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ID 233 Optimization of Network Design for Charging Station
Proceedings of the 5th NA International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Detroit, Michigan, USA, August 10 - 14, 2020 Optimization of Network Design for Charging Station Placement : A Case Study Silvi Istiqomah, Wahyudi Sutopo Master Program of Industrial Engineering Department Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The use of electric vehicles (EV) is quite a lot. With so many EVs scattered, it is necessary to plan the placement of a filling station that takes into account all the components of tractive effort, regenerative braking, and parasitic power users. Actual driving distance and altitude data from Google Maps are used as data for placement of filling stations and can therefore far more accurately predict the range that can be achieved from a given EV than a typical Euclidean distance model. In addition, the optimization model for filling station placement considers the number of affordable households in the filling station procurement plan. One problem in this study is the importance of meeting the increasing demand for EV fuels. Considerations for adjusting existing EV levels. The proposed optimization technique is applied to the transportation network, and in the case study in the Solo area, where the focus is to reach the maximum range with the minimum number of filling station distances. The results are promising and show that flexibility, smart route selection, and numerical efficiency of the proposed design techniques, can choose strategic locations to fill stations from thousands of possible locations without numerical difficulties. Keywords Optimization, Charging station, Placement 1. Introduction With the development of EV, the planning of electric vehicle charging stations (EV) has become an important concern of distribution network planning. -
Sale of Adulterated Or Export Bound Motor Fuels in the Local Market
SALE OF ADULTERATED OR EXPORT BOUND MOTOR FUELS IN THE LOCAL MARKET The Energy Regulatory Commission is mandated under Section 95 of the Energy Act No. 12 of 2006 to monitor petroleum products offered for sale in the local market with the aim of preventing motor fuel adulteration or dumping of export bound fuels. In this regard, the Commission undertakes a program of continuous monitoring of the quality of petroleum motor fuels on sale, transport and storage throughout the country. During the period July 2018 - September 2018, 4,456 tests were conducted at 675 petroleum sites (including illegal petroleum sites). From the tests, 637 sites were compliant which represents a 94.4% compliance level. However, tests from 38 sites turned out to be non-compliant. Pursuant to Regulation 15 of the Energy (Retail Facility Construction and Licensing) Regulations 2013, the non-compliant stations and their particular offences are listed hereunder: Test Date Name of Station County Physical Location Nature of non-compliance Status as at 1st July to 27th September 2018 Station reopened after upgrading the product and paying 1 10.07.2018 Texas Energy Service Station – Awendo Migori Awendo Offering for sale Diesel contaminated with Kerosene. penalties amounting to KShs 500,000 2 12.07.2018 Mwito Filling Station Meru Kangeta Offering for sale Diesel contaminated with Kerosene. Station closed. Station reopened after upgrading the product and paying 3 17.07.2018 Petroplus Magharibi Malaba Filling Station Busia Malaba Offering for sale Super Petrol contaminated with Kerosene. penalties amounting to KShs 130,000 4 19.07.2018 Kyang’ombe Illegal Fuel Site I Nairobi Kyang’ombe Diesel contaminated with Kerosene found at the site. -
Gas Station Canopies: Analysis & Recommendations April 2016
Gas Station Canopies: Analysis & Recommendations April 2016 Pamela Stanton, RLA, Planner / Urban Design Karen Friedman, AICP, Principal Planner 1 Contents • Purpose of analysis • Pictorial Review of existing conditions • Evolution of gas stations • Review of municipal regulations • Recommendations • Proposed Text Amendments 2 Purpose of the Analysis • Architecture and design of gas stations is important to the City since gas stations are often located along City’s major corridors and/or along major intersections • Determine if the city’s current regulations are adequately addressing gas station canopy architecture and building design • Review other cities’ regulations to determine appropriate and effective regulations • Determine if amendments to city’s Zoning Code are necessary 3 Context: Evolution of the Gas Station Canopy • Originally - Curbside distribution of fuel in a crude and rudimentary process along every town’s main street • Now - A sophisticated corporate distribution program that offers a branded product • As gas stations have increased the number of pumps, so have the size of canopies • Increased canopy sizes has resulted in increased signage 4 Vintage Gas Stations 5 Pictorial Review of Existing Conditions • Very utilitarian, not architecturally distinctive • Horizontal Flat Roofs • Color banding and other signage • Some stations have very long canopies. Some have smaller, multiple canopies. • Some stations have canopies that only cover the pumps while others have canopies that cover both the pumps as well as the enclosed structure. • Design of Canopy does not reflect design of principal structure 6 Chevron (Powerline and SW 3 St) BP (Federal Hwy and SE 9 St) RaceTrac (Atlantic Blvd and NW 6 Ave) Marathon (Atlantic and SE 28 Ave) Valero (Federal and Atlantic) Sunoco (Dixie near Copans) 7 City’s Existing Regulations • Zoning Code Section 155.4303.E : b. -
Landmark Designation Report
CITY OF HOUSTON Archaeological & Historical Commission _____ Planning and Development Department LANDMARK DESIGNATION REPORT LANDMARK NAME: Gulf Oil Filling Station AGENDA ITEM: C.2 OWNERS: Brookhollow Venture LTD HPO FILE NO.: 15L307 APPLICANT: Stephen Harrison DATE ACCEPTED: Apr-01-2015 LOCATION: 3709 La Branch Street HAHC HEARING DATE: Apr-23-2015 SITE INFORMATION Lots 5 & 6, Block 3, Empire, City of Houston, Harris County, Texas. The site includes a 294 square foot one story commercial building, formerly a gas station. TYPE OF APPROVAL REQUESTED: Landmark Designation HISTORY AND SIGNIFICANCE SUMMARY The Gulf Oil Filling Station at 3709 La Branch Street was constructed circa 1926 at a time when the automobile was becoming dominant in American cities. Built for the Gulf Oil Corporation, it is an excellent high-style example of early twentieth century neighborhood filling stations, and is representative of the transition in Gulf filling stations from the residentially-oriented Craftsman house with canopy form of 1910-1930 to the more streamlined, Art Deco influenced oblong box with canopy of the 1930s and 1940s. For half of a century, the La Branch station served the community of the Third Ward, but in the 1970s it fell into disrepair, as the neighborhood filling station was eclipsed by full-service gas station convenience stores located on major thoroughfares and highways. More recently, the structure has enjoyed a new lease on life as an ever-changing canvas for public art. Even in its vacancy the Gulf Filling Station has remained a neighborhood fixture and hub of activity. The building is currently undergoing rehabilitation for a new commercial use. -
Exemptions and Refunds Related to Sales and Uses of Kerosene
Technical Memorandum TSB-M-11(12)M, (18)S Petroleum Taxes Sales Tax October 6, 2011 Exemptions and Refunds Related to Sales and Uses of Kerosene This TSB-M explains how exemption and refund (credit) provisions apply to sales of kerosene under the Tax Law, as amended effective September 1, 2011. In general, kerosene is subject to tax as diesel motor fuel under the excise tax (Article 12-A), petroleum business tax (Article 13-A), and state and local sales taxes (Articles 28 and 29). However, certain exemption and refund (credit) provisions apply. For information on other sales and uses of kerosene and diesel motor fuel, see TSB-M-11(6)M, (11)S, Changes in the Taxation and Classification of Diesel Motor Fuel Beginning September 1, 2011. As explained below, kerosene is exempt from the petroleum business tax, and up-front exemptions for the excise tax and prepaid sales tax apply to sales of dyed kerosene. In addition, under certain circumstances, suppliers may sell undyed kerosene to consumers without these taxes included and claim a refund or credit on the appropriate tax return for taxes that they absorbed when they purchased it. Petroleum business tax exemption Kerosene sold or used by a registered distributor (distributor) is exempt from the petroleum business tax, provided the kerosene is: 1) not blended or mixed with any other product constituting diesel motor fuel, motor fuel, or residual petroleum product; and 2) not used by the distributor or sold to a consumer as fuel to operate a motor vehicle. Also see Kerosene sold as highway diesel motor fuel on page 4. -
Gazpromneft Antifreeze Sf12+ 40
GAZPROMNEFT ANTIFREEZE SF12+ 40 100% PROTECTION FROM ENGINE OIL SYNTHETIC ALL-SEASONAL COUNTERFEITS Ready to use product that has been premixed with concentrate and water to obtain -40°С freezing point. VOLUMES 0.935 4.775 10 KG 220 KG KG KG 1000 KG POINTS OF SALE IN THE CITY МОСКВА - 274 The full list of points of sale of our products in your city is presented on the last pages of the document MORE INFORMATION ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES 1. Technical data sheet 2. Approvals 3. Declarations, certificates, passports Gazpromneft Antifreeze SF12+ High Performance Antifreeze Gazpromneft Antifreeze SF12+ is extra high performance coolant made of ethylene glycol. The Organic Acid Technology (OAT) formula gives outstanding protection against frost, corrosion and overheating for engines of both ferrous and aluminum construction. Gazpromneft Antifreeze SF12+ is free of nitrites, amines, phosphates, silicates and borates. Concentrated antifreeze formula needs to be diluted prior to be used. Applications Car, truck and bus engines of both ferrous and aluminum construction Gazpromneft Antifreeze SF12+ Concentrate must be diluted prior to be used as recommended by vehicle manufacturer (see dilution chart) For preparation of the coolant it is recommended to use distilled or deionized water. Tap water can be used when not excessively hard Dilution Chart Antifreeze concentrate/Water, v/v% Freeze protection 33/67 -18oC 50/50 -36oC 66/34 -65oC Approvals Meets the requirements MAN 324 Typ SNF Afnor NF R15-601 MB 325.3 YaMZ ASTM D3306, D4985 SAE J1034 -
Aquatic Water Quality Baseline Assessment Report of the Aquatic Resources in the Vicinity of the Proposed Kosmosdal Filling Station Project, Kosmosdal, Gauteng
AQUATIC WATER QUALITY BASELINE ASSESSMENT REPORT OF THE AQUATIC RESOURCES IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROPOSED KOSMOSDAL FILLING STATION PROJECT, KOSMOSDAL, GAUTENG. Prepared for Samrand Development (Pty) Ltd JULY 2018 Prepared by: Water Use Licence Associates (Pty) Ltd Report authors: Dionne Crafford (Pr. Sci. Nat.) Report reviewer: Stephen van Staden (Pr. Sci. Nat.) Report Reference: WUL 250002 Assessment Date: 25 May 2018 Report Initiation Date: 19 July 2018 Report Submission Date: 23 July 2018 Water Use Licence Associates (Pty) Ltd CK 2016/241418/07 Vat Reg. No. 4270277074 29 Arterial Road West Oriel, Johannesburg 2007 Tel: 011 616 7893 Fax: 086 724 3132 E-mail: [email protected] WUL 250002 July 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Water Use Licence Associates (Pty) Ltd (WULA) was requested by Samrand Development (Pty) Ltd to perform a water quality baseline assessment of the aquatic resources in the vicinity of the proposed Kosmosdal Filling Station. One site, considered to be representative of the aquatic resource at the time of assessment, was assessed on 25 May 2018 downgradient of the proposed development. In the Government gazette of 18 May 1984 No 9225 the general standard to which waste water and effluent must be purified prior to discharge is stated. The value for soap, oil and grease is 2.5 mg/L. With the promulgation of the new National Water Act in 1998 the strategy for conserving aquatic resources has changed, however, no new standard for soaps, oil and grease are available. The results of the water sampling at the downgradient site were thus compared to the available general effluent standard for comparison. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0055874A1 Bekemeyer (43) Pub
US 2005.0055874A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0055874A1 Bekemeyer (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 17, 2005 (54) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR BLENDING (52) U.S. Cl. ................................................................ 44/629 AND DISPENSING FUELS (76) Inventor: Neil Bekemeyer, Washington, KS (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: THOMAS B. LUEBBERING HOVEY WILLIAMS LLP A method and System for blending and dispensing fuels that Suite 400 makes it easier for a retail filling station (10) to provide 2405 Grand blended fuels to its customers and that more effectively Kansas City, MO 64.108 (US) encourages customers to purchase the blended fuels. Gaso line and additives Such as ethanol are received and Stored in (21) Appl. No.: 10/663,542 separate tanks (12-18) at the filling station. Customers of the (22) Filed: Sep. 16, 2003 filling Station are then allowed to Select the amount of additive, if any, to add to their gasoline. Once a Selection has Publication Classification been made, a proportioner (40) blends the Selected amount of additive with gasoline at the time of purchase and then (51) Int. Cl. .................................................. C10L 5700 dispenses the blended fuel to the customer. Patent Application Publication Mar. 17, 2005 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2005/0055874 A1 Patent Application Publication Mar. 17, 2005 Sheet 2 of 3 US 2005/0055874 A1 PLEASE SELECT: FIG. 2a - REGULAR UNLEADED - UNLEADED - PREMUM UNLEADED THEN PRESS "SELECT" BUTTON PLEASE SELECT ADDITIVE: FIG. 2b - NONE - ETHANOL - OCTANE THEN PRESS "SELECT" BUTTON PLEASE SELECT PERCENT FIG.2c OF ADDITIVE WITH THEN PRESS "SELECT" BUTTON Patent Application Publication Mar. -
Leave the Filling Station Behind: Wireless, Distributed, 7-11 Kw Charging Changes How, When and Where Evs Will “Fill Up” — and Makes Charging Easy As Parking a Car
Leave the Filling Station Behind: Wireless, distributed, 7-11 kW charging changes how, when and where EVs will “fill up” — and makes charging easy as parking a car WiTricity Corporation ©WiTricity Corporation Leave the Filling Station Behind: Wireless, distributed, 7-11 kW charging changes how, when and where EVs will “fill up” — and makes charging easy as parking a car In 1973 and again in 1979, cars lined up sometimes for blocks on end at filling stations — with gas rationing and consumer panic replacing the laws of supply and demand. Electric vehicle (EV) owners today, by contrast, don’t face shortages or supply crises over their fuel. Electricity is of course not nearly as volatile a commodity as oil. Yet, relying too heavily on the “filling station” mindset risks the downsides of filling stations too. Level 3, DC Fast Charging (DCFC) kiosks at gas stations, rest areas and shopping centers will undoubtedly be crucial EV range extenders. However, according to Gas lines, 1973 studies by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, DCFC will only be needed 4% of the time, when EVs are used for longer trips that extend beyond their battery capacity. [1] For the vast majority of EV use — the other 96% of the time — DCFC will be overkill and likely anywhere from an inconvenience to a hassle to the kind of miserable, queuing experience drivers regularly faced in 1973 and ’79. This time, though, rather than a shortage of fuel, a shortage of DCFC stations would be the cause of any lines at the “pump.” EVs can in fact leave the filling station experience nearly completely behind — at least 96% in the rearview mirror. -
Ethanol Production Impacts Transportation System
June 2007 Ethanol Production Impacts Transportation System Over the past few years, renewable and alternative fuels have received significant public and media attention regarding energy prices, national energy security, eco- nomic impacts, environmental effects and a whole range of other issues. But how do fuels such as ethanol ultimately get to consumers at the filling station? The logistical aspects of transporting energy feedstocks like corn to ethanol plants, and moving fuels to filling stations has received less scrutiny. In 2005, the U.S. used 20.7 million barrels of petroleum each day, using 67 percent for transportation, the largest single use of petroleum. Imports of oil have outstripped domestic production since 1996, with 12.4 million barrels imported per day.1 This makes fuels such as ethanol a focal point in discussions of how to displace demand for petroleum, which requires an investigation of fuel transport trends. “The biofuels industry has a major impact on the transportation system,” says North- ern Iowa Council of Governments Executive Director Joe Myhre, who has witnessed significant growth of ethanol in the COG’s eight-county region. “Locally, the coun- ties have to invest monies to build and maintain the infrastructure that supports the ethanol or biodiesel plants, and the state has been a tremendous partner in providing assistance.” Ethanol Production in the United States Use of ethanol in the United States began in the mid-1800s, but production was limit- ed until after lead was phased out of gasoline and government incentives to produce ethanol were established in the 1970s. Several events in the past Growth in U.S. -
When You Pull up to a Gasoline Filling Station, You O May Start to See Some Changes
ETHANOL EDUCATION & CONSUMER PROTECTION PROGRAM YOU PUMP.wrnylaakBeforelimPump.com I kookEt4UPunip 0 0 When you pull up to a gasoline filling station, you o may start to see some changes. The gas you put in your car may no longer be safe for other engine products. Most gasdine now conl in liD percent Today you may come across a gasoline ethanol {VD}. But, you may see higher ethanol ble nce r pump, which dispenses varlau s blended gas available far sale - such as 15, 30. ethanol blends, and you might be tempted to SO or BS perent ethanol gas. They may even buy the least expensive fuel - which may likely be cheaper than Ela contain higher ethanol content. But, price is no longer the way to c house you r gasoli ne safely. However. these higher ethanol blends are not 'ou have to choose the right fuel. meant for s rna II engines, utility vehicles and otrtdaor power equipment such as mowers. Head the equipment's garden tractors, chainsaws, snow thr•wers. operating manual tri mmers, generators, power 'washers. for spec rfic fueling blowers and more. requirements, and se lect the correct gasoline for Gasoline containing greater than that specific product 10 percent ethanol can damage or When you pull up to the gas station, lia.ok before destroy these valual)le investments. you pump. Protect your investments_ Choose MO In fact, usingany fuel that contains more than or less for your outdoor ICI percent ethanol Is harmfu I and illegal to use powe r ec ui pme nt. in outdoor power equipment. -
Experimental Study on the Effects of Kerosene-Doped Gasoline on Gasoline-Powered Engine Performance Characteristics
Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering Vol. 1(2), pp. 37-40, June 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JPGE © 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Experimental study on the effects of kerosene-doped gasoline on gasoline-powered engine performance characteristics O. Obodeh* and N. C. Akhere Mechanical Engineering Department, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. Accepted 19 April, 2010 This investigation was carried out to study the engine-out emissions from a four-stroke, four-cylinder, water-cooled spark ignition (SI) engine with kerosene blended gasoline with different proportions of kerosene ranging from 0 - 50% by volume in step of 10%. Gaseous exhaust emissions were measured with the aid of pocket gas TM -portable gas analyzer. The experimental results showed that the engine-out emissions increase with increase concentration of kerosene in the blend. The analyses gave increase ranging from 21.7 - 53% for carbon monoxide (CO), 23.4 - 57.1% for unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and 2.4 - 8.2% for particulate matter (PM). The experiment also showed increase in specific fuel consumption (SFC) for all load conditions ranging form 34 - 36%. Measures needed to reduce fuel adulteration were suggested. The measures encompass effective monitoring mechanism and enforcement of heavy penalty on sale of adulterated fuels. Key words: Kerosene-gasoline blend, gasoline engine, engine-out emissions. INTRODUCTION Where different products of comparable qualities have In Nigeria, the adulteration of gasoline is normally different prices or consumers have no efficient tools to indulged primary due to the significant price differential distinguish similar products of different qualities, between products.