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MEET the BUTTERFLIES Identify the Butter Ies You've Seen at Butter Ies
MEET THE BUTTERFLIES Identify the butteries you’ve seen at Butteries LIVE! Learn the scientic, common name and country of origin. Experience the wonderful world of butteries with the help of Butteries LIVE! COMMON MORPHO Morpho peleides Family: Nymphalidae Range: Mexico to Colombia Wingspan: 5-8 in. (12.7 – 20.3 cm.) Fast Fact: Common morphos are attracted to fermenting fruits. WHITE MORPHO Morpho polyphemus Family: Nymphalidae Range: Mexico to Central America Wingspan: 4-4.75 in. (10-12 cm.) Fast Fact: Adult white morphos prefer to feed on rotting fruits or sap from trees. WHITENED BLUEWING Myscelia cyaniris Family: Nymphalidae Range: Mexico, parts of Central and South America Wingspan: 1.3-1.4 in. (3.3-3.6 cm.) Fast Fact: The underside of the whitened bluewing is silvery- gray, allowing it to blend in on bark and branches. MEXICAN BLUEWING Myscelia ethusa Family: Nymphalidae Range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia Wingspan: 2.5-3.0 in. (6.4-7.6 cm.) Fast Fact: Young caterpillars attach dung pellets and silk to a leaf vein to create a resting perch. NEW GUINEA BIRDWING Ornithoptera priamus Family: Papilionidae Range: Australia Wingspan: 5 in. (12.7 cm.) Fast Fact: New Guinea birdwings are sexually dimorphic. Females are much larger than the males, and their wings are black with white markings. LEARN MORE ABOUT SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN BUTTERFLIES > MOCKER SWALLOWTAIL Papilio dardanus Family: Papilionidae Range: Africa Wingspan: 3.9-4.7 in. (10-12 cm.) Fast Fact: The male mocker swallowtail has a tail, while the female is tailless. LEARN MORE ABOUT SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC BUTTERFLIES > ORCHARD SWALLOWTAIL Papilio demodocus Family: Papilionidae Range: Africa and Arabia Wingspan: 4.5 in. -
Origins of Six Species of Butterflies Migrating Through Northeastern
diversity Article Origins of Six Species of Butterflies Migrating through Northeastern Mexico: New Insights from Stable Isotope (δ2H) Analyses and a Call for Documenting Butterfly Migrations Keith A. Hobson 1,2,*, Jackson W. Kusack 2 and Blanca X. Mora-Alvarez 2 1 Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0H3, Canada 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; [email protected] (J.W.K.); [email protected] (B.X.M.-A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Determining migratory connectivity within and among diverse taxa is crucial to their conservation. Insect migrations involve millions of individuals and are often spectacular. However, in general, virtually nothing is known about their structure. With anthropogenically induced global change, we risk losing most of these migrations before they are even described. We used stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements of wings of seven species of butterflies (Libytheana carinenta, Danaus gilippus, Phoebis sennae, Asterocampa leilia, Euptoieta claudia, Euptoieta hegesia, and Zerene cesonia) salvaged as roadkill when migrating in fall through a narrow bottleneck in northeast Mexico. These data were used to depict the probabilistic origins in North America of six species, excluding the largely local E. hegesia. We determined evidence for long-distance migration in four species (L. carinenta, E. claudia, D. glippus, Z. cesonia) and present evidence for panmixia (Z. cesonia), chain (Libytheana Citation: Hobson, K.A.; Kusack, J.W.; Mora-Alvarez, B.X. Origins of Six carinenta), and leapfrog (Danaus gilippus) migrations in three species. Our investigation underlines Species of Butterflies Migrating the utility of the stable isotope approach to quickly establish migratory origins and connectivity in through Northeastern Mexico: New butterflies and other insect taxa, especially if they can be sampled at migratory bottlenecks. -
A Molecular Phylogeny of the Neotropical Butterfly Genus Anartia
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26 (2003) 46–55 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A molecular phylogeny of the neotropical butterfly genus Anartia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Michael J. Blum,a,b,* Eldredge Bermingham,b and Kanchon Dasmahapatrab,c a Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA b Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Naos Island Molecular Laboratories, Unit 0948, APO-AA 34002-0948, Panama, FL, USA c Department of Biology, Galton Laboratory, University College, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK Received 2 August 2001; received in revised form 17 June 2002 Abstract While Anartia butterflies have served as model organisms for research on the genetics of speciation, no phylogeny has been published to describe interspecific relationships. Here, we present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Anartia species relationships, using both mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Analyses of both data sets confirm earlier predictions of sister species pairings based primarily on genital morphology. Yet both the mitochondrial and nuclear gene phylogenies demonstrate that Anartia jatrophae is not sister to all other Anartia species, but rather that it is sister to the Anartia fatima–Anartia amathea lineage. Traditional bi- ogeographic explanations for speciation across the genus relied on A. jatrophae being sister to its congeners. These explanations invoked allopatric divergence of sister species pairs and multiple sympatric speciation events to explain why A. jatrophae flies alongside all its congeners. The molecular phylogenies are more consistent with lineage divergence due to vicariance, and range expansion of A. jatrophae to explain its sympatry with congeners. Further interpretations of the tree topologies also suggest how morphological evolution and eco-geographic adaptation may have set species range boundaries. -
Butterflies of Kootenai County 958 South Lochsa St Post Falls, ID 83854
Butterflies of Kootenai County 958 South Lochsa St Post Falls, ID 83854 Phone: (208) 292-2525 Adapted from Oregon State University Extension FAX: (208) 292-2670 Booklet EC 1549 and compiled by Mary V., Certified E-mail: [email protected] Idaho Master Gardener. Web: uidaho.edu/kootenai By growing a bounty of native plants, mixed with nearly-natives or non-natives, you can attract a variety of butterflies. Additional reading: https://xerces.org/your-pollinator-garden/ Butterflies favor platform-shaped flowers but will feed on a diversity of nectar-rich http://millionpollinatorgardens.org/ flowers. They prefer purple, red, orange, https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinator violet, and yellow flower colors with sweet s/documents/AttractingPollinatorsV5.pdf scents. Butterflies love warm, sunny and http://xerces.org/pollinators-mountain- windless weather. region/ Planning your garden – Think like a o Tolerate Damage on your Plants: A butterfly Pollinator garden needs plants that feed larvae o Go Native: Pollinators are best adapted to (caterpillars). They feed on leaves and plant local, native plants which often need less material. If you do not feed the young, the water than ornamentals. adults will not stay in your landscapes. o Plant in Groups of three or more: Planting o Provide a puddle as a water source: Allow large patches of each plant species for better water to puddle in a rock or provide a foraging efficiency. shallow dish filled with sand as a water source for butterflies. Float corks or a stick o Blooming All Season: Flowers should bloom in your garden throughout the in the puddles to allow insects that fall in to growing season. -
Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve
Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve Arthropods are characterized by having jointed limbs and exoskeletons. They include a diverse assortment of creatures: Insects, spiders, crustaceans (crayfish, crabs, pill bugs), centipedes and millipedes among others. Column Headings Scientific Name: The phenomenal diversity of arthropods, creates numerous difficulties in the determination of species. Positive identification is often achieved only by specialists using obscure monographs to ‘key out’ a species by examining microscopic differences in anatomy. For our purposes in this survey of the fauna, classification at a lower level of resolution still yields valuable information. For instance, knowing that ant lions belong to the Family, Myrmeleontidae, allows us to quickly look them up on the Internet and be confident we are not being fooled by a common name that may also apply to some other, unrelated something. With the Family name firmly in hand, we may explore the natural history of ant lions without needing to know exactly which species we are viewing. In some instances identification is only readily available at an even higher ranking such as Class. Millipedes are in the Class Diplopoda. There are many Orders (O) of millipedes and they are not easily differentiated so this entry is best left at the rank of Class. A great deal of taxonomic reorganization has been occurring lately with advances in DNA analysis pointing out underlying connections and differences that were previously unrealized. For this reason, all other rankings aside from Family, Genus and Species have been omitted from the interior of the tables since many of these ranks are in a state of flux. -
The Speciation History of Heliconius: Inferences from Multilocus DNA Sequence Data
The speciation history of Heliconius: inferences from multilocus DNA sequence data by Margarita Sofia Beltrán A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London September 2004 Department of Biology University College London 1 Abstract Heliconius butterflies, which contain many intermediate stages between local varieties, geographic races, and sympatric species, provide an excellent biological model to study evolution at the species boundary. Heliconius butterflies are warningly coloured and mimetic, and it has been shown that these traits can act as a form of reproductive isolation. I present a species-level phylogeny for this group based on 3834bp of mtDNA (COI, COII, 16S) and nuclear loci (Ef1α, dpp, ap, wg). Using these data I test the geographic mode of speciation in Heliconius and whether mimicry could drive speciation. I found little evidence for allopatric speciation. There are frequent shifts in colour pattern within and between sister species which have a positive and significant correlation with species diversity; this suggests that speciation is facilitated by the evolution of novel mimetic patterns. My data is also consistent with the idea that two major innovations in Heliconius, adult pollen feeding and pupal-mating, each evolved only once. By comparing gene genealogies from mtDNA and introns from nuclear Tpi and Mpi genes, I investigate recent speciation in two sister species pairs, H. erato/H. himera and H. melpomene/H. cydno. There is highly significant discordance between genealogies of the three loci, which suggests recent speciation with ongoing gene flow. Finally, I explore the phylogenetic relationships between races of H. melpomene using an AFLP band tightly linked to the Yb colour pattern locus (which determines the yellow bar in the hindwing). -
Redalyc.Nymphalis Antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Maltese
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Seguna, A. Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Maltese Islands (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 41, núm. 164, octubre-diciembre, 2013, pp. 569-570 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45530406014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 569-570 Nymphalis antiopa (Linn 2/12/13 16:57 Página 569 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 41 (164), diciembre 2013: 569-570 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Maltese Islands (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) A. Seguna Abstract An account is given of this first record of Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Maltese Islands. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Nymphalis antiopa, new record, Malta Islands. Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) en Malta (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Resumen Se indica a Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) por primera vez para Malta. PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Nymphalis antiopa, nueva cita, Malta. Introduction The Nymphalidae is a large family well represented in Europe. A few of them are strong migrants, capable of extending their range during the summer months. The discovery of Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) in Malta is most interesting as it a species associated more with colder climates, and its presence in Malta is best regarded as an accidental human important, more so because the place where it was collected is very near the Free Port [where container ships load and unload containers coming from all parts of the world], Bir¿ebbugia. -
Conservation of the Arogos Skipper, Atrytone Arogos Arogos (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Florida Marc C
Conservation of the Arogos Skipper, Atrytone arogos arogos (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Florida Marc C. Minno St. Johns River Water Management District P.O. Box 1429, Palatka, FL 32177 [email protected] Maria Minno Eco-Cognizant, Inc., 600 NW 35th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32607 [email protected] ABSTRACT The Arogos skipper is a rare and declining butterfly found in native grassland habitats in the eastern and mid- western United States. Five distinct populations of the butterfly occur in specific parts of the range. Atrytone arogos arogos once occurred from southern South Carolina through eastern Georgia and peninsular Florida as far south as Miami. This butterfly is currently thought to be extirpated from South Carolina and Georgia. The six known sites in Florida for A. arogos arogos are public lands with dry prairie or longleaf pine savanna having an abundance of the larval host grass, Sorghastrum secundum. Colonies of the butterfly are threat- ened by catastrophic events such as wild fires, land management activities or no management, and the loss of genetic integrity. The dry prairie preserves of central Florida will be especially important to the recovery of the butterfly, since these are some of the largest and last remaining grasslands in the state. It may be possible to create new colonies of the Arogos skipper by releasing wild-caught females or captive-bred individuals into currently unoccupied areas of high quality habitat. INTRODUCTION tered colonies were found in New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and Mississippi. The three re- gions where the butterfly was most abundant included The Arogos skipper (Atrytone arogos) is a very locally the New Jersey pine barrens, peninsular Florida, and distributed butterfly that occurs only in the eastern and southeastern Mississippi. -
BUTTERFLIES in Thewest Indies of the Caribbean
PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA E-mail: [email protected]@focusonnature.com Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555 oror 302/529-1876302/529-1876 BUTTERFLIES and MOTHS in the West Indies of the Caribbean in Antigua and Barbuda the Bahamas Barbados the Cayman Islands Cuba Dominica the Dominican Republic Guadeloupe Jamaica Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Lucia Saint Vincent the Virgin Islands and the ABC islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao Butterflies in the Caribbean exclusively in Trinidad & Tobago are not in this list. Focus On Nature Tours in the Caribbean have been in: January, February, March, April, May, July, and December. Upper right photo: a HISPANIOLAN KING, Anetia jaegeri, photographed during the FONT tour in the Dominican Republic in February 2012. The genus is nearly entirely in West Indian islands, the species is nearly restricted to Hispaniola. This list of Butterflies of the West Indies compiled by Armas Hill Among the butterfly groupings in this list, links to: Swallowtails: family PAPILIONIDAE with the genera: Battus, Papilio, Parides Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs: family PIERIDAE Mimic-whites: subfamily DISMORPHIINAE with the genus: Dismorphia Subfamily PIERINAE withwith thethe genera:genera: Ascia,Ascia, Ganyra,Ganyra, Glutophrissa,Glutophrissa, MeleteMelete Subfamily COLIADINAE with the genera: Abaeis, Anteos, Aphrissa, Eurema, Kricogonia, Nathalis, Phoebis, Pyrisitia, Zerene Gossamer Wings: family LYCAENIDAE Hairstreaks: subfamily THECLINAE with the genera: Allosmaitia, Calycopis, Chlorostrymon, Cyanophrys, -
Butterflies of Hungary
Butterflies of Hungary Naturetrek Tour Report 13 - 26 June 2017 Common Glider Goat Moth Lesser Purple Emperor Yellow-legged Tortoiseshell Report and images by Andy Harding Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Butterflies of Hungary Tour participants: Andy Harding (leader), Norbert Riezing (local guide) & Istvan Zombai (driver) With six Naturetrek clients Day 1 Tuesday 13th June Group members departed the UK from two different airports, and fortunately both flights arrived slightly early to meet their UK and Hungarian guides, Andy and Norbert. Our driver, Istvan, was then summoned and we were soon in a very comfortable bus, with water, fruit and biscuits being handed out, speeding north on the motorway out of Budapest. For those who had not visited Hungary previously, it quickly became clear how flat a country it is, and for many kilometres the landscape spoke of fairly intensive agriculture. As some less cultivated patches appeared, so more signs of an eastern European avifauna appeared, in addition to the regular Common Buzzards on posts besides the road. A few Red-backed Shrikes were on the wires and White Storks and Marsh Harriers were hunting over newly mown fields in their different styles. We stopped after about 100 kilometres at a service area which offered many more opportunities for wildlife watching than those in the UK. Crested Lark gave excellent views, as did Queen of Spain Fritillary and Essex Skipper butterflies. We then continued as rapidly as possible to Josvafo and our base, Hotel Tengerszem, in the Aggtelek National Park. -
A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument
A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument Top left: Melanoplus akinus Top right: Vanessa cardui Bottom left: Elodes sp. Bottom right: Wolf Spider (Family Lycosidae) by David Lightfoot Compiled by Theresa Murphy Nov 2012 In collaboration with Collin Haffey, Craig Allen, David Lightfoot, Sandra Brantley and Kay Beeley WHAT ARE ARTHROPODS? And why are they important? What’s the difference between Arthropods and Insects? Most of this guide is comprised of insects. These are animals that have three body segments- head, thorax, and abdomen, three pairs of legs, and usually have wings, although there are several wingless forms of insects. Insects are of the Class Insecta and they make up the largest class of the phylum called Arthropoda (arthropods). However, the phylum Arthopoda includes other groups as well including Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, shrimps, barnacles, etc.), Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes, etc.) and Arachnida (scorpions, king crabs, spiders, mites, ticks, etc.). Arthropods including insects and all other animals in this phylum are characterized as animals with a tough outer exoskeleton or body-shell and flexible jointed limbs that allow the animal to move. Although this guide is comprised mostly of insects, some members of the Myriapoda and Arachnida can also be found here. Remember they are all arthropods but only some of them are true ‘insects’. Entomologist - A scientist who focuses on the study of insects! What’s bugging entomologists? Although we tend to call all insects ‘bugs’ according to entomology a ‘true bug’ must be of the Order Hemiptera. So what exactly makes an insect a bug? Insects in the order Hemiptera have sucking, beak-like mouthparts, which are tucked under their “chin” when Metallic Green Bee (Agapostemon sp.) not in use. -
Notes on the Holotype of Nymphalis Antiopa Hyperborea
Notes on the Holotype of Nymphalis antiopa hyberborea (SEITZ, 1914) compiled by Joseph Belicek last updated 12 February 2013 hyperborea – Vanessa antiopa form nov. hyperborea SEITZ, 1914. – 10. Gattung Vanessa. [The Genus Vanessa.] In SEITZ, A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde (German edition). Vol. 5, (189) p. 457-458, plate 93 f, figure of one [1] ♀ female [dorsal aspect]. Described from a single, hibernated specimen. Holotype is deposited in the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany. {14.IV.1914} Original Description: SEITZ, 1914: 457. — 'Eine konstante Veränderung zeigt antiopa nicht wie man früher glaubte, in der Form der Vereinigten Staaten (der man den Namen lintneri Fitch gaab), sondern nur im allerhöchsten Norden, in Alaska. Von dort liegt mir ein stück mit sehr lebthaft rotbrauner oberseite, weißem (nicht abgeflogenem) leicht violett getontem rand und auf der unterseite einer lichten binde durch die mitte aller Flgl vor, das ich unter dem namen hyperborea form. nov. (93f) abbilde.' — *For taxonomic purposes the German edition (1914) has a precedence over the English edition (1914). English translation: In Seitz, 1914: 457. 'The uniform distribution of antiopa is not what some hoped for earlier, in the US Fitch named form lintnerii. From the extreme north, in Alaska, a specimen lies before me with very bright red-brown upper surface, white (not worn) margin slightly tinged with violet and on the under surface a light band across the middle of both wings; I figure it under the name hyperborea form. nov. (93 f).' Type-locality: The simplified term TL: 'Alaska' could be highly misleading. Even the wording ”allerhöchsten Norden, in Alaska”, [extreme north, in Alaska] could be interpreted as meaning only the far north of Alaska.