a Public Accounts Committee and a Joint Committee on a Bill. Apart from Committees of the Legislative Assembly, members of both Houses of the Central Legislature also served on the Standing Advisory Committees attached to various Departments of the Government of India. All these Committees were purely advisory in character and functioned under the control of the Government with the Minister-in-charge of the Department acting as the Chairperson of the Committee. 1 3. A Parliamentary Committee means a Committee which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker and which works under the direction of the Speaker and presents its report to the House or to the Speaker and the Secretariat for which is provided by the Lok Sabha Secretariat. 4. Parliamentary Committees are of two types: Standing Committees and Ad -
Dissolution of the Lok Sabha
DISSOLUTION OF THE LOK SABHA Tanusri Prasanna* Introduction The dissolution of the twelfth Lok Sabha on the twenty sixth day of April, 1999, by the President Mr. K.R. Narayanan, and the role of the latter in the intense political decision making preceding the same, have thrown open afresh the debate as to the exact role of the President as envisaged in the Constitution in the matter of dissolution. This paper attempts to analyse this issue in light of various controversial views on the subject. Pre-independence constitutional debates in India were influenced by two models of democratic government: the British Parliamentary system, and the Presidential system of the United States. In the final analysis the British model being closer home, "every instalment of constitutional reform was regarded as a step towards the establishment of a democratic and responsible government as it functioned in Britain."' Thus, it is widely accepted by various scholars that the founding fathers of the Constitution had opted for the parliamentary system of government. Working on this premise, the concepts such as executive decision making as well as delineating limits and laying a system of checks and balances on the different wings of the government as provided by the inherent federal structure, have been debated over and over again. However, when the Constitution actually came into force, a reading of its provisions sparked off a new line of thought as to the very nature of government, and the Presidential model of the United States which had been earlier rejected was now compared and contrasted.2 These discussions and debates were mainly concerned with the respective powers of the President and the Prime minister in the Constitution and in cases where both entities were strong the clash of opinions was soon recognised. -
Lok Sabha Secretariat New Delhi
PARLIAMENTARY MUSEUM AND ARCHIVES LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI Deposit of archival/historical material in Parliament Museum & Archives and Archival books and Photographs available in Parliamentary Museum & Archives. The Parliamentary Museum & Archives undertakes acquisition, storage and preservation of precious records, historical documents and articles connected with the origin, growth and functioning of parliamentary institutions and the Constitution in India. It is felt that these objects, which are part of our national heritage are collected, scientifically treated and preserved for the benefit of posterity. Members are requested to consider depositing material which they have in their possession like Private correspondence, Notes, Articles, Records, Manuscripts, Speeches, Memoirs, Diaries, Relics, Art pieces, Mementos, Personal belongings and collections, Paintings, Photographs or any other material of archival/historical value connected with their career and activities as Parliamentarians and freedom fighters, in the Parliamentary Museum & Archives, FB-094, Parliament Library Building (Tel. No. 23034131, 23034017, Fax No. 23035326) for permanent preservation and display. The material will enrich the Parliamentary Museum & Archives and be useful for research work. If desired, the material received would be returned after making necessary copies. Any secretarial assistance in sorting out and listing the material will be made available to them. The Parliamentary Museum and Archives have 724 books on Members of Parliament. Members who are desirous of consulting these books may contact the PMA. The Photo Archives too has a collection of 19,000 Photographs of Members of Parliament from First to 15th Lok Sabha. All these Photographs have been digitized and can be retrieved with a click of mouse with help of keywords through software available in the branch. -
The European Parliament and Environmental Legislation: the Case of Chemicals
European Journal of Political Research 36: 119–154, 1999. 119 © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. The European Parliament and environmental legislation: The case of chemicals GEORGE TSEBELIS & ANASTASSIOS KALANDRAKIS University of California, Los Angeles, USA Abstract. The paper studies the impact of the EP on legislation on chemical pollutants in- troduced under the Cooperation procedure. A series of formal and informal analyses have predicted from significant impact of the EP, to limited impact (only in the second round) to no impact at all. Through the analysis of Parliamentary debates as well as Commission and Parliamentary committee documents, we are able to assess the significance of different amendments, as well as the degree to which they were introduced in the final decision of the Council. Our analysis indicates first that less than 30% of EP amendments are insignificant, while 15% are important or very important; second, that the probability of acceptance of an amendment is the same regardless of its significance. Further analysis indicates two sources of bias of aggregate EP statistics: several amendments are complementary (deal with the same issue in different places of the legal document), and a series of amendments that are rejected as inadmissible (because they violate the legal basis of the document or the germainess require- ment) are included in subsequent pieces of legislation. We calculate the effect of these biases in our sample, and find that official statistics underestimate Parliamentary influence by more than 6 percentage points (49% instead of 56% in our sample). Finally, we compare a series of observed strategic behaviors of different actors (rapporteurs, committees, floor, Commission) to different expectations generated by the literature. -
Lok Sabha Adjourned Sine Die
LOKSABHA ----------------- BULLETIN PART – II (General Information relating to Parliamentary and other matters) No.2467-2471 [Thursday, March 25, 2021/Chaitra 04, 1943 (Saka) No.2467 Table Office LOK SABHA ADJOURNED SINE DIE Lok Sabha adjourned sine die, the 25th March, 2021. ** No.2468 PRISM (LARRDIS) Providing Round-the-Clock Research and Information Support to Members of Parliament A dedicated Unit namely, Parliamentary Research and Information Support to Members (PRISM) has been providing Round-the-Clock Research and Information support to the Members of Parliament. Designated Officers of the Unit are attending to the queries of Hon’ble Members and providing them the desired research input(s) at the earliest possible time. Hon’ble Members are requested to call at Tel. nos. 23034654 and 23794236 or Mobile No. 9711623767 or mail at [email protected] to avail the facility. ** No.2469 Parliament Museum & Archives Deposit of archival/historical material in Parliamentary Museum & Archives. Books and Photographs are available in Parliamentary Museum & Archives for reference. The Parliamentary Museum & Archives undertakes acquisition, storage and preservation of precious records, historical documents and articles connected with the origin, growth and functioning of parliamentary institutions and the Constitution of India. These objects, which are part of our national heritage, are collected, scientifically treated and preserved for the benefit of posterity. 2. Members are requested to consider depositing material which they have in their possession like Private correspondence, Notes, Articles, records, Manuscripts, Speeches, Memoirs, Diaries, Relics, Art pieces, Mementos, Personal belongings and collections, Paintings, Photographs or any other material of archival/historical value connected with their career and activities as Parliamentarians and freedom fighters, in the Parliamentary Museum & Archives, FB-094 and FB-096, Parliament Library Building (Tel. -
Indian Parliament LARRDIS (L.C.)/2012
he TIndian Parliament LARRDIS (L.C.)/2012 © 2012 Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi Published under Rule 382 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha (Fourteenth Edition). LARRDIS (L.C.)/2012 he © 2012 Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi TIndian Parliament Editor T. K. Viswanathan Secretary-General Lok Sabha Published under Rule 382 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha (Fourteenth Edition). Lok Sabha Secretariat New Delhi Foreword In the over six decades that our Parliament has served its exalted purpose, it has witnessed India change from a feudally administered colony to a liberal democracy that is today the world's largest and also the most diverse. For not only has it been the country's supreme legislative body it has also ensured that the individual rights of each and every citizen of India remain inviolable. Like the Parliament building itself, power as configured by our Constitution radiates out from this supreme body of people's representatives. The Parliament represents the highest aspirations of the people, their desire to seek for themselves a better life. dignity, social equity and a sense of pride in belonging to a nation, a civilization that has always valued deliberation and contemplation over war and aggression. Democracy. as we understand it, derives its moral strength from the principle of Ahimsa or non-violence. In it is implicit the right of every Indian, rich or poor, mighty or humble, male or female to be heard. The Parliament, as we know, is the highest law making body. It also exercises complete budgetary control as it approves and monitors expenditure. -
The Icelandic Federalist Papers
The Icelandic Federalist Papers No. 16: The Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles To the People of Iceland: Before examining the republican character of the new plan, it is first necessary to explain the meanings of the terms and their relevance to the standards fixed in Iceland. The term republic originates from Latin “res publica,” “the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic,” liter- ally res publica “public interest, the state,” from res “affair, matter, thing” combined with publi- ca, feminine of publicus or “public.”1 From a constitutional perspective, a republic is a country in which the head of state’s position is not hereditary.2 The president (or other chief executive) may be elected, appointed, or nominated to exercise the head of state position. This concept is the opposite of a kingdom, in which a monarch exercises power because of filiation. Historically, the term “republic” was first used in ancient Rome and thereafter where power was not exercised by a royal family, as for example in the case of Venice. The term may refer to a system that is neither monarchical nor imperial. A republic does not necessarily mean democracy since the president may be designated through authority; there are many examples of undemocratic republics among Latin American dictatorships or in the former USSR. The founda- tions of a republic are based on a will, a desire to represent the social body. It also has a norma- tive meaning connected to a judgment of values and the possibility for people to exercise their sovereignty. Even though the idea of both democracy and constitutional government emerged in Athens, the first known city republic took shape around 506 BC in India where, for the first time, a ruler was elected. -
11 Political Science- Legislature- PPT.Pdf
LEGISLATURE WHY DO WE NEED A PARLIAMENT? *************************** *************************** • Law making is the main • The parliament is the open function of legislature, in forum of debate. modern democracies it is the main source of law. • It is the most representative of all organs of government. • In representative form of democracies the legislatures • The parliament is vested helps the people in holding with the power to choose the representatives and dismiss the accountable. government. • In parliamentary form of • Above all it is the centre of government the legislature all democratic and political controls the cabinet. process. Legislature • BICAMERAL • UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE LEGISLATURE • A legislature having • A legislature having two houses is called only one house is bicameral called unicameral legislature. legislature. • Eg. India,USA • Eg.UK MERITS & DEMERITS MERITS –BICAMERAL DEMERITS-BICAMERAL Bills are passed thoroughly Bills are passed in both the and effectively. Bills are houses. It takes time to passed in favour of public. come to a decision. Not over burden Expensive MERITS & DEMERITS MERITS –UNICAMERAL DEMERITS-UNICAMERAL Bills are passed in one Bills are passed IN HASTE. house. So it takes less time. Over burden Inexpensive PARLIAMENT LOK SABHA(House of RAJYA SABHA(Council of people) states) WHY DO WE NEED TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT ? • Countries with large size • In a federation the second and much diversity chamber as the council of usually prefer bicameral states gives legislature, In order to representation to give representation to all different states. regions and sections of • The senior and people. experienced persons can • A bicameral legislature be accommodated makes it possible to have through nomination or every decision indirect elections. -
Achievements of 1St Year of 17Th Lok
1 Hkkjrh; laln PARLIAMENT OF INDIA 2 PREFACE Indian democracy is the largest working democracy in the world. The identity of our pluralistic society, democratic traditions and principles are deeply rooted in our culture. It is in the backdrop of this rich heritage that India had established itself as a democratic republic after its independence from the colonial rule in the preceding century. Parliament of India is the sanctum sanctorum of our democratic system. Being the symbol of our national unity and sovereignty, this august institution represents our diverse society. Our citizens actively participate in the sacred democratic processes through periodic elections and other democratic means. The elected representatives articulate their hopes and aspirations and through legislations, work diligently, for the national interest and welfare of the people. This keeps our democracy alive and vibrant. In fact, people’s faith in our vibrant democratic institutions depends greatly upon the effectiveness with which the proceedings of the House are conducted. The Chair and the Members, through their collective efforts, give voice to the matters of public importance. In fact, the Lower House, Lok Sabha, under the leadership and guidance of the Hon’ble Speaker, is pivotal to the fulfillment of national efforts for development and public welfare. The 17th Lok Sabha was constituted on 25 May 2019 and its first sitting was held on 17 June 2019. The Hon’ble Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, moved the motion for election of Shri Om Birla as the new Speaker of the Lok Sabha on 19 June 2019, which was seconded by Shri Rajnath Singh. -
Parliament and the House of Commons
PEOPLE EVENTS PARLIAMENT AND THE PLACES HOUSE OF COMMONS Parliament and democracy OPPOSITION DAYS Parliament is made up of three parts: The House of Opposition days allow the Commons, the House of Lords and the Sovereign. opposition parties in the House of In the House of Commons, Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected Commons to as part of the democratic process. Following a general election, the determine the topic for debate political party with the most MPs forms the Government. rather than the Government. There Members of the House of Lords are mostly appointed by the are usually about Sovereign on the recommendation of the Prime Minister; some are 20 opposition days in a parliamentary internally elected. A small number of Church of England archbishops session, with the and bishops are also Members. Offi cial Opposition party being The Sovereign fulfi ls a formal and ceremonial role, approving Royal allocated 17 days. Assent for bills and attending the State Opening of Parliament. THE RIGHT TO VOTE Parliament and UK citizens over the Government age of 18 can vote Parliament and Government are After a general election, the in parliamentary separate institutions. They work party leader who commands elections. closely together but have distinct a majority in the House of roles. Commons, is asked to form a Government by the Sovereign The Government is responsible and is appointed Prime Minister. for running the country, This MP is usually the leader of implementing policy and drafting the largest political party. laws. Parliament is responsible for checking the Government’s The Prime Minister recommends work, making and amending ministers for formal appointment laws and representing the people.