LEGISLATURE WHY DO WE NEED A PARLIAMENT?

*************************** *************************** • Law making is the main • The parliament is the open function of legislature, in forum of debate. modern democracies it is the main source of law. • It is the most representative of all organs of government. • In representative form of democracies the legislatures • The parliament is vested helps the people in holding with the power to choose the representatives and dismiss the accountable. government. • In parliamentary form of • Above all it is the centre of government the legislature all democratic and political controls the cabinet. process. Legislature

• BICAMERAL • UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE LEGISLATURE • A legislature having • A legislature having two houses is called only one house is bicameral called unicameral legislature. legislature. • Eg. India,USA • Eg.UK MERITS & DEMERITS

MERITS –BICAMERAL DEMERITS-BICAMERAL

Bills are passed thoroughly Bills are passed in both the and effectively. Bills are houses. It takes time to passed in favour of public. come to a decision.

Not over burden Expensive MERITS & DEMERITS

MERITS –UNICAMERAL DEMERITS-UNICAMERAL

Bills are passed in one Bills are passed IN HASTE. house. So it takes less time. Over burden Inexpensive PARLIAMENT

LOK SABHA(House of RAJYA SABHA(Council of people) states) WHY DO WE NEED TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT ? • Countries with large size • In a federation the second and much diversity chamber as the council of usually prefer bicameral states gives legislature, In order to representation to give representation to all different states. regions and sections of • The senior and people. experienced persons can • A bicameral legislature be accommodated makes it possible to have through nomination or every decision indirect elections. reconsidered and thus • Eminent persons from prevents hasty decisions. different areas can be included through nomination. FUNCTIONS OF LEGISLATURE (PARLIAMENT) • Legislative Function • Control over Executive and ensuring its accountability • Financial Function • Representation • Debating Function • constitutional amendments • Electoral functions • Judicial functions • Emergency functions LOK SABHA

• The Lok Sabha is composed of not more than 552 members. • Its composition is not more than 545 at present . • This number has not changed since 1971 elections.(543 directly elected by people+2 Anglo Indian members nominated by President to give the community an adequate representation. • The term of Lok Sabha is 5 years the house may be dissolved before the expiry of its full term. • Members are elected through secret ballot on the basis of Universal adult franchise after every 5 years. POWERS OF LOK SABHA

• Makes Laws on matters • Amends the included in Union List Constitution. and Concurrent List. Can • Approves the introduce and enact Proclamation of money and non money emergency. bills. • Elects the President and • Approves proposals for Vice President and taxation, budgets and removes Judges of annual financial Supreme Court and High Statements. Court. • Controls the executive by • Establishes asking questions, committees and supplementary questions, commissions and resolutions and motions considers their reports. and through no confidence motion. RAJYA SABHA

• According to article 30 of the Indian Constitution, Rajya Sabha consists of 250 members out of which 238 are elected from legislative assemblies of different states and union territories while 12 are nominated by the Indian President from amongst distinguished people who have made their marks in Literature , Science, art , social service sports etc. • Rajya Sabha is a permanent house. One third of its members retire after every 2 years and fresh elections are held. • The term of office of each member is 6 years they can get re- elected.

Qualifications: • He or she must be a citizen of India • He or she should be 30 years of age or more. • He or she should not be bankrupt POWERS OF RAJYA SABHA

• Considers and approves • Participates in the non money bills and election and removal of suggests amendments to the President, Vice money bills. President, Judges of • Approves Supreme Court and High constitutional Court. It can alone amendments. initiate the procedure for • Exercises control over removal of Vice President. executive by asking questions, introducing • Can give the Union motions and resolutions parliament power to make laws on matters included in the State list. THE DARK SIDE

INDIAN LEGISLATURE MONEY POWER MUSCLE POWER FIGHTING OVER CREDIT HOPE

INDIAN LEGISLATURE RIGHT TO EDUCATION WOMENS RESERVATION BILL RIGHT TO INFORMATION