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Capacity of Freshwater Marsh to Process Nutrients in Diverted

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Capacity of Freshwater Marsh to Process Nutrients in Diverted Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2004 Capacity of freshwater marsh to process nutrients in diverted Mississippi River water Craig Bonya' Johnson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Recommended Citation Johnson, Craig Bonya', "Capacity of freshwater marsh to process nutrients in diverted Mississippi River water" (2004). LSU Master's Theses. 862. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/862 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CAPACITY OF FRESHWATER MARSH TO PROCESS NUTRIENTS IN DIVERTED MISSISSIPPI RIVER WATER A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in The Department of Agronomy and Environmental Management by Craig Bonya’ Johnson B.S., Alcorn State University, 2002 December 2004 DEDICATION To my parents, Carl and Bobbie Johnson who have always been there through all of my dilemmas to guide, uphold, encourage, protect and most of all understand me. God has blessed me with two loving parents, who have worked hard to mold me into the individual that I am today. I’m blessed to have parents like mine as models for my life. I could not have made it this far without your motivation and dedication to my success. Thank you, Mom and Dad, I love you both. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are a number of wonderful people who contributed in countless ways toward the completion of this thesis. First and foremost, I would like to thank God for blessings me with the opportunity to accomplish this long desired goal. I would like to thank my major professor Dr. Ron Delaune, for his guidance, support and patience throughout my graduate studies. Thank you for pushing me out of my comfort zone to reach deeper within myself to achieve excellence. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Magdi Selim for his many words of encouragement and concerns about my interests. Your service is greatly appreciated and I am pleased you agreed to serve on my defense committee. I would also like to thank Dr. Robert Gambrell for serving on my graduate committee, and for teaching and providing assistance that has played a vital role in the successful completion of my graduate work. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the faculty and staff of the Louisiana State University Agronomy Department and Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute and everyone who supported me in concluding this research project. Special thanks to Jon West and Wendrall Moran for their assistance. In addition, would like to extend gratitude to Sea Grant for funding this research and making this project possible. Last but not least, I would like to extend an enormous, heartfelt thank you to my special companion, Annie Vaughan, who has spent tireless, labored nights to enhance this thesis with her insights and creativity. I will always appreciate your love and support. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION ................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...............................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................1 1.1 Review of Literature..........................................................................................1 1.2 Water Quality....................................................................................................9 1.3 Wetlands.........................................................................................................12 1.4 Wetlands Function...........................................................................................12 1.5 Davis Pond Diversion Structure.......................................................................14 1.6 Thesis Objectives ............................................................................................17 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................18 2.1 Site Description...............................................................................................18 2.2 Sample Collection ...........................................................................................22 2.3 Cadium Reduction Method (NO3-N)................................................................22 2.4 Salicylate-Hypchlorite Method (NH4-N) ..........................................................23 2.5 Asorbic Acid Method (Phosphorus) .................................................................23 2.6 Carbon Analysis ..............................................................................................24 2.7 ICP and Irrigation Standard Test for Water Analysis.........................................24 2.8 Calculations.....................................................................................................25 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS ...............................................................................................27 3.1 Nitrate.............................................................................................................27 3.2 Phosphorus......................................................................................................34 3.3 Ammonia ........................................................................................................37 3.4 Total Organic Carbon ......................................................................................40 3.5 ICP and Standard Test for Irrigation Water.......................................................46 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION ........................................................................................59 4.1 Nitrate.............................................................................................................59 4.2 Phosphorus......................................................................................................61 4.3 Ammonia ........................................................................................................63 4.4 Total Organic Carbon ......................................................................................63 4.5 ICP and Standard Test for Irrigation Water.......................................................64 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION.......................................................................................66 iv REFERENCES..............................................................................................................69 VITA............................................................................................................................. 76 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Sampling Site Coordinates..................................................................20 3.1 NO3-N Concentrations (mg/m3)..........................................................29 3.2 NO3-N Nutrients Removal .................................................................33 3.3 SAS Statistics for NO3-N...................................................................36 3.4 SRP Concentrations (mg/m3) .............................................................38 3.5 SRP Nutrient Removal .......................................................................41 3.6 SAS Statistics for SRP........................................................................42 3 3.7 NH4-N Concentrations (mg/m ) ..........................................................44 3.8 SAS Statistics for NH4-N ...................................................................46 3.9 TOC Concentrations (ppm).................................................................47 3.10 SAS Statistics for TOC........................................................................50 3.11 ICP Analysis ......................................................................................52 3.12 Standard Test for Irrigation Water Analysis Concentrations .................54 3.13 ICP Threshold Values..........................................................................57 3.14 ICP Threshold Values of Standard Test for Irrigation Water .................58 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 The Phosphorus Cycle ...............................................................................................6 1.2 Nitrogen Transformation in Wetland and Aquatic Environment.................................10 2.1 Map of Barataria Basin.............................................................................................19 2.2 Sampling Sites .........................................................................................................21 3.1 Davis Pond Freshwater Diversion Pulse Events (m3/s)...............................................28 3.2 NO-3N Concentration Graph.....................................................................................30
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