1. Muscles of Upper Extermity
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Ultrasound Evaluation of the Abductor Hallucis Muscle: Reliability Study Alyse FM Cameron, Keith Rome and Wayne a Hing*
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research BioMed Central Research Open Access Ultrasound evaluation of the abductor hallucis muscle: Reliability study Alyse FM Cameron, Keith Rome and Wayne A Hing* Address: AUT University, School of Rehabilitation & Occupation Studies, Health & Rehabilitation Research Centre, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand Email: Alyse FM Cameron - [email protected]; Keith Rome - [email protected]; Wayne A Hing* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 25 September 2008 Received: 29 May 2008 Accepted: 25 September 2008 Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2008, 1:12 doi:10.1186/1757-1146-1-12 This article is available from: http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/1/1/12 © 2008 Cameron et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The Abductor hallucis muscle (AbdH) plays an integral role during gait and is often affected in pathological foot conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the within and between-session intra-tester reliability using diagnostic ultrasound of the dorso-plantar thickness, medio-lateral width and cross-sectional area, of the AbdH in asymptomatic adults. Methods: The AbdH muscles of thirty asymptomatic subjects were imaged and then measured using a Philips HD11 Ultrasound machine. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate both within and between session intra-tester reliability. Results: The within-session reliability results demonstrated for dorso-plantar thickness an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.99–0.99); medio-lateral width an ICC: of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97) and cross- sectional area an ICC of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98–0.99). -
Anatomy of the Arteries of the Human Body," P
i's'S-si, fe+*>* /UCl***. U*A~* ANATOMY OP THE AKTERIES OF THE HUMAN BODY, Pejscripttue ant) jihxrgtcal, WITH THE DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY OF THE HEART; By JOHN HATCH POWER, F.K.C.S.I., LATE PROFESSOR OF DESCRIPTIVE AND PRACTICAL ANATOMY IN THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, IRELAND ; SURGEON TO THE CITY OF DUBLIN HOSPITAL, ETC. THIRD EDITION, By WILLIAM THOMSON, A.B., F.B.C.S., SURGEON TO THE RICHMOND SURGICAL HOSPITAL; MEMBER OF THE SURGICAL COURT OF EXAMINERS, ROYAL COLLEGE OF SDRGEONS, IRELAND; AND EXAMINER IN SURGERY, QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY, IRELAND, ETC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY B. WILLS RICHARDSON, FELLOW AND SENIOR EXAMINER IN THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS; SURGEON TO THE ADELAIDE HOSPITAL, DUBLIN, ETC. DUBLIN : FANNIN AND CO., GEAFTON STEEET, BOOKSELLERS TO THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. LONDON : LONGMANS AND CO. : SIMPKIN AND CO. MDCCCLXXXI. ?/?£ SKILL AND COMPANY, EDINBURGH, GOVERNMENT BOOK AND LAW PRINTERS FOR SCOTLAND. ; EDITOR'S PREFACE. The third edition of this book is issued under my supervision at the request of the publishers. Alterations have been made in the arrangement of the text, which has also been corrected in various places, in accordance with the views of the most modern authorities, both English and German. Borne portions have been omitted as being better suited to the pages of a physio- logical work. The notes of cases in the surgical part have been curtailed but the rarest have been allowed to remain in their collected form for facility of reference. It was my intention to give a full record of the ligature of arteries in Ireland during the last twenty years ; and in order to obtain particulars, a circular was sent to every hospital surgeon in this country. -
Netter's Musculoskeletal Flash Cards, 1E
Netter’s Musculoskeletal Flash Cards Jennifer Hart, PA-C, ATC Mark D. Miller, MD University of Virginia This page intentionally left blank Preface In a world dominated by electronics and gadgetry, learning from fl ash cards remains a reassuringly “tried and true” method of building knowledge. They taught us subtraction and multiplication tables when we were young, and here we use them to navigate the basics of musculoskeletal medicine. Netter illustrations are supplemented with clinical, radiographic, and arthroscopic images to review the most common musculoskeletal diseases. These cards provide the user with a steadfast tool for the very best kind of learning—that which is self directed. “Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence.” —Abigail Adams (1744–1818) “It’s that moment of dawning comprehension I live for!” —Calvin (Calvin and Hobbes) Jennifer Hart, PA-C, ATC Mark D. Miller, MD Netter’s Musculoskeletal Flash Cards 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 NETTER’S MUSCULOSKELETAL FLASH CARDS ISBN: 978-1-4160-4630-1 Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be produced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions for Netter Art figures may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Science Licensing Department in Philadelphia PA, USA: phone 1-800-523-1649, ext. 3276 or (215) 239-3276; or e-mail [email protected]. -
Sural Artery Bypass in Buerger's Disease
Ann Vasc Dis Vol.5, No.2; 2012; pp 199–203 ©2012 Annals of Vascular Diseases doi: 10.3400/avd.cr.11.00090 Case Report Sural Artery Bypass in Buerger’s Disease: Report of a Case Harunobu Matsumoto, MD,1 Eisuke Yamamoto, MD,1 Chiaki Kamiya, MD,1 Emi Miura, MD,1 Tadashi Kitaoka, MD,1 Jun Suzuki, MD, PhD,1 Kota Yamamoto, MD, PhD,1 Juno Deguchi, MD, PhD,1 Morihiro Higashi, MD, PhD,2 Jun-ichi Tamaru, MD, PhD,2 and Osamu Sato, MD, PhD1 A 72 year-old man was admitted to the hospital to receive treatment for resting pain and an ulcer, which had developed on an amputation stump, 4 months after he had undergone a thrombectomy, below-the-knee popliteal-dorsal pedis artery bypass of his left leg, and digital amputation of his 2nd toe. Angiography demonstrated diffuse arterial and bypass occlusion in his left leg that did not include a sural artery, which was the main collateral. Therefore, the patient underwent reversed saphenous vein bypass from the common femoral artery to the medial sural artery. His leg pain disappeared, and the ulcer healed promptly. Keywords: sural artery bypass, perigenicular artery bypass, collateral artery bypass INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT evascularization is the primary option in the manage- A 72 year-old man, who had smoked for fifty years, Rment of critical limb ischemia. Previous studies have was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He had suffered described bypass to the perigeniculate collateral arteries the thrombophlebitis of his left leg one year earlier and as an option for limb salvage in selected patients, such was admitted to the hospital to receive treatment for as in cases of extensive disease, previous failed endo- or coldness, cyanosis and severe rest pain in his leg and a open vascular attempts, lack of the usual crural arterial painful ulcer, measuring approximately 8 mm in diam- runoffs or autogenous substitutes being common scenar- eter, which had developed on the amputation stump of ios.1–7) However, the use of this bypass has been restricted the left 2nd toe. -
The Anatomy of Th-E Blood Vascular System of the Fox ,Squirrel
THE ANATOMY OF TH-E BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE FOX ,SQUIRREL. §CIURUS NlGER. .RUFIVENTEB (OEOEEROY) Thai: for the 009m of M. S. MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE Thomas William Jenkins 1950 THulS' ifliillifllfllilllljllljIi\Ill\ljilllHliLlilHlLHl This is to certifg that the thesis entitled The Anatomy of the Blood Vascular System of the Fox Squirrel. Sciurus niger rufiventer (Geoffroy) presented by Thomas William Jenkins has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for A degree in MEL Major professor Date May 23’ 19500 0-169 q/m Np” THE ANATOMY OF THE BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE FOX SQUIRREL, SCIURUS NIGER RUFIVENTER (GEOFFROY) By THOMAS WILLIAM JENKINS w L-Ooffi A THESIS Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Zoology 1950 \ THESlSfi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following persons of the Zoology Department: Dr. R. A. Fennell, under whose guidence this study was completed; Mr. P. A. Caraway, for his invaluable assistance in photography; Dr. D. W. Hayne and Mr. Poff, for their assistance in trapping; Dr. K. A. Stiles and Dr. R. H. Manville, for their helpful suggestions on various occasions; Mrs. Bernadette Henderson (Miss Mac), for her pleasant words of encouragement and advice; Dr. H. R. Hunt, head of the Zoology Department, for approval of the research problem; and Mr. N. J. Mizeres, for critically reading the manuscript. Special thanks is given to my wife for her assistance with the drawings and constant encouragement throughout the many months of work. -
H21/1 H21/2 H21/3
H21/1 (1013026) H21/2 (1013281) H21/1 H21/3 (1013282) H21/2 H21/3 (1013026/1013281/1013282) 2 Latin 1 Vertebra lumbalis [L V], processus articularis 51 Lig. supraspinale superior 52 Lig. sacroiliacum posterius 2 Vertebra lumbalis [L V], corpus vertebrae 53 Lig. sacrococcygeum laterale 3 Vertebra lumbalis [L V], processus costiformis; 54 Lig. sacrococcygeum posterius superficiale; processus costalis Lig. sacrococcygeum dorsale superficiale 4 Crista iliaca 55 Lig. sacrococcygeum posterius profundum; 5 Spina iliaca anterior superior Lig. sacrococcygeum dorsale profundum 6 Fossa iliaca 56 Foramen ischiadicum minus 7 Articulatio sacroiliaca 57 Canalis obturatorius 8 Spina iliaca anterior inferior 58 Arcus iliopectineus 9 Corpus ossis ilii 59 Lig. lacunare 10 Corpus ossis pubis 60 Lacuna vasorum 11 Fossa acetabuli 61 Lacuna musculorum 12 Spina ischiadica 62 Pars abdominalis aortae; Aorta abdominalis 13 Ramus ossis ischii 63 Vena cava inferior 14 Ramus superior ossis pubis 64 Truncus lumbosacralis 15 Ramus inferior ossis pubis 65 Ductus deferens 16 Discus interpubicus; Fibrocartilago interpubica 66 Arteria iliaca externa 17 Pecten ossis pubis 67 Vena iliaca externa 18 Foramen obturatum 68 M. cremaster 19 Foramina sacralia anteriora 69 Nn. scrotales anteriores 20 Promontorium 70 N. dorsalis penis 21 Ala ossis sacri 71 Glans penis 22 Articulatio lumbosacralis, discus intervertebralis 72 A. dorsalis penis® 23 Vertebra lumbalis [L V], processus articularis 73 V. dorsalis profunda penis inferior 74 Tunica vaginalis testis 24 Os sacrum; processus articularis superior 75 Epididymis 25 Ala ossis ilii 76 Plexus pampiniformis 26 Crista sacralis medialis 77 M. pyramidalis 27 Limbus acetabuli; Margo acetabuli 78 M. rectus abdominis 28 Foramen ischiadicum majus 79 Vesica urinaria 29 Tuber ischiadicum 80 M. -
Anatomical Study of Minimally Invasive Lateral Release
FAIXXX10.1177/1071100720920863Foot & Ankle InternationalDalmau-Pastor et al 920863research-article2020 Article Foot & Ankle International® 1 –9 Anatomical Study of Minimally Invasive © The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions Lateral Release Techniques for Hallux DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100720920863 10.1177/1071100720920863 Valgus Treatment journals.sagepub.com/home/fai Miki Dalmau-Pastor, PhD1,2 , Francesc Malagelada, MD, PhD1,2,3, Guillaume Cordier, MD2,4, Jorge Javier Del Vecchio, MD, MBA2,5,6 , Mauricio Esteban Ghioldi, MD7, and Jordi Vega, MD1,2,8 Abstract Background: Lateral release (LR) for the treatment of hallux valgus is a routinely performed technique, either by means of open or minimally invasive (MI) surgery. Despite this, there is no available evidence of the efficacy and safety of MI lateral release. Our aim was to study 2 popular techniques for MI LR in cadavers by subsequently dissecting the released anatomical structures. Methods: Twenty-two cadaveric feet were included in the study and allocated into 2 groups, 1 for each procedure: 1 group underwent a MI adductor tendon release (AR), and in the other group, an extensive percutaneous lateral release (EPLR) (adductor tendon, suspensory ligament, phalanx-sesamoid ligament, lateral head of flexor hallucis brevis, and deep transverse metatarsal ligament) was performed. Anatomical dissection was performed to identify neurovascular injuries and to verify the released structures. Results: Both techniques demonstrated to be effective in reproducing a MI LR. A satisfactory release of the adductor tendon was achieved equally in both techniques (P = .85), being partial in most EPLR cases and full in the majority of AR cases. -
Origin and Antimeric Distribution of the Obturator Nerves in the New Zealand Rabbits Origem E Distribuição Antimérica Dos
Origin and antimeric distribution of the obturator nerves in the new zealand rabbits 1 DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v20e-55428 VETERINARY MEDICINE ORIGIN AND ANTIMERIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE OBTURATOR NERVES IN THE NEW ZEALAND RABBITS ORIGEM E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ANTIMÉRICA DOS NERVOS OBTURATÓRIOS EM COELHOS NOVA ZELÂNDIA Renata Medeiros do Nascimento¹ ORCID – http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0473-9545 Thais Mattos Estruc¹ ORCID - http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4559-3746 Jorge Luiz Alves Pereira² ORCID - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-666X Erick Candiota Souza³ ORCID - http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-5944 Paulo Souza Junior³ ORCID - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-6491 Marcelo Abidu-Figueiredo1* ORCID - http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-171X ¹Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil ²Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. ³Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil. *Correspondent author - [email protected] Abstract New Zealand rabbits are widely used as experimental models and represent an important casuistic in veterinary practices. The musculoskeletal conformation of rabbits frequently leads to the occurrence of lumbosacral lesions with neural involvement. In order to contribute to the comparative anatomy and the understanding of these lesions, the origin and distribution of the obturator nerves of 30 New Zealand rabbits (15 males and 15 females) previously fixed in 10% formaldehyde were studied by dissection. The obturator nerves were originated from the ventral spinal branches of L6 and L7 in 63.3% of the cases, L5 and L6 in 13.4%, only L7 in 13.4%, L7 and S1 in 6.6 % and of L6, L7 and S1 in 3.3%. -
A Study of Popliteal Artery and Its Variations with Clinical Applications
Dissertation on A STUDY OF POPLITEAL ARTERY AND ITS VARIATIONS WITH CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. Submitted in partial fulfillment for M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION BRANCH- XXIII, ANATOMY Upgraded Institute of Anatomy Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai - 600 003 THE TAMILNADU Dr.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHENNAI – 600 032 TAMILNADU MAY-2018 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this dissertation entitled “A STUDY OF POPLITEAL ARTERY AND ITS VARIATIONS WITH CLINICAL APPLICATIONS” is a bonafide record of the research work done by Dr.N.BAMA, Post graduate student in the Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai- 03, in partial fulfillment of the regulations laid down by The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University for the award of M.D. Degree Branch XXIII- Anatomy, under my guidance and supervision during the academic year from 2015-2018. Dr. Sudha Seshayyan,M.B.B.S., M.S., Dr. B. Chezhian, M.B.B.S., M.S., Director & Professor, Associate Professor, Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Madras Medical College, Chennai– 600 003. Chennai– 600 003. The Dean, Madras Medical College & Rajiv Gandhi Govt. General Hospital, Chennai Chennai – 600003. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express exquisite thankfulness and gratitude to my most respected teachers, guides Dr. B. Chezhian, Associate Professor Dr.Sudha Seshayyan, Director and Professor, Institute ofAnatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 3, for their invaluable guidance, persistent support and quest for perfection which has made this dissertation take its present shape. I am thankful to Dr. R. Narayana Babu, M.D., DCH, Dean, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 3 for permitting me to avail the facilities in this college for performing this study. -
Abdominal Muscles. Subinguinal Hiatus and Ingiunal Canal. Femoral and Adductor Canals. Neurovascular System of the Lower Limb
Abdominal muscles. Subinguinal hiatus and ingiunal canal. Femoral and adductor canals. Neurovascular system of the lower limb. Sándor Katz M.D.,Ph.D. External oblique muscle Origin: outer surface of the 5th to 12th ribs Insertion: outer lip of the iliac crest, rectus sheath Action: flexion and rotation of the trunk, active in expiration Innervation:intercostal nerves (T5-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve Internal oblique muscle Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, intermediate line of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: lower borders of the 10th to 12th ribs, rectus sheath, linea alba Action: flexion and rotation of the trunk, active in expiration Innervation:intercostal nerves (T8-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve Transversus abdominis muscle Origin: inner surfaces of the 7th to 12th ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, inner lip of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament Insertion: rectus sheath, linea alba, pubic crest Action: rotation of the trunk, active in expiration Innervation:intercostal nerves (T5-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve Rectus abdominis muscle Origin: cartilages of the 5th to 7th ribs, xyphoid process Insertion: between the pubic tubercle and and symphysis Action: flexion of the lumbar spine, active in expiration Innervation: intercostal nerves (T5-T11), subcostal nerve (T12) Subingiunal hiatus - inguinal ligament Subinguinal hiatus Lacuna musculonervosa Lacuna vasorum Lacuna lymphatica Lacuna -
Inguinofemoral Area
Inguinofemoral Area Inguinal Canal Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal in Infants and Children There are readily apparent differences between the inguinal canals of infants and adults. In infants, the canal is short (1 to 1.5 cm), and the internal and external rings are nearly superimposed upon one another. Scarpa's fascia is so well developed that the surgeon may mistake it for the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, resulting in treating a superficial ectopic testicle as an inguinal cryptorchidism. There also may be a layer of fat between the fascia and the aponeurosis. We remind surgeons of the statement of White that the external oblique fascia has not been reached as long as fat is encountered. In a newborn with an indirect inguinal hernia, there is nothing wrong with the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. Removal of the sac, therefore, is the only justifiable procedure. However, it is extremely difficult to estimate the weakness of the newborn's posterior inguinal wall by palpation. If a defect is suspected, a few interrupted permanent sutures might be used to perform the repair. Adult Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal The inguinal canal in the adult is an oblique rift in the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. It measures approximately 4 cm in length. It is located 2 to 4 cm above the inguinal ligament, between the opening of the external (superficial) and internal (deep) inguinal rings. The boundaries of the inguinal canal are as follows: Anterior: The anterior boundary is the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle and, more laterally, the internal oblique muscle. -
Describe the Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal. How May Direct and Indirect Hernias Be Differentiated Anatomically
Describe the anatomy of the inguinal canal. How may direct and indirect hernias be differentiated anatomically. How may they present clinically? Essentially, the function of the inguinal canal is for the passage of the spermatic cord from the scrotum to the abdominal cavity. It would be unreasonable to have a single opening through the abdominal wall, as contents of the abdomen would prolapse through it each time the intraabdominal pressure was raised. To prevent this, the route for passage must be sufficiently tight. This is achieved by passing through the inguinal canal, whose features allow the passage without prolapse under normal conditions. The inguinal canal is approximately 4 cm long and is directed obliquely inferomedially through the inferior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall. The canal lies parallel and 2-4 cm superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament. This ligament extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. It is the lower free edge of the external oblique aponeurosis. The main occupant of the inguinal canal is the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament of the uterus in females. They are functionally and developmentally distinct structures that happen to occur in the same location. The canal also transmits the blood and lymphatic vessels and the ilioinguinal nerve (L1 collateral) from the lumbar plexus forming within psoas major muscle. The inguinal canal has openings at either end – the deep and superficial inguinal rings. The deep (internal) inguinal ring is the entrance to the inguinal canal. It is the site of an outpouching of the transversalis fascia.